| compositae dermatitis in childhood. | compositae dermatitis occurred in a 9-year-old boy with a strong personal and family history of atopy. positive patch test reactions were 2+ for dandelion (taraxacum officinale), false ragweed (ambrosia acanthicarpa), giant ragweed (ambrosia trifida), short ragweed (ambrosia artemisifolia), sagebrush (artemisia tridentata), wild feverfew (parthenium hysterophorus), yarrow (achillea millifolium), and tansy (tanacetum vulgare) and 1+ for dahlia species and english ivy (hedera helix). patch tests w ... | 1987 | 3827282 |
| [the toxic principle of tsang-er-tzu (the seed of xanthium strumarium l.) and its pharmacological actions]. | | 1962 | 14075923 |
| effects of g, a growth regulator from eucalyptus grandis, on photosynthesis. | a growth regulator (g; 4-ethyl-1-hydroxy-4,8,8,10,10 pentamethyl-7,9-dioxo-2,3 dioxyabicyclo (4.4.0) decene-5) from eucalyptus grandis (maiden) reduced stomatal conductance and also photosynthetic capacity when fed through the transpiration stream of detached leaves. the concentration of g required for this effect was high (10(-4) molar), but the amount of g taken up (dose) was below the level which has previously been found in e. grandis leaves. similar effects were observed in detached leaves ... | 1982 | 16662322 |
| evidence for a universal pathway of abscisic acid biosynthesis in higher plants from o incorporation patterns. | previous labeling studies of abscisic acid (aba) with (18)o(2) have been mainly conducted with water-stressed leaves. in this study, (18)o incorporation into aba of stressed leaves of various species was compared with (18)o labeling of aba of turgid leaves and of fruit tissue in different stages of ripening. in stressed leaves of all six species investigated, avocado (persea americana), barley (hordeum vulgare), bean (phaseolus vulgaris), cocklebur (xanthium strumarium), spinach (spinacia olerac ... | 1989 | 16667222 |
| two cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of xanthium strumarium and their in vitro inhibitory activity on farnesyltransferase. | two xanthanolide sesquiterpene lactones, 8- epi-xanthatin (1) and 8- epi-xanthatin epoxide (2), isolated from the leaves of xanthium strumarium (compositae), demonstrated a significant inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells, i. e., a549 (non-small cell lung), sk-ov-3 (ovary), sk-mel-2 (melanoma), xf498 (central nervous system) and hct-15 (colon) in vitro. they were also found to inhibit the farnesylation process of human lamin-b by farnesyltransferase (ftase), in a dose-de ... | 2003 | 12709909 |
| interaction of microtubules with active principles of xanthium strumarium. | indigenous variety of xanthium strumarium (x. strumarium) was screened for its antimitotic activity using the microtubule-tubulin system isolated from mammalian tissue. a preliminary phytochemical screening of the whole extracts of the plant was carried out followed by partial purification of the whole extract of x.strumarium. the separated fractions obtained were identified and used for in vitro polymerization studies. the whole as well as partially separated chemical constituents of x. strumar ... | 2001 | 12002689 |
| caffeic acid as active principle from the fruit of xanthium strumarium to lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats. | the antihyperglycemic effect of caffeic acid, one of the phenolic compounds contained in the fruit of xanthium strumarium, was investigated. after an intravenous injection of caffeic acid into diabetic rats of both streptozotocin-induced and insulin-resistant models, a dose-dependent decrease of plasma glucose was observed. however, a similar effect was not produced in normal rats. an insulin-independent action of caffeic acid can thus be considered. otherwise, this compound reduced the elevatio ... | 2000 | 10821047 |
| chinese herbs as modulators of human mesangial cell proliferation: preliminary studies. | in the hope of identifying agents of therapeutic value in immunoglobulin a nephropathy (iga-n), we tested crude methanol extracts of 15 chinese herbs for their effect on human mesangial cel proliferation in vitro. the results indicated that 7 out of the 15 crude extracts inhibited human mesangial cell proliferation activated by interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6. the extracts and their median inhibitory concentrations were as follows (in microg/ml): selaginella tamariscina (mls-032), 56.0 +/- 2 ... | 1998 | 9665376 |
| effect of plant extracts and systemic fungicide on the pineapple fruit-rotting fungus, ceratocystis paradoxa. | antifungal activities of extracts of sixteen plants were tested against ceratocystis paradoxa which causes soft rot of pineapples. xanthium strumarium was the most effective followed by allium sativum. the effectiveness of various extracts against c. paradoxa was in the decreasing order of meriandra bengalensis, mentha piperita, curcuma longa, phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, toona ciliata, vitex negundo, azadirachta indica, eupatorium birmanicum, ocimum sanctum and leucas aspera. extracts of cassia ... | 1996 | 9022263 |
| in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of xanthium strumarium leaves. | antitrypanosomal activity of crude 50% ethanolic extract of xanthium strumarium leaves was studied in vitro and in vivo. the extract exhibited trypanocidal activity at all four concentrations tested i.e. 5, 50, 500 and 1000 micrograms/ml, in vitro. in vivo trial revealed that the extract exerted antitrypanosomal effect at dosage of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. at 100 and 300 mg/kg doses the survival period of the trypanosoma evansi infected mice was significantly prolonged. howeve ... | 1995 | 8824739 |
