| filamentous fungi associated with holothurians from the sea of japan, off the primorye coast of russia. | holothurians (holothurioidea, echinodermata) are known to contain triterpene glycosides, which show antifungal activity. nevertheless, fungi can be isolated from all organs of holothurians. during 1995-1996, mycelial fungi from several far-eastern holothurians--apostichopus japonicus, eupentacta fraudatrix, cucumaria japonica--were collected from the sea of japan near the coast of primorye (russia) and studied. twenty-seven species of marine fungi, mostly facultative ones belonging to the mitosp ... | 2000 | 10707818 |
| [screening of marine bacteria for fucoidan hydrolases]. | twenty-five strains of epiphytic marine bacteria isolated from the brown algae fucus evanescens and chorda filum and fifty-three bacteria isolated from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus were screened for fucoidanases using fucoidans prepared from the brown algae f. evanescens, laminaria cichorioides, and l. japonica. eighteen bacterial epiphytes and thirty-eight bacterial isolates from the sea cucumber were found to contain fucoidanases, which were able to hydrolyze either all of the fucoi ... | 2000 | 10920807 |
| arenibacter gen. nov., new genus of the family flavobacteriaceae and description of a new species, arenibacter latericius sp. nov. | five dark-orange-pigmented, gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterial strains were isolated from sandy sediment samples collected in the south china sea in the indian ocean, from a holothurian, apostichopus japonicus, in the sea of japan and from a brown alga, chorda filum, from the sea of okhotsk in the pacific ocean. phenotypic data were collected, demonstrating that the bacteria are chemo-organotrophic and require seawater-based media for growth. polar lipids were analysed and ... | 2001 | 11760939 |
| [degradation of fucoidan by the marine proteobacterium pseudoalteromonas citrea]. | it was found that pseudoalteromonas citrea strains kmm 3296 and kmm 3298 isolated from the brown algae fucus evanescens and chorda filum, respectively, and strain 3297 isolated from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus are able to degrade fucoidans. the fucoidanases of these strains efficiently degraded the fucoidan of brown algae at ph 6.5-7.0 and remained active at 40-50 degrees c. the endo-type hydrolysis of fucoidan resulted in the formation of sulfated alpha-l-fucooligosaccharides. the o ... | 2002 | 11910806 |
| [characterization of marine bacteria pseudoalteromonas citrea degradating fucoidan]. | two strains kmm 3296 and kmm 3298, isolated from the surface of brown algae chorda filum and fucus evanescens thalli and strain kmm 3297, isolated from celomic fluid of holoturian apostichopus japonicus, were identified as pseudoalteromonas citrea on the basis of pheno-, geno- and phylotypic features. the studied bacteria were different from other bacteria of the species as to their ability to destruct sulphated polysaccharides of brown algae, fucoidans. | 2002 | 12190022 |
| occurrence and diversity of mesophilic shewanella strains isolated from the north-west pacific ocean. | although bacteria of the genus shewanella belong to one of the readily cultivable groups of "gammaproteobacteria", little is known about the occurrence and abundance of these microorganisms in the marine ecosystem. studies revealed that of 654 isolates obtained from marine invertebrates (ophiuroid amphiopholis kochii, sipuncula phascolosoma japonicum, and holothurian apostichopus japonicus, cucumaria japonica), seawater and sediments of the north-west pacific ocean (i.e. the sea of japan and itu ... | 2003 | 12866857 |
| vitellibacter vladivostokensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the phylum cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides. | a novel heterotrophic, yellow-orange-pigmented, non-motile, asporogenic, strictly aerobic, gram-negative, oxidase and catalase-positive bacterium kmm 3516(t) was isolated from the holothurian apostichopus japonicus collected from troitsa bay in the gulf of peter the great (sea of japan) during november 1997. 16s rdna sequence analysis revealed that strain kmm 3516(t) was a member of the family flavobacteriaceae: the dna g+c content of kmm 3516(t) was 41.3 mol%. major respiratory quinone was mk-6 ... | 2003 | 13130007 |
| intracellular alginolytic enzymes of the marine bacterium pseudoalteromonas citrea kmm 3297. | the marine bacterium pseudoalteromonas citrea kmm 3297 is an associate of the holothurian apostichopus japonicus. when grown in a medium containing glucose, the strain produces two intracellular alginolytic enzymes, ali and alii. fucoidan from the brown alga fucus evanescens induces synthesis of one more alginolytic enzyme, aliii. these enzymes were separated using anion-exchange chromatography. the alginate lyase ali completely retains its activity at 35 degrees c, alii and aliii being stable a ... | 2004 | 15061691 |
| salegentibacter holothuriorum sp. nov., isolated from the edible holothurian apostichopus japonicus. | strain kmm 3524t was isolated from the holothurian apostichopus japonicus living in the sea of japan. the bacterial strain was pigmented, non-motile, gram-negative, strictly aerobic and oxidase-, catalase- and beta-galactosidase-positive. from the results of 16s rdna sequence analysis, strain kmm 3524t was found to be related closely to salegentibacter salegens (98.1%). dna-dna homology between strains kmm 3524t and s. salegens dsm 5424t was 38%; this showed clearly that the holothurian isolate ... | 2004 | 15280277 |
| [distribution of intracellular fucoidan hydrolases among marine bacteria of the family flavobacteriaceae]. | a search for fucoidan-degrading enzymes and other o-glycosylhydrolases has been performed among 51 strains of marine bacteria of the family flavobacteriaceae isolated from red, green, and brown algae, as well as from the sea urchin strongylocentrotus intermedius and the holothurian apostichopus japonicus. over 40% of the studied strains synthesized fucoidanases. the marine bacteria mesonia algae kmm 3909(t) (an isolate from green alga acrosiphonia sonderi), as well as maribacter sp. kmm 6211 and ... | 2006 | 17066955 |
| acute peristome edema disease in juvenile and adult sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus (selenka) reared in north china. | acute peristome edema disease (aped) is a new disease that broke out in cultured sea cucumber along the shangdong and liaoning province coasts in china, pr, and has caused a great deal of death in apostichopus japonicus (selenka) since 2004. here we report virus-like particles found in intestine epithelium of sea cucumbers reared in north china. it is the first time that sea cucumbers are reported to be infected by virus. histological examinations showed that the viral inclusion bodies existed i ... | 2007 | 17462667 |
| molecular and biological characterization of a mannan-binding lectin from the holothurian apostichopus japonicus. | to elucidate the origin and evolution of mannan-binding lectins (mbl), a new c-type lectin (ctl) specific for high-mannose glycans (mbl-aj) was isolated from the coelomic plasma of the holothurian apostichopus japonicus. mbl-aj has oligomeric forms with identical 17-kda subunits on sds-page. among natural ligands, lectin hemagglutination activity was competitively inhibited by extracellular low-branched, but not high-branched, alpha-d-mannans isolated from marine halophilic bacteria and composed ... | 2007 | 17890508 |
| polysaccharides from astragalus membranaceus promote phagocytosis and superoxide anion (o2-) production by coelomocytes from sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus in vitro. | the potential immunostimulatory effects of astralagus membranaceus polysaccharides (aps) on sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus (selenka), were investigated in vitro. phagocytosis and superoxide anion (o(2)(-)) production by phagocytic amoebocytes (pa) from a. japonicus coelomic fluid were measured during incubation at 18 degrees c, 22 degrees c, or 25 degrees c with aps at 0, 10, 20, or 40 microg ml(-1) (n=3). phagocytic activity against yeast cells was quantified by direct visualization, and ... | 2008 | 18221918 |
