| development in cell cultures of eimeria vermiformis ernst, chobotar and hammond, 1971. | development of eimeria vermiformis from sporozoite to mature first-generation schizonts in cultured bovine kidney cells, madin-darby bovine kidney cells, and primary cultures of whole mouse embryos is described. intracellular sporozoites were seen at 5 min, and for as long as 120 h after inoculation. sporozoites were observed penetrating cells, with uninucleate trophozoites and immature schizonts with 2--6 nuclei first appearing 24 h after inoculation. schizonts with 6 or more nuclei, as well as ... | 1977 | 919685 |
| exposure to the scent of male mice infected with the protozoan parasite, eimeria vermiformis, induces opioid- and nonopioid-mediated analgesia in female mice. | the present study examined the nociceptive responses of female mice exposed to the scent (soiled cage bedding) of male mice infected with the protozoan parasite, eimeria vermiformis. a 30-min exposure to the odors of a parasitized male induced naloxone (1.0 mg/kg)-sensitive opioid-mediated analgesia in female mice, whereas a brief 1-min exposure to these odors resulted in a lower amplitude, relatively short, nonopioid analgesia that was insensitive to naloxone and blocked by the serotonin-1a (5- ... | 1992 | 1387962 |
| intestinal changes associated with expression of immunity to challenge with eimeria vermiformis. | to provide more information on the mechanisms involved in the immune inhibition of eimeria infections, nih mice were adoptively immunized against infection with eimeria vermiformis by the transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells from primed animals and homologously challenged. subsequent changes in the architecture and cellular composition of the intestine were compared with those observed in similarly challenged susceptible control mice and correlated with the development of the parasite in the ... | 1992 | 1452361 |
| gamma interferon-mediated inhibition of eimeria vermiformis growth in cultured fibroblasts and epithelial cells. | the growth of eimeria vermiformis within cultured murine fibroblastlike (l-929) or rat epithelial-like (ratec) cells was inhibited by treatment of the cells with the appropriate recombinant gamma interferon. the effect was apparent as a reduction in both the initial numbers of intracellular sporozoites and, to a much greater extent, the numbers of subsequent developmental stages. pretreatment of the host cells was more effective than treatment in the early postinvasive period, and recombinant ga ... | 1991 | 1898910 |
| interferon-gamma-mediated effects upon immunity to coccidial infections in the mouse. | the effect of treatment with a monoclonal antibody (moab) capable of neutralising interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) on the course of coccidial infections in mice (c57bl/6 and nih infected with eimeria vermiformis or e. pragensis, and balb/c infected with e. pragensis) was examined. the results differed with the species of parasite, the strain of mouse, the measure of infection and whether the infection was a primary or secondary one. the replication of e. vermiformis in primary infections was enhance ... | 1991 | 1901641 |
| oxygen derived free radicals and the course of eimeria vermiformis infection in inbred strains of mice. | free radical generation by peritoneal leukocytes from balb/c and c57bl/6 mice was monitored for 18 days following infection with eimeria vermiformis. free radical generation occurred earlier and was quantitatively much greater in resistant balb/c mice than in susceptible c57bl/6 mice, resistance being indicated by a much lower oocyst production and a shorter patent period of e. vermiformis. plasma greatly enhanced free radical generation in response to a soluble antigen prepared from sporulated ... | 1990 | 2084608 |
| transfer of extraintestinal stages of eimeria vermiformis in the mouse. | the oral administration of whole blood and liver or lung homogenates from mice donors inoculated 1-3 days previously with eimeria vermiformis oocysts produced infection in coccidia-free recipient mice. | 1990 | 2141071 |
| eimeria vermiformis: differences in the course of primary infection can be correlated with lymphocyte responsiveness in the balb/c and c57bl/6 mouse, mus musculus. | balb/c and c57bl/6 mice are high- and low-responders, respectively, to infection with eimeria vermiformis, this genetically determined difference being immunologically mediated. in order to identify the level at which response phenotype is determined, the proliferation of mesenteric lymph node cells and their ability to transfer immunity adoptively were investigated in each strain; the development of circulating serum antibodies to e. vermiformis was also determined. in all respects balb/c mice ... | 1990 | 2209786 |