| pattern of cross-sensitivity between 4 compositae plants, parthenium hysterophorus, xanthium strumarium, helianthus annuus and chrysanthemum coronarium, in indian patients. | to assess the pattern of cross-sensitivity between 4 members of the compositae family, namely parthenium hysterophorus l., xanthium strumarium l., helanthus annuus l. and chrysanthemum coronarium l., 63 patients clinically diagnosed to have airborne contact dermatitis, and 51 controls having well-defined patterns of contact dermatitis caused by agents other than plants, were patch tested with measured amounts of standardized aqueous extracts of these plants. positive reactions were obtained in 6 ... | 1994 | 8187516 |
| cocklebur (xanthium strumarium, l. var. strumarium) intoxication in swine: review and redefinition of the toxic principle. | cocklebur (xanthium strumarium) fed to feeder pigs was associated with acute to subacute hepatotoxicosis. cotyledonary seedings fed at 0.75% to 3% of body weight or ground bur fed at 20% to 30% of the ration caused acute depression, convulsions, and death. principle gross lesions were marked serofibrinous ascites, edema of the gallbladder wall, and lobular accentuation of the liver. acute to subacute centrilobular hepatic necrosis was present microscopically. the previously reported toxic princi ... | 1981 | 7257080 |
| toxicologic study of carboxyatractyloside (active principle in cocklebur--xanthium strumarium) in rats treated with enzyme inducers and inhibitors and glutathione precursor and depletor. | male rats (10 rats/group) were treated with phenobarbital (pb), phenylbutazone (pbz), stanozolol (3 inducers of cytochrome p450-dependent enzymes), piperonyl butoxide (pbo; a p450 inhibitor), cobaltous chloride (cocl2; an inhibitor of hemoprotein synthesis), 5,6-benzoflavone (bnf; an inducer of cytochrome p448 dependent enzymes), cysteine [cys; a glutathione (gsh) precursor], or ethyl maleate (em; a gsh depletor). the rats were then given a calculated ld50 dosage (13.5 mg/kg of body weight) of c ... | 1982 | 7091806 |
| antimicrobial properties of some plant extracts against bacteria. | plant extracts obtained from feronia limonia (leaves) xanthium strumarium (flowering twigs) and glossocardia bosvellia (leaves) were tested for their antimicrobial properties against certain bacterial species. feronia leaf extract was ineffective on bacillus pumilus and x. campestris, vibrio cholerae was found quite sensitive to this extract. the extract of x. strumarium showed an abnormality with v. cholerae, where the inhibition exceeded the control with established antibiotics. similarly, g. ... | 1983 | 6667916 |
| antiplasmodial activity of xanthium strumarium against plasmodium berghei-infected balb/c mice. | the present work was undertaken to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of ethanolic leaves extract of traditional medicinal plant xanthium strumarium in plasmodium berghei-infected balb/c mice along with phytochemical screening and acute toxicity test to support its traditional medicinal use as a malaria remedy. the ethanolic leaves extract of x. strumarium (elexs) 150, 250, 350 and 500 mg/kg/day demonstrated dose-dependent chemosuppression during early and established infection long with signi ... | 2011 | 21847597 |
| isolation and characterization of a hypoglycemic agent from xanthium strumarium. | | 1974 | 4852580 |
| sensitivity to wild vegetation. | 74 patients suspected of having allergic contact dermatitis to wild vegetation were patch tested with either extracts of 13 plants of the family compositae and 7 other weeds or trees. anthemis cotula (dog fennel) and xanthium strumarium (cocklebur) gave the most frequent positive results, demonstrating a change of frequency in sensitivity compared to the 1950s, when ambrosia artemisiifolia (ragweed) was recognized as the most frequently sensitizing weed. the reasons for these changes of incidenc ... | 1987 | 3581826 |
| fatal outbreak from consuming xanthium strumarium seedlings during time of food scarcity in northeastern bangladesh. | an outbreak characterized by vomiting and rapid progression to unconsciousness and death was reported in sylhet distrct in northeastern bangladesh following destructive monsoon floods in november 2007. | 2010 | 20305785 |
| evaluation of the larvicidal efficacy of five indigenous weeds against an indian strain of dengue vector, aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). | background and objectives. aedes aegypti, dengue fever mosquito, is primarily associated with the transmission of dengue and chikungunya in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the present investigations were carried out to assess the larvicidal efficiency of five indigenous weeds against ae. aegypti. methods. the 1,000 ppm hexane and ethanol extracts prepared from the leaves and stem of five plants (achyranthes aspera, cassia occidentalis, catharanthus roseus, lantana camara, and xant ... | 2016 | 26941996 |
| thorny foreign bodies of upper airway. | twenty cases of unusual thorny foreign bodies (seeds of xanthium strumarium) in laryngo-pharynx area are reported. the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features and management are briefly discussed. | 1989 | 2606542 |
