| general survey of the present distribution of helminths in iran and comparison with those of past years. | in this paper the literature on helminthiasis in iran is reviewed and the distribution, prevalence and intensity of infections caused by helminths are discussed. a comparison of prevalence and intensity of infections was accomplished in the recent 10 years by the author. hookworm infections are found mostly in the north along the caspian sea, but its prevalence is declining. trichostrongylus are found in iran with a high prevalence in central country. schistosoma haematobium is found in one prov ... | 1976 | 8977 |
| abate--its value as a cyclopscide. | guinea worm disease is highly endemic in kurnool district in andhra pradesh. the effect of abate on the vector cyclops was studied and was found to be very encouraging. | 1978 | 81311 |
| a case of dracunculus medinensis in a dog. | | 1975 | 123104 |
| guinea worm in southern ghana: its epidemiology and impact on agricultural productivity. | in southern ghana guinea worm disease was found to occur almost exclusively in villages dependent upon pond water during the dry season. the recent occurrence of guinea worm for the first time in many villages in the survey area suggests that the disease is spreading. the risk of increasing disease in the accra plains is serious, because almost half of the 159 villages surveyed use pond water, and residents frequently travel to endemic areas. in this study adult male farmers were at greatest ris ... | 1975 | 123421 |
| failure of thiabendazole and metronidazole in the treatment and suppression of guinea worm disease. | guinea worm disease is endemic in west africa. in 1973 a field drug trial was conducted to compare effectiveness, cost, and side-effects of thiabendazole and metronidazole in treating active guinea worm disease and preventing latent worms from emerging. a mass chemotherapy campaign was planned to follow the drug trial. only 15.5% of the treated patients expelled the worm completely, and in 28.4% of the cases worms continued to appear. both drugs were equally unsatisfactory in their anti-helminth ... | 1975 | 125551 |
| bleeding in pregnancy due to retroplacental situtation of guinea worms. | two cases of retroplacental guinea worms causing bleeding in the early and late months of pregnancy are reported. in one case, habitual abortions may have been due to the presence of a guinea worm. these situations and manifestations have not been previously reported. it is suggested that larval worms can invade the vagina, that the acid vaginal exudate destroys the cyclops and releases the larvae which then penetrate the tissues and migrate to the retroplacental region corresponding to the migr ... | 1975 | 125563 |
| extradural guinea-worm abscess. report of two cases. | | 1975 | 127021 |
| attempted experimental cross infections with mammalian guinea-worms, dracunculus spp. (nematoda: dracunculoidea). | dracunculus medinensis and d. insignis are morphologically indistinguishable. experiments to test the susceptibility of various mammalian hosts to these two guinea worm species are described. infective 3rd-stage larvae of d. medinensis were administered to each of four raccons (procyon lotor): infective 3rd-stage larvae of d. insignis were administered to a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), two dogs, two ferrets (mustela putorius furo), and a marten (martes americana). d. medinensis was not found ... | 1976 | 134642 |
| preliminary report on the therapeutic effect of mebendazole in guinea worm infection. | mebendazole was found to be effective in the treatment of patients infected with adult guinea worms. the patients consistently reported a rapid relief of pain, tenderness and swelling. the worms emerge from the ulcers in a degenerated, fragmented form. no extraction of worms is needed as the fragments are expelled spontaneously. some cases need repetition of treatment when fresh lesions appear but healing is as rapid as in original lesions. no side-effects were encountered in spite of repetition ... | 1976 | 137325 |
| guinea worm inguinal adenopathy. | genital involvement of dracunculus medinensis is uncommon, and when it does occur, it usually involves the scrotum. a case has been described in which the inguinal gland was involved producing a bubo simulating that caused by other commoner conditions. it is suggested that the microscopical examination of a wet preparation of bubo aspirates should routinely be practised, especially in tropical countries. | 1977 | 139192 |
| the clinico-epidemiological profile of guinea worm in the ibadan district of nigeria. | an epidemiological survey of guinea worm infection was carried out in 17 rural village communities north of ibadan in western nigeria from 1971 to 1975. the incidence was 13.5% in a population of 8,200. the sexes were equally affected although there were significantly more cases amongst boys than girls. a majority of the worms emerged from the lower limbs and the incidence of complications and disability was higher in those with lesions around the ankles and feet. the average duration of incapac ... | 1977 | 139831 |
| [calcified aseptic abscess due to dracunculus medinensis (author's transl)]. | a sterile abcess of the forearm caused by dracunculus medinensis is described. histologically, lysed and partially calcified worms and larvae were found one month after the outset of the swelling, giving a mottled aspect radiologically. | 1978 | 147448 |
