| cloning and sequencing of duck circovirus (ducv). | the genome of duck circovirus (ducv) is circular and 1996 nts in size. two major open reading frames were identified, encoding the replicase (v1) and the capsid protein (c1). a stem-loop structure comprising the nonamer 5'-tattattac, conserved in all circo-, nano- and geminiviruses, was found. unique to ducv, the region between the 3'-ends of the rep and cap gene contains four repeats of a 44-bp sequence. phylogenetic analysis shows close relation of ducv with goose circovirus and suggests class ... | 2003 | 14648300 |
| diagnosis of duck circovirus infections by conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction tests. | development of the first conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests for the diagnoses of duck circovirus (ducv) infections is described. both tests amplified a 230 bp fragment specific to the ducv rep gene. although both tests had the same detection limit (13 x 10(3) target dna/ml) when the target dna was diluted in water, the detection limit of the real-time test (13 x 10(4) target dna/ml) was 10-fold less than the conventional test (13 x 10(5) target dna/ml) when the ampl ... | 2005 | 16537165 |
| identification of a novel circovirus in australian ravens (corvus coronoides) with feather disease. | the complete genome of a novel circovirus isolated from an australian raven (corvus coronoides) with feather lesions similar to those that occur in psittacine beak and feather disease is reported. degenerate polymerase chain reaction primers were designed to amplify and sequence novel circovirus dna from affected feathers. sequence analysis indicated that the tentatively named raven circovirus (racv) was 1898 nucleotides in size with two major open reading frames synonymous with other avian circ ... | 2006 | 16595298 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction procedure for detection and differentiation of duck and goose circovirus. | this article reports the complete nucleotide sequences of four duck circovirus (ducv) isolates from sick ducks in taiwan and development of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection and differentiation of goose circovirus (gocv) and ducv. sequence comparison showed that taiwanese ducv isolates had 82.5%-83.8% nucleotide sequence identity to the german and north american ducv isolates. this is the first report on the presence of ducv and its associated diseases outside germany. a pcr test w ... | 2006 | 16617989 |
| genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial pekin ducks in new york. | the genetic organization of the duck circovirus (ducv) 33753-52 detected in commercial pekin duck flocks from long island, ny, is described. the nucleotide sequence of virus 33753-52 exhibited high similarity with ducvs previously detected in germany and hungary. it is possible that this ducv from new york shares the same ancestor with the european counterparts. the virus 33753-52 exhibited genetic features characteristic of other circoviruses, such as the presence of two major open reading fram ... | 2007 | 17461272 |
| [genome cloning and sequence analysis of duck circovirus]. | to reveal the molecular biological characteristics of genome of circovirus in infected ducks, two nucleotide fragments were amplified by overlapping pcrs using dna extracted from various tissues of ducks. after they had been assembled together, the nucleotide components, the genome organization and the phylogenetic scale of the sequence were analyzed. the results showed that the obtained sequence is a circular dna with a total length of 1995nt. it contains 6 open reading frames (orfs), and share ... | 2008 | 18533346 |
| an investigation of duck circovirus and co-infection in cherry valley ducks in shandong province, china. | the co-infection of duck circovirus (ducv) with riemerella anatipestifer (ra) or/and escherichia coli (e. coli) or/and duck hepatitis virus i (dhv-i) in cherry valley ducks in china's shandong province was investigated by using polymerase-chain-reaction (pcr)-based methods. for this study, 742 ducks sampled at random from 70 duck farms during 2006-2007 were examined using pcr and dot-blot hybridisation (dbh) tests. overall the ducv infection rate was 33.29%. compared with those at 2 weeks of age ... | 2009 | 18760549 |
| development of an indirect elisa for the detection of duck circovirus infection in duck flocks. | infection with duck circovirus (ducv) is associated with growth retardation and developmental problems in farmed ducks. to detect ducv-specific antibody in duck serum, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) method was developed using the recombinant capsid protein antigen prepared by cloning the cap (cap) gene of ducv fj0601 strain into pet-32a (+) vector and expressed in escherichia coli. using the optimized ielisa method, ducv-specific antibodies were detected in 157 (12.96%) o ... | 2010 | 20409651 |