| gamma interferon controls eimeria vermiformis primary infection in balb/c mice. | neutralization of endogenous gamma interferon by treatment with a rat monoclonal antibody caused enhancement of infection with the protozoon eimeria vermiformis in naive balb/c mice. the effect was dose dependent and was apparent when a monoclonal antibody was given at 2 h before infection or up to 7 days postinfection, but it decreased with increasing time postinfection between days 4 and 7. the titers of parasite-specific antibodies in the serum were not significantly affected by the injection ... | 1989 | 2496035 |
| specificity and cross-reactivity of hybridoma antibodies generated against eimeria bovis sporozoites. | spleens from mice immunized with eimeria bovis sporozoites were removed and the cells fused with mouse myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cell lines (hcls). the resulting hcls were examined for antibody (hab) production against e. bovis sporozoites using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test on air-dried sporozoites. four fusions resulted in the production of 19 hcls that produced habs to e. bovis sporozoites. these 19 hcls were further tested for reactivity with cell culture-grown merozoi ... | 1989 | 2672546 |
| eimeria vermiformis and e. mitis: inhibition of development in vivo by cyclosporin a. | treatment of the host (mus musculus, gallus domesticus) with cyclosporin a during infection with eimeria vermiformis or e. mitis resulted in a reduction in the numbers of oocysts passed in the feces and/or a delay in patency. the general immunosuppressive effects of the treatment were confirmed in chickens by monitoring their antibody responses to human erythrocytes and lymphoproliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin. nevertheless, mice and chickens treated with cyclosporin a during a primar ... | 1989 | 2703028 |
| changes in the cytoplasmic elements of cultured cells infected with eimeria vermiformis sporozoites. | epithelial-type (pk-15) and fibroblast-type (mdbk) mammalian cell cultures were inoculated with purified eimeria vermiformis sporozoites. matched samples from 0 to 93 h after inoculation (hai) were processed for electron microscopy; half of the sample preparations were extracted with non-ionic detergent prior to fixation. specimens were examined by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. numerous sporozoites were attached to the cultured cells from 2 to 93 hai, usually near the cell ... | 1989 | 2724179 |
| immunity to coccidiosis: t-cell control of infection with eimeria vermiformis in mice does not require co-operation with inflammatory cells. | the necessity for co-operation between lymphocytes and myeloid-derived inflammatory cells in the mediation of anti-coccidial immunity was investigated using mice infected with eimeria vermiformis. reciprocal exchange of immune lymphocytes between h-2 compatible strains of contrasting susceptibility to infection (resistant balb/b and susceptible c57bl/10) resulted in successful transfer of immunity in both homologous and heterologous exchanges. recipients of immune cells, whatever their original ... | 1989 | 2788856 |
| mediation of immunity to eimeria vermiformis in mice by l3t4+ t cells. | immunity to infection with eimeria vermiformis was transferred in nih mice by both the nylon wool-adherent (b-cell-enriched) and nonadherent (t-cell-enriched) fractions of lymphocytes (spleen and mesenteric lymph node) taken from infected donors. transfer was more variable with the adherent fraction, and when contaminating t cells were removed by treatment with anti-thy1 monoclonal antibody (mab) and complement, this fraction lost all protective activity. the protective effect of t-cell-enriched ... | 1988 | 2898430 |
| improved method for high-yield excystation and purification of infective sporozoites of eimeria spp. | this report describes a new, gentle procedure for rapid and efficient excystation of large numbers of infective sporozoites of eimeria vermiformis and eimeria stiedai. excysted sporozoites are purified using modifications of a previously described ion-exchange chromatography method. the procedure avoids physical breakage of oocysts and results in greater than 70% recovery of the sporozoites present as sporulated oocysts (i.e. 5-6 sporozoites per sporulated oocyst). the recovered sporozoites are ... | 1988 | 3058952 |
| the effect of protease inhibitors on eimeria vermiformis invasion of cultured cells. | | 1988 | 3170075 |
| resistance to infection with eimeria vermiformis in mouse radiation chimeras is determined by donor bone-marrow cells. | the course of infection with eimeria vermiformis was determined in balb/b, balb/c, and c57bl/10scsn (b10) mice and in radiation chimeras prepared from the h-2-compatible balb/b and b10 mice. the balb strains, irrespective of h-2 haplotype, were resistant, the b10 mice were susceptible, and in the chimeras infection was characterized by the genotype of the donated bone-marrow cells and not by the phenotype of the recipient. thus, the genetic control of relative resistance or susceptibility to inf ... | 1988 | 3281912 |