| cocklebur toxicosis in cattle associated with the consumption of mature xanthium strumarium. | cockleburs (xanthium spp.) are herbaceous annuals with worldwide distribution. toxicoses are usually associated with the consumption of the seedlings in the cotyledon stage, which contain a high concentration of the toxic principle, carboxyatractyloside. the seeds are also known to contain the toxin, but it has long been assumed that the spiny capsule would deter their consumption. six of 70 yearling calves died while being fed round bale hay composed predominantly of foxtail and mature cocklebu ... | 1990 | 2095279 |
| studies on the oil of xanthium strumarium. | | 1976 | 956593 |
| interaction among a nematode (heterodera glycines), an insect, and three weeds in soybean. | a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial field experiment was established to determine the interaction among a nematode, an insect, and three weed species on soybean in 1983-86. low (nematicide treated) or high (untreated) population densities of the soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines, and 0, 30, or 70% main stem girdling by the threecornered alfalfa hopper (tcah), spissistilus festinus, were combined with no weeds, one common cocklebur (cc), xanthium strumarium, one sicklepod (sp), cassia obtusifoli ... | 1990 | 19287788 |
| apoptotic cell death through inhibition of protein kinase ckii activity by 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde purified from xanthium strumarium. | the ckii inhibitory compound was purified from the fruit of xanthium strumarium by organic solvent extraction and silica gel chromatography. the inhibitory compound was identified as 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde by analysis with ft-ir, fab-mass, ei-mass, (1)h-nmr and (13)c-nmr. 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde inhibited the phosphotransferase activity of ckii with ic(50) of about 783 microm. steady-state studies revealed that the inhibitor acts as a competitive inhibitor with respect to the substrate atp. ... | 2008 | 19023807 |
| (-)-xanthienopyran, a new inhibitor of superoxide anion generation by activated neutrophils, and further constituents of the seeds of xanthium strumarium. | the dried seeds of xanthium strumarium (asteraceae) are used after thorough stir-frying as an ingredient in traditional chinese medicines for relieving allergy. two new compounds, xanthialdehyde ( 2) and (-)-xanthienopyran ( 7), as well as 26 known compounds were isolated in the present study. the structures of the isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. among them, compound 7 exhibited significant selective inhibition of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils induced by for ... | 2008 | 18622908 |
| xanthatin and xanthinosin from the burs of xanthium strumarium l. as potential anticancer agents. | xanthatin and xanthinosin, 2 sesquiterpene lactones isolated from the burs of xanthiun strumarium l. (cocklebur), showed moderate to high in vitro cytotoxic activity in the human cancer cell lines widr atcc (colon), mda-mb-231 atcc (breast), and nci-417 (lung). xanthatin and xanthinosin were purified as the result of a multi-screening bioassay-guided study of wild plant species of the family asteraceae, collected from various sites in saskatchewan, canada. seventy-five extracts at a single conce ... | 2007 | 18066118 |
| bioactivity-guided fractionation for anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and constituents of xanthium strumarium l. | the aim of this study was to fractionate an extract of xanthium strumarium l. (exs) and to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the extract and its fractions. the ethanol extract of x. strumarium (exs) was fractionated on the basis of polarity. among the different fractions, the n-butanol fraction showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity in the croton-oil-induced ear edema test and furthermore reduced the number of writhings induced by acetic acid in mice in a dose- ... | 2007 | 17350237 |
| evaluation of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) neonate preferences for corn and weeds in corn. | choice tests were conducted to determine feeding preferences of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), neonates for 15 species of plants. percentage of neonates accepting (found on) each leaf disc after 24 h was measured using choice tests. initially, nine species of plants were evaluated. the following year, 10 plant species were evaluated during o. nubilalis first generation and 11 species during the second generation. pennsylvania smartweed, polygonum penns ... | 2006 | 17195664 |
| behavioural response of colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae to selected plant extracts. | potato leaves were treated with 2, 20 or 200 g kg(-1) solutions of extracts of five plant species collected in turkey, and then exposed to larvae of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). during the first 24 h of exposure, leaf consumption was not affected by 2 g kg(-1) extracts, whereas significantly more leaf tissue remained on leaves treated with 20 g kg(-1) extracts of arctium lappa l., bifora radians m bieb, humulus lupulus l. or xanthium strumarium l. than on untreated co ... | 2006 | 16886174 |