| effects of acute temperature or salinity stress on the immune response in sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. | invertebrates are increasingly raised in mariculture, where it is important to monitor immune function and to minimize stresses that could suppress immunity. the activities of phagocytosis, superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), myeloperoxidase (mpo), and lysozyme (lsz) were measured to evaluate the immune capacities of the sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus, to acute temperature changes (from 12 degrees c to 0 degrees c, 8 degrees c, 16 degrees c, 24 degrees c, and 32 degrees c for 72 h) ... | 2008 | 18640284 |
| optimization of kappa-carrageenase production by pseudoalteromonas sp. aj5. | to optimize the culture conditions of pseudoalteromonas sp. aj5 for a higher production of extracellular kappa-carrageenase. | 2008 | 18720840 |
| post-autotomy regeneration of respiratory trees in the holothurian apostichopus japonicus (holothuroidea, aspidochirotida). | specialised respiratory organs, viz. the respiratory trees attached to the dorsal part of the cloaca, are present in most holothurians. these organs evolved within the class holothuroidea and are absent in other echinoderms. some holothurian species can regenerate their respiratory trees but others lack this ability. respiratory trees therefore provide a model for investigating the origin and evolution of repair mechanisms in animals. we conducted a detailed morphological study of the regenerati ... | 2009 | 19238446 |
| purification, virulence and characterization of an extracellular peptidase produced by aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida isolated from cultured sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | strain h1, aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida isolated from an ulcer on the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus proved to be virulent toward this holothurian at 12 degrees c. extracellular products (ecp) of strain h1 were prepared, and an extracellular peptidase of 42 kda was purified from the ecp using sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography and diethylaminoethyl sepharose ion exchange chromatography. stepwise virulence tests on sea cucumbers indicated that the 42 kda peptidase was the v ... | 2008 | 19244974 |
| [studies on the purification of water-soluble holothurian glycosides from apostichopus japonicus and their tumor suppressing activity]. | to obtain water-soluble holothurian glycosides with high tumor suppressing activities from apostichopus japonicus, macroporous resin, silica gel and gel-filtration column chromatograghy were used to purify the water-soluble holothurian glycosides, and their tumor suppressing activity and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells were examined in this study. the 70% ethanol fraction of macroporous resin column, the psc-2 and psc-3 fractions from silica gel column showed very strong tumor suppressing acti ... | 2009 | 19350817 |
| [etiology of off-plate syndrome in cultured larval apostichopus japonicus at attachment stage and analysis of reservoir of pathogens]. | to clarify pathogens and sources of the off-plate syndrome at the attachment stage in the larval culture of apostichopus japonicus, and further to find out effective medicines for this disease. | 2009 | 19637571 |
| biochemical and pathogenic properties of the natural isolate of shewanella algae from peter the great bay, sea of japan. | pathogenic properties of the natural isolate of shewanella algae from the coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (peter the great bay, sea of japan) were investigated. the isolate had oxydative metabolism, was positive for ornithine decarboxylase, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, dnase and gelatinase, hemolytically active, did not produce acid from carbohydrates, and did not hydrolyze urea and esculin. the strain was resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin and suscep ... | 2009 | 19747921 |
| enhancement of non-specific immune response in sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) by astragalus membranaceus and its polysaccharides. | in this study, the immunostimulatory effect of oral administration of different preparations (conventional fine powder [cp] and superfine powder [sp]) of astragalus membranaceus root or its polysaccharides (aps) in sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) was investigated. sea cucumbers with an average initial weight of 49.3 +/- 5.65 g were fed with a diet containing 3% cp or sp or 0.3% aps over a period of 60 days. the non-specific humoral (phenoloxidase, lysozyme and agglutination titer) and cell ... | 2009 | 19748588 |
| interaction of dietary bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on the growth performance, non-specific immunity of sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. | a feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction of probiotic bacillus subtilis and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (fos) on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microflora and disease resistance of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). five hundred and forty individuals (initial body weight: 5.06 +/- 0.10 g, mean +/- s.e) were fed nine practical diets according to a 3 x 3 factorial design: the basal diet as the control diet supplemented with three levels of b. subtilis ... | 2010 | 20371291 |
| identification of the pathogens associated with skin ulceration and peristome tumescence in cultured sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus (selenka). | the aquaculture of sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus (selenka) has developed rapidly in china in recent years, but is increasingly affected by diseases such as skin ulceration and peristome tumescence. previous studies on the pathogens causing these diseases focused largely on bacterial causes. in december 2008, we isolated four dominant bacterial species from lesions present in a. japonicus with the aforementioned diseases, from a farm in yangkou (qingdao, china). with two of these bacterial ... | 2010 | 20561977 |
| production, characterization and application of monoclonal antibody to spherulocytes: a subpopulation of coelomocytes of apostichopus japonicus. | one monoclonal antibody (mab 3f6) against coelomocytes of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus was developed by immunization of balb/c mice. analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay test (iifat), immunocytochemical assay (ica), western blotting and fluorescenceactivated cell sorter (facs), mab 3f6 showed specific for spherulocytes of a. japonicus. the mab 3f6 recognized an antigen of molecular weight 136 kda in western blotting. isotype analysis revealed mab 3f6 as igg type. the flow cytomet ... | 2010 | 20659565 |
| biological characteristics and pathogenicity of a highly pathogenic shewanella marisflavi infecting sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. | shewanella marisflavi isolate ap629 is described as a novel pathogen of sea cucumber. the ld(50) values (14 days) in sea cucumber, mice and swordtail fish were 3.89 × 10(6) , 6.80 × 10(4) and 4.85 × 10(4) cfu g(-1) body weight, respectively. studies on s. marisflavi were conducted, including morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, haemolysis, whole-cell protein and 16s rdna gene sequence. colonies of s. marisflavi appeared faint red on marine agar and green on thiosulphate-cit ... | 2010 | 21039606 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterization of bacteria isolated from diseased cultured sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus in northeastern china. | during the winter-spring from 2004 to 2006 in northeastern china cultured japanese sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus suffered from a serious disease. clinical signs included swollen mouth, skin ulceration and massive mortality. clinical samples taken during this period were studied. thirty-one bacterial samples were isolated from diseased sea cucumbers and identified through biochemical tests, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and pcr amplification, followed by pathogenicity determination. the r ... | 2010 | 21133322 |
