| molecular characterization and interviral homologies of a potyvirus infecting sesame (sesamum indicum) in georgia. | phylogenetic analyses of the 3' terminal region of a potyvirus naturally infecting sesame (sesamum indicum) in georgia indicated that the virus belongs to the passionfruit woodiness potyvirus subgroup, and is most closely related to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (cabmv) and south african passiflora potyvirus. based on the sequence identity, this virus is a strain of cabmv. use of degenerate primers, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequence analysis allowed us t ... | 1997 | 9672651 |
| properties of a virus isolated from vernonia amygdalina del. in lagos, nigeria. | a previously uncharacterized virus tentatively named vernonia green vein-banding virus (vgvbv) was isolated from vernonia amygdalina del. ("bitterleaf") from lagos, nigeria. the virus was mechanically transmissible but had a narrow host range restricted to nicotiana benthamiana, chenopodium quinoa and c. amaranticolor. it was also transmissible in a non-persistent manner by myzus persicae. the virus was purified from n. benthamiana and about 750 nm long flexuous rod-shaped particles were observe ... | 2004 | 15745049 |
| introduction of the anti-apoptotic baculovirus p35 gene in passion fruit induces herbicide tolerance, reduced bacterial lesions, but does not inhibits passion fruit woodiness disease progress induced by cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). | the introduction of anti-apoptotic genes into plants leads to resistance to environmental stress and broad-spectrum disease resistance. the anti-apoptotic gene (p35) from a baculovirus was introduced into the genome of passion fruit plants by biobalistics. eleven regenerated plants showed the presence of the p35 gene by pcr and/or dot blot hybridization. transcriptional analysis of regenerated plants showed the presence of specific p35 transcripts in 9 of them. regenerated plants containing the ... | 2007 | 17016672 |
| insecticidal activity of arum maculatum tuber lectin and its binding to the glycosylated insect gut receptors. | mannose binding approximately 50 kda homotetrameric lectin, purified from edible arum maculatum tuber, was analyzed through sds-page and studied for its agglutination property using rabbit erythrocytes. cross reactivity of the purified lectin was verified through western blot using colocasia esculantum(family, araceae) tuber lectin antibody. the insecticidal activity of arum maculatum tuber lectin (atl) was tested against two economically important sucking pests, lipaphis erysimi and aphis cracc ... | 2005 | 16104791 |
| molecular characterisation and evolutionary relationships of a potyvirus infecting crotalaria in brazil. brief report. | the 3' terminal genomic region of a potyvirus causing mosaic disease in several crotalaria species has been cloned and sequenced. comparisons of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the cloned cdna with those from other potyviruses show that the crotalaria-infecting virus (designated crotalaria mosaic virus; crmv) is closely related to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). maximum identity (95.4%) at the coat protein (cp) aa level was observed between crmv and a brazilian s ... | 2002 | 11890532 |
| east african strains of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. | | 1973 | 4701692 |
| infectivity of nanovirus dnas: induction of disease by cloned genome components of faba bean necrotic yellows virus. | circumstantial evidence suggests that the genome of faba bean necrotic yellows virus (fbnyv), a nanovirus, consists of eight distinct, circular, single-stranded dnas, each of about 1 kb and encoding only one protein. here, the use of cloned full-length fbnyv dnas for reproducing fbnyv-like symptoms in vicia faba, the principal natural host of fbnyv, is reported. characteristic symptoms of fbnyv infection were obtained in faba bean plants following biolistic dna delivery or agroinoculation with a ... | 2006 | 16690940 |
| dependence of groundnut rosette virus on its satellite rna as well as on groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus for transmission by aphis craccivora. | transmission of groundnut rosette virus (grv) by aphis craccivora is known to depend on the additional presence in the source plants of a luteovirus, groundnut rosette assistor virus (grav). naturally occurring isolates of grv contain a satellite rna which is the main cause of rosette symptoms in groundnut, different variants of the satellite being responsible for the green and chlorotic forms of rosette. in extensive glasshouse tests, grav-dependent transmission of grv by a. craccivora occurred ... | 1990 | 1698926 |
| cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) is widespread in passionfruit in brazil and causes passionfruit woodiness disease. | leaf samples of yellow passionfruit (passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) displaying fruit woodiness symptoms were collected in seven brazilian states and the federal district. viral infection was confirmed by host range and elisa, and fourteen viral isolates were obtained. all isolates were capable of infecting several leguminous host species, although differences in symptom severity were noticeable. woodiness symptoms were reproduced in yellow passionfruit, and mosaic symptoms were induced in comm ... | 2006 | 16596328 |
| functional responses of coccinellid predators: an illustration of a logistic approach. | the functional response parameters and patterns of three coccinellid predators, cheilomenes sexmaculata, propylea dissecta, and coccinella transversalis (coleoptera: coccinellidae) were evaluated to find out how these predators respond at two different prey species across various prey densities levels. all three predators exhibited a decelerating curve type ii response determined by a logistic regression model. the linear reciprocal transformation of holling's disc equation was used to further e ... | 2005 | 16299595 |