| twilight effect: initiating dark measurement in photoperiodism of xanthium. | six experiments studied the effects of low levels of red and far-red light upon the initiation of measurement of the dark period in the photoperiodic induction of flowering in xanthium strumarium l. (cocklebur), a short-day plant, and compared effects with those of comparable light treatments applied for 2 hours during the middle of a 16-hour inductive dark period. red light, or red plus far-red, at levels that inhibit flowering when applied during the middle of the inductive dark period, either ... | 1981 | 16661842 |
| methanol extract of xanthium strumarium l. possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities. | as an attempt to identify bioactive natural products with anti-inflammatory activity, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract of the semen of xanthium strumarium l. (mexs) on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced nitric oxide (no), prostaglandin e2 (pge2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production in raw 264.7 cells. our data indicate that mexs is a potent inhibitor of no, pge2 and tnf-alpha production. consistent with these findings, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxi ... | 2005 | 15635170 |
| weed hosts of meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita common in tobacco fields in south carolina. | thirty-two weed species common in south carolina and one cultivar of tobacco were evaluated as hosts of meloidogyne arenaria race 2 and m. incognita race 3 in the greenhouse. egg mass production and galling differed (p < 0.05) among weed species. chenopodium album, euphorbia maculata, and vicia villosa were good hosts of m. arenaria. amaranthus palmeri, rumex crispus, amaranthus hybridus, ambrosia artemisiifolia, lpomoea hederacea var. integriuscula, setaria lutescens, sida spinosa, portulaca ol ... | 1988 | 19290313 |
| characterization of a plasmopara species on ambrosia artemisiifolia, and notes on p. halstedii, based on morphology and multiple gene phylogenies. | common ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an invasive and highly allergenic plant species, on which two species, plasmopara halstedii and plasmopara angustiterminalis, have been recognized to cause downy mildew disease. in this study, morphological and molecular patterns of seven plasmopara specimens collected from a. artemisiifolia in canada, hungary, and usa were compared with those of p. halstedii and p. angustiterminalis from helianthus and xanthium, respectively. analyses of partial seque ... | 2009 | 19619650 |
| evaluation of the phototoxic potential of plants used in oriental medicine. | phototoxicity can be either harmful or beneficial. yet the phototoxicity of oriental medicinal plants is an understudied area. the purpose of this study is to fill in this gap. | 2010 | 19818392 |
| xanthium italicum, xanthium strumarium and arctium lappa as new hosts for diaporthe helianthi. | sunflower (helianthus annuus) stem canker caused by diaporthe helianthi is one of the most important sunflower diseases in croatia. until recently, sunflower was the only known host for d. helianthi. in our research carried out in the area of eastern croatia, isolates of diaporthe/phomospis were collected from xanthium italicum, x. strumarium and arctium lappa. using morphological, cultural and molecular its rdna data, isolates from these weeds were identified as d. helianthi. the following isol ... | 2010 | 20182800 |
| ethnobotanical, phytochemical and toxicological studies of xanthium strumarium l. | the present study describes the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and toxicological evaluations of xanthium strumarium l. growing in bangladesh. in toxicity evaluation on rats, the methanol extract of seedlings showed mortality, while both seedling and mature plant extracts raised the serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase values and produced significant abnormalities in the histopathology of liver and kidney of rats. on the other hand, the aqueous soluble fraction of methanol extrac ... | 2009 | 20922910 |
| determination of fungal pathogens of common weed species in the vicinity of tokat, turkey. | this study was carried out to determine the fungal pathogens on chenopodium album l., cirsium arvense (l.) scop., convolvulus arvensis l., cynodon dactylon (l.) pers., delphinium consolida l., portulaca oleracea l., rumex crispus l., solanum nigrum l., sorghum halepense (l.) pers. and xanthium strumarium l. which were common weed species of agricultural areas. surveys were conducted in may-june and august-september in 2004-2005 growing seasons. during the surveys density and frequency of the abo ... | 2010 | 21542473 |
| (-)-xanthatin selectively induces gadd45γ and stimulates caspase-independent cell death in human breast cancer mda-mb-231 cells. | exo-methylene lactone group-containing compounds, such as (-)-xanthatin, are present in a large variety of biologically active natural products, including extracts of xanthium strumarium (cocklebur). these substances are reported to possess diverse functional activities, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and anticancer potential. in this study, we synthesized six structurally related xanthanolides containing exo-methylene lactone moieties, including (-)-xanthatin and (+)-8-epi-xanthati ... | 2011 | 21568272 |
