| the role of rumen protozoa in the utilization of paspalum (paspalum dilatatum) hay by cattle. | six friesian heifers (250 kg live weight) with permanent cannulas in the rumen and abomasum were allocated at random into two groups of three. one group was treated with teric gn9 (ici (aust.) ltd) to defaunate the animals during the first two of the four periods of the experiment, after which they were refaunated. the second group was treated with teric at the end of the first two periods. the dietary treatments were: paspalum (paspalum dilatatum) hay (4.1 kg/d) given alone and the hay suppleme ... | 1987 | 3036198 |
| a toxic metabolite of nigrospora oryzae (berk and br.) petch. | nigrospora oryzae was isolated from dallisgrass (paspalum dilatatum poir.) collected in auburn and from hay shipped under refrigeration to florida. some of these samples were eaten by cattle and horses that subsequently developed lameness. metabolites of n. oryzae were separated by thin layer chromatography and tested for toxicity. only one metabolite was toxic. metabolite a showed toxicity to brine shrimp with an ld50 = 500 micrograms/ml in 8 h. it also had an antibiotic effect on bacillus mega ... | 1986 | 3095644 |
| suspected convulsive ergotism in beef calves on overgrown dallis grass (paspalum dilatatum) pasture. | | 1987 | 3604049 |
| observations on the indirect transmission of virulent ovine footrot in sheep yards and its spread in sheep on unimproved pasture. | virulent ovine footrot was transmitted accidentally to a group of 23 adult merino sheep (flock b) after holding for 1 hour in sheep yards, which earlier the same day had contained another flock (flock a) with < 1% prevalence of sheep with footrot lesions. sheep in flock b were rendered susceptible to virulent footrot by grazing 600 mm high unimproved pasture dominated by paspalum (paspalum dilatatum) and kangaroo grass (themeda australis) during warm, humid and wet weather. in addition to moistu ... | 1995 | 7646377 |
| sequence diversity of beta-tubulin (tuba) gene in phaeosphaeria nodorum and p. avenaria. | full-length coding sequences of the beta-tubulin gene (tuba) were pcr-amplified and sequenced from 42 phaeosphaeria isolates, including 16 p. nodorum and 23 p. avenaria species from cereals, two polish isolates from rye (secale cereale l.), and one isolate from dallis grass (paspalum dilatatum poir). a tuba gene of size 1556bp was identified in wheat- and barley-biotype p. nodorum (pn-w and pn-b), p. avenaria f. sp. avenaria (paa), homothallic p. avenaria f. sp. triticea (p.a.t.) (pat1) and the ... | 2005 | 15972251 |
| staggers in horses grazing paspalum infected with claviceps paspali. | invasion of the flowering heads of grasses by claviceps spp. can produce sclerotia (ergots) containing several toxins. ingestion of these toxins, through the consumption of paspalum (paspalum dilatatum), can induce a range of clinical symptoms, including staggers. cattle are the most commonly affected species, but although sheep and horses have been reported affected there are no published descriptions of paspalum staggers in horses. we describe two occurrences of paspalum staggers, the first in ... | 2010 | 20854295 |
| full genome sequence analysis of two isolates reveals a novel xanthomonas species close to the sugarcane pathogen xanthomonas albilineans. | xanthomonas albilineans is the bacterium responsible for leaf scald, a lethal disease of sugarcane. within the xanthomonas genus, x. albilineans exhibits distinctive genomic characteristics including the presence of significant genome erosion, a non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (nrps) locus involved in albicidin biosynthesis, and a type 3 secretion system (t3ss) of the salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (spi-1) family. we sequenced two x. albilineans-like strains isolated from unusual environments ... | 2015 | 26213974 |
| rubisco activities, properties, and regulation in three different c4 grasses under drought. | in c4 plants, water deficit may decrease photosynthetic co2 assimilation independently of changes in stomatal conductance, suggesting decreased turnover by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). the activity and biochemistry of rubisco was studied in three different c4 grasses: paspalum dilatatum, cynodon dactylon, and zoysia japonica. the objectives were to characterize the c4 rubisco in these species and to identify factors associated with decreased photosynthetic rates cau ... | 2010 | 20363871 |
| drought stress increases the production of 5-hydroxynorvaline in two c4 grasses. | plants produce various compounds in response to water deficit. here, the presence and identification of a drought-inducible non-protein amino acid in the leaves of two c(4) grasses is first reported. the soluble amino acids extracted from the leaves of three different species were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography of derivatives formed with o-phthaldialdehyde and beta-mercaptoethanol. one amino acid that increased in amount with drought stress had a retention time not correspond ... | 2009 | 19359022 |