| immunity to coccidiosis: adoptive transfer in nih mice challenged with eimeria vermiformis. | the development of a reliable model for the adoptive transfer of immunity to coccidiosis (infection with eimeria vermiformis in nih mice) is described. more than 10(8) of a mixture of spleen and mesenteric lymph node (mln) cells, given either intravenously or intraperitoneally, were required to transfer a significant degree of protection. dividing cells, present in the donors at 10 or 14 days after priming, but not at 5 or 19 days, were shown to be the effectors. when examined separately, mln ce ... | 1988 | 3353129 |
| eimerian life cycles: the patency of eimeria vermiformis, but not eimeria pragensis, is subject to host (mus musculus) influence. | the ability of eimeria vermiformis and eimeria pragensis to produce oocysts in primary infections is influenced by host factors. oocyst production and the duration of patency were determined for each species in: nih mice, normal or immunosuppressed (by x-irradiation or injection of cortisone acetate), and strains of mice: nu/+, nu/nu; balb/c, c57bl/6 known (e. vermiformis), or suspected (e. pragensis), to be of contrasting susceptibility to infection. the effect of induced or genetic susceptibil ... | 1986 | 3493338 |
| host specificity in eimerian coccidia: development of eimeria vermiformis of the mouse, mus musculus, in rattus norvegicus. | the ability of eimeria vermiformis, a coccidium which normally parasitizes the mouse, to develop in rats was investigated. the rowett strain (lac: rnu) rats were euthymic (rnu/+), treated or untreated with cortisone acetate, and athymic (rnu/rnu). e. vermiformis completed its development only in rnu/rnu rats, which passed small numbers of oocysts capable of sporulating and infecting c57bl/6 mice. in the rnu/+ rats, irrespective of cortisone treatment, development appeared to terminate with the c ... | 1985 | 4011319 |
| susceptibility to coccidiosis: contrasting course of primary infections with eimeria vermiformis in balb/c and c57/bl/6 mice is based on immune responses. | the effects of three immunosuppressive treatments--whole body irradiation and injections of cortisone acetate or cyclophosphamide, on the course of primary infections with eimeria vermiformis were investigated in 'resistant' balb/c and 'susceptible' c57bl/6 mice. immunosuppression (and the nude athymic mutation in balb/c mice) resulted in increased reproduction of the parasite in both strains of mice, indicating some immunological control of primary infections. the effect was, however, very much ... | 1985 | 4069741 |
| eimeria vermiformis: host strains and the developmental cycle. | after confirmatory studies of the endogenous development of eimeria vermiformis in hybrid mice, a comparison, both qualitative and quantitative, was made of the developmental cycle of the parasite in two strains of host of contrasting susceptibility. no differences were apparent between the resistant, balb/c, and susceptible, c57bl/6, during the first 5 days of the cycle. thereafter, more parasites were seen in the c57bl/6, they were more widely distributed along the intestine, and they persiste ... | 1985 | 4076384 |
| the life cycle of eimeria vermiformis ernst, chobotar and hammond, 1971 in the mouse mus musculus. | | 1971 | 4933219 |
| completion of the life cycle of eimeria vermiformis ernst, chobotar, and hammond, 1971, from the mouse, mus musculus, in dexamethasone-treated rats, rattus norvegicus. | | 1972 | 5022878 |
| the oocysts of eimeria vermiformis sp. n. and e. papillata sp. n. (protozoa: eimeriidae) from the mouse mus musculus. | | 1971 | 5104609 |
| development of the asexual cycle of eimeria vermiformis ernst, chobotar, and hammond, 1971, from the mouse, mus musculus, in dexamethasone-treated rats, rattus norvegicus. | | 1971 | 5133893 |
| transmission electron microscopy of meront development of eimeria vermiformis ernst, chobotar and hammond, 1971 (apicomplexa, eucoccidiorida) in the mouse, mus musculus. | first and second generation meronts of eimeria vermiformis developed in epithelial cells of the crypts of lieberkühn. they were usually between the host cell nucleus and the basement membrane. sporozoite organelles dedifferentiated with the first generation meront's development except for the refractile body and the apical complex, which persisted. after several nuclear divisions, the apical complex dedifferentiated further until only micronemes remained attached by a duct system to the plasmale ... | 1984 | 6470984 |
| pathological changes and immunity associated with experimental eimeria vermiformis infections in mus musculus. | pathological changes and immunity induced by eimeria vermiformis (ernst, chobotar & hammond, 1971) were studied in outbred swiss mice inoculated with 5000, 10,000, 20,000, or 40,000 oocysts. cross immunity to e. ferrisi was also studied. in the case of e. vermiformis, mortality was dose dependent; most deaths were observed in the intermediate-dose groups. most deaths also correlated with peak oocyst output. histopathologic changes consisted of an early neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltratio ... | 1984 | 6512725 |
