| host feeding patterns of connecticut mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | blood-engorged coquillettidia perturbans, psorophora ferox, culex, culiseta, and aedes mosquitoes were collected principally by sweep net from salt marsh and woodland habitats in connecticut. of the 570 mosquitoes tested, precipitin tests identified the origins of 517 blood meals and revealed distinct host feeding patterns. aedes mosquitoes fed chiefly on mammals; a. abserratus, a. cantator, and a. vexans showed selectivity for cattle and (or) horses. a. cantator also obtained blood from avian h ... | 1977 | 17310 |
| dirofilaria immitis and its potential mosquito vectors in central new york state. | screening of 25,822 dog blood samples indicated approximately a 1% infection rate with dirofilaria immitis. dipetalonema reconditum microfilariae were found in approximately 2% of 1,876 feral dogs examined. laboratory experimentation indicated that 6 of 10 local mosquito species examined allowed successful extrinsic incubation of d immitis. indices of experimental infection indicated aedes triseriatus and anopheles quadrimaculatus were excellent hosts for d immitis, but other factors considered, ... | 1977 | 20828 |
| laboratory transmission of jamestown canyon and snowshoe hare viruses (bunyaviridae: california serogroup) by several species of mosquitoes. | the ability of 14 species of mosquitoes to biologically transmit jamestown canyon virus was tested. four species not previously described as vectors of that virus transmitted to suckling mice. among membrane-fed mosquitoes with disseminated infections, field-collected aedes canadensis (1/3), anopheles punctipennis (1/12), coquillettidia perturbans (2/14) and a laboratory strain of ae. epactius (19/67) transmitted virus. two species were tested for their ability to transmit snowshoe hare virus: f ... | 1991 | 1675261 |
| trajectory analysis of winds and eastern equine encephalitis in usa, 1980-5. | backward trajectories of winds were determined to identify possible sources of eastern equine encephalitis virus associated with isolation of virus from mosquitoes or birds or outbreaks in horses between 1980 and 1985 in maryland, new jersey, new york and michigan, usa. the results of the trajectory analyses suggested that eastern equine encephalitis virus could have been carried by infected mosquitoes on surface winds at temperatures 13 degrees c or higher from north carolina north-eastwards al ... | 1990 | 1969804 |
| field studies on the potential of butanone, carbon dioxide, honey extract, 1-octen-3-ol, l-lactic acid and phenols as attractants for mosquitoes. | various combinations of six candidate attractants--butanone, carbon dioxide (co2), honey, octenol, lactic acid and mixed phenols--were tested against natural populations of mosquitoes in everglades national park, florida, u.s.a., using unlighted cdc-baited traps. with few exceptions, the attractancy of these candidate compounds to mosquitoes, when used alone, was less than that of co2 alone. the exceptions were that octenol and honey extract alone attracted larger numbers of coquillettidia pertu ... | 1990 | 1983456 |
| natural food and feeding behavior of coquillettidia perturbans larvae. | the natural particulate food of larval coquillettidia perturbans was studied through gut analysis using staining with 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and epifluorescence microscopy. bacteria (cocci, rods, spirochetes, purple bacteria and cyanobacteria), detritus, euglenoid protozoans and algae (desmids and diatoms) comprised the majority of particulate food, in order of abundance; other protozoans were rare, and hyphal forms (actinomycetes and fungi) were not observed. abundance of food items in gu ... | 1990 | 2324723 |
| evaluation of methoprene, temephos and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against coquillettidia perturbans larvae in minnesota. | temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and methoprene were tested for larval control of coquillettidia perturbans. neither temephos nor b.t.i. treatments at their maximum recommended dosages consistently reduced larval numbers. larval emergencies were reduced 99% in test plots treated with experimental, controlled release methoprene briquets (altosid sr-10). breeding sites of cq. perturbans in a 5,000 km2 area were treated using methoprene briquets in the 1984 season. adult p ... | 1986 | 2466954 |
| distribution of bunyamwera serogroup viruses in north america, 1956-1984. | we attempted to tabulate all bunyamwera serogroup (family bunyaviridae, genus bunyavirus) isolates from north america. by summarizing information from the laboratories of the centers for disease control, data generously shared by other laboratories, and the published literature, we were able to accumulate data regarding 1,372 bunyamwera serogroup viruses. these were: tensaw (664, including 8 from vertebrates), cache valley (396, including 6 from vertebrates), main drain (160, including 14 from v ... | 1986 | 2869708 |
| oral transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus by a northern indiana strain of coquillettidia perturbans. | | 1987 | 2904935 |
| efficacy of sustained-release formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and methoprene for control of coquillettidia perturbans in indiana. | | 1987 | 2904943 |
| absence of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus in immature coquillettidia perturbans associated with equine cases of eee. | | 1985 | 2906692 |
| mosquito and arbovirus surveillance in connecticut, 1991-1992. | a surveillance program for mosquito-borne arboviruses was conducted in connecticut following an epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) in horses and domestic birds during 1990. mosquito trapping was done weekly using co2-baited miniature light traps at 12 freshwater swamp sites that were located mostly in the southeastern portion of the state. trapping was conducted from june 27 to october 11, 1991 and from june 2 to september 30, 1992. totals of 7,435 (1991) and 13,912 (1992) adult fema ... | 1994 | 7707064 |
| records of mosquito-parasitic mermithid nematodes in the northcentral united states. | mermithid parasites (nematoda: mermithidae) were observed in 11 mosquito species in 22 counties of indiana, michigan, minnesota, ohio and wisconsin. natural hosts included adult aedes vexans, ae. canadensis, ae. cinereus, ae. diantaeus, ae. punctor, anopheles punctipennis and coquillettidia perturbans and larvae of ae. abserratus, ae. canadensis, ae. cinereus, ae. communis, ae. diantaeus, ae. provocans, ae. punctor, ae. stimulans and cq. perturbans. these are the first records of such parasites ... | 1993 | 7902415 |
| eastern equine encephalitis virus in ohio during 1991. | during august and september of 1991, an epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus in horses occurred in wayne and holmes countries, oh. this was the first recorded epizootic of eee virus in the state. twelve horses were confirmed positive for eee virus through virus isolation or seroconversion, and seven additional horses with compatible symptoms were in close spatial and temporal proximity to the confirmed cases and were presumed to have died from eee virus. the outbreak was centered ... | 1993 | 8094461 |