| detection of duck circovirus in china: a proposal on genotype classification. | since the first description of duck circovirus (ducv)-associated disease, there are several reports about the distribution of the disease. however, the information regarding the genetic variation of ducv in recent years is unclear. in the present study, the complete genomic sequences of 9 ducv strains, which were obtained by pcr screening from 90 dead or diseased ducks collected from different regions in china between 2008 and 2010, were determined and compared with previously available ducv seq ... | 2011 | 20709471 |
| genetic diversity and genotype analysis of duck circovirus. | to investigate the genetic diversity and genotype of duck circovirus (ducv), nine full-length ducv genomes were determined from clinical samples. multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed on the nine viral genome sequences as well as on 27 genome sequences retrieved from the genbank database. pairwise analysis showed that the determined genome sequences have a genome organization identical to the 27 sequences and share 83.3%-99.8% identity among themselves and 82.6%-99 ... | 2011 | 21793450 |
| the development of a rapid sybr green i-based quantitative pcr for detection of duck circovirus. | this report describes a one-step real-time polymerase chain reaction assay based on sybr green i for detection of a broad range of duck circovirus (ducv). align with all ducv complete genome sequences and other genus circovirus download from the genbank (such as goose circovirus, pigeon circovirus), the primers targets to the replicate gene of ducv were designed. the detection assay was linear in the range of 1.31 × 102-1.31 × 107 copies/μl. the reaction efficiency of the assay using the slope ( ... | 2011 | 21978576 |
| Epidemiological investigation and genome analysis of duck circovirus in Southern China. | Duck circovirus (DuCV), a potential immunosuppressive virus, was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method. In this study, a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of ~35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40~60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. F ... | 2011 | 21979568 |
| a new duck circovirus sequence, detected in velvet scoter (melanitta fusca) supports great diversity among this species of virus. | the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of circoviruses in wild bird populations, in poland. circoviruses possess immuno-suppressive properties and might interfere with the health of wild birds. | 2015 | 26253134 |
| occurrence of reovirus infection in muscovy ducks (cairina moschata) in south western poland. | during the summer 2012 an incidence of high mortality, above 44 percent, in two flocks of muscovy ducklings in poland was noted. the clinical signs included considerable weight loss and inability to walk. during the post-mortem evaluations dehydration and enteritis, gouty kidneys as well as hemorrhagic liver and spleen lesions were found. the laboratory diagnosis included agar gel precipitation assay (agp) as well as polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or reverse transcription pcr for the presence o ... | 2014 | 24988856 |
| astroviruses associated with stunting and pre-hatching mortality in duck and goose embryos. | the first detection of avian nephritis virus (anv) in goose embryos and of turkey astrovirus-1 (tastv-1) in duck embryos is described. intestinal samples from duck and goose embryos from five duck and four goose flocks in croatia were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of anv, tastv-1, turkey astrovirus-2, chicken astrovirus, duck astrovirus and also for the presence of avian reovirus, derzsy's disease virus and duck enteritis virus. the kidneys from duck and goose embryos were ... | 2012 | 22845326 |
| propagation of viruses infecting waterfowl on continuous cell lines of muscovy duck (cairina moschata) origin. | duck circovirus, duck hepatitis a virus 1, goose parvovirus and goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus are economically damaging pathogens of waterfowl, and replicate poorly or not at all in established cell lines. age1.cr, age1.cr.pix and age1.cs cell lines, originating from the muscovy duck, were tested for their suitability to isolate and identify these viruses. immunofluorescence (if) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction investigations verified that all cell lines are permissive for all four ... | 2014 | 24992264 |
| gexp analyzer-based multiplex reverse-transcription pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eleven duck viruses. | duck viral pathogens primarily include the avian influenza virus (aiv) subtypes h5, h7, and h9; duck hepatitis virus (dhv); duck tembusu virus (dtmuv); egg drop syndrome virus (edsv); duck enteritis virus (dev); newcastle disease virus (ndv); duck circovirus (ducv); muscovy duck reovirus (mdrv); and muscovy duck parvovirus (mdpv). these pathogens cause great economic losses to china's duck breeding industry. | 2015 | 26518004 |