| susceptibility to coccidiosis: effect of strain of mouse on reproduction of eimeria vermiformis. | the reproduction of eimeria vermiformis in different strains of phenotypically normal mice and in mice with various immunological characteristics or defects was compared. in some strains of phenotypically normal mice there were marked differences in oocyst production, both in terms of numbers and in the duration of patency, allowing the strains to be classified as resistant or susceptible to infection with e. vermiformis. these differences were apparent only in primary infections; both types of ... | 1984 | 6709395 |
| transmission electron microscopy of intracellular sporozoites of eimeria vermiformis (apicomplexa, eucoccidiida) in the mouse. | sporozoites of eimeria vermiformis from the mouse were first seen in the epithelial cells of villus tips and the crypts of lieberkühn four hours after inoculation (hai). they were always within a parasitophorous vacuole. by 12 hai, most were in crypt epithelial cells between the basement membrane and host cell nucleus. the sporozoites in the villus tips had 26 subpellicular microtubules, two polar rings, two preconoidal rings, two refractile bodies surrounded by amylopectin-like granules, a lame ... | 1983 | 6864592 |
| first asexual generation of eimeria vermiformis ernst, chobotar, and hammond, 1971 in mus musculus. | | 1982 | 7175619 |
| decreased predator avoidance in parasitized mice: neuromodulatory correlates. | although parasites are reported to alter host responses to predators, little is known about the neurochemical mechanisms involved. using an odour preference test, we examined the effects of an acute, subclinical infection with the naturally occurring, single host, enteric protozoan parasite, eimeria vermiformis, on the responses of male laboratory mice, mus musculus, to a predator. uninfected mice avoided the odour of a predatory cat, spending a minimal amount of time in a y-maze in the vicinity ... | 1995 | 7567094 |
| cytotoxic effects of natural killer cells have no significant role in controlling infection with the intracellular protozoon eimeria vermiformis. | the course of infection with eimeria vermiformis in c57bl/6j; nk cell-defective c57bl/6j bg/bg; balb/c; t-cell-defective balb/c nu/nu; and t-cell-, b-cell-, and nk cell-defective balb/c x c57bl/6 scid/scid bg/bg mice was monitored. for young c57bl/6j mice, the bg/bg mutants consistently produced fewer oocysts than the controls; there were no differences between older mice of these strains. wild-type balb/c mice were more resistant to infection than the nu/nu and scid/scid bg/bg mutants, but ther ... | 1995 | 7642311 |
| discrimination by female mice between the odours of parasitized and non-parasitized males. | the detection and avoidance of parasitized males has been proposed to be a component of female mate choice. we investigated whether or not female laboratory mice, mus musculus domesticus, could discriminate between parasitized and non-parasitized males on the basis of odour. female mice were given a choice between the urine and other odorous secretions of either a male mouse sub-clinically infected for five days with the naturally occurring, enteric, single host, protozoan parasite, eimeria verm ... | 1995 | 7644547 |
| the role of natural killer cells in resistance to coccidiosis: investigations in a murine model. | natural killer (nk) activity, detected by the lysis of yac-1 target cells, was examined in splenic and mesenteric lymph node (mln) cells throughout the course of infection with eimeria vermiformis in balb/c and c57b1/6 (b6) mice. these strains are, respectively, relatively resistant and susceptible to primary infections, which render them equally, and completely, resistant to challenge. resting levels of nk activity were higher in b6 than in balb/c, and b6 responded earlier in the course of infe ... | 1994 | 8050176 |
| immunity to coccidiosis: genetic influences on lymphocyte and cytokine responses to infection with eimeria vermiformis in inbred mice. | cellular and cytokine responses to infection with eimeria vermiformis were compared in balb/c (resistant) and c57bl/6 (b6-susceptible) inbred mice. cellular responses in the mesenteric lymph node (mln) occurred sooner after primary infection in the resistant balb/c strain. in contrast, proliferative responses occurred earlier after challenge in b6 mice. resting levels of cd4 + ve and cd8 + ve t-lymphocytes in the mln differed between the two strains but the relative numbers of each subset remain ... | 1993 | 8094547 |
| interactions between infections with eimeria spp. and trichinella spiralis in inbred mice. | parasitological and immunological interactions between eimeria vermiformis or e. pragensis and trichinella spiralis were investigated during concurrent infections in nih, balb/c and b10.g inbred mice. the establishment of t. spiralis was unaffected by the presence of either coccidium, but expulsion of adult worms was delayed significantly in mice infected with e. vermiformis; e. pragensis did not have this effect. replication of e. vermiformis was enhanced in concurrent infections with t. spiral ... | 1994 | 8152857 |