| expression of apostichopus japonicus lysozyme in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | apostichopus japonicus (sea cucumber) is one of the economically important farmed echinoderm species in northern china. as a crucial enzyme in innate immunity, lysozyme plays a key role in the overall defense against pathogens in a. japonicus. in the present study, a lysozyme gene from a. japonicus was cloned by pcr and expressed in pichia pastoris using the expression vector ppic9k. the expressed lysozyme had a molecular mass of ∼14 kd, as shown by sds-page and western-blotting. the expression ... | 2011 | 21241808 |
| [immunomodulatory effects of a mixture of apostichopus japonicus and cordyceps militaris on immunocompromised mice]. | to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of a mixture of a. japonicus and c. militaris on immune functions of immunocompromized mouse model. | 2011 | 21560314 |
| effects of dietary β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharide and their combinations on growth performance, immunity and resistance against vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. | a 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharide (mos) and their combinations on growth performance, immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. sea cucumbers (1215 individuals with initial weight of 3.8 ± 0.2 g) were fed nine practical diets according to a 3 × 3 factorial design: the basal diet as the control supplemented with three levels of β-glucan (0, 0.075, 0.15% w/w), crossed with 0, 0.1% (w/w ... | 2011 | 21672632 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of a complement component 3 in the sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | the complement system has been discovered in invertebrates and vertebrates, and plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens. as a central component in the complement system, complement component 3 (c3) is an intermediary between innate and adaptive immune system. in this study, a new isoform of c3 in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus, termed ajc3-2 was identified. its open reading frame (orf) is 5085 bp and encodes for 1695 amino acids with a putative signal peptide ... | 2011 | 21752342 |
| development of respiratory trees in the holothurian apostichopus japonicus (aspidochirotida: holothuroidea). | the development of respiratory trees in the holothurian apostichopus japonicus has been studied using light and electron microscopy. primordial respiratory trees emerge in 2-3-mm-long animals (2 months after fertilization). they arise as two independent outgrowths from the dorsal wall of the anterior part of the cloaca. upon first emerging and throughout the course of development, the left respiratory tree is longer than the right one. a common base develops in 4-mm-long animals (2-3 months afte ... | 2011 | 22160455 |
| analysis and comparison of glucocerebroside species from three edible sea cucumbers using liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | sphingolipids constitute a highly diverse and complex class of molecules and exhibit important physiological functions. glucocerebrosides are anticipated to play a positive role in human nutrition. in this study, complicated glucocerebrosides from three specimens of edible sea cucumbers, specifically, acaudina molpadioides, cucumaria frondosa, and apostichopus japonicus, were rapidly identified using liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (lcms-it-tof), which is a powerf ... | 2011 | 22004409 |
| identification and comparative analysis of complement c3-associated micrornas in immune response of apostichopus japonicus by high-throughput sequencing. | micrornas (mirnas) are important effectors in mediating host-pathogen interaction. in this report, coelomocytes mirna libraries of three japanese sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus were built by illumina(®) hiseq2000 from different time points after lipopolysaccharide challenge (at time 0 h, 6 h and 12 h). the clean data received from high throughput sequencing were used to sequences analysis. referenced to the strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome, 38 conserved mirnas were found, and three mir ... | 2015 | 26634300 |
| the molecular characterization and expression of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and 26 (hsp26) cdnas in sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | the heat shock proteins (hsps) are a family of proteins whose expression is enhanced in response to environmental stressors. the apostichopus japonicus hsp90 and hsp26 genes were cloned using expressed sequence tag and rapid amplification of cdna ends techniques. the full-length cdna of aphsp90 and aphsp26 contains 3,458 and 1,688 nucleotides encoding 720 and 236 amino acids, respectively. multiple alignments indicated that the deduced amino acid sequences of aphsp90 and aphsp26 shared a high le ... | 2011 | 21484287 |
| improving the quality of laminaria japonica-based diet for apostichopus japonicus through degradation of its algin content with bacillus amyloliquefaciens wb1. | laminaria japonica feedstuff is used as a substitute for sargassum thunbergii in the small-scale culturing of apostichopus japonicus (sea cucumber) because of its abundant sources and low price in china. however, the difficulty associated with the degradation of algin by a. japonicus and, hence, its utilization have limited the practical value of l. japonica feedstuff in sea cucumber farming. in this study, a. japonicus individuals were fed with l. japonica feedstuff pretreated, via fermentation ... | 2015 | 25895094 |
| effects of potential probiotic bacillus cereus en25 on growth, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | this study was conducted to determine effects of potential probiotic bacillus cereus en25 (isolated from mud of sea cucumber culturing water bodies) on growth, immunity and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. animals were respectively fed diets with b. cereus en25 at 0 (control), 10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) cfu/g for 30 days. results showed that dietary b. cereus en25 had no significant effects on growth, total coelomocytes counts a ... | 2016 | 26723266 |
| effects of dietary bacillus cereus g19, b. cereus bc-01, and paracoccus marcusii db11 supplementation on the growth, immune response, and expression of immune-related genes in coelomocytes and intestine of the sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus selenka). | probiotics have positive effects on the nutrient digestibility and absorption, immune responses, and growth of aquatic animals, including the sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus selenka). a 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of bacillus cereus g19, b. cereus bc-01 and paracoccus marcusii db11 supplementation on the growth, immune response, and expression level of four immune-related genes (aj-p105, aj-p50, aj-rel, and aj-lys) in coelomocytes and the intestine of juvenile ... | 2015 | 26052012 |
| effects of potential probiotic bacillus subtilis t13 on growth, immunity and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | a feeding experiment was conducted to determine influences of potential probiotic bacillus subtilis t13 (isolated from intestine of healthy sea cucumbers) on growth, immunity and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. animals were fed with diets containing b. subtilis t13 at 0, 10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) cfu/g for 30 days, respectively. at the end of the growth trial, fifteen sea cucumbers from each aquarium were sampled for immune in ... | 2012 | 22342649 |