| genome sequences of a novel recombinant duck circovirus in china. | in this study, yn26/2013, a novel recombinant duck circovirus (ducv), was isolated from a muscovy duck in yunnan province, southern china. the whole genome of yn26/2013 consists of 1,987 nucleotides (nt), the same genomic size as that of the ducv-2 genotype. however, yn26/2013 shares 91.5 to 94.3% nucleotide identity similarity with previously reported type i (ducv-1) viruses. importantly, a novel putative recombinant event between ducv-1 and ducv-2 was identified as occurring within the 987- to ... | 2016 | 27795286 |
| characterization of the nuclear localization signals of duck circovirus replication proteins. | duck circovirus (ducv) possess a circular, single-stranded dna genome that requires the replication protein (rep) for its replication. based on the viral genotype, there are two categories of rep proteins: rep1 and rep2. to characterize the nuclear localization signals (nlss) conferring the nuclear localization of the rep proteins, defined coding regions of the rep gene of two genotypes of ducv were cloned and co-expressed with the red fluorescent protein dsred2. the results showed that deleting ... | 2015 | 26666192 |
| molecular survey of duck circovirus infection in poultry in southern and southwestern china during 2018 and 2019. | duck circovirus (ducv) is a potential immunosuppressive virus that causes feather disorders in young ducks. in this study, ducv obtained from various species of ducks was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in southern and southwestern china (guangdong, guangxi and yunnan provinces) from 2018 to 2019. | 2020 | 32138728 |
| apoptosis triggered by orf3 proteins of the circoviridae family. | apoptosis, a form of the programmed cell death, is an indispensable defense mechanism regulating cellular homeostasis and is triggered by multiple stimuli. because of the regulation of apoptosis in cellular homeostasis, viral proteins with apoptotic activity are particular foci of on antitumor therapy. one representative viral protein is the open reading frame 3 (orf3) protein, also named as apoptin in the circoviridae chicken anemia virus (cav), and has the ability to induce tumor-specific apop ... | 2021 | 33604306 |
| first findings of duck circovirus in migrating wild ducks in china. | to probe the epidemiology of duck circovirus (ducv) in migrating wild ducks in china, 189 samples collected from 11 species of wild ducks from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed by pcr. four positive samples were obtained from mallard (2), green-winged teal (1), and falcated duck (1), and the positive rate was 2.12%. the homologous alignment of the complete genome shows that the homology of the wild duck strains is 81.6 to 95.1% to each other and 81.4 to 100% to the 32 strains from other origins. amino ... | 2018 | 29519527 |
| development of a pcr assay for detection and differentiation of muscovy duck and goose parvoviruses based on ns gene characterization. | muscovy duck parvovirus (mdpv) and goose parvovirus (gpv) have both been found to cause high mortality and morbidity in muscovy ducklings. specific detection is often rife with false positives due to high identity at the genomic nucleotide level and antigenic similarity between mdpvs and gpvs. in this study, significantly variable regions were found, via non-structural (ns) comparison, between mdpv and gpv ns genes; however, ns genes were conserved within the mdpv and gpv groups. a polymerase ch ... | 2018 | 30298830 |
| evaluation of a novel inactivated vaccine against duck circovirus in muscovy ducks. | duck circovirus (ducv), an immunosuppressive pathogen, causes serious damage to waterfowls worldwide. a highly efficient vaccine would play a crucial role in preventing ducv infections in the waterfowl breeding industry. however, to date, there is a dearth of commercial vaccines owing to the lack of a cell culture system for propagating the requisite virus amounts in vitro. in this study, we isolated ducvs from muscovy ducks, helped them proliferate using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc ... | 2020 | 31928707 |
| prokaryotic expression of a codon-optimized capsid gene from duck circovirus and its application to an indirect elisa. | duck circovirus (ducv), as a causative agent of long-term immunosuppressive disease, has caused heavy damage to waterfowl breeding worldwide. in this study, the full-length cap (capsid) gene of ducv was expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli) for the first time by optimizing the codons in its nuclear localization signal (nls) regions. the recombinant protein was expressed as inclusion bodies, and the quantification of purified cap protein could reach 0.29mgml(-1). moreover, an indirect elisa met ... | 2017 | 28501472 |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of virulent and attenuated strains of duck plague virus. | sequence analysis of duck plague virus (dpv) revealed that there was a 528bp (b fragment) deletion within the ul2 gene of dpv attenuated vaccine strain in comparison with field virulent strains. the finding of gene deletion provides a potential differentiation test between dpv virulent strain and attenuated strain based on their ul2 gene sizes. thus we developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeting to the dpv ul2 gene for simultaneous detection of dpv virulent strain and attenuated ... | 2017 | 28860100 |