| isolations of potosi virus from mosquitoes collected in the united states, 1989-94. | potosi (pot) virus, a recently characterized bunyamwera serogroup virus, was discovered when it was isolated from aedes albopictus collected at a waste-tire site in potosi, washington county, missouri, during 1989. during the following year, pot virus was not isolated from 39,048 mosquitoes, including 17,519 ae. albopictus, collected in washington county. in 1991, mosquito collections from south carolina, ohio, and michigan yielded 8 strains of pot virus: 6 from coquillettidia perturbans and one ... | 1996 | 8723251 |
| population size, parity structure, and wing length of coquillettidia perturbans in an ohio focus of eastern equine encephalitis. | adult female density, parity status, and wing length were determined weekly for a population of coquillettidia perturbans in an area enzootic for eastern equine encephalitis virus in central ohio. samples were collected in co2-baited cdc miniature light traps from the first week in june through the 2nd week of september 1992. population density indicated a single emergence peak during the 2nd week in july. however, parity rates showed 2 peaks, occurring in the first week of august (70.9% parous) ... | 1996 | 8723260 |
| vector competence of mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) from massachusetts for a sympatric isolate of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. | we tested susceptibility to per os infection and potential salivary transmission for eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus in aedes canadensis (theobald), aedes vexans (meigen), anopheles quadrimaculatus (say), anopheles punctipennis (say), coquillettidia perturbans (walker), and culex salinarius (coquillett). culiseta melanura (coquillett), the documented enzootic vector of eee virus, was our control. based on these estimates of laboratory vector competence and other behavioral and ecolo ... | 1997 | 9151501 |
| sampling methods for potential epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in massachusetts. | to determine which of 11 trapping methods best sampled populations of 6 potential epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus, we compared new jersey (nj) light trap, cdc light trap, cdc with octenol, cdc with co2, cdc with co2 plus octenol, american biophysics light trap with flickering light (ab flicker), ab steady light, ab flicker with octenol, ab flicker with co2, ab flicker with co2 plus octenol, and 3 resting boxes. there was no significant difference between cdc and ... | 1997 | 9474560 |
| sampling with light traps and human bait in epidemic foci for eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in southeastern massachusetts. | to estimate human exposure to potential vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus, we compared collections of putative eee virus vectors from human biting collections with collections from cdc, ab (american biophysics), and new jersey light traps and resting boxes in enzootic/epidemic foci of eee virus in southeastern massachusetts. human biting collections caught significantly more host-seeking females than resting boxes or unbaited light traps (p < 0.05). regression analysis of h ... | 1997 | 9474561 |
| multiple isolations of eastern equine encephalitis and highlands j viruses from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) during a 1996 epizootic in southeastern connecticut. | thirty-six isolations of eastern equine encephalitis virus were obtained from 8 species of mosquitoes collected from 5 september through 18 october 1996 during an epizootic in southeastern connecticut. these included culiseta melanura (coquillett) (19 isolates), culex pipiens l. (8), culiseta morsitans (theobald) (3), aedes sollicitans (walker) (2), aedes cantator (coquillett) (1), aedes trivittatus (coquillett) (1), aedes vexans (meigen) (1), and coquillettidia perturbans (walker) (1). isolatio ... | 1998 | 9615549 |
| role of anopheles quadrimaculatus and coquillettidia perturbans (diptera: culicidae) in the transmission cycle of cache valley virus (bunyaviridae: bunyavirus) in the midwest, usa. | midwestern populations of coquillettidia perturbans (walker) and anopheles quadrimaculatus (say) were tested for their ability to transmit cache valley virus (cv), a recognized human and animal pathogen. field-collected mosquitoes were fed artificial blood meals containing 5.2-6.2 log10 pfu/ml of cv. after 9-23 d at 28 degrees c, 75-93% of blood-fed cq. perturbans had disseminated infections and 6-62% transmitted the virus to suckling mice. however, when infected with a lower virus titer (3.3 lo ... | 1998 | 9775588 |
| evaluation of butanone, carbon dioxide, and 1-octen-3-ol as attractants for mosquitoes associated with north central florida bay and cypress swamps. | field studies were conducted to determine the responses of mosquitoes found in north central florida bay and cypress swamps to carbon dioxide (co2), light, butanone, and 1-octen-3-ol (octenol), alone and co2 in combination with each of the others. the response of these mosquito species to 5 co2 release rates (2, 20, 100, 200, and 2,000 ml/min) of co2 was also determined. the use of co2 resulted in a response in all the species studied; the pattern of response to increasing co2 levels varied from ... | 1998 | 9813827 |
| toward the incrimination of epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in massachusetts: abundance of mosquito populations at epidemic foci. | putative epidemic/epizootic eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eee) vector populations were compared at 15 recent (1982-90) human and horse case sites in bristol and plymouth counties in southeastern massachusetts. carbon dioxide-baited american biophysics corporation light traps were used for trapping adult mosquitoes to estimate biting risk in these foci of known transmission. population data suggest that coquillettidia perturbans, aedes canadensis, and culex salinarius are more likely ve ... | 1999 | 10612612 |
| application of geographic information technology in determining risk of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus transmission. | geographic information system (gis) technology and remote sensing were used to identify landscape features determining risk of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eee) transmission as defined by the abundance of culiseta melanura (the enzootic vector) and 6 putative epidemic-epizootic vectors in massachusetts. landsat thematic mapper data combined with aerial videography data were used to generate a map of landscape elements at epidemic-epizootic foci in southeastern massachusetts. geographi ... | 2000 | 10757488 |
| effect of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus on the survival of aedes albopictus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and coquillettidia perturbans (diptera: culicidae). | the effect of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus on the survivorship of aedes albopictus (skuse), anopheles quadrimaculatus say, and coquillettidia perturbans (walker) was determined experimentally. female mosquitoes were allowed to feed on eee viremic chicks, and survival rates were compared for infected and uninfected mosquitoes. additionally, the survival of female cq. perturbans and an. quadrimaculatus intrathoracically (i.t.) inoculated with eee was compared with controls receivin ... | 2000 | 11004781 |
| arbovirus surveillance in south carolina, 1996-98. | arboviruses isolated and identified from mosquitoes in south carolina (usa) are described, including new state records for eastern equine encephalitis virus (eee), st. louis encephalitis virus (sle), flanders virus, tensaw virus (ten), and a variant of jamestown canyon virus (jc). mosquitoes were collected at 52 locations in 30 of 46 south carolina counties beginning in june 1996, and ending in october 1998, and tested for arboviruses. of 1,329 mosquito pools tested by virus isolation (85,806 mo ... | 2001 | 11345423 |