| parasite infection attenuates nonopioid mediated predator-induced analgesia in mice. | parasites have been shown to have a broad range of effects on host behavior, including alterations of host responses to predators. response to the threat of predation consist of a number of defensive behaviors, including a reduction in pain sensitivity and the induction of analgesia. the present study examined the relationships between subclinical (i.e., nonpathological) infection with the naturally occurring, enteric, sporozoan (coccidian) parasite, eimeria vermiformis, predator exposure, and n ... | 1994 | 8190769 |
| multiple opioid system involvement in the mediation of parasitic-infection induced analgesia. | although parasite modification of host behaviour is well established, little is known about the mechanisms underlying such effects. the present study examined the relationships between subclinical infection with the enteric sporozoan parasite, eimeria vermiformis, nociceptive responses and endogenous opioid systems in male mice. infected mice displayed significant analgesia which increased through the prepatent period [oocyst formation (pre-infective); days 1-7 post-infection (pi)], reached a ma ... | 1993 | 8221115 |
| immunization against experimental coccidiosis produces contrasting results in inbred mice of differing susceptibility to infection. | pretreatment of inbred mice with intravenous and/or intraperitoneal injection of an antigen prepared from sporozoites of eimeria vermiformis modulated the course of infection with the parasite in a manner that depended on the resistance-susceptibility phenotype of the host. mice with a resistant background (balb) produced more oocysts and those with a susceptible background (c57bl) produced fewer oocysts than their respective controls. the optimum conditions for producing these effects were esta ... | 1994 | 8300235 |
| dynamic response of murine gut intraepithelial t cells after infection by the coccidian parasite eimeria. | the response of murine intraepithelial lymphocyte (iel) populations to challenge by eimeria vermiformis, a naturally occurring protozoan parasite of the gut epithelium, has been studied. the number of recoverable iel increased within 3 days post infection, was depleted by day 7 post infection, but was significantly increased again by about day 14 post infection. special attention was paid to gamma delta+ iel t cells, because they are of unknown functions. these cells showed changes in numbers si ... | 1993 | 8405056 |
| evidence for involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in altered nociceptive responses of mice infected with eimeria vermiformis. | parasite modification of host behavior is a well established phenomenon; however, little is known about the modulatory mechanisms regulating such effects. this study examined the relationship between eimeria vermiformis infection, nociceptive responses, and endogenous opioid peptide activity in male rml mice. infected mice displayed increases in centrally mediated antinociceptive responses (i.e., analgesia, measured as the latency of a foot-lifting response to a 50 c surface) throughout the prep ... | 1993 | 8410548 |
| responses to vaccination in strains of mice that differ in susceptibility to coccidiosis. | balb/c mice are normally resistant to infection with eimeria vermiformis than c57bl/6 (b6) mice, but these phenotypes were reversed by prior vaccination with crude antigens prepared from developmental stages of the parasite: b6 mice were protected, and balb/c mice were made more susceptible. infections with a heterologous species, e. pragensis, were unaffected when this was given either alone or together with e. vermiformis. in both strains of mice, vaccination induced serum antibody responses t ... | 1996 | 8557347 |
| comparison of four murine eimeria species in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. | factors associated with immune-mediated protection against coccidial parasites were examined in a series of experiments utilizing immunocompromised scid/scid(scid) and scid/scid.beige/beige(scid/bg) mice, as well as immunocompetent balb/c mice. number of oocysts produced per g feces each day and prepatent and patent periods were assessed for 4 eimerian parasites (eimeria papillata, eimeria vermiformis, eimeria falciformis, and eimeria ferrisi) using the 3 murine strains. the number of infections ... | 1996 | 8604093 |
| passive immunization against somatostatin increases resistance to eimeria vermiformis infection in susceptible mice. | the effect of in vivo immunoneutralization of somatostatin (srif) on eimeria vermiformis intestinal infection was studied in resistant (balb/c), and susceptible (c57bl/6) mouse strains. an anti-srif monoclonal antibody (mab-srif) was used to passively immunize the mice by intraperitoneal injection. the animals were subsequently orally infected with oocysts of e. vermiformis. individual fecal samples were collected daily for 21 days to monitor the kinetics of oocyst shedding. the fecal oocyst she ... | 1996 | 8654044 |