| the treatment of dracontiasis with thiabendazole. | 400 cases of dracunculosis were treated with thiabendazole and the results reported. thiabendazole appears to be highly effective and its pleasant taste and lack of adverse effects account for its acceptability by the patients. the drug is cheap and can be recommended even for poor patients. the adverse reactions are minimal and do not necessitate stoppage of therapy. we conclude the mintezol is highly efficacious and should prove a useful weapon against guinea worm disease. | 1978 | 147949 |
| spinal compression due to an extradural guinea worm abscess: a case report. | | 1977 | 148596 |
| a case of eosinophilic pleurisy due to dracunculus medinensis infection. | | 1978 | 153022 |
| guinea-worm infection in banaskantha district of gujarat--some important epidemiological aspects. | | 1978 | 153328 |
| perception and management of guinea worm disease among ghanaian villagers. a framework for differential health education planning. | a survey, resulted from the immediate need to understand the health behaviour of southern ghanaian villagers during an epidemic of guinea worm disease. while such problems are usually studied at a time when the epidemic has abated, this study emphasized getting into the field quickly to obtain data before the epidemic passed. if behaviour models are to have value for programme planning in the developing world, they should be amenable to such quick sample approaches. the study involved a survey o ... | 1979 | 158243 |
| guinea worm disease: epidemiology, control, and treatment. | guinea worm infection is one of the most easily prevented parasitic diseases, but it is nevertheless a common cause of disability in rural areas of africa, south-west asia, and india. infection occurs when drinking water is infested with infected cyclops, a microcrustacean. worms up to 70-80 cm in length develop in the subcutaneous tissues of the feet or legs and larvae are liberated to renew the cycle when an infected individual steps into a well or pond from which others draw drinking water. i ... | 1979 | 161522 |
| guinea-worm disease. | | 1992 | 1285170 |
| guinea worm: good news from ghana. | | 1992 | 1360040 |
| mobilization strategy for guinea worm eradication in nigeria. | the transformation of dracunculiasis from an obscure and neglected rural disease to the highly visible target of a national eradication campaign in nigeria is described in this report. this process progressed through four overlapping stages: documentation of the extent and nature of the disease as a national problem, demonstration in nigeria that dracunculiasis could be effectively prevented by targeted provision and use of protected rural water supplies, mobilization for community participation ... | 1992 | 1449193 |
| behavioural aspects and their possible uses in the control of dracontiasis (guinea-worm) in igwun river basin area of imo state, nigeria. | individuals suffering from dracontiasis from igwun river basin area of imo state nigeria were randomly chosen, examined and interviewed between december 1988 and march 1989 with a view to ascertain some of the behavioural aspects that could be of help in the control/eradication of this disease as well as to ascertain whether local medication was of any chemotherapeutic significance. of 100 guinea-worm patients males were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in number (63.0%). in the age-related distr ... | 1992 | 1456464 |
| primary care training for patent medicine vendors in rural nigeria. | the provision of essential drugs and the involvement of various potential and existing health care providers (e.g. teachers and traditional healers) are two important primary health care strategies. one local group that is already actively supplying the medication needs of the community is the patent medicine vendors (pmvs), but the formal health establishment often views their activities with alarm. one way to improve the quality of the pmvs' contribution to primary care is through training, si ... | 1992 | 1485195 |
| surveillance for dracunculiasis, 1981-1991. | in 1986 the world health organization (who) designated dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) as the next disease scheduled to be eradicated (by 1995) after smallpox. dramatic improvement in national and international surveillance has played a key role in the global eradication campaign, which was initiated at cdc in 1980. about 3 million persons are still affected by the disease annually, with adverse effects on their health as well as on agricultural production and education. over 100 million pe ... | 1992 | 1532630 |
| update: dracunculiasis eradication--ghana and nigeria, 1991. | ghana and nigeria, the two countries with the highest number of known cases of dracunculiasis (i.e., guinea worm disease) in 1991, recorded substantial declines in the reported incidence of the parasitic infection caused by dracunculus medinensis. provisional surveillance data from 1991 indicate that the combined incidence of dracunculiasis declined 32.7% in the two countries since 1990 and 57.5% since 1989 (figure 1). this report summarizes surveillance data for the two countries. | 1992 | 1534138 |
| health education: historic windows of opportunity. | in 1991, the executive director of unicef addressed the world conference on health education in helsinki, finland which centered on international cooperation in improving health. health educators should convince world leaders to apply the money available after reductions in military spending due to the end of the cold war toward revitalizing health and education systems and alleviating poverty. another opportunity that they should not let slip away is that more countries are choosing democracy ... | 1992 | 1618524 |