| habitat preference of host-seeking coquillettidia perturbans (walker) in relation to birds and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in new jersey. | coquillettidia perturbans (walker) has been implicated as a bridge vector of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in north america. eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus epizootics occur regularly in wild birds in new jersey with little or no involvement of susceptible dead end hosts even though high populations of cq. perturbans are present. several factors may limit eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus transfer from birds to mosquito bridge vectors like cq. perturbans (walker), incl ... | 2001 | 11469178 |
| vector competence of selected north american culex and coquillettidia mosquitoes for west nile virus. | to control west nile virus (wnv), it is necessary to know which mosquitoes are able to transmit this virus. therefore, we evaluated the wnv vector potential of several north american mosquito species. culex restuans and cx. salinarius, two species from which wnv was isolated in new york in 2000, were efficient laboratory vectors. cx. quinquefasciatus and cx. nigripalpus from florida were competent but only moderately efficient vectors. coquillettidia perturbans was an inefficient laboratory vect ... | 2001 | 11747732 |
| host-feeding habits of culex and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the borough of queens in new york city, with characters and techniques for identification of culex mosquitoes. | the host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes (n = 247) collected in the borough of queens in new york city in july and august 2000 were investigated using an indirect elisa and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-heteroduplex assay. culex pipiens l. and cx. restuans theobald fed primarily on birds, and their feeding habits support their implication as enzootic vectors of west nile virus. culex salinarius coquillett and coquillettidia perturbans (walker) fed mainly on mammals, with fewer blood meals tak ... | 2002 | 12349862 |
| west nile virus. | | 2003 | 12771077 |
| mosquitoes captured in a horse-baited stable trap in southeast louisiana. | a mosquito study based on collections from horse-baited stable traps was conducted in 1993 and 1994 at 3 sites in geographically and ecologically distinct areas of st. tammany parish (southeastern louisiana) to determine the major horse-feeding mosquito species that could be possible bridging and epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. a total of 4,535 mosquitoes in 1993 and 23,906 in 1994 involving 26 species were collected, of which, depending on the site, culex salinarius, ... | 2003 | 12825665 |
| transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in central alabama. | a site near tuskegee, alabama was examined for vector activity of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus in 2001. more than 23,000 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 34 species were collected during a 21-week period, and five species, culiseta melanura, aedes vexans, coquillettidia perturbans, culex erraticus, and uranotaenia sapphirina, were examined for the presence of virus using a nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for eee virus. each species was infected at vario ... | 2003 | 12875303 |
| arbovirus surveillance in rhode island: assessing potential ecologic and climatic correlates. | during 1995-2000, mosquitoes were collected from sites throughout rhode island and tested for the presence of arboviruses. mosquito trapping was done weekly from june to october with co2-baited light traps. in all, 186,537 mosquitoes belonging to 7 different genera were collected, of which coquillettidia perturbans was most abundant. a total of 6,434 pools were processed for arbovirus isolation, from which 193 arboviral isolations were made. these included 109 highlands j, 71 eastern equine ence ... | 2003 | 14524538 |
| mosquito and arbovirus activity during 1997-2002 in a wetland in northeastern mississippi. | the species composition and population dynamics of adult mosquitoes in a wetland near iuka, ms, were analyzed over a 6-yr period (1997-2002) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection rates of arboviruses determined during five of those years. blood meals of three likely vector species were identified using a pcr-based method that allows identification of the host to species. culex erraticus (dyar & knab) composed 51.9% of the population during the 6-yr period with 295 f ... | 2004 | 15185956 |
| west nile virus and high death rate in american crows. | we document effects of west nile virus (wnv) on american crows. more than two thirds of our crows died of wnv infection, peaking when the proportion of infected mosquitoes at roosts was greatest. wnv antibody prevalence in crows was low. local ecologic effects can be dramatic as wnv inhabits new areas. | 2004 | 15200865 |
| identification of reptilian and amphibian blood meals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus focus in central alabama. | uranotaenia sapphirina, culex erraticus, and cx. peccator were collected in an enzootic eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus focus in central alabama (tuskegee national forest) from 2001 to 2003 and analyzed for virus as well as host selection. eee virus was detected in each species every year except 2003, when pools of cx. peccator were negative. most (97%) of the 130 cx. peccator blood meals identified were from ectothermic hosts; 3% were from birds. among blood meals from reptiles (ap ... | 2004 | 15381805 |
| west nile virus risk assessment and the bridge vector paradigm. | in the northeast united states, control of west nile virus (wnv) vectors has been unfocused because of a lack of accurate knowledge about the roles different mosquitoes play in wnv transmission. we analyzed the risk posed by 10 species of mosquitoes for transmitting wnv to humans by using a novel risk-assessment measure that combines information on the abundance, infection prevalence, vector competence, and biting behavior of vectors. this analysis suggests that 2 species (culex pipiens l. and c ... | 2005 | 15757558 |
| mosquito surveillance for west nile virus in southeastern wisconsin--2002. | in 2001, west nile virus (wnv) was identified among dead american crows and bluejays in five counties in southeastern wisconsin. in response to the introduction of wnv, a pilot mosquito surveillance program was initiated in these five southeastern wisconsin counties during the summer of 2002. forty sites were selected for surveillance one night each week during a 17-week period. mosquitoes were collected in carbon dioxide-baited light traps and gravid traps. during the study period 31,419 mosqui ... | 2003 | 15931283 |
| host-feeding patterns of suspected west nile virus mosquito vectors in delaware, 2001-2002. | paucity of data on host-feeding patterns and behavior of 43 mosquito species that are reported as suspected west nile virus (wn) vectors has limited full evaluation of their vectorial capacity. recent studies addressing this issue need additional confirmation and should also be expanded to include collections of species or subpopulations attracted to humans. we used 4 types of collection methods to collect mosquitoes, including omnidirectional fay-prince traps, centers for disease control-type l ... | 2005 | 16033122 |
| variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) causes human encephalitis in north america (na), but in south america (sa) it has rarely been associated with human disease, suggesting that sa strains are less virulent. to evaluate the hypothesis that this virulence difference is due to a greater ability of na strains to evade innate immunity, we compared replication of na and sa strains in vero cells pretreated with interferon (ifn). human ifn-alpha, -beta, and -gamma generally exhibited less effect on ... | 2005 | 16103182 |
| west nile virus-infected mosquitoes, louisiana, 2002. | human cases of west nile virus (wnv) disease appeared in st. tammany and tangipahoa parishes in southeastern louisiana in june 2002. cases peaked during july, then rapidly declined. we conducted mosquito collections from august 3 to august 15 at residences of patients with confirmed and suspected wnv disease to estimate species composition, relative abundance, and wnv infection rates. a total of 31,215 mosquitoes representing 25 species were collected by using primarily gravid traps and co2-bait ... | 2005 | 16229769 |
| a dynamic transmission model of eastern equine encephalitis virus. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is one of several arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) endemic to the united states. interactions between arthropod (mosquito) vectors and avian amplification host populations play a significant role in the dynamics of arboviral transmission. recent data have suggested the hypothesis that an increased rate of successful feeding on young-of-the-year (yoy) birds might play a role in the dynamics of eeev transmission. to test this hypothesis, we developed a ... | 2006 | 16501661 |
| targeted trapping of mosquito vectors in the chesapeake bay area of maryland. | most adult mosquito surveillance in maryland is performed using dry ice-baited or unbaited centers for disease control (cdc) miniature light traps suspended approximately 1.5 m above the ground. however, standardized trapping methods may miss mosquito species involved in disease transmission cycles. during a 2-yr study, the effectiveness of the olfactory attractant 1-octen-3-ol alone and in combination with carbon dioxide was evaluated for collecting mosquito vector species. in addition, trap he ... | 2006 | 16619593 |
| molecular phylogeny and evolutionary relationships among mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from the northeastern united states based on small subunit ribosomal dna (18s rdna) sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships of culicidae native to the northeastern united states were investigated by analyzing small subunit ribosomal dna (18s rdna) sequences obtained from 39 species representing nine genera. molecular phylogenies were consistent with traditional classifications based on morphological characters except for the placements of psorophora robineau-desvoidy and uranotaenia lynch arribalzaga. in our analyses, 1) anopheles meigen was strongly supported as the sister taxon to the ... | 2006 | 16739399 |
| eastern equine encephalitis--new hampshire and massachusetts, august-september 2005. | during august-september 2005, the new hampshire department of health and human services reported seven cases of human eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) disease, the first laboratory-confirmed, locally acquired cases of human eeev disease reported from new hampshire in 41 years of national surveillance. also during august--september 2005, the massachusetts department of public health reported four cases of human eeev disease, five times the annual average of 0.8 cases reported from massach ... | 2006 | 16810146 |
| an assessment of the effectiveness of the mosquito magnet pro model for suppression of nuisance mosquitoes. | we tested the effectiveness of the american biophysics corporation mosquito magnet pro model (abc-pro) to reduce mosquito abundance in an urban (wolseley) and in a rural (fort whyte) setting in winnipeg, manitoba in 2001 and 2002. assessment was based on comparisons with control sites by using centers for disease control (cdc) light traps and landing counts on human observers. over a period of 94 trap nights, the abc-pro collected more than an estimated 2,000,000 mosquitoes of 6 species. aedes v ... | 2006 | 17067037 |
| west nile virus infection in mosquitoes in the mid-south usa, 2002-2005. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) was first detected in the tennessee valley and in alabama in august 2001. in summer 2002, intensive viral activity was seen, but in subsequent years, viral activity settled into an enzootic pattern. here, we report an analysis of viral activity in the mosquito fauna in the mid-south from 2002 (the first year viral activity was detected in mosquitoes) through 2005. eight mosquito species were infected with wnv during 2002. however, vira ... | 2007 | 17294929 |
| mosquitoes associated with us department of agriculture managed wetlands on maryland's delmarva peninsula. | mosquito faunal studies were carried out 2004-2005 in maryland's eastern shore wetlands managed by the us department of agriculture. the wetlands included flooded fields, inundated woodlands, and tidal salt marshes. sampling methods included larval collections, adult landing counts, and cdc light and oviposition traps. a total of 1,186 larvae and 1,363 adults identified represented 14 species. temporary pools were found to have the highest potential for rapid mosquito colonization with psorophor ... | 2007 | 17939519 |
| nocturnal activity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in a west nile virus focus in connecticut. | six species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected in sufficient numbers for analysis in segregating traps set at 2-h intervals by using co2 and light as attractants in a west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) focus in stratford, ct. the kolmogorov-smirnov one-sided test for two samples was used to analyze the data. mosquito activity began shortly before sunset and continued until shortly after sunrise the next morning. all species had geometric means that were s ... | 2007 | 18047212 |
| west nile virus surveillance and diagnostics: a canadian perspective. | a surveillance program has been in place since 2000 to detect the presence of west nile virus (wnv) in canada. serological assays are most appropriate when monitoring for human disease and undertaking case investigations. genomic amplification procedures are more commonly used for testing animal and mosquito specimens collected as part of ongoing surveillance efforts. the incursion of wnv into this country was documented for the first time in 2001 when wnv was demonstrated in 12 ontario health u ... | 2003 | 18159433 |
| evaluation of the eastern cottontail sylvilagus floridanus as an amplifying vertebrate host for cache valley virus (bunyaviridae) in indiana. | to evaluate the importance of eastern cottontails (sylvilagus floridanus) as amplifying hosts for cache valley virus (cvv), we tested hunter-provided blood samples from northern indiana for specific neutralizing (n) antibodies against this mosquito-borne bunya-virus. samples were collected during the winter of 1994-95. two seronegative eastern cottontails, captured in july 1995, were also infected with cvv by subcutaneous inoculation, and two others were infected by allowing cvv-infected mosquit ... | 2008 | 18263839 |