| a novel bifunctional hybrid with marine bacterium alkaline phosphatase and far eastern holothurian mannan-binding lectin activities. | a fusion between the genes encoding the marine bacterium cobetia marina alkaline phosphatase (cmap) and far eastern holothurian apostichopus japonicus mannan-binding c-type lectin (mbl-aj) was performed. expression of the fusion gene in e. coli cells resulted in yield of soluble recombinant chimeric protein cmap/mbl-aj with the high alkaline phosphatase activity and specificity of the lectin mbl-aj. the bifunctional hybrid cmap/mbl-aj was produced as a dimer with the molecular mass of 200 kda. t ... | 2014 | 25397876 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of theta class glutathione s-transferase from apostichopus japonicus. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are the superfamily of multifunctional detoxification isoenzymes and play crucial roles in innate immunity. in the present study, a theta class gst homology was identified from a. japonicus (designated as ajgst-θ) by race approaches. the full-length cdna of ajgst-θ was of 1013 bp encoded a cytosolic protein of 231 amino acids residues. structural analysis revealed that ajgst-θ processed the characteristic n-terminal gsh-binding site (g-site) and the c-terminal h ... | 2017 | 28185912 |
| characterization of a metalloprotease involved in vibrio splendidus infection in the sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. | vibrio splendidus is an important aquatic pathogen that infects a broad range of hosts, leading to typical symptoms of "skin ulceration syndrome" in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. however, there are few reports on the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanism of v. splendidus. in the present study, v. splendidus could survive in the coelomic fluid of a. japonicus but poorly internalized into the coelomocyte under the tested conditions. it was thus postulated that v. splendidus was pat ... | 2016 | 27840223 |
| the first description of complete invertebrate arginine metabolism pathways implies dose-dependent pathogen regulation in apostichopus japonicus. | in this study, three typical members representative of different arginine metabolic pathways were firstly identified from apostichopus japonicus, including nitric oxide synthase (nos), arginase, and agmatinase. spatial expression analysis revealed that the ajnos transcript presented negative expression patterns relative to those of ajarginase or ajagmatinase in most detected tissues. furthermore, vibrio splendidus-challenged coelomocytes and intestine, and lps-exposed primary coelomocytes could ... | 2016 | 27032691 |
| critical roles of sea cucumber c-type lectin in non-self recognition and bacterial clearance. | c-type lectin is one important pattern recognition receptor (prr) that plays crucial roles in multiple immune responses. a c-type lectin from sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (ajctl-1) was characterized in the present study. the amino acid sequence of ajctl-1 shared high similarities with other c-type lectins from invertebrates and vertebrates. the c-type lectin domain (ctld) of ajctl-1 contained a ca(2+)-binding site 2 and four conserved cysteine residues. ajctl-1 mrna expression patterns in ... | 2015 | 26052017 |
| identification, expression pattern and potential role of variable lymphocyte receptor aj-vlra from apostichopus japonicus in response to bacterial challenge. | the variable lymphocyte receptors (vlrs) are found in jawless vertebrates (agnathans), and specifically recognize bacteria and viruses via their leucine-rich repeats (lrrs). vlrs are believed to be adaptive immune response molecules. echinoderms do not have adaptive immune systems; however, in the present study, a vlr cdna named aj-vlra was cloned and characterized from sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. the complete cdna of aj-vlra was 3072 bp, including a 1995 bp open reading frame encoding ... | 2015 | 25896798 |
| in vitro antibacterial analysis of phenoloxidase reaction products from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | three phenoloxidases (pos) of apostichopus japonicus, ajpos (ajpo1, ajpo2 and ajpo3), were partially purified from the coelomocytes with an electrophoretic method, and then employed for the in vitro antibacterial analysis. using l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) as a substrate, ajpo1 and ajpo2-derived compounds inhibited the growth of vibrio splendidus and staphylococcus aureus, while ajpo3-derived compounds only inhibited the growth of v. splendidus. when dopamine was used as a substrate, a ... | 2014 | 24931626 |
| phaeobacter marinintestinus sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of a sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | a gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated ub-m7(t) was isolated from the intestine of a sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) collected from pohang in south korea. strain ub-m7(t) displayed optimal growth at 25 °c, ph 7.0-7.5, and with 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) nacl. phylogenetic analyses based on the 16s rrna gene sequences showed that strain ub-m7(t) clustered with phaeobacter arcticus dsm 23566(t), phaeobacter inhibens dsm 16374(t), phaeobacter gallaecien ... | 2015 | 25355001 |
| inhibition of marine vibrio sp. by pyoverdine from pseudomonas aeruginosa pa1. | siderophores are low-molecular-weight chemicals that are secreted by many microorganisms to chelate iron from the external environment in order to facilitate their growth and diverse metabolisms. in this study, a fluorescent siderophore, pyoverdine, secreted by pseudomonas aeruginosa pa1 was purified by affinity chromatography using cu-sepharose. pyoverdine was determined to have a molecular mass of 1333.54 da, as determined by maldi-tof/tof, and belong to type i pyoverdine, as determined by pcr ... | 2016 | 26476308 |
| beneficial effects of rhodotorula sp. c11 on growth and disease resistance of juvenile japanese spiky sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary administration of the live yeast, rhodotorula sp. c11, on growth and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile japanese spiky sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. sea cucumbers were fed diets containing rhodotorula sp. c11 at 0 (control), 10⁴, 10⁵, and 10⁶ cfu/g of feed for 45 d. there were three replicate tanks per dietary treatment. the specific growth rates were higher in all sea cucumbers treated with r ... | 2015 | 25868475 |
| effect of potential probiotic rhodotorula benthica d30 on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immunity in juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | the effects of dietary addition of yeast rhodotorula benthica (r. benthica) d30 which isolated from local sea mud at levels of 0 (control), 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/g feed on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus were investigated. it was shown that dietary addition of r. benthica d30 significantly increased the growth rates of sea cucumbers (p < 0.05). the amylase activity, cellulase activity and algi ... | 2015 | 25592878 |
| effects of dietary live yeast hanseniaspora opuntiae c21 on the immune and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | a feeding experiment was conducted to determine effects of hanseniaspora opuntiae c21 on immune response and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. sea cucumbers were fed with either diets containing c21 at 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6) cfu g(-1) feed or a control diet for 30-50 days, respectively. after feeding for 30 days and 45 days, five sea cucumbers from each tank were sampled for immunological analyses. results indicated that c21 ... | 2013 | 23063538 |
| effect of intestinal autochthonous probiotics isolated from the gut of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) on immune response and growth of a. japonicus. | the study isolated 224 bacteria from the intestine of apostichopus japonicus, then selected and identified three of the bacteria (hs1, hs7, and hs10) which demonstrated amylase, lipase, and protease production capacity as candidate probiotics for sea cucumbers. the three potential probiotics showed no pathogenicity both in hemolytic assays on sheep blood agar plates and after immersing sea cucumbers in a suspension of the bacteria. to reveal the effects of these three potential probiotics on the ... | 2014 | 24727198 |