| hepatotoxicity of kaurene glycosides from xanthium strumarium l. fruits in mice. | the fruit of xanthium strumarium l. (cang-er-zi) is a traditional chinese medicine that is used in curing nasal diseases and headache according to the chinese pharmacopoeia. however, clinical utilization of xanthium strumarium is relatively limited because of its toxicity. the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the toxic effects on acute liver injury in mice of the two kaurene glycosides (atractyloside and carbxyatractyloside), which are main toxic constituents isolated from fruct ... | 2011 | 21699085 |
| xanthium strumarium: a weed host of components of begomovirus-betasatellite complexes affecting crops. | xanthium strumarium is a common weed that often shows symptoms typical of begomovirus infection, such as leaf curling and vein thickening. the virus complex isolated from the weed consisted of two begomoviruses along with a betasatellite and an alphasatellite. the first begomovirus was shown to be an isolate of cotton leaf curl burewala virus, a new recombinant begomovirus species that is associated with resistance breaking in previously resistant cotton varieties in pakistan, whereas the second ... | 2011 | 21969121 |
| biological activities of xanthatin from xanthium strumarium leaves. | the objective of the present work was to evaluate the biological activities of the major bioactive compound, xanthatin, and other compounds from xanthium strumarium (asteraceae) leaves. inhibition of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei brucei and leukaemia hl-60 cell proliferation was assessed using resazurin as a vital stain. xanthatin was found to be the major and most active compound against t. b. brucei with an ic(50) value of 2.63 µg/ml and a selectivity index of 20. the possible mode o ... | 2011 | 21953905 |
| effect of pre-planting irrigation, maize planting pattern and nitrogen on weed seed bank population. | pre-planting irrigation and planting patterns are important factors in weed management that effect on seed bank. additionally, the nitrogen is the most important factor in plant growth that affects weed-crop competition and ultimately, seed rain into the soil. a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen application rates, pre-planting irrigation and maize planting patterns on weed seed bank population. experimental factors were nitrogen rates at 4 levels (200, 300, 400 and 5 ... | 2011 | 22696965 |
| isolation and identification of phyllospheric bacteria possessing antimicrobial activity from astragalus obtusifolius, prosopis juliflora, xanthium strumarium and hippocrepis unisiliqousa. | the widespread utilization of antimicrobial compounds has caused emergence of resistant microorganisms in the world. hence, the research to probe the products with antimicrobial features has led to finding natural habitats and discovering new pharmaceutical products. | 2017 | 28090278 |
| isolation and redefinition of the toxic agent from cocklebur (xanthium strumarium). | | 1980 | 7451764 |
| identification and functional characterization of sesquiterpene synthases from xanthium strumarium. | xanthium strumarium synthesizes various pharmacologically active sesquiterpenes. the molecular characterization of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in x. strumarium has not been reported so far. in this study, the cdnas coding for three sesquiterpene synthases (designated as xstps1, xstps2 and xstps3) were isolated using the x. strumarium transcriptome that we recently constructed. xstps1, xstps2 and xstps3 were revealed to have primary activities forming germacrene d, guaia-4,6-diene and germacrene a ... | 2016 | 26858282 |
| in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of xanthium strumarium l. extracts on methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the excessive and repeated use of antibiotics in medicine has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains, including staphylococcus aureus whose emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has reduced the number of antibiotics available to treat clinical infections caused by this bacterium. in this study, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract of xanthium strumarium l. leaves were evaluated on methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphyloco ... | 2013 | 25284944 |
| how do leaf hydraulics limit stomatal conductance at high water vapour pressure deficits? | a reduction in leaf stomatal conductance (g) with increasing leaf-to-air difference in water vapour pressure (d) is nearly ubiquitous. ecological comparisons of sensitivity have led to the hypothesis that the reduction in g with increasing d serves to maintain leaf water potentials above those that would cause loss of hydraulic conductance. a reduction in leaf water potential is commonly hypothesized to cause stomatal closure at high d. the importance of these particular hydraulic factors was te ... | 2006 | 16898024 |
| weed control in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) with post-emergent herbicides. | sunflower is the most important oil crop in hungary, is the base of the production of cooking oil and moreover takes an important part in production of margarine too. extracted sunflower groats as a secondary product origining from the mentioned procedure can be used in forage successfully. the amount of harvested sunflower reaches the 20-25% of the eu's yield. the sowing area approaches 500 thousand hectares. the essential condition of successful crop production is the perfect weed control. sow ... | 2005 | 16637218 |