| orf3 of duck circovirus: a novel protein with apoptotic activity. | duck circovirus (ducv) is classified in the genus circovirus of the circoviridae family. two major open reading frames (orfs), encoding the replicase (orf1/rep) and the capsid protein (orf2/cap), have been recognized for ducv. sequence analysis show that another major conserved orf (named orf3) is located in the complementary strand of orf1/rep of ducv, and its function remains to be investigated. in this study, the orf3 of ducv was expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected sf9 cells. by ifa ... | 2012 | 22537707 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of duck circovirus strains from cherry valley duck. | to investigate molecular epidemiology of ducv in cherry valley ducks in china, the complete genomes of six ducv strains, which were detected from cherry valley ducks in china between 2007 and 2008, were sequenced. sequence and phylogenetic analysis were carried out to compare these six strains with another 27 ducv strains from mulard duck, muscovy duck, pekin ducks and mule duck. the analysis showed that the six ducv strains exhibited typical genetic features of the family of ducv, such as a ste ... | 2012 | 22684469 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of a duck circovirus from guangxi pockmark ducks. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel duck circovirus (ducv) strain, gx1104, isolated from guangxi pockmark ducks in guangxi, china. the whole nucleotide sequence had the highest homology (97.2%) with the sequence of strain tc/2002 (genbank accession number ay394721.1) and had a low homology (76.8% to 78.6%) with the sequences of other strains isolated from china, germany, and the united states. this report will help to understand the epidemiology and molecular characteristics ... | 2012 | 23118461 |
| identification of two functional nuclear localization signals in the capsid protein of duck circovirus. | the capsid protein (cp) of duck circovirus (ducv) is the major immunogenic protein and has a high proportion of arginine residues concentrated at the n terminus of the protein, which inhibits efficient mrna translation in prokaryotic expression systems. in this study, we investigated the subcellular distribution of ducv cp expressed via recombinant baculoviruses in sf9 cells and the dna binding activities of the truncated recombinant ducv cps. the results showed that two independent bipartite nu ... | 2013 | 23174505 |
| complete genome sequence of the novel duck circovirus strain gh01 from southwestern china. | a novel duck circovirus (ducv) strain, designated gh01, was isolated from ducklings in southwestern china. we report the genome sequence of gh01 and the genomic organization and genetic relationship to other ducvs. the availability of the genome sequence will be helpful to investigations of epidemiology and the evolutionary biology of this organism and the development of preventive vaccines. | 2013 | 23405313 |
| identification, genotyping, and molecular evolution analysis of duck circovirus. | duck circovirus (ducv) is a contagious immunosuppressive virus affecting many duck species, which is responsible for multiple outbreaks in poultry industries worldwide. in this study, the first ducv isolate gh01 was identified in sichuan by pcr, which shared a high level of nucleotide identity (81.8-99.4%) with sequences of other ducv isolates available in genbank. comparative phylogenetic and pairwise sequence comparison analyses indicated that ducv could be divided into two genotypes (ducv-1 a ... | 2013 | 23932991 |
| genetic analysis of duck circovirus in pekin ducks from south korea. | the genetic organization of the 24 duck circovirus (ducv) strains detected in commercial pekin ducks from south korea between 2011 and 2012 is described in this study. multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed on the 24 viral genome sequences as well as on 45 genome sequences available from the genbank database. phylogenetic analyses based on the genomic and open reading frame 2/cap sequences demonstrated that all ducv strains belonged to genotype 1 and were designated ... | 2013 | 24135591 |
| cloning, expression and purification of duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) core protein and its use in the development of an indirect elisa for serologic detection of dhbv infection. | infecting ducks with duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) is widely accepted as a relevant model for studying aspects of human hbv infection. however, efficient and sensitive diagnostic methods for the various infection models are limited. in order to provide a more simple and convenient method for serologic diagnosis, we improved the production of recombinant dhbv viral capsid protein (core protein) and then used it to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting anti-dh ... | 2014 | 24158348 |