| tenacibaculum holothuriorum sp. nov., isolated from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus intestine. | a novel bacterial strain, designated s2-2t, was isolated from the intestine of a sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus in xiapu, fujian province, china. strain s2-2t was found to be aerobic, gram-stain-negative, pale yellow, rod-shaped, oxidase- and catalase-positive. growth occurred at 15-36 °c (optimum, 25-32 °c), in the presence of 2-7% sea salt (w/v, optimum, 3-5%) and at ph 6-9 (optimum, ph 7.0). the isolate was able to hydrolyse gelatin, casein and dna, but unable to degrade tween 20, 40 and ... | 2015 | 26345588 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a c-type lectin (ajctl) from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | for the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus, a c-type lectin (ajctl) was identified using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr techniques. the full-length cdna of ajctl is composed of 710bp with a 618bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a polypeptide of 205 amino acids with a n-terminal signal peptide and a c-terminal c-type lectin domain (ctld). the calculated molecular mass of the whole protein is 22.5kda and its predicted isoelectric point is 5.59. ajctl belongs to the group vii of ... | 2012 | 22285695 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus from cultured sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicas). | this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular resistance mechanisms of 87 vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from cultured sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus). the results showed that all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cephazolin, fewer of them were resistant to streptomycin (43·7%), cefuroxime sodium (18·4%), tetracycline (4·6%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (2·3%) and four quinolones (2·3%). more than half (56·2%) of the isolates displayed multiple r ... | 2014 | 24684348 |
| microsomal glutathione transferase 1 attenuated ros-induced lipid peroxidation in apostichopus japonicus. | microsomal glutathione transferase (mgst) is a membrane bound glutathione transferase in multifunctional detoxification isoenzymes family and also plays crucial roles in innate immunity. in the present study, a novel microsomal gst homology was identified from apostichopus japonicus (designated as ajmgst1) by race approaches. the full-length cdna of ajmgst1 was of 1296 bp encoded a protein of 169 amino acids residues. multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis together supported that ... | 2017 | 28302499 |
| effects of tussah immunoreactive substances on growth, immunity, disease resistance against vibrio splendidus and gut microbiota profile of apostichopus japonicus. | tussah immunoreactive substance (tis) comprises a number of active chemicals with various bioactivities. the current study investigated the effects of these substances on the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. the specific growth rate (sgr) of tis-fed sea cucumbers was significantly enhanced, whereas no significant difference in sgr was observed between those soaked in antibiotics and those fed with basal diet only. tis also improved the immune response of the animals when given at a dose of 1 ... | 2017 | 28254498 |
| a novel mkk gene (ajmkk3/6) in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus: identification, characterization and its response to pathogenic challenge. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (mkks) are key components of map kinase (mapk) cascades and function as redox-regulated signaling factors in pathological and physiological processes. in this study, we identified a novel mkk3/6 gene in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (designated as ajmkk3/6) by transcriptome database mining and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. sequence analysis and protein structure prediction showed that ajmkk3/6 is highly conserved as com ... | 2017 | 27988308 |
| quorum sensing-disrupting coumarin suppressing virulence phenotypes in vibrio splendidus. | in the present study, the effects of an environmental friendly natural reagent coumarin, on the growth and potential virulence factors, as well as its ability to interfere the infection of vibrio splendidus (vs), were determined. coumarin showed no effects on the maximal growth of vs, and biofilm formation of vs, while it significantly decreased protease activity and hemolytic activity by 43 and 80%, respectively. correspondingly, coumarin exhibited an obviously protective effect, with a relativ ... | 2017 | 27942756 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of cathepsin b from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | cathepsin b (ctsb), a member of lysosomal cysteine protease, is involved in multiple levels of physiological and biological processes, and also plays crucial roles in host immune defense against pathogen infection in vertebrates. however, the function of ctsb within the innate immune system of invertebrates, particularly in marine echinoderms, has been poorly documented. in this study, the immune function of ctsb in apostichopus japonicus (designated as ajctsb), a commercially important and dise ... | 2017 | 27847342 |
| mir-137 modulates coelomocyte apoptosis by targeting 14-3-3ζ in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as key regulators in the host immune response and play a pivotal role in host-pathogen interactions by suppressing the transcriptional and post-transcriptional expression of target genes. mir-137, a well-documented tumor repressor, was previously found by high-throughput sequencing to be differentially expressed in diseased specimens of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. in this study, we identified 14-3-3ζ protein (aj14-3-3ζ) as a novel target of mir-137 us ... | 2017 | 27832949 |
| characterization and expression analysis of a thioredoxin-like protein gene in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | as the most important disulfide bond reducates of intracellular oxidordeuctase, thioredoxin (trx) plays a crucial role in maintaining reducing state of intracellular proteins to normally perform their function. in this study, a cdna of trx-like protein gene from apostichopus japonicus (denoted as ajtrx) was cloned and characterized. the full-length cdna of ajtrxwas of 1870 bp, consisting of a 5'-utr of 101 bp, a long 3'-utr of 887 bp and a 882 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 293 amino aci ... | 2016 | 27640155 |
| mir210 modulates respiratory burst in apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes via targeting toll-like receptor. | immune responses of species in echinodermata remains mysterious due to the lack of efforts made in the study of host defense mechanism in these species. more researches start focusing on this ancient immune system with the recognition the economic values of several species in this phylum, especially sea cucumbers. here, we reported a study in the innate immunity of a sea cucumber species (apostichopus japonicus) in response to infection of vibrio splendidus. a novel differential expressed mirna ... | 2016 | 27545641 |
| rna sequencing analysis to capture the transcriptome landscape during skin ulceration syndrome progression in sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus is an important economic species in china, which is affected by various diseases; skin ulceration syndrome (sus) is the most serious. in this study, we characterized the transcriptomes in a. japonicus challenged with vibrio splendidus to elucidate the changes in gene expression throughout the three stages of sus progression. | 2016 | 27296384 |