| the activities of pep carboxylase and the c4 acid decarboxylases are little changed by drought stress in three c4 grasses of different subtypes. | the c4 photosynthetic pathway involves the assimilation of co2 by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) and the subsequent decarboxylation of c4 acids. the enzymes of the co2 concentrating mechanism could be affected under water deficit and limit c4 photosynthesis. three different c4 grasses were submitted to gradually induced drought stress conditions: paspalum dilatatum (nadp-malic enzyme, nadp-me), cynodon dactylon (nad-malic enzyme, nad-me) and zoysia japonica (pep carboxykinase, pepck). mo ... | 2008 | 18629606 |
| photorespiration in c4 grasses remains slow under drought conditions. | the co(2)-concentrating mechanism present in c(4) plants decreases the oxygenase activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) and, consequently, photorespiratory rates in air. under drought conditions, the intercellular co(2) concentration may decrease and cause photorespiration to increase. the c(4) grasses paspalum dilatatum poiret, cynodon dactylon (l.) pers. and zoysia japonica steudel were grown in soil and drought was imposed by ceasing to provide water. net co(2) ... | 2008 | 18331589 |
| ground cover impacts on nitrogen export from manured riparian pasture. | maintaining ground cover of forages may reduce the export of nitrogen (n) from pastures. the objective of this work was to determine the effect of ground cover on n export from pastured riparian areas receiving simulated rainfall. plots were established on two adjacent sites in the north carolina piedmont: one of 10% slope with appling sandy loam soils and a second of 20% slope with wedowee sandy loam soils. both sites had existing mixed tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-dallisgrass (pas ... | 2007 | 17215223 |
| ground cover impacts on sediment and phosphorus export from manured riparian pasture. | maintaining pasture ground cover is important in preventing environmental degradation of grasslands and associated riparian areas. the objective of this work was to determine the effect of ground cover on sediment and p export from pastured riparian areas under simulated rainfall events. plots were established on two sites in the north carolina piedmont: a 10% slope with appling sandy loam soils (fine, kaolinitic, thermic typic kanhapludults) and a 20% slope with wedowee sandy loam soils (fine, ... | 2006 | 17071887 |
| effects of supplementary selenium source on the performance and blood measurements in beef cows and their calves. | on december 2, 1999, 120 pregnant cows were weighed, their body condition scored, and then sorted into six groups of 20 stratified by bcs, bw, breed, and age. groups were assigned randomly to six, 5.1-ha dormant common bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.) pastures for 2 yr to determine the effects of supplemental se and its source on performance and blood measurements. during the winter, each group of cows had ad libitum access to bermudagrass/dallisgrass (paspalum dilatatum poir.) hay plu ... | 2003 | 12723072 |
| winter-annual pasture as a supplement for beef cows. | in each of two experiments, 120 pregnant beef cows were stratified by body condition score, bw, breed, and age, randomly divided into six groups of 20, and assigned to one of six 5.1-ha bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.) pastures (two replicates/ treatment) in early january to evaluate the use of winter-annual pasture as a supplement. all cows in exp. 1 and 2 had ad libitum access to bermudagrass/dallisgrass (paspalum dilatatum poir.) hay plus three treatments: 1) a concentrate-based sup ... | 2002 | 12019601 |
| importance of body tissues as sources of nutrients for milk synthesis in the cow, using 13c as a marker. | 1. the proportions of carbon in individual milk constituents derived from feed and body tissues in dairy cows, were estimated by taking advantage of the natural variations which occur in the ratio, 13c:12c present in c3- and c4-plant species. 2. four cows, which had previously grazed c3 plants (ryegrass (lolium spp.) and white clover (trifolium repens)), were accustomed to indoor feeding on a ration of c3-plant material (cut pastures and barley meal). the ration was then changed abruptly to one ... | 1988 | 3219327 |
| rapd analysis reveals genetic variability among sexual and apomictic paspalum dilatatum poiret biotypes. | paspalum dilatatum is a valuable forage grass in the subtropics. this species consists of several sexual (tetraploid) and apomict (penta- and hexaploid) biotypes. it has been proposed that the presence of a genome of unknown origin, the x genome, is responsible for apomixis in penta- and hexaploid biotypes. here we evaluated the utility of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers for discriminating sexual and apomictic p. dilatatum biotypes. dna samples from nine accessions, including p. ... | 2006 | 12407221 |