| isolations of jamestown canyon virus (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) from field-collected mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in connecticut, usa: a ten-year analysis, 1997-2006. | jamestown canyon virus (jcv) (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis belonging to the california serogroup. it has a wide geographic distribution, occurring throughout much of temperate north america. white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus are the principal amplification hosts, and boreal aedes and ochlerotatus mosquitoes are the primary vectors. a 10-year study was undertaken to identify potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, quantify seasonal prevalence rates of inf ... | 2008 | 18386967 |
| arbovirus transmission by culex nigripalpus in florida, 2005. | understanding the transmission patterns of west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv and slev) could result in an increased ability to predict transmission risk to humans. to examine transmission patterns between vector and host, we trapped mosquitoes in three florida counties from june to november 2005 by using chicken-baited lard can mosquito traps. these traps were used to monitor for presence of wnv and slev in mosquitoes and subsequent transmis ... | 2008 | 18533444 |
| comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of west nile and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus vectors in suffolk county, new york, using human population density and land use/cover data. | five years of cdc light trap data from suffolk county, ny, were analyzed to compare the applicability of human population density (hpd) and land use/cover (luc) classification systems to describe mosquito abundance and to determine whether certain mosquito species of medical importance tend to be more common in urban (defined by hpd) or residential (defined by luc) areas. eleven study sites were categorized as urban or rural using u.s. census bureau data and by luc types using geographic informa ... | 2008 | 18533453 |
| preference of female mosquitoes for natural and artificial resting sites. | at a wetland study site in tuskegee national forest, al, resting female mosquitoes were collected from natural and artificial resting sites to identify species-specific resting sites and to evaluate various artificial resting sites for their utility in collecting resting mosquitoes. natural resting sites included small tree cavities, large tree cavities, and understory vegetation. artificial resting sites included resting boxes, fiber pots, and plastic trash cans. we collected 12,888 female mosq ... | 2008 | 18666530 |
| host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, u.s.a.: molecular analysis of bloodmeals from 23 species of aedes, anopheles, culex, coquillettidia, psorophora, and uranotaenia. | we evaluated the blood-feeding patterns in several mosquito species that may serve as vectors of disease agents in the northeastern united states. blood-fed mosquitoes were collected from 91 different sites throughout connecticut over a 6-yr period (june-october 2002-2007), and the host-feeding patterns of 23 mosquito species representing six genera were examined by using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay and sequencing portions of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna. this study was ... | 2008 | 19058640 |
| mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors. | the traditional assumption that vector-borne pathogens should evolve towards a benign relationship with their arthropod vectors has been challenged on theoretical grounds and empirical evidence. however, in the case of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), although a number of investigators have reported experimental evidence for virus-induced vector mortality, others have failed to detect any significant impact. whether this variation in the observed level of arbovirus virulence depends on bio ... | 2009 | 19141420 |
| evaluation of the mosquito sentinel 360 trap in florida residential environments. | the mosquito sentinel 360 (ms) trap was evaluated in back yards of 6 residences in and near gainesville, fl. carbon dioxide and blue-light-emitting diode-modified centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) traps were utilized as a human substitute host to provide a measure of the effectiveness of the ms trap in reducing mosquito presence at the back door area of the houses. at 5 of the 6 residences, a ms trap was operated with or without carbon dioxide, lurex3 + octenol, or an experimental ... | 2008 | 19181060 |
| isolation of buggy creek virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) from field-collected eggs of oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | alphaviruses (togaviridae) rarely have been found to be vertically transmitted from female arthropods to their progeny. we report two isolations of buggy creek virus (bcrv), an ecologically unusual alphavirus related to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, from field-collected eggs of cimicid swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius horvath), the principal vector for bcrv. ten percent of egg pools were positive for bcrv, and we estimated minimum infection rates to be 1.03 infected eggs per 1,000 teste ... | 2009 | 19351091 |
| a duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of california serogroup and cache valley viruses. | a duplex taqman real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the detection of california (cal) serogroup viruses and cache valley virus (cvv), for use in human surveillance. the targets selected for the assay were the sequences encoding the nucleocapsid protein of cal and the g1 glycoprotein of cvv. conserved regions were selected by aligning genetic sequences from various strains available in the genbank database. primers and probes were selected in co ... | 2009 | 19748425 |
| response of adult mosquitoes to light-emitting diodes placed in resting boxes and in the field. | the response of adult mosquitoes to 4 light-emitting diode (led) wavelengths was evaluated using diode-equipped sticky cards (descs) and diode-equipped resting boxes at 2 sites in north central florida. wavelengths evaluated were blue (470 nm), green (502 nm), red (660 nm), and infrared (ir) (860 nm). when trapping with descs, 15 mosquito species from 7 genera (aedes, anopheles, coquillettidia, culex, mansonia, psorophora, and uranotaenia) were captured. overall, approximately 43.8% of all mosqu ... | 2009 | 19852218 |
| developing gis-based eastern equine encephalitis vector-host models in tuskegee, alabama. | a site near tuskegee, alabama was examined for vector-host activities of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev). land cover maps of the study site were created in arcinfo 9.2 from quickbird data encompassing visible and near-infrared (nir) band information (0.45 to 0.72 microm) acquired july 15, 2008. georeferenced mosquito and bird sampling sites, and their associated land cover attributes from the study site, were overlaid onto the satellite data. sas 9.1.4 was used to explore univariat ... | 2010 | 20181267 |
| blood feeding patterns of mosquitoes: random or structured? | abstract: | 2010 | 20205866 |
| vector competence of culex (melanoconion) taeniopus for equine-virulent subtype ie strains of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | the mosquito culex (melanoconion) taeniopus is a proven vector of enzootic venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) subtype ie in central america. it has been shown to be highly susceptible to infection by this subtype, and conversely to be highly refractory to infection by other veev subtypes. during the 1990s in southern coastal mexico, two vee epizootics in horses were attributed to subtype ie veev. these outbreaks were associated with veev strains with an altered infection phenotype for t ... | 2010 | 20519599 |