| the elimination of dracunculiasis in igbon, oyo state, nigeria: the success of self-help activities. | guinea worm disease, dracunculiasis, is widespread in rural nigeria, where an estimated 2.5 million cases occur every year. this study documents the use of multiple intervention strategies, based on community self-help in collaboration with health researchers, to eliminate guinea worm in the village of igbon, in oyo state, nigeria. in november 1978 the village had a point prevalence rate of 59% at the height of the period of patency and disease transmission. advised by the university-based resea ... | 1990 | 1689388 |
| update: dracunculiasis eradication--pakistan, 1990. | dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) is a disabling infection that affects an estimated 10 million persons in 17 african countries and parts of india and pakistan each year. in 1987, the pakistan dracunculiasis eradication program was established with the goal of eradicating dracunculiasis from pakistan by 1990. this report summarizes progress toward that goal. | 1991 | 1824605 |
| update: dracunculiasis eradication--ghana and nigeria, 1990. | dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) is a disabling infection that each year affects an estimated 5 million persons in 17 african countries and parts of india and pakistan. this disease is contracted only by persons who drink water contaminated by tiny copepods containing larval stages of the parasite dracunculus medinensis. the infection can be prevented by providing safe sources of drinking water, teaching populations at risk to boil water or filter it through a fine cloth, or treating the wat ... | 1991 | 1826338 |
| [dracunculosis--a retreating scourge]. | guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis) is an easily preventable parasitic illness where one or more worms (dracunculus medinensis) emerge through the skin about a year after drinking infected water. it is highly debilitating and compromises health, food production and schooling in 19 african nations, and in india. in affected areas it causes more permanent disability than poliomyelitis, and the annual economic cost is estimated to one billion usd. about 120 million poor are at risk. interventions ... | 1991 | 1830176 |
| dracunculiasis of the orbit and eyelid. light and electron microscopic observations of two cases. | dracunculiasis, an infection caused by the nematode parasite, dracunculus medinensis, usually affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue. the authors studied two cases of dracunculiasis involving the orbit and eyelid in african children. in the first case, the patient presented with proptosis and the clinical diagnosis was burkitt's lymphoma. in the second patient, the eyelid lesion was diagnosed as a dermoid cyst. histopathologically, the orbital lesion showed a degenerated and partially calcifie ... | 1991 | 1830955 |
| effect of an alcohol solution (palmwine) on the survival of thermocyclops oblongatum, intermediate host of dracunculus medinensis in nigeria. | | 1991 | 1832248 |
| [knee contusion with an interesting incidental finding]. | during examination of a 42 year old male patient from mauretania with an injured knee in the emergency ward, a dracunculiasis - guinea worm disease - was incidentally diagnosed. as travelling is generally increasing, this disease might be encountered more frequently also in europe. | 1991 | 1833806 |
| the effectiveness of combined control measures on the prevalence of guinea worm disease in anambra state, nigeria. | the prevalence of guinea worm dracunculus medinensis was determined in communities in anambra state, eastern nigeria during the 1984-1985 guinea worm season. thereafter combined intervention measures which included health education and community participation in pond treatment were introduced in one of the two communities. there was a decrease in disease prevalence from 88.7% to 33% in group a (372 households) and from 88% to 53% in group b (368 households), two years after control measures were ... | 1991 | 1834731 |
| dracunculiasis: an approach to hasten worm expulsion. | twenty patients with guinea worm disease having a total of 29 emerging worms in a rural village of north west frontier province, were put on a 5-day course of antibiotics and antiinflammatory drugs and compared with age-matched control patients. the ulcer sites of emerging worms were kept continuously moist, and 18 worms were extracted from 14 patients during the above mentioned period. the average time taken for the entire worm to be expelled in these patients was considerably shorter (13.6 day ... | 1991 | 1834859 |
| strategies for dracunculiasis eradication. | in 1991 the forty-fourth world health assembly declared the goal of eradicating dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) by the end of 1995. this article summarizes the recommended strategies for surveillance and interventions in national dracunculiasis eradication programmes. it is based on personal experience with dracunculiasis programmes in ghana, nigeria and pakistan. three phases are described: establishment of a national programme office and conduct of a baseline survey; implementation of int ... | 1991 | 1835673 |
| effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. | a total of 144 studies were analysed to examine the impact of improved water supply and sanitation facilities on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. these diseases were selected because they are widespread and illustrate the variety of mechanisms through which improved water and sanitation can protect people. disease-specific median reduction levels were calculated for all studies, and separately for the more methodologically rigorous ones. f ... | 1991 | 1835675 |