| report: screening of selected medicinal plants for their enzyme inhibitory potential - a validation of their ethnopharmacological uses. | in present study four medicinal plants namely valeriana wallichii, xanthium strumarium, achyranthes aspera and duchesnea indica belonging to different families were collected in khyber pakhtunkhwa province and crude extract and subsequent fractions were analyzed for their inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase enzymes. valeriana wallichii, xanthium strumarium and achyranthes aspera were significantly active against cholinesterases. chloroform a ... | 2014 | 24811822 |
| evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of selected medicinal plants of khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan. | in present study, the anti-inflammatory potential of three medicinal plants, xanthium strumarium, achyranthes aspera and duchesnea indica were evaluated, using both in vitro and in vivo assays. carrageenan induced hind paw edema model was used to carry out the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, while for in vitro screening lipoxygenase inhibition assay was used. crude extract of all the selected plants depicted significant (plt;0.001) anti-inflammatory activity, at late phase of inflammation. a ... | 2014 | 24577927 |
| metal analysis, phytotoxic, insecticidal and cytotoxic activities of selected medicinal plants of khyber pakhtunkhwa. | in the present study four medicinal plants traditionally used in pakistan for treatment of various ailments were evaluated for their heavy metals content, insecticidal, cytotoxic and phytotoxic actions. the metals like cr, cu, zn, mn, ni, pb, fe and co were determined in crude extract and various fractions. soil samples were also tested for heavy metals to determine assimilation of any metal by the plant. lead, chromium, copper, nickel and cobalt exceeded the permissible limit in most of the tes ... | 2012 | 22186309 |
| analysis of the free amino acid content in pollen of nine asteraceae species of known allergenic activity. | the study reports the free amino acid composition of the pollen of nine members of the family asteraceae, i.e. ageratum conyzoides l., blumea oxyodonta dc., eupatorium odoratum l., gnaphalium indicum l., mikania scandens willd., parthenium hysterophorus l., spilanthes acmella murr., vernonia cinerea (l.) lees. and xanthium strumarium l. by thin layer chromatography. the amino acid content was found to vary from 0.5-4.0% of the total dry weight. fourteen amino acids were identified, among which a ... | 1998 | 9852488 |
| predicting incursion of plant invaders into kruger national park, south africa: the interplay of general drivers and species-specific factors. | overcoming boundaries is crucial for incursion of alien plant species and their successful naturalization and invasion within protected areas. previous work showed that in kruger national park, south africa, this process can be quantified and that factors determining the incursion of invasive species can be identified and predicted confidently. here we explore the similarity between determinants of incursions identified by the general model based on a multispecies assemblage, and those identifie ... | 2011 | 22194893 |
| behavioral and electroantennogram responses of plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, to selected noxious plant extracts and insecticides. | behavioral and electroantennogram responses of plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), adults were tested for several methanolic plant extracts and organically approved insecticides. plant extracts were evaluated for their potential as antifeedants or oviposition deterrents. these extract responses were also compared to those elicited by the non-neurotoxic, organic irritant-insecticide kaolin clay. both sexes of plum curculio exhibited antennal response as mea ... | 2014 | 25368046 |
| effect of abscisic acid on the gain of the feedback loop involving carbon dioxide and stomata. | gains of the feedback loops involving intercellular co(2) concentration on one hand, and co(2) assimilation and stomata on the other (= assimilation loop with gain [g(a)] and conductance loop with gain [g(g)]) were determined in detached leaves of amaranthus powelli s. wats., avena sativa l., gossypium hirsutum l., xanthium strumarium l., and zea mays in the absence and presence of 10(-5)m (+/-) abscisic acid (aba) in the transpiration stream. determinations were made for an ambient co(2) concen ... | 1978 | 16660528 |
| analytical confirmation of xanthium strumarium poisoning in cattle. | xanthium strumarium, commonly referred to as "cocklebur," rarely causes poisoning in cattle. when mature, this robust, annual weed bears numerous oval, brownish, spiny burs. only the seeds in the burs and young seedlings (cotyledonary leaves) contain the toxic principle, carboxyatractyloside. in the frankfort district of the free state province of south africa, a herd of 150 bonsmara cows were allowed to graze on the banks of a small river, where mature cocklebur was growing. four cows died whil ... | 2014 | 25012081 |
| activity of mesotrione on resistant weeds in maize. | mesotrione is a new callistemone herbicide that inhibits the hppd enzyme (p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) and introduces a new naturally selective tool into weed-management programmes for use in maize. mesotrione provides control of the major broad-leaved weeds, and it can be used in integrated weed-management programmes depending on the grower's preferred weed-control strategy. at post-emergence rates of 150 g ai ha-1 or less, mesotrione provides naturally selective control of key species ... | 2002 | 12233193 |