| exposure to chikungunya virus and adult longevity in aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse). | chikungunya virus (chikv) recently emerged as a global threat to public health through its adaptation to the cosmopolitan mosquito aedes albopictus skuse. aedes albopictus is highly susceptible to the emergent strain of chikv, relative to the historical vector of chikv, aedes aegypti (l.). we hypothesized that the high susceptibility of ae. albopictus to chikv may have a cost in terms of longevity and fecundity among infected vs non-infected mosquitoes, relative to ae. aegypti. we performed a lo ... | 2010 | 20618649 |
| detection of west nile virus rna in mosquitoes and identification of mosquito blood meals collected at alligator farms in louisiana. | since 2001, alligator farms in the united states have sustained substantial economic losses because of west nile virus (wnv) outbreaks in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). once an initial infection is introduced into captive alligators, wnv can spread among animals by contaminative transmission. some outbreaks have been linked to feeding on infected meat or the introduction of infected hatchlings, but the initial source of wnv infection has been uncertain in other outbreaks. we c ... | 2010 | 20695278 |
| eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes and their role as bridge vectors. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is maintained in an enzootic cycle involving culiseta melanura mosquitoes and avian hosts. other mosquito species that feed opportunistically on mammals have been incriminated as bridge vectors to humans and horses. to evaluate the capacity of these mosquitoes to acquire, replicate, and potentially transmit eeev, we estimated the infection prevalence and virus titers in mosquitoes collected in connecticut, usa, by cell culture, plaque titration, and quant ... | 2010 | 21122215 |
| temporal analysis of feeding patterns of culex erraticus in central alabama. | host blood meals in seven mosquito species previously shown to be infected with eastern equine encephalitis virus at a site in the tuskegee national forest in southcentral alabama were investigated. of 1374 blood meals derived from 88 different host species collected over 6 years from these seven mosquito species, 1099 were derived from culex erraticus. analysis of the temporal pattern of cx. erraticus meals using a runs test revealed that the patterns of feeding upon avian and mammalian hosts f ... | 2011 | 21395423 |
| host reproductive phenology drives seasonal patterns of host use in mosquitoes. | seasonal shifts in host use by mosquitoes from birds to mammals drive the timing and intensity of annual epidemics of mosquito-borne viruses, such as west nile virus, in north america. the biological mechanism underlying these shifts has been a matter of debate, with hypotheses falling into two camps: (1) the shift is driven by changes in host abundance, or (2) the shift is driven by seasonal changes in the foraging behavior of mosquitoes. here we explored the idea that seasonal changes in host ... | 2011 | 21408172 |
| phylogenetic analysis of eastern equine encephalitis virus isolates from florida. | abstract. florida has the highest degree of endemicity for eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) of any state in the united states and is the only state with year-round transmission of eeev. to further understand the viral population dynamics in florida, the genome sequence of six eeev isolates from central florida were determined. these data were used to identify the most polymorphic regions of the eeev genome from viruses isolated in florida. the sequence of these polymorphic regions was th ... | 2011 | 21540379 |
| a multi-year study of mosquito feeding patterns on avian hosts in a southeastern focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus. | abstract. eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that cycles in birds but also causes severe disease in humans and horses. we examined patterns of avian host use by vectors of eeev in alabama from 2001 to 2009 using blood-meal analysis of field-collected mosquitoes and avian abundance surveys. the northern cardinal (cardinalis cardinalis) was the only preferred host (fed on significantly more than expected based on abundance) of culiseta melanura, the enzootic vect ... | 2011 | 21540380 |
| Competency of reptiles and amphibians for eastern equine encephalitis virus. | Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is endemic throughout most of the eastern United States. Although it is transmitted year round in Florida, transmission elsewhere is seasonal. The mechanism that enables EEEV to overwinter in seasonal foci remains obscure. In previous field studies, early season EEEV activity was detected in mosquito species that feed primarily upon ectothermic hosts, suggesting that reptiles and amphibians might represent overwintering reservoir hosts for EEEV. To determ ... | 2011 | 21896798 |
| potential for canadian mosquitoes to transmit rift valley fever virus. | the rapid spread of west nile viral activity across north america since its discovery in 1999 illustrates the potential for an exotic arbovirus to be introduced and become widely established across north america. rift valley fever virus (rvfv) has been responsible for large outbreaks in africa that have resulted in hundreds of thousands of human infections and major economic disruption due to loss of livestock and to trade restrictions. however, little is known about the potential for mosquitoes ... | 2011 | 22329267 |
| aedes japonicus japonicus and associated woodland species attracted to centers for disease control and prevention miniature light traps baited with carbon dioxide and the traptech mosquito lure. | twelve reported mosquito attractants, alone or in combination, and 3 different types of traps were evaluated under field conditions for their attractiveness to host-seeking and oviposition-seeking female aedes japonicus japonicus and associated woodland species in windsor, ct, in 2010 and 2011. this study highlights the effectiveness of combining co2 with the traptech mosquito lure in a centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) miniature light trap for collection of ae. j. japonicus and a ... | 2012 | 23833898 |
| habitat characteristics of coquillettidia perturbans in central florida. | habitat characteristics were examined in two marshes and the littoral zones of two lakes in central florida to determine their effect on the density and distribution of coquillettidia perturbans. larval and water samples were collected and habitat characteristics were recorded at monthly intervals for one year. several significantly different physicochemical parameters were found between the marshes and lakeshores. sites with dissolved oxygen less than 1.5 mg/liter (from october through may), ph ... | 2010 | 2904944 |
| devices for sampling and sorting immature coquillettidia perturbans. | | 2010 | 2906669 |
| host associations of mosquitoes at eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in connecticut, usa. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne arbovirus, with active transmission foci in freshwater hardwood swamps in eastern north america, where enzootic transmission is maintained between the ornithophilic mosquito, culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds. the role of other locally abundant mosquito species in virus transmission and their associations with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals within these foci are largely unknown but are of importa ... | 2016 | 27577939 |