| [current status of the global campaign to eradicate dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease)]. | dracunculiasis is eradicable because it is easy to diagnose, it is only transmitted by drinking water, there is no animal reservoir, and there are three ways to prevent the infection. global 2000 is assisting guinea worm eradication programmes in pakistan, ghana and nigeria. the draft criteria for certification of dracunculiasis elimination and the resolutions adopted during the 3rd african regional conference on dracunculiasis were described. the progress of pakistan's guinea worm eradication p ... | 1991 | 1839596 |
| [epidemiological aspects of dracunculosis in benin. 2. relationship between periodicity of worm eruptions and the origin of drinking water]. | a prospective survey was conducted in four villages in the central part of benin. dates of worm eruption were noted to precise the transmission period. in the same time, water was sampled to measure density of cyclopids in drinking water bodies. relationships between the highest worm eruption period and cyclopid density led to precise the duration of guinea worm latency in human which lasted from 10 to 13 months. the smallest density of cyclopids able to induce steady transmission was evaluated ... | 1991 | 1839675 |
| susceptibility of four species of copepods, from areas of endemic dracunculus medinensis, to the north american d. insignis. | studies of the relative importance of different copepod species in areas of endemic dracunculiasis have been restricted, in part, by limited access to dracunculus medinensis. however, development of the d. insignis-ferret model provides a source of larvae of a species closely related to d. medinensis. using larvae derived from this model, the susceptibility of four species of copepods from d. medinensis-endemic areas was compared to that of canadian acanthocyclops vernalis, which is fully suscep ... | 1991 | 1839817 |
| [school absenteeism due to dracunculosis in benin]. | a study was undertaken in the benin republic to determine the effect of guinea worm on school attendance. five sentinel villages were chosen in the most endemic region of the country. these villages were observed in-depth during four years. weekly inspections were done during the transmission season and bi-weekly inspections were done outside this season. during the later part of the study a questionnaire was distributed nation-wide. in the sentinel villages all inhabitants were counted, all new ... | 1991 | 1840242 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of recombinant parasite antigens for immunodiagnosis of onchocerciasis. | immunological cross-reactivity among nematodes has hampered the development of specific serodiagnostic assays for onchocerciasis. in the present study, an onchocerca volvulus adult worm complementary dna expression library was differentially screened with human sera from patients infected with o. volvulus and with an omnibus anti-nematode serum pool comprised of sera from patients infected with brugia malayi, loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, mansonella perstans, strongyloides stercoralis, ancylost ... | 1991 | 1840605 |
| health teaching in the context of culture: nursing in east africa. | a nurse from the us worked as a community health nurse with the mennonite central committee in east africa from 1981-1983. she addressed the importance of health care providers being able to incorporate the context of culture, religion, and socioeconomic status into identifying health care needs and intervention. this was complicated by differences in values and beliefs between the urban and rural populations. many people believed that spirits of the dead influence their behavior and sense of ... | 1991 | 2046219 |
| specific and cross-reacting antibodies in human responses to onchocerca volvulus and dracunculus medinensis infections. | immunoelectroblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify non-cross-reacting antigenic components of dracunculus medinensis and the filarial worms onchocerca volvulus, loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and mansonella ozzardi. parasite specific serodiagnostic elisa systems for onchocerciasis and dracunculiasis were devised based on these findings. phosphate buffered saline extracts of adult worms were passed through a column of monoclonal antibodies to phosphor ... | 1990 | 2138430 |
| farmers' loss due to guinea worm disease: a pilot study. | guinea worm disease has been blamed for much disability and loss of productivity among farmers in africa and south asia. many studies have tried to equate days lost in illness to monetary values. these attempts often overlook the process of disability in relation to farming patterns. this pilot effort uses a qualitative case study approach to learn about how guinea worm can cause loss to farmers. twenty in-depth interviews with affected farmers showed that their losses are related to the time of ... | 1990 | 2139137 |
| the prevalence and endemicity of dracunculiasis in akowide village, oyo state, nigeria. | an epidemiological assessment of the prevalence and endemicity of guinea-worm infection at akowide village in oyo state, nigeria was carried out between september 1986 and august 1987. a total of 325 people were interviewed and examined during the period. the data obtained were analysed to show the relationship between the prevalence of the disease and the population structure in the affected community. overall, about 15% of persons in the village were infected. the rate of infection was signifi ... | 1990 | 2143372 |