| programmed cell death 4 in bacterially-challenged apostichopus japonicus: molecular cloning, expression analysis and functional characterization. | programmed cell death 4 (pdcd4) plays a crucial role in modulating cellular signals, mainly via toll cascades during the immune response. in the present study, a novel pdcd4 homologue gene (denoted as ajpdcd4) was cloned from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus using race. the full-length ajpdcd4 cdna comprised a 366bp 5'-utr, a 418bp 3'-utr, and a 1353bp open reading frame encoding a 450 amino acid residue protein with two typical ma3 domains. phylogenetic analysis revealed that ajpdcd4 bel ... | 2016 | 27262523 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of four caspases members in apostichopus japonicus. | the caspase family representing aspartate-specific cysteine proteases have been demonstrated to possess key roles in apoptosis and immune response. we previously demonstrated that lps challenged apostichopus japonicus coelomocyte could significantly induced apoptosis in vitro. however, apoptosis related molecules were scarcely investigated in this economic species. in the present work, we cloned and characterized four members caspase family from a. japonicus (designated as ajcaspase-2, ajcaspase ... | 2016 | 27245866 |
| use of phages to control vibrio splendidus infection in the juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | in the present study, we isolated 3 bacteriophages with the ability to control vibrio splendidus, a bacterium known to cause disease in the juvenile sea cucumber. these bacteriophages were designated as vb_vsps_vs-abtnl-1 (pvs-1), vb_vsps_vs-abtnl-2 (pvs-2) and vb_vsps_vs-abtnl-3 (pvs-3). the ability of the 3 phages to inhibit the growth of v. splendidus vs-abtnl was tested in vitro using each of the 3 phages individually or in the form of a cocktail of all 3 phages in the proportion of 1:1:1. a ... | 2016 | 27108378 |
| a β-integrin from sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus exhibits lps binding activity and negatively regulates coelomocyte apoptosis. | integrins are a family of membrane glycoproteins, which are the major receptors for extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion molecules. in this study, a 1038 bp sequence representing the full-length cdna of a novel β-integrin subunit (designated as ajitgb) was cloned from apostichopus japonicas by using combined transcriptome sequencing and race approaches. the deduced amino acid sequence of ajitgb shared a conserved tripeptide arg-gly-asp (rgd) binding domain with an s-diglyceridecysteine or ... | 2016 | 26994670 |
| identification and functional characterization of tnf receptor associated factor 3 in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | tnf receptor associated factors (trafs) are a family of proteins primarily involved in both adaptive and innate immunity. in this study, we identified a novel traf3 gene in apostichopus japonicus by transcriptome sequencing and race approaches (designated as ajtraf3). the full-length of ajtraf3 was of 2796 bp including a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 83 bp, a 3' utr of 1066 bp and a putative open reading frame of 1647 bp encoding a polypeptide of 548 amino acid residues. the representative dom ... | 2016 | 26828393 |
| cathepsin l of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus-molecular characterization and transcriptional response to vibrio splendidus infection. | cathepsin l, a lysosomal endopeptidase, has been noted for its involvement in the innate immune response in invertebrates. here, the cathepsin l cdna of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (ajcatl) is identified from an est library and then cloned by the rapid amplification of the cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna is 1678 bp long containing an open reading frame (orf) of 1002 bp, an 80 bp 5' utr and a 599 bp 3' utr. the cdna encodes 333 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular ... | 2016 | 26777896 |
| protective effects of chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) against experimental vibrio splendidus infection in the sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | vibrio splendidus is one of the most harmful pathogens associated with skin ulceration syndrome in the sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) due to its high virulence and frequency of appearance. the objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) against v. splendidus infection in the sea cucumber. whole v. splendidus cells were used as an immunogen to immunize 20 white leghorn hens (25 weeks old). igy was produced from egg yolks obtained from these ... | 2016 | 26592708 |
| the roles of two mirnas in regulating the immune response of sea cucumber. | micrornas (mirnas) have emerged as key regulators in many pathological processes by suppressing the transcriptional and post-transcriptional expression of target genes. mir-2008 was previously found to be significantly up-regulated in diseased sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus by high-through sequencing, whereas the reads of mir-137, a well-documented tumor repressor, displayed no significant change. in the present study, we found that mir-137 expression was slightly attenuated and mir-2008 wa ... | 2015 | 26482792 |
| nemo like kinase negatively regulates nf-κb activation and coelomocytes apoptosis in apostichopus japonicus. | nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) transcription factors are related to several physiological processes, including innate and acquired immunity. in this study, a novel negative regulator of the nemo-like kinase (nlk) gene was identified from apostichopus japonicus through pcr (denoted as ajnlk). the complete ajnlk cdna was of 2335 bp, with a 5'-utr of 315 bp, a 3'-utr of 718 bp, and a putative orf of 1302 bp, and encoded a polypeptide of 433 amino acid residues with a typical serine/threonine protei ... | 2016 | 26363086 |
| mirna-133 augments coelomocyte phagocytosis in bacteria-challenged apostichopus japonicus via targeting the tlr component of irak-1 in vitro and in vivo. | in this study, we explored the potential roles of mirna-133 in regulating tlr pathways in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. target screening of rna-seq data successfully identified interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (ajirak-1) as a putative target of mir-133. this result was further validated by negative expression profiles in vibrio splendidus-challenged coelomocytes and lipopolysaccharide (lps)-exposed cell cultures. hek-293t cells transfected with a dual-luciferase reporter fused ... | 2015 | 26223836 |
| three members in jak/stat signal pathway from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus: molecular cloning, characterization and function analysis. | the jak/stat signal transduction pathway plays a critical role in host defense against bacterial infections. in the present study, we firstly cloned the full-length cdnas of three molecules in jak/stat cascade, stat5, foxp and socs2, from sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (denoted as ajstat5, ajfoxp, ajsocs2, respectively) and investigated their immune functions towards vibrio splendidus infection and lps exposure. the ajstat5 cdna was composed of 2643 bp consisting of 787 amino acid residues ... | 2015 | 26206609 |
| transcriptome analysis and discovery of genes involved in immune pathways from coelomocytes of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) after vibrio splendidus challenge. | vibrio splendidus is identified as one of the major pathogenic factors for the skin ulceration syndrome in sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus), which has vastly limited the development of the sea cucumber culture industry. in order to screen the immune genes involving vibrio splendidus challenge in sea cucumber and explore the molecular mechanism of this process, the related transcriptome and gene expression profiling of resistant and susceptible biotypes of sea cucumber with vibrio splendidus ... | 2015 | 26193268 |
| dietary cordyceps militaris protects against vibrio splendidus infection in sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | vibrio splendidus is the common pathogen that causes infectious diseases widely spread in cultured sea cucumber in china. therefore, we investigated the ability of cordyceps militaris to protect against infection caused by v. splendidus. in this study, sea cucumbers were fed with a diet containing 0 (control), 1%, 2% or 3% c. militaris for 28 days, and subsequently challenged with v. splendidus by injection with 1.0 × 10(9) cfu per animal. parameters of immune response such as phagocytosis (pc), ... | 2015 | 26099218 |