| the effect of bcg, zymosan and coxiella burnetti extract on eimeria infections. | infection of animals with species of eimeria induces a hyper-reactivity to endotoxin as manifest by a greatly increased capacity of infected animals to produce tnf in response to lps in vivo compared with uninfected animals. this finding indicates priming for hyperactivation of macrophages by eimeria infection and raises the possibility that non-specific triggering of macrophages by agents such as bacille calmette-guerin (bcg), zymosan or coxiella burnetti extract may be a simple means of contro ... | 1996 | 8872185 |
| t-cell alpha beta + and gamma delta + deficient mice display abnormal but distinct phenotypes toward a natural, widespread infection of the intestinal epithelium. | vertebrate immune systems contain t cells bearing either alpha beta or gamma delta t-cell antigen receptors (tcrs). alpha beta t cells perform all well-characterized t-cell effector functions, while the biological functions of gamma delta + cells remain unclear. of particular interest is the role of gamma delta + cells during epithelial infections, since gamma delta + cells are commonly abundant within epithelia. eimeria spp. are intracellular protozoa that infect epithelia of most vertebrates, ... | 1996 | 8876213 |
| t-cell receptor gamma--delta lymphocytes and eimeria vermiformis infection. | the role of t-cell receptor gamma--delta t lymphocytes in coccidiosis was examined by determining the course of infection with eimeria vermiformis in balb/c mice depleted of gamma--delta lymphocytes by treatment with gl3 monoclonal antibody. the replication of the parasite in primary infections was not greatly, or consistently, affected by this treatment, and there was no correlation between the extent of depletion of small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and the number of oocysts produce ... | 1996 | 8890252 |
| oral vaccination against coccidiosis: responses in strains of mice that differ in susceptibility to infection with eimeria vermiformis. | four strains of mice with different susceptibilities to eimeria vermiformis were orally dosed with a crude antigen prepared from sporulated oocysts of the parasite, with or without cholera toxin as adjuvant. the effect on subsequent challenge infections depended on the resistance and susceptibility phenotypes of the host: oocyst production was reduced in susceptible c57bl/6 and nih mice but increased in resistant balb/c and c3h mice. despite this contrast, no fundamental differences were detecte ... | 1997 | 9125565 |
| beta-(1-->3, 1-->4) oat glucan enhances resistance to eimeria vermiformis infection in immunosuppressed mice. | the effect of intragastrically or parenterally administered beta-glucan, extracted from oats, on the enhancement of disease resistance to eimeria vermiformis was studied in c57bl/6 mice. groups of mice were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone (dxm), infected with oocysts of e. vermiformis and treated with oat beta-glucan by the intragastric (i.g.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. faecal oocyst shedding was reduced in the beta-glucan-treated groups compared to the non-treated group. immunosuppresse ... | 1997 | 9138036 |
| parasitized female mice display reduced aversive responses to the odours of infected males. | the present study showed that parasites influence both the responses of uninfected females to males and the responses of female hosts to infected males. in female laboratory mice one of the consequences of exposure to the olfactory cues associated with an infected male was a reduction of the reactivity to a thermal surface, i.e. pain inhibition or analgaesia. uninfected oestrous and non-oestrous female mice displayed marked analgaesic responses after exposure to the odours of males infected with ... | 1998 | 9684376 |
| immunomodulatory effects of oat beta-glucan administered intragastrically or parenterally on mice infected with eimeria vermiformis. | the immunostimulatory effect of intragastrically or parenterally administered beta-(1-->3; 1-->4) glucan, extracted from oats (obetag), on disease resistance to eimeria vermiformis was studied in c57bl/6 mice. multiple administrations of obetag by intragastric or subcutaneous routes reduced fecal oocyst shedding compared to the non-treated control group. the administration of obetag by subcutaneous route resulted in higher levels of total serum immunoglobulins and antigen (sporozoite and merozoi ... | 1998 | 9688080 |