| susceptibility of riparian wetland plants to perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) accumulation. | as plants have been shown to accumulate organic compounds from contaminated sediments, there is a potential for long-lasting ecological impact as a result of contaminant accumulation in riparian areas of wetlands, particularly the accumulation of non-biodegradable contaminants such as perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa). in this study, commonly found riparian wetland plants including reeds, i.e., xanthium strumarium, phragmites australis, schoenoplectus corymbosus, ruppia maritime; populus canescens, ... | 2014 | 24933893 |
| the high oxygen atmosphere toward the end-cretaceous; a possible contributing factor to the k/t boundary extinctions and to the emergence of c(4) species. | angiosperm plants were grown under either the present day 21 kpa o(2) atmosphere or 28 kpa, as estimated for the end-cretaceous (100-65 mybp). co(2) was held at different levels, within the 24-60 pa range, as also estimated for the same period. in c(3) xanthium strumarium and atriplex prostrata, leaf area and net photosynthesis per unit leaf area, were reduced by the high o(2), while the whole-plant respiration/photosynthesis ratio increased. the high o(2) effects were strongest under 24 pa, but ... | 2001 | 11413216 |
| gravitropism in higher plant shoots. iv. further studies on participation of ethylene. | ethylene at 1.0 and 10.0 cubic centimeters per cubic meter decreased the rate of gravitropic bending in stems of cocklebur (xanthium strumarium l.) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill), but 0.1 cubic centimeter per cubic meter ethylene had little effect. treating cocklebur plants with 1.0 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine (avg) (ethylene synthesis inhibitor) delayed stem bending compared with controls, but adding 0.1 cubic centimeter per cubic meter ethylene in the surrounding atmosphere ( ... | 1986 | 11539089 |
| phytochemical compositions and biological activities of essential oil from xanthium strumarium l. | the chemical composition of the essential oil (eo) from fresh cocklebur (xanthium strumarium l.) leaves was investigated by gc-ms. the antimicrobial activity of the eo was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. scolicidal activity was assayed against echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. in total, 34 compounds were identified, accounting for 98.96% of the eo. the main compounds in the eo were cis-β-guaiene (34.2%), limonene (20.3%), borneol (11.6%), bornyl acetate (4 ... | 2015 | 25898416 |
| two new compounds from xanthium strumarium. | one new lignan, fructusol a (1), and one new thiazine derivative, 2-hydroxy-xanthiazone (2), along with eight known ones, were isolated from the seeds of xanthium strumarium. the structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. meanwhile, compounds 1-3 were tested for their antifungal activities against candida albicans (atcc 10231) in vitro. no one showed obvious inhibitions (mic90 > 128 μg/ml). | 2016 | 26629595 |
| host status of seven weed species and their effects on ditylenchus destructor infestation of peanut. | the host suitability to ditylenchus destructor of seven common weed species in peanut (arachis hypogaea) fields in south africa was determined. based on the number of nematodes per root unit, white goosefoot (chenopodium album), feathertop chloris (chloris virgata), purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus), jimson weed (datura stramonium), goose grass (eleusine indica), khaki weed (tagetes minuta), and cocklebur (xanthium strumarium) were poor hosts. ditylenchus destructor survived on all weed species ... | 1990 | 19287723 |
| anti-bacterial effect of essential oil from xanthium strumarium against shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) serotype o157:h7 is one of the most important human pathogenic microorganisms, which can cause life-threatening infections. xanthium strumarium l. is a plant with anti-bacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. this study aims to demonstrate in vitro efficacy of the essential oil (eo) extracted from xanthium strumarium l. against e. coli o157:h7. using the agar test diffusion, the effect of xanthium strumarium l. eo (5, 10, ... | 2016 | 27650979 |
| transpiration-induced changes in the photosynthetic capacity of leaves. | high transpiration rates were found to affect the photosynthetic capacity of xanthium strumarium l. leaves in a manner analagous to that of low soil water potential. the effect was also looked for and found in gossypium hirsutum l., agathis robusta (c. moore ex muell.) bailey, eucalyptus microcarpa maiden, larrea divaricata cav., the wilty flacca tomato mutant (lycopersicon esculentum (l.) mill.) and scrophularia desertorum (munz) shaw. two methods were used to distinguish between effects on sto ... | 1984 | 24258416 |
| separation and measurement of direct and indirect effects of light on stomata. | conductance for water vapor, assimilation of co(2), and intercellular co(2) concentration of leaves of five species were determined at various irradiances and ambient co(2) concentrations. conductance and assimilation were then plotted as functions of irradiance and intercellular co(2) concentration. the slopes of these curves allowed us to estimate infinitesimal changes in conductance (and assimilation) that occurred when irradiance changed and intercellular co(2) concentration was constant, an ... | 1981 | 16661884 |