| identification and characterization a novel transcription factor activator protein-1 in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | the transcription factor activator protein-1 (ap-1) is an important gene expression regulator with typical jun and region-leucine zipper (bzip) domains and can respond to a plethora of physiological and pathological stimulus. in this study, we identified a novel ap-1 gene in apostichopus japonicus by transcriptome sequencing and race approaches (designated as ajap-1). the full-length of ajap-1 was of 2944 bp including a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 201 bp, a 3' utr of 1753 bp and a putative o ... | 2015 | 26093208 |
| molecular characterization of two novel molecular chaperones in bacterial-challenged apostichopus japonicus. | molecular chaperones of 78 kda glucose-regulated protein (grp78) and protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) are involved in protein folding and assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). increasing evidences also suggest that these two molecules play an important role in immune response. in the present study, we cloned and characterized grp78 and pdi genes from apostichopus japonicus by rna-seq and race approaches (designated as ajgrp78 and ajpdi, respectively). the ajgrp78 cdna was of 2355bp includ ... | 2015 | 26072161 |
| mir-31 modulates coelomocytes ros production via targeting p105 in vibrio splendidus challenged sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus in vitro and in vivo. | mir-31 is a critical regulator of gene expression in many pathogenic processes in vertebrates. in this study, we identified p105 as a novel target of mir-31 in apostichopus japonicus and investigated their regulatory roles in vitro and in vivo. the negative expression profiles between mir-31 and ajp105 were detected in both lps-exposed primary coelomocytes and vibrio splendidus-challenged sea cucumber. co-infection mir-31 mimics significantly depressed the expression of ajp105 and increased ros ... | 2015 | 25917973 |
| mir-200 modulates coelomocytes antibacterial activities and lps priming via targeting tollip in apostichopus japonicus. | in order to explore the potential roles of micrornas (mirnas) in regulating toll-like receptor (tlr) pathways, we identified toll interacting protein as a putative target of mir-200 in apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes by rna-seq screening (denoted as ajtollip). the positive expression profiles of mir-200 and ajtollip were detected in both lps exposure primary coelomocytes and vibrio splendidus challenge sea cucumber. co-infection mir-200 mimics significantly elevated the expression of ajtolli ... | 2015 | 25910848 |
| identification and characterization of a novel foxo transcription factors in apostichopus japonicus. | the forkhead box o (foxo) transcription factors are involved in multiple signaling pathways and play key roles in immunoregulation in vertebrates. in the present study, we firstly identified a novel foxo gene in apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes using transcriptome sequencing and race approaches (denoted as ajfoxo). the full-length cdna of ajfoxo was of 2248 bp with a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 177 bp, a 3' utr of 367 bp and an orf of 1704 bp encoding a polypeptide of 567 amino acid resid ... | 2015 | 25689491 |
| characterization of two regulators of the tnf-α signaling pathway in apostichopus japonicus: lps-induced tnf-α factor and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 2. | the tnf-α signaling cascade is involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and the immune response in vertebrates. here, two regulatory genes, lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor α factor (litaf) and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 2 (birc2), were identified in coelomocytes from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus by rna-seq and race (denoted as ajlitaf and ajbirc2, respectively). ... | 2015 | 25307203 |
| itraq-based proteomics reveals novel members involved in pathogen challenge in sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | skin ulceration syndrome (sus) is considered to be a major constraint for the stable development of apostichopus japonicus culture industries. in this study, we investigated protein changes in the coelomocytes of a. japonicus challenged by vibrio splendidus using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (itraq) over a 96 h time course. consequently, 228 differentially expressed proteins were identified in two itraqs. a comparison of the protein expression profiles among different t ... | 2014 | 24949634 |
| identification and characterization of mir-92a and its targets modulating vibrio splendidus challenged apostichopus japonicus. | mir-92a is a kind of disease related fine-tuning regulator which is not only related with tumorigenesis and tumor development but also participates in host-pathogen interaction in vertebrates. in present study, the potential targets of mir-92a in apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes were screened by high-throughout sequencing and pcr approaches. total of 10 annotated candidates were identified by hybrid pcr, and 23 were verified from rna-seq, in which smurf, pcbp and megf were found in both metho ... | 2014 | 24747055 |
| cloning and gene expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) provide new insights into injury and bacteria response of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka, 1867). | allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) is an interferon (ifn)-γ-inducible ca(2+)-binding cytokine that associates with the immune defense and inflammatory response. in this study, we reported aif-1 gene in sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (ajaif-1). the full-length cdna of ajaif-1 is 1541 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 477 bp encoding 158 amino acids. two ef-hand ca(2+)-binding motifs were found in the deduced ajaif-1. ajaif-1 was widely expressed in all tested tissues (body wall, in ... | 2014 | 24704420 |
| proteomic identification of differentially expressed proteins in sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes after vibrio splendidus infection. | skin ulceration syndrome (sus) was the main limitation in the development of apostichopus japonicus culture industries. to better understand how vibrio splendidus modulates sus outbreak, the immune response of a. japonicus coelomocytes after the pathogen challenge were investigated through comparative proteomics approach, and differentially expressed proteins were screened and characterized in the present study. a total of 40 protein spots representing 30 entries were identified at 24, 72 and 96 ... | 2014 | 24468075 |
| divergent metabolic responses of apostichopus japonicus suffered from skin ulceration syndrome and pathogen challenge. | skin ulceration syndrome (sus) is the main limitation in the development of apostichopus japonicus culture industries, in which vibrio splendidus has been well documented as one of the major pathogens. however, the intrinsic mechanisms toward pathogen challenge and disease outbreak remain largely unknown at the metabolic level. in this work, the metabolic responses were investigated in muscles of sea cucumber among natural sus-diseased and v. splendidus-challenged samples. the pathogen did not i ... | 2013 | 24127639 |
| characterization of two negative regulators of the toll-like receptor pathway in apostichopus japonicus: inhibitor of nf-κb and toll-interacting protein. | the toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling cascade plays a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens via the specific recognition of distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). however, no negative regulators of the tlr-signaling cascade have been described in sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). in the present study, two negative regulators known as the inhibitor of nf-κb (iκb) and toll-interacting protein (tollip) have been identified in coelomocytes ... | 2013 | 23978566 |