| genetic analysis of the essential components of the immunoprotective response to infection with eimeria vermiformis. | the immune responses generated after infection with eimeria spp. are complex, include both cellular and humoral components, and lead to protection against re-infection. to facilitate the rational development of the next generation of anticoccidial vaccines it is important that the nature of the immunoprotective response against infection with eimeria spp. is determined. in this brief report we discuss results that were obtained using a combination of genetic and cellular approaches to dissect th ... | 1998 | 9724877 |
| spatial and discrimination learning in rodents infected with the nematode strongyloides ratti. | recent work has shown that mice with subclinical parasitic infections suffer impaired spatial learning and memory, as assayed in an open-field water maze. although the mechanism underlying this effect is not clear, the phenomenon has been reported following infection with both a protozoan parasite (eimeria vermiformis) and a gastrointestinal nematode (heligmosomoides polygyrus). in a variety of experiments, we examined the effects of a different gastrointestinal nematode, strongyloides ratti, on ... | 1998 | 9778637 |
| immune responses to intestinal parasites: protection, pathology and prophylaxis. | aspects of the immune responses made by hosts to infection with intestinal parasites are discussed in relation to data from experimental systems in mice involving infections with the protozoans eimeria vermiformis and cryptosporidium spp., and the nematodes nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichinella spiralis. the focus of the review is our knowledge and understanding of the roles played by the intestinal mucosa and the epithelial cells of the mucosa in the induction, regulation and expression ... | 1997 | 9802078 |
| vaccination against coccidiosis: host strain-dependent evocation of protective and suppressive subsets of murine lymphocytes. | balb/c mice are normally more resistant than c57bl/6 (b6) mice to infection with eimeria vermiformis, but these phenotypes can be reversed by oral or parenteral vaccination with a crude antigen prepared from the parasite. treatment of mice with antibodies specific for cd4+ or cd8+ t cells showed that the increased susceptibility of vaccinated balb/c mice was associated with the presence of cd4+ t cells. this finding was confirmed when the recipients of cd4+ t cells selected from the mesenteric l ... | 2000 | 10760182 |
| genetic dissection of primary and secondary responses to a widespread natural pathogen of the gut, eimeria vermiformis. | because most pathogens initially challenge the body at epithelial surfaces, it is important to dissect the mechanisms that underlie t-cell responses to infected epithelial cells in vivo. the coccidian parasites of the genus eimeria are protozoan gut pathogens that elicit a potent, protective immune response in a wide range of host species. cd4+ alpha beta t cells and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) are centrally implicated in the primary immunoprotective response. to define any additional requireme ... | 2000 | 11035735 |
| an alphabeta t-cell-independent immunoprotective response towards gut coccidia is supported by gammadelta cells. | although gammadelta cells are commonly hypothesized to provide a 'first line of defence', gammadelta-cell-deficient mice are generally only marginally more susceptible to pathogens. because gammadelta cells are enriched within epithelia, it is important to resolve whether immunoprotective capacity towards epithelial-tropic pathogens is absent from the gammadelta-cell compartment, or whether such activity is present but simply redundant with that of alphabeta t cells. in this work, following infe ... | 2000 | 11106935 |
| effects of dietary protein types on immune responses and levels of infection with eimeria vermiformis in mice. | the present study reports the dietary effects of bovine alpha whey fraction, bovine casein and soy protein isolate on the immune responsiveness of c57bl/6j mice infected with eimeria vermiformis. during the patent period, mice fed alpha whey fraction had significantly higher blood total white cell, cd4+ and cd8+ lymphocyte counts and higher con a-stimulated ifn-gamma production by spleen cells than those fed other protein sources, but there was no significant difference in output of faecal oocys ... | 2001 | 11168619 |
| beta-glucan, extracted from oat, enhances disease resistance against bacterial and parasitic infections. | the effect of beta-glucan, extracted from oats, on the enhancement of resistance to infections caused by staphylococcus aureus and eimeria vermiformis was studied in mice. in vitro study using macrophages isolated from the peritoneal cavity showed that beta-glucan treatment significantly enhanced phagocytic activity. in vivo study further demonstrated that beta-glucan treatment induced a significant (p<0.05) protection against the challenge with 5 x 10(8) of s. aureus in mice. fecal oocyst shedd ... | 2003 | 12589959 |