| wolbachia biocontrol strategies for arboviral diseases and the potential influence of resident wolbachia strains in mosquitoes. | arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a major cause of human disease worldwide. the absence of vaccines and effective vector control strategies has resulted in the need for novel mosquito control strategies. the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has been proposed to form the basis for an effective mosquito biocontrol strategy. resident strains of wolbachia inhibit viral replication in drosophila fruit flies and induce a reproductive phenotype known as cytoplasmic incompatibility that allows ... | 2016 | 26925368 |
| insights into the recent emergence and expansion of eastern equine encephalitis virus in a new focus in the northern new england usa. | eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev) causes a highly pathogenic zoonosis that circulates in an enzootic cycle involving the ornithophagic mosquito, culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds in freshwater hardwood swamps in the northeastern u.s. epidemic/epizootic transmission to humans/equines typically occurs towards the end of the transmission season and is generally assumed to be mediated by locally abundant and contiguous mammalophagic "bridge vector" mosquitoes. | 2015 | 26453283 |
| vector-host interactions of culiseta melanura in a focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in southeastern virginia. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) causes a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne zoonosis that is responsible for sporadic outbreaks of severe illness in humans and equines in the eastern usa. culiseta (cs.) melanura is the primary vector of eeev in most geographic regions but its feeding patterns on specific avian and mammalian hosts are largely unknown in the mid-atlantic region. the objectives of our study were to: 1) identify avian hosts of cs. melanura and evaluate their potential role in ... | 2015 | 26327226 |
| ecology of culiseta melanura and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from walton county, fl, during winter period 2013-2014. | winter ecology of putative vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev) in northern florida was investigated at field locations with evidence of historic eeev winter transmission. light traps and resting shelters were used to sample the mosquito community in the vicinity of eight sentinel flocks throughout the winter period (november-april) of 2013 and 2014 in walton county, fl. overall mosquito activity was relatively low, although mosquitoes were captured during each week of the st ... | 2015 | 26336227 |
| the first outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis in vermont: outbreak description and phylogenetic relationships of the virus isolate. | the first known outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) in vermont occurred on an emu farm in rutland county in 2011. the first isolation of eee virus (eeev) in vermont (vt11) was during this outbreak. phylogenetic analysis revealed that vt11 was most closely related to fl01, a strain from florida isolated in 2001, which is both geographically and temporally distinct from vt11. eeev rna was not detected in any of the 3,905 mosquito specimens tested, and the specific vectors associated with ... | 2015 | 26043136 |
| arboviruses in north dakota, 2003-2006. | to investigate arbovirus transmission in north dakota, we collected and screened mosquitoes for viral infection by vero cell culture assay. seven viruses were isolated from 13 mosquito species. spatial and temporal distributions of the important vectors of west nile virus (wnv), cache valley virus, jamestown canyon virus (jcv), and trivittatus virus are reported. snowshoe hare virus, potosi virus, and western equine encephalomyelitis virus were also isolated. the risks of culex tarsalis and aede ... | 2014 | 25487728 |
| field investigations of winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus in florida. | studies investigating winter transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) were conducted in hillsborough county, florida. the virus was detected in culiseta melanura and anopheles quadrimaculatus in february 2012 and 2013, respectively. during the winter months, herons were the most important avian hosts for all mosquito species encountered. in collections carried out in the summer of 2011, blood meals taken from herons were still common, but less frequently encountered than in winte ... | 2014 | 25070997 |
| effects of bartonella spp. on flea feeding and reproductive performance. | numerous pathogens are transmitted from one host to another by hematophagous insect vectors. the interactions between a vector-borne organism and its vector vary in many ways, most of which are yet to be explored and identified. these interactions may play a role in the dynamics of the infection cycle. one way to evaluate these interactions is by studying the effects of the tested organism on the vector. in this study, we tested the effects of infection with bartonella species on fitness-related ... | 2013 | 23542614 |
| an epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis virus, maine, usa in 2009: outbreak description and entomological studies. | from july to september, 2009, an outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) occurred in five counties in maine. the virus was isolated from 15 horses, 1 llama, and pheasants in three separate captive flocks. one wild turkey, screened before translocation, also showed exposure to the virus in january 2010. two pools of culiseta melanura (coquillett) tested positive for eeev during routine seasonal surveillance in york county in september, but none of the mosquitoes collected during rapi ... | 2012 | 23208877 |
| development of a multi-target taqman assay to detect eastern equine encephalitis virus variants in mosquitoes. | disease outbreaks caused by eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev; togaviridae, alphavirus) may be prevented by implementing effective surveillance and intervention strategies directed against the mosquito vector. methods for eeev detection in mosquitoes include a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr technique (taqman assay), but we report its failure to detect variants isolated in connecticut in 2011, due to a single base-pair mismatch in the probe-binding site. to improve the molecular detect ... | 2012 | 22835151 |
| alphaviruses: population genetics and determinants of emergence. | alphaviruses are responsible for several medically important emerging diseases and are also significant veterinary pathogens. due to the aerosol infectivity of some alphaviruses and their ability to cause severe, sometimes fatal neurologic diseases, they are also of biodefense importance. this review discusses the ecology, epidemiology and molecular virology of the alphaviruses, then focuses on three of the most important members of the genus: venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitis and chiku ... | 2012 | 22522323 |