| two adaptor molecules of myd88 and traf6 in apostichopus japonicus toll signaling cascade: molecular cloning and expression analysis. | myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) are two key adaptor molecules in toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. here we reported the isolation and characterization the full-length cdnas of myd88 and traf6 from sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (denoted as ajmyd88 and ajtraf6, respectively). both of two factors shared a remarkable high degree of structural conservation ... | 2013 | 23886491 |
| [elaboration of immune stimulating lipid-saponin subunit antigen carrier based on glycolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol from sea macrophytes and triterpene glycosides from cucumaria japonica]. | the ability of some triterpene glycosides of holothurians: holotoxin a1 from apostichopus japonicus and a mixture of monosulphated triterpene glycosides from cucumaria japonica called cucumarioside (cd) to form supramolecular complexes with cholesterol (chol) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) or phosphatidylcholine (pc) was studied. a transmission electron microscopy method was used to observe supramolecular lipid-saponin complexes formed by holotoxin a1 and cd with cholesterol in the pres ... | 2014 | 25508798 |
| [elaboration of immune stimulating lipid-saponin subunit antigen carrier based on glycolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol from sea macrophytes and triterpene glycosides from cucumaria japonica]. | the ability of some triterpene glycosides of holothurians: holotoxin a1 from apostichopus japonicus and a mixture of monosulphated triterpene glycosides from cucumaria japonica called cucumarioside (cd) to form supramolecular complexes with cholesterol (chol) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) or phosphatidylcholine (pc) was studied. a transmission electron microscopy method was used to observe supramolecular lipid-saponin complexes formed by holotoxin a1 and cd with cholesterol in the pres ... | 2014 | 25481946 |
| the application of compound-specific isotope analysis of fatty acids for traceability of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) in the coastal areas of china. | geographical origin traceability is an important issue in controlling the quality of seafood and in safeguarding the interest of consumers. in this study, a new method of compound-specific isotope analysis (csia) of fatty acids was established to evaluate its applicability in establishing the origin traceability of apostichopus japonicus in the coastal areas of china. principal component analysis (pca) and discriminant analysis (da) were applied to distinguish between origins of a. japonicus to ... | 2017 | 28397256 |
| draft genome of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus and genetic polymorphism among color variants. | the japanese sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus selenka 1867) is an economically important species as a source of seafood and ingredient in traditional medicine. it is mainly found off the coasts of northeast asia. recently, substantial exploitation and widespread biotic diseases in a. japonicus have generated increasing conservation concern. however, the genomic knowledge base and resources available for researchers to use in managing this natural resource and to establish genetically based b ... | 2017 | 28369350 |
| establishment of lysozyme gene rna interference system and its involvement in salinity tolerance in sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | the lysozyme gene was silenced using rna interference (rnai) to analyze the function of lysozyme in sea cucumber under salt stress. the interfering efficiency of four lysozyme rnai oligos ranged from 0.55 to 0.70. from the four oligos, p-mir-l245 was used for further interfering experiments because it had the best silencing efficiency. peristomial film injection of p-mir-l245 (10 μg) was used for further interfering experiments. the lowest gene expression, determined by rt-pcr assay, in muscle, ... | 2017 | 28359949 |
| mir-31 links lipid metabolism and cell apoptosis in bacteria-challenged apostichopus japonicus via targeting ctrp9. | the biological functions of micrornas (mirnas) have been studied in a number of eukaryotic species. recent studies on vertebrate animals have demonstrated critical roles of mirna in immune and metabolic activities. however, studies on the functions of mirna in invertebrates are very limited. here, we demonstrated that mir-31 from apostichopus japonicus disrupts the balance of lipid metabolism, thus resulting in cell apoptosis by targeting complement c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (a ... | 2017 | 28348559 |
| effects of heat treatment on the gel properties of the body wall of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | the sensory texture of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) was dramatically affected by heat treatment. in this study, sea cucumbers were heated under different thermal conditions (hsc), and divided into five groups (hsc-80, hsc-90, hsc-100, hsc-110, and hsc-120) according to the heating temperature (from 80 to 120 °c). the changes in texture, moisture, gel structure, and biochemical parameters of the hsc were investigated. with increasing heating time (from 10 to 80 min), the hardness and gel ... | 2017 | 28298684 |
| comparative analysis of immunocompetence between females and males in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | in order to preliminarily understand the immune difference between females and males in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus, the activities assay of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), peroxidase (pod), phenoloxidase (po), acid phosphatase (acp) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) with biochemical methods, the detection of po isozymes with native-page and catechol staining, and the test of antibacterial activities with bacterial growth curve determination method were performed in this stu ... | 2017 | 28238861 |
| itraq reveals proteomic changes during intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | sea cucumbers have a striking capacity to regenerate most of their viscera after evisceration, which has drawn the interest of many researchers. in this study, the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) was utilized to investigate protein abundance changes during intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers. a total of 4073 proteins were identified, and 2321 proteins exhibited significantly differential expressions, with 1100 upregulated and 1221 downregulated proteins. our resul ... | 2017 | 28189057 |
| metabolic responses to intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. | sea cucumbers are excellent models for studying organ regeneration due to their striking capacity to regenerate most of their viscera after evisceration. in this study, we applied nmr-based metabolomics to determine the metabolite changes that occur during the process of intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers. partial least-squares discriminant analysis showed that there was significant differences in metabolism between regenerative intestines at 3, 7, and 14days post evisceration (dpe) and nor ... | 2017 | 28189056 |
| understanding regulation of micrornas on intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus using high-throughput sequencing. | the sea cucumber, as a member of the echinodermata, has the capacity to restore damaged organs and body parts, which has always been a key scientific issue. micrornas (mirnas), a class of short noncoding rnas, play important roles in regulating gene expression. in the present study, we applied high-throughput sequencing to investigate alterations of mirna expression in regenerative intestine compared to normal intestine. a total of 73 differentially expressed mirnas were obtained, including 59 u ... | 2017 | 28160609 |