| age-dependent requirement for gammadelta t cells in the primary but not secondary protective immune response against an intestinal parasite. | between weaning (3 wk of age) and adulthood (7 wk of age), mice develop increased resistance to infection with eimeria vermiformis, an abundant intestinal parasite that causes coccidiosis. this development of resistance was perturbed in t cell receptor (tcr)delta(-/-) mice, which at 4 wk of age remained largely susceptible to infection and prone to infection-associated dehydration. these phenotypes were rescued by the repopulation of gammadelta cells after adoptive transfer of lymphoid progenito ... | 2003 | 14597739 |
| ponazuril inhibits the development of eimeria vermiformis in experimentally infected outbred swiss mice. | we evaluated a 15% paste formulation of ponazuril in outbred swiss mice that were experimentally infected with eimeria vermiformis. thirty, 8-week-old female mice (approximately 20 g) were placed in one group of 10 mice and one group of 20 mice. mice in both groups were gavaged with approximately 5,000 sporulated oocysts of e. vermiformis on day 0. mice in group 2 (n=10) were treated orally on days 3 and 4 with ponazuril (suspended in 30% propylene glycol) at the rate of 20 mg/kg. mice in group ... | 2004 | 15616859 |
| peyer's patches are required for the induction of rapid th1 responses in the gut and mesenteric lymph nodes during an enteric infection. | the peyer's patches (pp) and mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) are structural components of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues and contribute to the induction of immune responses toward infection in the gastrointestinal tract. these secondary lymphoid organs provide structural organization for efficient cellular interactions and the initiation of primary adaptive immune responses against infection. immunity against primary infection with the enteric apicomplexan parasite, eimeria vermiformis, depend ... | 2006 | 16751400 |
| intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes sustain the epithelial barrier function against eimeria vermiformis infection. | eimeria spp. are intracellular protozoa that infect intestinal epithelia of most vertebrates, causing coccidiosis. intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) that reside at the basolateral site of epithelial cells (ec) have immunoregulatory and immunoprotective roles against eimeria spp. infection. however, it remains unknown how iel are involved in the regulation of epithelial barrier during eimeria sp. infection. here, we demonstrated two distinct roles of iel against infection with eimeria ... | 2006 | 16926423 |
| increased intestinal endotoxin absorption during enteric nematode but not protozoal infections through a mast cell-mediated mechanism. | it is known that hypersensitivity reactions in the gastrointestinal tract, which are primarily mediated by mast cells, are associated with a secretory response of the epithelium and often increased permeability to macromolecules. studies to date have not examined the effects of hyperpermeability on the absorption of toxic substances normally present in the intestinal lumen such as bacterial lps. in the present study, we observed that strongyloides venezuelensis infection in mice decreases the mr ... | 2008 | 17998888 |
| eimeria vermiformis infection reduces goblet cells by multiplication in the crypt cells of the small intestine of c57bl/6 mice. | in the gastrointestinal mucosa, mucus produced by goblet cells plays an important role in the defense against various pathogens. it is well known that some helminth parasites are able to up-regulate goblet cell numbers and alter the mucus components. however, the nature of the interactions between the protozoan parasites and goblet cells is still unclear. to clarify this point, we examined the goblet cell response in the small intestinal epithelium in c57bl/6 mice with eimeria vermiformis infect ... | 2009 | 19005680 |
| suppression of airway inflammation by a natural acute infection of the intestinal epithelium. | although chronic intestinal helminth infections may suppress allergen-induced airway pathology by inducing a combination of modified t-helper (th) 2 and immunosuppressive cytokines, a similar capacity of natural acute intestinal infections has remained untested, despite their global prevalence. here, we show that allergic airway phenotypes including eosinophilia, eotaxin mrna, and th2 cytokines are significantly suppressed in animals that were infected by and that have cleared the intestinal par ... | 2009 | 19129755 |
| immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effects of garlic extract on eimeria vermiformis-infected mice. | we investigated the immunomodulatory and parasiticidal effects of garlic extract on coccidiosis caused by eimeria vermiformis infection in male icr mice. one group received garlic extract daily until the end of the experiment by the oral route from 10 days prior to oral infection with 300 sporulated e. vermiformis oocysts (infected-garlic(+)). the other group served as a control positive with e. vermiformis infection alone (infected-garlic(-)). in the infected-garlic(+) group, garlic extract tre ... | 2015 | 25895065 |