| correlation between loss of turgor and accumulation of abscisic acid in detached leaves. | mature leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l. (red kidney bean), xanthium strumarium l. (cocklebur), and gossypium hirsutum l. (cotton) were used to study accumulation of abscisic acid (aba) during water stress. the water status of individual, detached leaves was monitored while the leaves slowly wilted, and samples were cut from the leaves as they lost water. the leaf sections were incubated at their respecitive water contents to allow aba to build up or not. at least 8 h were required for a new stead ... | 1980 | 24309706 |
| determination of the pore size of cell walls of living plant cells. | the limiting diameter of pores in the walls of living plant cells through which molecules can freely pass has been determined by a solute exclusion technique to be 35 to 38 angstroms for hair cells of raphanus sativus roots and fibers of gossypium hirsutum, 38 to 40 angstroms for cultured cells of acer pseudoplatanus, and 45 to 52 angstroms for isolated palisade parenchyma cells of the leaves of xanthium strumarium and commelina communis. these results indicate that molecules with diameters larg ... | 1979 | 17735052 |
| on the resistance to transpiration of the sites of evaporation within the leaf. | the rates of transpiration from the upper and lower surfaces of leaves of gossypium hirsutum, xanthium strumarium, and zea mays were compared with the rates at which helium diffused across those leaves. there was no evidence for effects of co(2) concentration or rate of evaporation on the resistance to water loss from the evaporating surface ("resistance of the mesophyll wall to transpiration") and no evidence for any significant wall resistance in turgid tissues. the possible existence of a wal ... | 1978 | 16660404 |
| simultaneous requirement of carbon dioxide and abscisic acid for stomatal closing in xanthium strumarium l. | open stomata of detached leaves of xanthium strumarium l. closed only when carbon dioxide and abscisic acid (aba) were presented simultaneously. three parameters of stomatal closing were determined after additions of aba to the irrigation water of detached leaves, while the leaves were exposed to various co2 concentrations ([co2]s) in the air; a) the delay between addition of aba and a reduction of stomatal conductance by 5%, b) the velocity of stomatal closing, and c) the new conductance. chang ... | 1975 | 24435438 |
| trichosanthes kirilowii exerts androgenic activity via regulation of psa and klk2 in 22rv1 prostate cancer cells. | the androgen comprises a group of hormones that play roles in male reproductive activity as well as personal characteristics. | 2017 | 28216900 |
| assessment of attractiveness of plants as roosting sites for the melon fly, bactrocera cucurbitae, and oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis. | the use of toxic protein bait sprays to suppress melon fly, bactrocera cucurbitae (coquillett) (diptera: tephritidae), populations typically involves application to vegetation bordering agricultural host areas where the adults seek shelter ("roost"). although bait spray applications for suppression of oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis (hendel), populations have traditionally been applied to the host crop, rather than to crop borders, roosting by oriental fruit flies in borders of some crop ... | 2007 | 20334596 |
| herbal supplements and hepatotoxicity: a short review. | herbal products have gained popularity over the past few decades. the reasons attributed to the rise in popularity are cheaper costs, easy availability, patient compliance and fewer side effects. however, liver toxicity following consumption of herbal remedies is on the increase. thus, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanism of action of the herbal supplements on the liver. occasionally, herbal supplements may also interact with conventional drugs. the present review focusses on a fe ... | 2015 | 26669124 |
| effect of monosodium methanarsonate application on cuticle wax content of cocklebur and cotton plants. | leaf cuticle waxes were extracted from monosodium methanearsonate (msma)-resistant (r) and -susceptible (s) common cocklebur (xanthium strumarium l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants at 0, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment (dat) following 1x and 2x msma applications. wax constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) with flame ionization detection and compared to alkane and alcohol standards of carbon lengths varying from c21 to c30. differences in waxes were calculated and repor ... | 2006 | 16893783 |
| msma resistance studies. | monosodium methanearsonate (msma)-resistant and -susceptible common cocklebur (xanthium strumarium l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were treated with msma. plant parameters analyzed were: glutathione synthetase activity, selected amino acid (arginine, glutamic acid, alanine, citrulline, glutamine, and glutathione) content and arsenic content (msma, total arsenic, and arsonate). no reduction of arsenic from the parent pentavalent form present in msma to the trivalent form was detected. argi ... | 2004 | 15473645 |