| chemoprophylactic drug trials for treatment of dracunculiasis using the dracunculus insignis-ferret model. | groups of ferrets inoculated with dracunculus insignis were treated with various anthelminthic compounds to evaluate the potential use of drugs in controlling the human parasite d. medinensis. the three primary compounds tested were diethylcarbamazine (dec), albendazole (albz), and invermectin (iver); they were administered in dosages of 60 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg, respectively. groups of animals received treatment either once at 60 days after inoculation, once at 60 and 90 days, or for 3 d ... | 1990 | 2143770 |
| the imo state (nigeria) drinking water supply and sanitation project, 2. impact on dracunculiasis, diarrhoea and nutritional status. | morbidity due to dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) and diarrhoea in persons of all ages, and nutritional status of young children, were used as health impact indicators in the evaluation of the imo state drinking water supply and sanitation project in south-eastern nigeria. data were collected using repeated cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal follow-up. the study area was found to have a low level of endemicity of dracunculiasis. while no impact could be demonstrated on overall period o ... | 1990 | 2143854 |
| the impact of inadequate sanitary conditions on health in developing countries. | one of the achievements of the international drinking water supply and sanitation decade (1981-1990) is a better understanding of the relationship between poor sanitary conditions and health. this article reviews current knowledge of the major water- and excreta-related diseases and the potential impact of improved sanitary facilities on health. four health indicators are considered--diarrhoeal diseases, soil-transmitted nematode infections, dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) and nutritional s ... | 1990 | 2146815 |
| monofilament nylon filters for preventing dracunculiasis: durability and copepod retention after long term field use in pakistan. | filtration of drinking water to remove the cyclopoid copepod intermediate hosts of guinea worm. dracunculus medinensis, is one of the primary intervention strategies for preventing dracunculiasis. in early 1987, monofilament nylon filters with 200 microns pore size were distributed to households in selected guinea worm-infected villages in pakistan. the filters proved popular with the villagers, although reports of "loss of filters" could diminish the community-wide effectiveness of this control ... | 1990 | 2147777 |
| two unusual predisposing factors for diabetic pedal ulceration in nigerians. | two unusual predisposing factors to indolent foot ulceration seen in nigerian diabetic patients are presented. these are guinea-worm infestation (dracontiasis) affecting the dorsum of the foot and lichenification with fissuring of the sole of the foot during the cool, dry weather of the harmattan season. these two preventable and treatable conditions are widely prevalent in sub-saharan african countries. while there was severe hyperglycaemia in both cases, one was associated with diabetic ketoac ... | 1990 | 2148040 |
| immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis by falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fast-elisa) and by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) technique. | the falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fast-elisa) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) technique were used to test human sera with dracunculus medinensis adult worm antigen in order to assess their potential value in the immunodiagnosis of dracunculiasis. the human sera used were from patients with prepatent and patent d. medinensis infections or from patients infected with other nematodes (onchocerca volvulus and loa loa) or trematodes (schistosom ... | 1990 | 2148463 |
| socio-cultural problems in the execution of a guinea worm control programme. a case report. | it is a known fact that dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection) can be controlled through the provision of clean water. this case report elucidates some of the problems militating against the effectiveness of such a control method in a rural and illiterate community. these problems are borne from inappropriate equipment, health education and cultural prejudices. solutions to these problems are suggested. | 1990 | 2151604 |
| [agriculture-health interface in the field of epidemiology of vector-borne diseases and the control of vectors]. | this paper is a review of the interactions between agriculture and vector borne diseases. rain forest clearing makes possible the development of heliophilous species of anophelines and snails leading to an increase of malaria and schistosomiasis in africa. but in asia, clearing is a control method against anopheles balabacensis, an important malaria vector. clearing of forest galleries is followed by the disappearance of shore-dwelling tsetse flies. woodcutters and pioneer farmers are contaminat ... | 1990 | 2208469 |
| calculation of water volume in step wells for cyclopicide application and its eco-epidemiological implication: mathematical validation of some theoretical considerations. | chemical treatment of step wells to kill cyclopoid vectors of guinea worm by temephos (50 per cent e. c.) at the dose of 1 ppm is now an important activity of the guineaworm eradication programme in india. calculation of correct volume of water in step wells, to determine the exact quantity of temephos to be applied, therefore, deserves adequate attention to prevent over and underdosing of stepwells by the chemical. the prescribed method of calculation of water volume includes two formulae; pi r ... | 1989 | 2482311 |