| prevalence of duck circovirus infection of subclinical pekin ducks in south korea. | an investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence and infection pattern of duck circovirus (ducv) in subclinical pekin ducks on south korean duck farms. a total of 147 samples collected from 92 duck farms in five provinces were examined from 2011 to 2012. the overall prevalence of ducv pcr-positive pooled bursa of fabricius and liver samples was 21.8% (32/147). the prevalence of ducv pcr-positive samples increased significantly in 3-week-old ducks compared with that in 1-week-old duck ... | 2014 | 24366154 |
| comments on duck circovirus (ducv) genotype definition. | a standardised methodology has been used to define genotypes based on pairwise sequence comparisons (pasc). pasc is a widely accepted method in virus taxonomy, which is based on the histogram of pairwised differences among sequences. recently, zhang et al. (2013) concluded that the average p-distance of duck circovirus (ducv) between genotypes 1 and 2 was 0.170, and subtype distance thresholds were 0.032 in ducv-1 and 0.018 in ducv-2, respectively. however, there might be some concerns on the me ... | 2014 | 24418697 |
| a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the visual detection of duck circovirus. | duck circovirus (ducv) infection in farmed ducks is associated with growth problems or retardation syndromes. rapid identification of ducv infected ducks is essential to control ducv effectively. therefore, this study aims to develop of an assay for ducv to be highly specific, sensitive, and simple without any specialized equipment. | 2014 | 24775810 |
| in vitro expression and development of indirect elisa for capsid protein of duck circovirus without nuclear localization signal. | duck circovirus was a newly discovered pathogen that causing ducks immunosuppression in recent years, but it can not been cultured in vitro that limited its depth study. in the present study, the cap gene that defect the nuclear localization signal (nls) of ducv was amplified and connected to the express vector pet-32a (+), to express the recombinant cap protein in the bacterium escherichia coli rosetta. the recombinant cap protein was purified and an indirect elisa method was developed based on ... | 2014 | 25197365 |
| evidence of possible vertical transmission of duck circovirus. | to test the hypothesis that duck circovirus (ducv) may be vertically transmitted from infected breeder ducks to their ducklings, we investigated 120 newly hatched ducklings, 30 dead duck embryos and 80 non-embryonated duck eggs with the duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). ducv dna was present in 15 newly hatched ducklings, 4 duck embryos and 3 non-embryonated eggs. four ducklings from two flocks were co-infected by ducv-1 and ducv-2, three ducklings from three flocks were ducv-1 single infec ... | 2014 | 25263494 |
| analysis of synonymous codon usage pattern in duck circovirus. | duck circovirus (ducv) disease causes a long-term immunosuppressive and multiple secondary infection in ducks. in this study, relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) values, nucleotide contents and effective number of codon (enc) values were calculated and compared among open reading frames (orfs) of 53 ducv genomes. the results reveal that most of the codons are ended with c and the overall bias is not remarkable in ducv. a comparative analysis of codon contents and enc values indicates that mut ... | 2015 | 25497833 |
| rescue of a duck circovirus from an infectious dna clone in ducklings. | duck circovirus may predispose the host to immunosuppression and may serve as an immunological trigger for further complicated disease progression. due to the lack of a cell culture system for propagating ducv, little is known regarding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of ducv. the aim of this study was to describe the construction and initial in vivo characterization of full-length dna clones of ducv (pic-mu2ducv) and its infectivity under in vivo conditions. | 2015 | 26025466 |
| [construction and identification of the bait vector containing duck circovirus cap gene for the yeast two-hybrid system]. | to construct a bait expression vector containing the duck circovirus cap gene for use in the yeast two-hybrid system, the whole cap codon-optimized gene was inserted into pgbkt7 vector and confirmed by pcr, restriction enzyme digestion, and sequence analysis. after transformation into a y2hgold yeast strain, the expression of cap protein was analyzed by western blotting. toxicity and self-activation of the bait protein were detected using different dropout minimal base. pcr reaction, restriction ... | 2015 | 26470535 |