| molecular and phenotypic description of the widespread root symbiont acephala applanata gen. et sp. nov., formerly known as dark-septate endophyte type 1. | acephala applanata gen. et sp. nov. is described. a. applanata is a dark-septate endophyte (dse) of conifer roots and belongs to the phialocephala fortinii species complex. several genetic markers, including isozymes, inter-simple-sequence-repeat (issr) fingerprints, single-copy restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) and sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (its), let us unambiguously separate isolates of a. applanata from isolates of p. fortinii s.l. and other dark-septate en ... | 2005 | 16392252 |
| population genetic analysis of phialocephala fortinii s.l. and acephala applanata in two undisturbed forests in switzerland and evidence for new cryptic species. | the genetic structure of the root endophytes phialocephala fortinii s.l. and acephala applanata was analyzed in two undisturbed forests. a total of 606 strains isolated from surface-sterilized, fine roots of picea abies and vaccinium myrtillus were examined. two new cryptic species of p. fortinii were recognized and host specialization of a. applanata was confirmed. this species was almost exclusively isolated from roots of p. abies. the index of association did not deviate significantly from ze ... | 2006 | 16631398 |
| suitability of methods for species recognition in the phialocephala fortinii-acephala applanata species complex using dna analysis. | sequence data of two coding and three non-coding loci were used to study the taxonomic identity within and relatedness among seven previously defined cryptic species (csp) of phialocephala fortinii and acephala applanata using two approaches of species recognition. identification of taxonomic groups corresponding to csp was ambiguous in some cases when applying solely the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (gcpsr) concept. the definition of groups corresponding to csp usin ... | 2007 | 17289408 |
| assignment of species rank to six reproductively isolated cryptic species of the phialocephala fortinii s.1.-acephala applanata species complex. | phialocephala fortinii s.1. and acephala applanata are the dominant dark septate endophytes (dse) in roots of many trees and shrubs. population genetic analysis led to the discovery of morphologically indistinguishable but reproductively isolated cryptic species (csp) within phialocephala fortinii s.1. in the present study we show that sequence data of two coding (beta-tubulin and translation elongation factor [ef-lalpha]) and three noncoding dna loci confirm subdivision of p. fortinii s.1. and ... | 2008 | 18488352 |
| phylogeny of phaeomollisia piceae gen. sp. nov.: a dark, septate, conifer-needle endophyte and its relationships to phialocephala and acephala. | dark, septate endophytes (dse) were isolated from roots and needles of dwarf picea abies and from roots of vaccinium spp. growing on a permafrost site in the jura mountains in switzerland. two of the isolates sporulated after incubation for more than one year at 4 degrees c. one of them was a hitherto undescribed helotialean ascomycete phaeomollisia piceae gen. sp. nov., the other was a new species of phialocephala, p. glacialis sp. nov. both species are closely related to dse of the phialocepha ... | 2009 | 19015028 |
| phialocephala urceolata, sp. nov., from a commercial, water-soluble heparin solution. | phialocephala urceolata sp. nov. was isolated from a black film that had developed on a water-soluble proprietary heparin solution (ph 2.5). morphological and enzymatic characters, along with phylogenetic analyses of rdna sequence data, indicated that the conidial fungus is closely related to species of phialocephala known primarily as endophytes in the roots of vascular plants (e.g., acephala applanata, p. fortinii and p. sphaeroides) or as associates of persistent plant organs such as the stem ... | 2009 | 19271676 |
| characterization of the mating type (mat) locus in the phialocephala fortinii s.l. -acephala applanata species complex. | members of the phialocephala fortinii sensu lato -acephala applanata species complex (pac) are the dominant root endophytes of woody plants in temperate and boreal forests. in the present study, the mating type (mat) idiomorphs of eight species belonging to the pac were cloned. because direct cloning of mat idiomorphs was not possible, species phylogenetically placed between the pac and other helotialean species with characterized mat locus were used for an intermediate cloning step. whereas a. ... | 2010 | 20541616 |
| suitability of quantitative real-time pcr to estimate the biomass of fungal root endophytes. | a nested single-copy locus-based quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay and a multicopy locus-based qpcr assay were developed to estimate endophytic biomass of fungal root symbionts belonging to the phialocephala fortinii sensu lato-acephala applanata species complex (pac). both assays were suitable for estimation of endophytic biomass, but the nested assay was more sensitive and specific for pac. for mycelia grown in liquid cultures, the correlation between dry weight and dna amount was strong and stati ... | 2010 | 20601500 |
| microsatellite-based quantification method to estimate biomass of endophytic phialocephala species in strain mixtures. | fungi of the phialocephala fortinii sensu lato-acephala applanata species complex (pac) are ubiquitous endophytic colonizers of tree roots in which they form genotypically diverse communities. measurement of the colonization density of each of the fungal colonizers is a prerequisite to study the ecology of these communities. up to now, there is no method readily available for the quantification of pac strains co-colonizing the same root. the new dna quantification method presented here is based ... | 2011 | 21258787 |
| microsatellite size homoplasies and null alleles do not affect species diagnosis and population genetic analysis in a fungal species complex. | the suitability of 13 microsatellite loci for species diagnosis and population genetics in 11 species of the phialocephala fortinii s.l.-acephala applanata species complex (pac) was assessed. two data sets were compared to test possible biases in species typing and clone detection resulting from null alleles and size homoplasies. the first data set was based on fragment lengths derived from a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and the second data set was received from singleplex pcr ... | 2010 | 21565031 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the tree-root endophytes phialocephala subalpina and phialocephala fortinii s.s. | species of the phialocephala fortinii s.l.-acephala applanata complex are the dominant dark septate endophytes (dse) in roots of species belonging to the pinaceae. the two species phialocephala subalpina and p. fortinii s.s. belong to the most widely distributed species within this complex. in the present study, 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for these two closely related species. strains of a community which were analysed previously using single-copy restriction fragment leng ... | 2008 | 21586034 |
| negative effects on survival and performance of norway spruce seedlings colonized by dark septate root endophytes are primarily isolate-dependent. | root endophytes are common and genetically highly diverse suggesting important ecological roles. yet, relative to above-ground endophytes, little is known about them. dark septate endophytic fungi of the phialocephala fortinii s.l.-acephala applanata species complex (pac) are ubiquitous root colonizers of conifers and ericaceae, but their ecological function is largely unknown. responses of norway spruce seedlings of two seed provenances to inoculations with isolates of four pac species were stu ... | 2011 | 21812887 |
| Sex in the PAC: a hidden affair in dark septate endophytes? | Fungi are asexually and sexually reproducing organisms that can combine the evolutionary advantages of the two reproductive modes. However, for many fungi the sexual cycle has never been observed in the field or in vitro and it remains unclear whether sexual reproduction is absent or cryptic. Nevertheless, there are indirect approaches to assess the occurrence of sex in a species, such as population studies, expression analysis of genes involved in mating processes and analysis of their selectiv ... | 2011 | 21961933 |
| host species and strain combination determine growth reduction of spruce and birch seedlings colonized by root-associated dark septate endophytes. | interactions of betula pendula and picea abies with dark septate endophytes of the phialocephala fortinii-acephala applanata species complex (pac) were studied. pac are ubiquitous fungal root symbionts of many woody plant species but their ecological role is largely unknown. sterile birch and spruce seedlings in monoculture and mixed culture were exposed to four pac strains, added either singularly or paired in all possible combinations at 18°c and 23°c. plant and fungal biomass was determined a ... | 2011 | 22212126 |