| adieu! guinea worm. | | 1989 | 2525629 |
| onchocerciasis and dracunculosis. | onchocerciasis is a disease of africa and central and south america. it produces severe skin disease and is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. dracunculosis infection, caused by the guinea worm dracunculosis medinensis, occurs in tropical africa. included in this article are discussions of the vector and transmission, pathology, immunology, diagnosis, and treatment of these two diseases. | 1989 | 2527659 |
| epidemiological studies on guinea-worm in some newly discovered villages of jhabua district (m.p.) and test of carica papaya leaves of guinea worm infection. | epidemiological survey was carried out for prevalence of guinea worm infection in 12 villages having a total population of 10281 persons in jhabua district of m.p. the prevalence of 2.85 percent. infection was more common in males. a paste of leaves of carica papya with opium and common salt applied for 3 days was helpful in relief of symptoms and easy extraction of worm from the body. | 1989 | 2529207 |
| red dracunculus medinensis. | two instances of the emergence of a bright-red worm from humans in pakistan are described. a 25-year-old man and a 26-year-old woman, unrelated and living in separate households, were observed in 1987 and 1988, respectively, to have emergent worms typical in size and location for guinea worm disease, except for the color of the worms. the posterior end of 1 worm was recovered and appeared to be a female dracunculus medinensis. histologic sections provided insufficient information to determine th ... | 1989 | 2529788 |
| guinea worm: an in-depth study of what happens to mothers, families and communities. | this paper reports on the impact of maternal morbidity due to guinea worm, dracunculiasis, on the care and health of children under 24 months old, and the way in which the mothers and the family coped with the often extended periods of disability. this qualitative study is based on observation and in-depth interviewing, supplemented by focus group discussions. of 42 mothers with guinea worm in two hyperendemic areas of oyo and kwara states, 28 were either bedridden or only able to hobble short d ... | 1989 | 2530636 |
| surveillance: the foundation for control and elimination of dracunculiasis in africa. | the international drinking water supply and sanitation decade (1981-1990) has stimulated a movement to eradicate human infection with the helminthic parasite dracunculus medinensis (dracunculiasis), whose victims are disabled for weeks or months during the painful emergence of one or more worms from beneath the skin. each year, millions of people acquire this infection by drinking unclean water. among the critical activities that are necessary for the elimination of dracunculiasis, one of the mo ... | 1989 | 2533584 |
| dracunculus medinensis presenting as larva migrans. | | 1985 | 2930924 |
| aseptic knee effusion associated with calcified guinea worms. | reported is a case of aseptic knee effusion associated with the presence of a calcified guinea worm, dracunculus medinensis, in close proximity to the joint. the patient, a native of nigeria, presented with chronic right knee pain and swelling. he did well with symptomatic treatment including non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, rest, ice, and elevation of the leg. dracunculiasis is prevalent in parts of asia and africa, but has been described only rarely in the united states. | 1985 | 2932044 |
| guinea worm in kwara state. ii. immunological studies on naturally infected subjects. | | 1985 | 2934239 |
| parasitic rheumatism: rheumatic manifestations associated with calcified guinea worm. | we prospectively studied 20 saudi and yamani patients with calcified guinea worm who presented with different rheumatic manifestations. localized myalgia (55%), chronic monoarthralgia (35%) and chronic synovitis of the knee (10%) were the main presentations. two cases with synovial fluid eosinophilia were seen. in spite of the absence of active infestation, the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings suggested the possibility of a causal relationship. the condition should be considered am ... | 1985 | 2935634 |
| human case of dracunculiasis in japan. | dracunculus medinensis was recovered from a 42-year-old man residing in shizuoka, japan. part of an adult female worm was removed from an abscess in the subcutaneous tissue on his right gastrocnemial muscle. the worm's morphology and that of the embryos found in its uterus revealed that the parasite was dracunculus medinensis. this is the first human case of dracunculiasis acquired in japan. | 1986 | 2936260 |
| relative susceptibilities of cyclops species from rajasthan state to guinea worm (dracunculus medinensis) larvae. | the role of eight different species of cyclops as intermediate hosts of dracunculus medinensis has been studied by investigating their relative preferences for the ingestion of free-living larvae, the time required for larval penetration into the haemocoel, the number of larvae lethal to the copepods, and the threshold of tolerance for successful development of the larvae within the cyclops. on the basis of larval development up to the infective stage, four species of cyclops-paracyclops fimbria ... | 1985 | 2936524 |