| digestive utilization of ozone-exposed forage by rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | a mixture of common southern piedmont (usa) grassland species (lolium arundinacea, paspalum dilatatum, cynodon dactylon and trifolium repens) was exposed to o(3) [ambient (non-filtered; nf) and twice-ambient (2x) concentrations] and fed to individually caged new zealand white rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in a digestibility experiment. forages and feed refusals were analyzed for concentrations of total cell wall constituents, lignin, crude protein, and soluble and hydrolyzable phenolic fractio ... | 2012 | 22296918 |
| performance and economic analyses of year-round forage systems for forage-fed beef production in the gulf coast. | on a global scale, most beef is produced from grazing pastures or rangelands. certain limitations exist, however, such as not having adequate animal rates of gain for marbling and availability of adequate forage nutritional value and quantity for constant animal weight gains. in the last 20 yr, there has been an increased interest in forage-fed beef for multiple reasons (health related, environmental concerns, and welfare issues). starting on june 5, 13, 14, and 8 in 4 consecutive yr, 54 steers ... | 2014 | 25367513 |
| changes in southern piedmont grassland community structure and nutritive quality with future climate scenarios of elevated tropospheric ozone and altered rainfall patterns. | forage species common to the southern usa piedmont region, lolium arundinacea, paspalum dilatatum, cynodon dactylon and trifolium repens, were established in a model pasture system to test the future climate change scenario of increasing ozone exposure in combination with varying rainfall amounts on community structure and nutritive quality. forages were exposed to two levels of ozone [ambient (non-filtered; nf) and twice ambient (2×) concentrations] with three levels of precipitation (average o ... | 2016 | 25727344 |
| indole-diterpenoid profiles of claviceps paspali and claviceps purpurea from high-resolution fourier transform orbitrap mass spectrometry. | the biological activities most commonly associated with indole-diterpenoids are tremorgenicity in mammals and toxicity in insects through modulation of ion channels. the neurotoxic effects of some analogues are the cause of syndromes such as 'ryegrass staggers' and 'paspalum staggers' in cattle and sheep. our purpose was to obtain and interpret mass spectra of some pure claviceps-related indole-diterpenoids (paspaline, paspalinine, paxilline, paspalitrems a and b) to facilitate identification of ... | 2014 | 24895259 |
| reproduction of meloidogyne marylandi and m. incognita on several poaceae. | the susceptibility of 22 plant species to meloidogyne marylandi and m. incognita was examined in three greenhouse experiments. inoculum of m. marylandi was eggs from cultures maintained on zoysia matrella "cavalier" or cynodon dactylon x c. trasvaalensis "tifdwarf". inoculum of m. incognita was eggs from cultures maintained on solanum lycopersicum 'rutgers'. in each host test the inoculum density was 2,000 nematode eggs/pot. none of the three dicot species tested (gossypium hirsutum, arachis hyp ... | 2009 | 22661770 |
| grasses of different c4 subtypes reveal leaf traits related to drought tolerance in their natural habitats: changes in structure, water potential, and amino acid content. | three grasses (poaceae) of different c(4) subtypes, paspalum dilatatum (nadp-malic enzyme [me]), cynodon dactylon (nad-me) and zoysia japonica (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), occur in natural habitats that differ in annual rainfall. their leaf characteristics were studied to identify traits related to drought tolerance. plants were grown in pots, and water deficit was gradually induced by withholding water. leaves of z. japonica had the greatest and p. dilatatum the lowest relative dry matt ... | 2009 | 21628271 |
| productivity, utilization, and nutritive quality of dallisgrass (paspalum dilatatum) as influenced by stocking density and rest period under continuous or rotational stocking. | dallisgrass (paspalum dilatatum) is well adapted to the black belt physiographic region of the southeastern united states, and information on its productivity and nutritive quality as influenced by grazing management is needed. in a 2-yr grazing experiment, replicate 0.40-ha paddocks in established dallisgrass pasture were continuously stocked, or replicate 0.40-ha paddocks were subdivided into two 0.20-ha (rs2), three 0.13-ha (rs3), or four 0.10-ha (rs4) cells and rotationally stocked with year ... | 2010 | 20971886 |