| habitat associations of eastern equine encephalitis transmission in walton county florida. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev; family togaviridae, genus alphavirus) a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne virus is endemic to eastern north america. the ecology of eeev in florida differs from that in other parts of the united states; eeev in the northeastern united states is historically associated with freshwater wetlands. no formal test of habitat associations of eeev in florida has been reported. geographical information sciences (gis) was used in conjunction with sentinel chicken ee ... | 0 | 22679885 |
| natural variation in the heparan sulfate binding domain of the eastern equine encephalitis virus e2 glycoprotein alters interactions with cell surfaces and virulence in mice. | recently, we compared amino acid sequences of the e2 glycoprotein of natural north american eastern equine encephalitis virus (na-eeev) isolates and demonstrated that naturally circulating viruses interact with heparan sulfate (hs) and that this interaction contributes to the extreme neurovirulence of eeev (c. l. gardner, g. d. ebel, k. d. ryman, and w. b. klimstra, proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a., 108:16026-16031, 2011). in the current study, we have examined the contribution to hs binding of e ... | 2013 | 23720725 |
| spatiotemporal variation of mosquito diversity (diptera: culicidae) at places with different land-use types within a neotropical montane cloud forest matrix. | land-use change has led to a dramatic decrease in total forest cover, contributing to biodiversity loss and changes of ecosystems' functions. insect communities of medical importance can be favored by anthropogenic alterations, increasing the risk of novel zoonotic diseases. the response of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) abundance and richness to five land-use types (shade coffee plantation, cattle field, urban forest, peri-urban forest, well-preserved montane cloud forest) and three seasons ("dr ... | 2015 | 26399854 |
| predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of rift valley fever virus in the united states. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-borne virus in the family bunyaviridiae that has spread throughout continental africa to madagascar and the arabian peninsula. the establishment of rvfv in north america would have serious consequences for human and animal health in addition to a significant economic impact on the livestock industry. published and unpublished data on rvfv vector competence, vertebrate host competence, and mosquito feeding patterns from the united states were combined ... | 2014 | 25211133 |
| ecology of potential west nile virus vectors in southeastern louisiana: enzootic transmission in the relative absence of culex quinquefasciatus. | a study of west nile virus (wnv) ecology was conducted in st. tammany parish, louisiana, from 2002 to 2004. mosquitoes were collected weekly throughout the year using centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) light traps placed at 1.5 and 6 m above the ground and gravid traps. a total of 379,466 mosquitoes was collected. wnv was identified in 32 pools of mosquitoes comprising four species; 23 positive pools were from culex nigripalpus collected during 2003. significantly more positive poo ... | 2013 | 23478575 |
| vector contact rates on eastern bluebird nestlings do not indicate west nile virus transmission in henrico county, virginia, usa. | sensitive indicators of spatial and temporal variation in vector-host contact rates are critical to understanding the transmission and eventual prevention of arboviruses such as west nile virus (wnv). monitoring vector contact rates on particularly susceptible and perhaps more exposed avian nestlings may provide an advanced indication of local wnv amplification. to test this hypothesis we monitored wnv infection and vector contact rates among nestlings occupying nest boxes (primarily eastern blu ... | 2013 | 24287858 |
| molecular identification of vertebrate and hemoparasite dna within mosquito blood meals from eastern north dakota. | to understand local transmission of vector-borne diseases, it is important to identify potential vectors, characterize their host feeding patterns, and determine if vector-borne pathogens are circulating within the region. this study simultaneously investigated these aspects of disease transmission by collecting engorged mosquitoes within two rural study sites in the central red river valley of north dakota. mosquitoes were identified, midguts were excised, and the blood was expelled from the mi ... | 2013 | 24107213 |
| microbial communities within field-collected culiseta melanura and coquillettidia perturbans. | although mosquitoes are well-known vectors of human and animal diseases, pathogens are only minor components of their total endogenous microbial communities. the midguts of many insects, including mosquitoes, contain diverse microbial communities. in this study, we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to identify the diversity of bacteria in field-collected adult female culiseta melanura (diptera: culicidae) (coquillett) and coquillettidia perturbans (diptera: culicidae) (walker). few si ... | 2013 | 23781871 |
| north american wetlands and mosquito control. | wetlands are valuable habitats that provide important social, economic, and ecological services such as flood control, water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, pollutant removal, and primary/secondary production export to terrestrial and aquatic food chains. there is disagreement about the need for mosquito control in wetlands and about the techniques utilized for mosquito abatement and their impacts upon wetlands ecosystems. mosquito control in wetlands is a complex issue influenced by ... | 2012 | 23222252 |
| blood feeding patterns of potential arbovirus vectors of the genus culex targeting ectothermic hosts. | reptiles and amphibians constitute a significant portion of vertebrate biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and may be important arbovirus reservoirs. to investigate mosquito preference for ectothermic hosts, feeding indices were calculated from data collected in tuskegee national forest, alabama, usa. four mosquito species fed upon ectothermic hosts, with culex peccator and cx. territans feeding primarily upon ectotherms. these two species appeared to target distinct species with little overlap in ... | 0 | 18981528 |
| evaluation of seasonal feeding patterns of west nile virus vectors in bernalillo county, new mexico, united states: implications for disease transmission. | many mosquito species take bloodmeals predominantly from either birds or mammals. other mosquito species are less host-specific and feed readily on both. furthermore, some species tend to alter their feeding patterns over the course of the year; early in the mosquito season such species may feed primarily on a particular host type, and subsequently take an increasingly larger proportion of their bloodmeals from an alternative host type as the season progresses. we have examined the feeding patte ... | 0 | 24605477 |
| dispersal of culex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from a wastewater treatment facility. | a mark-recapture project examined dispersal and flight distances of culex mosquitoes from a wastewater treatment plant in albany, ny, during 2007 and 2008. a self-marking device was constructed to mark egressing mosquitoes with fluorescent marking powder. mosquitoes were recaptured using 30 cdc miniature light traps located within a 2.0 km radius of the marking site. a total of 13 and 10 marked culex mosquitoes were recaptured in 2007 and 2008, respectively. culex mosquitoes traveled a minimum o ... | 0 | 22308769 |