| human behaviour and the transmission of dracunculiasis: a case study from the ilorin area of nigeria. | dracunculiasis, infection with guinea worm, dracunculus medinensis, is a debilitating disease causing considerable human misery and having an adverse impact on food production in affected areas. it can be entirely eradicated by the provision of protected drinking water for all members of the community. there are two phases in the transmission cycle associated with human activities, swallowing the infective guinea worm larvae in infected water and, 10-12 months later, the immersion of a limb with ... | 1986 | 2941384 |
| a method of rapid assessment of the distribution and endemicity of dracunculiasis in nigeria. | this paper describes how information was collected at a national conference in nigeria and a map compiled to give an initial assessment of the distribution and endemicity of dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) throughout the country. the map provided a stimulus for further studies of the status of the disease and for the consideration of national control strategies. a map created along the same lines could be used for obtaining an initial assessment of the extent and endemicity of dracunculiasi ... | 1986 | 2945257 |
| impact of guinea worm disease on children in nigeria. | school attendance records of all primary schools in a guinea worm-endemic village in southwestern nigeria were examined to determine the cause of missed school days and school drop-outs. at the time of the survey, 1,495 pupils (768 boys and 727 girls were registered in the 4 primary schools in the village, of which 21% of the pupils were infected with guinea worm disease (gwd). female pupils had a higher infection rate than their male counterparts. guinea worm-infected pupils missed up to 25% of ... | 1986 | 2945447 |
| the comparative study of patterns of guinea worm prevalence as a guide to control strategies. | guinea worm, a parasite found in unprotected drinking water sources, causes considerable morbidity and loss of agricultural production among rural people in india and west africa. a comparative study of village level prevalence data in the two regions reveals marked contrasts in the level and characteristics of prevalence which are useful guidelines in planning control strategies where little is known about local guinea worm epidemiology. prevalence rates of up to 75-80% of the total population ... | 1986 | 2950596 |
| [epidemiology of dracunculosis in the mandara mountains (north cameroon). organization of a control campaign]. | the map of the mandara mountains dracuntiasis focus showing the wells and water bodies, which are the transmission sites of the disease in the study area, shows that the focus is relatively well limited. the drilling of new wells, the protection of existing water bodies used for human consumption, the health education project and the treatment of water by temephos lead to ascertain that the number of guinea worm cases seen is decreasing every year in the area where the project is meticulously pe ... | 1987 | 2957561 |
| population mobility and disease transmission: the example of guinea worm. | population mobility can bring people into contact with disease agents, and transfer these agents to new populations. this paper suggests ways in which population movements are implicated in the transmission of one communicable disease, guinea worm or dracunculiasis, a parasitic disease affecting 5-15 million people every year in africa, india and pakistan. a typology of population mobility which distinguishes between rural and urban sectors, and between circulation and uni-directional permanent ... | 1987 | 2961065 |
| [longitudinal study of cyclopidae, intermediary hosts of the guinea worm in the sudano-sahelian area (burkina faso)]. | during 18 months covering two annual rainy seasons, 338 monthly water samples were taken in 29 ponds of two dracunculosis endemic villages of south-western burkina faso. the dynamics of ponds inhabited by cyclopidae has been surveyed as far as their densities and their species are concerned. we identified a total number of 17 species from 6 genera of which the decreasing order in frequency is: thermocyclops, mesocyclops, metacyclops, cryptocyclops, microcyclops and allocyclops. the dominant spec ... | 1987 | 2962531 |
| age and sex differences in new and recurrent cases of guinea worm disease in nigeria. | in this population-based cross-sectional survey of the prevalence and incidence of guinea worm disease in idere, a rural agricultural community of oyo state in nigeria, epidemiological data were collected by household interview of all 501 households (6527 persons, 3594 females and 2933 males). 86% of the households had at least one case. the prevalence was 32.4% in the overall population, but varied markedly by age and sex. about 10% of prevalent cases were first-time infections or new cases. ma ... | 1987 | 2965439 |
| the impact of a unicef-assisted rural water project on the prevalence of guinea worm disease in asa, kwara state, nigeria. | this paper demonstrates that protected water supplies, in the form of boreholes, can reduce the prevalence of dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) in affected communities from a point prevalence of greater than or equal to 50% to 0% or near 0% within 3 years of intervention. studies in nigeria show that boreholes sited within a village and used exclusively for drinking water are most effective, while less accessible or malfunctioning boreholes have a less dramatic impact on prevalence. in contra ... | 1988 | 2969686 |
