| structural diversity of nuptial pads in phyllomedusinae (amphibia: anura: hylidae). | we studied the morphological variation of the nuptial pads using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (sem) in 26 species of phyllomedusines (anura: hylidae), representing the five currently recognized genera. all phyllomedusines have single nuptial pads with dark colored epidermal projections (eps). spine-shaped eps occur in cruziohyla calcarifer, phrynomedusa appendiculata and in one species of phasmahyla. the other species have roundish eps. the density of the eps on the pad is v ... | 2012 | 22419239 |
| dead or alive? viability of chytrid zoospores shed from live amphibian hosts. | pathogens vary in virulence and rates of transmission because of many differences in the host, the pathogen, and their environment. the amphibian chytrid fungus, batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd), affects amphibian hosts differently, causing extinction and population declines in some species but having limited effects on others. phenotypic differences in zoospore production rates among bd lineages likely contribute to some of the variation observed among host responses, although no studies hav ... | 2016 | 27225201 |
| first in vivo batrachochytrium dendrobatidis transcriptomes reveal mechanisms of host exploitation, host-specific gene expression, and expressed genotype shifts. | for generalist pathogens, host species represent distinct selective environments, providing unique challenges for resource acquisition and defense from host immunity, potentially resulting in host-dependent differences in pathogen fitness. gene expression modulation should be advantageous, responding optimally to a given host and mitigating the costs of generalism. batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd), a fungal pathogen of amphibians, shows variability in pathogenicity among isolates, and within- ... | 2017 | 27856699 |
| a peptide of the phylloseptin family from the skin of the frog hylomantis lemur (phyllomedusinae) with potent in vitro and in vivo insulin-releasing activity. | a peptide with the ability to release insulin from the rat brin-bd11 clonal beta cell line was isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the lemur leaf frog hylomantis lemur boulenger,1882. determination of the primary structure (flsliphvisalssl.nh(2)) demonstrated that the peptide belongs to the phylloseptin family whose members have previously been identified in other phyllomedusinae species. a synthetic replicate of the peptide, termed phylloseptin-l2, produced a significant ... | 2008 | 18848963 |
| peptides with differential cytolytic activity from skin secretions of the lemur leaf frog hylomantis lemur (hylidae: phyllomedusinae). | two peptides with differential cytolytic activity against bacteria, a fungus pathogenic to amphibians, and mammalian cells were isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the lemur leaf frog hylomantis lemur boulenger, 1882. dermaseptin-l1 (glwskikeaakaagkaalnavtglvnqgdqps) was active against the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli (mic=8 microm) but inactive against the gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus aureus. this peptide inhibited growth of zoospores of the chytrid ... | 2007 | 17561225 |
| predicted disease susceptibility in a panamanian amphibian assemblage based on skin peptide defenses. | chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease of amphibians caused by a chytrid fungus, batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. this panzootic does not equally affect all amphibian species within an assemblage; some populations decline, others persist. little is known about the factors that affect disease resistance. differences in behavior, life history, biogeography, or immune function may impact survival. we found that an innate immune defense, antimicrobial skin peptides, varied significantly a ... | 2006 | 16870844 |
| causes of mortality in anuran amphibians from an ex situ survival assurance colony in panama. | the success of ex situ survival assurance populations as tools for amphibian conservation depends on the health and reproductive success of founder populations. necropsy examination and histopathology of animals that die in assurance populations are useful for the identification of population-limiting disease problems and can help to direct applied research efforts in areas such as amphibian husbandry and nutrition. this study reviewed postmortem findings in 167 frogs from 13 species that died i ... | 2014 | 25255888 |