| guinea worm disease in northern uganda: a major public health problem controllable through an effective water programme. | a modified cluster survey was conducted in northwestern uganda in 1984 to provide descriptive epidemiological data on dracunculiasis in a water programme target area. a total of 2014 people participated from 58 randomly selected clusters. interviewers elicited information on age and sex of household members, number, date of emergence and location of guinea worms, and type of and distance from water source in an endemic area. the survey yielded an incidence rate of 193 cases/1000 people per year, ... | 1988 | 2969872 |
| source of drinking water supply and transmission of guinea worm disease in nigeria. | during 1982, ecological factors associated with freshwater pollution were investigated in idere, a rural nigerian community with endemic guinea worm infection. data were collected on the quality of all pond water sources, and on rainfall patterns and potable piped water available in the community. pond water provided 76% of the total water used in idere. this source of drinking water provided the classical ecological environment for the transmission of dracunculus medinensis, other helminth para ... | 1987 | 2972262 |
| epidemiology and vectors of dracunculus medinensis in northwest burkina faso, west africa. | the epidemiology of the guinea worm, dracunculus medinensis, was studied in the dry savanna zone of west africa. the monthly incidence data collected over a period of four years showed peak transmission occurring in june and july at the beginning of the rainy season. the different types of local water sources (i.e. wells, periodic streams, seasonal cattle waterings, natural ponds and man-made ponds) were examined for infected cyclopoid copepods. small hand-dug ponds or water-holes situated in th ... | 1988 | 2972263 |
| synthetic-fibre filters for preventing dracunculiasis: 100 versus 200 micrometres pore size. | filtering of drinking water to remove the copepod intermediate hosts of dracunculus medinensis is a primary strategy for control of guinea-worm disease. since filters of different porosities are used, we tested the efficiency of synthetic-fibre filters of 100 microns and 200 microns pore size in removing the various stages of 3 species of copepods from water samples. the 200 microns mesh retained the larger copepodid stages including adults (c iii-vi), but permitted passage of smaller copepodids ... | 1988 | 2976542 |
| dracunculiasis eradication: a mid-decade status report. | a campaign to eradicate dracunculiasis has been underway from the beginning of the international drinking water supply and sanitation decade (1981-1990), since providing safe drinking water is the most effective means to prevent that disease. about 120 million persons are estimated to be at risk of the infection in africa, and 20 million more in india and pakistan. both major endemic countries in asia have begun efforts to eliminate the disease, and by the end of 1986, national anti-dracunculias ... | 1987 | 3037931 |
| epidemiological assessment of the distribution and endemicity of guinea worm infection in asa, kwara state, nigeria. | an investigation was made in 1983 to determine the distribution and endemicity of dracunculiasis in asa, kwara state, nigeria. the findings revealed that the disease was widespread and highly prevalent. the house to house survey conducted in 11 of the 20 villages where recent cases had been identified gave an overall prevalence of 53% during the peak period of infection. at least two out of every five residents in each village had an active infection. more adults had clinical dracunculiasis than ... | 1985 | 3160145 |
| [guinea worm and the decade]. | | 1985 | 3160887 |
| letter: identification of guinea-worm species. | | 1973 | 4204743 |
| record of the guinea worm-dracunculus medinensis in an alsatian bitch. | | 1965 | 4222007 |
| a probable case of dracunculus medinensis (linnaeus, 1758) gallandant, 1773, in a dog in pennsylvania. | | 1966 | 4223893 |
| extradural guinea worm abscess. report of two cases. | | 1967 | 4225586 |
| incidence and endemicity of guinea-worm in india. | | 1967 | 4230327 |
| guinea-worm arthritis of knee joint. | | 1968 | 4233211 |
| studies on dracunculus medinensis (linnaeus). i. the early migration route in experimentally infected dogs. | | 1968 | 4236172 |
| [on the epidemiology of guinea worm disease in ghana]. | | 1968 | 4237589 |
| guinea worm calcification: a report of 83 cases. | | 1968 | 4237870 |
| [a case of guinea-worm disease in a domestic cat in kazakhstan]. | | 1966 | 4238267 |
| adhesion of white blood cells to guinea-worm larvae. | | 1969 | 4238753 |
| calcified guinea worm: clinical, radiological and pathological study. | | 1968 | 4239486 |
| epidemiological studies on guinea-worm infection. | dracontiasis is one of the most easily preventable of the tropical parasitic diseases, yet in india the infection is still present in large numbers of people and causes extreme degrees of morbidity and incapacitation.the 10 000 inhabitants of 4 villages in south india were interviewed and the prevalence of guinea-worm infection was found to vary from 11% to 54%; the prevalence increased with the proportion of the population using step-wells. questioning revealed that infections with more than on ... | 1969 | 4241120 |
| an additional historical note on the transmission of dracunculus medinensis. | | 1969 | 4241709 |
| acute guinea-worm synovitis of the knee joint. | | 1969 | 4241842 |
| niridazole in guinea worm infection. | | 1969 | 4241972 |
| role of gastric acidity in guinea-worm infection. | | 1969 | 4244463 |