| the potyvirus associated with the dappled fruit of passiflora edulis in kagoshima prefecture, japan is the third strain of the proposed new species east asian passiflora virus (eapv) phylogenetically distinguished from strains of passion fruit woodiness virus. | a potyvirus (isolate ib) causing dappled or faded fruits and foliar mosaic symptoms of purple passionfruit, was found in the botanical garden of kagoshima university, japan. this isolate--differed in host range from isolates of passion fruit woodiness virus (pwv)-ao, previously reported to cause "woodiness" in japan. isolates ib and ao had 83% amino acid identity in their coat proteins (cps). in phylogenetic analysis, east asian isolates ib, ao, and pwv-taiwan clustered together, and were distin ... | 2006 | 16328141 |
| interactions of viruses in cowpea: effects on growth and yield parameters. | the study was carried out to investigate the effects of inoculating three cowpea cultivars: "olo ii", "oloyin" and it86d-719 with three unrelated viruses: cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), genus potyvirus, cowpea mottle virus (cmev), genus carmovirus and southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), genus sobemovirus singly and in mixture on growth and yield of cultivars at 10 and 30 days after planting (dap). generally, the growth and yield of the buffer inoculated control plants were significantly ... | 2007 | 17286870 |
| subcellular location of the helper component-proteinase of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. | the helper component-proteinase (hc-pro) of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) was expressed in escherichia coli and used to obtain hc-pro antiserum that was used as an analytical tool for hc-pro studies. the antiserum was used in immunofluorescence assays to study the subcellular location of hc-pro expressed with other viral proteins in cowpea protoplasts in a natural cabmv infection, or in protoplasts transfected with a transient expression construct expressing hc-pro separately from othe ... | 2002 | 12416684 |
| estimation of the number of aphids carrying citrus tristeza virus that visit adult citrus trees. | aphid species were counted on citrus trees in orchards in valencia, spain, in the spring and autumn of 1997, 1998 and 1999. moericke yellow water traps, the 'sticky shoot' method and counts of established colonies were used in extensive surveys in which 29,502 aphids were recorded and identified. aphis spiraecola and aphis gossypii were the most abundant aphid species. the numbers of aphid species landing on mature trees of grapefruit, sweet orange, lemon and clementine and satsuma mandarins, we ... | 2004 | 15036840 |
| transgenic plants expressing hc-pro show enhanced virus sensitivity while silencing of the transgene results in resistance. | nicotiana benthamiana plants were engineered to express sequences of the helper component-proteinase (hc-pro) of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (cabmv). the sensitivity of the transgenic plants to infection with parental and heterologous viruses was studied. the lines expressing hc-pro showed enhanced symptoms after infection with the parental cabmv isolate and also after infection with a heterologous potyvirus, potato virus y (pvy) and a comovirus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). on the other ... | 2002 | 12206307 |
| the genomic sequence of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus and its similarities with other potyviruses. | the genomic sequence of a zimbabwe isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv-z) was determined by sequencing overlapping viral cdna clones generated by rt-pcr using degenerate and/or specific primers. the sequence is 9465 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly (a) tail and contains a single open reading frame (orf) of 9159 nucleotides encoding a large polyprotein of 3,053 amino acids and predicted mr of 348. the size of the genome and the encoded polyprotein is in agreement ... | 2002 | 12021872 |
| phylogenetic analysis of two potyvirus pathogens of commercial cowpea lines: implications for obtaining pathogen-derived resistance. | as a prelude to developing engineered resistance to two important potyvirus pathogens of cowpea, a phylogenetic analysis of strains of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) and bean common mosaic virus--blackeye cowpea strain (bcmv-b1c) was undertaken. nucleotide sequences for the coat protein genes and 3'-untranslated regions of four cabmv and one bcmv-b1c strains were determined and included in an analysis with published sequences. while all the newly sequenced viruses showed strong homology ... | 2000 | 10766309 |
| a mosaic disease of senna hirsuta induced by a potyvirus in nigeria. | a virus inducing mosaic and severe leaf malformation, isolated from senna hirsuta in nigeria, was studied. the virus had a rather narrow host range, infecting a few species in caesalpinaceae, chenopodiaceae and fabaceae families. the virus was widespread in southern nigeria with prevalence ranging from 74% to 86.4% in some locations. it was transmitted mechanically and in a non-persistent manner by myzuspersicae, aphis craccivora and a. spiraecola. there was no evidence of transmission by seeds. ... | 2001 | 11719985 |
| improved diagnosis of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in africa: significance for cowpea seed-indexing, breeding programs and potyvirus taxonomy. | large-scale surveys in africa for blackeye cowpea mosaic (b1cmv) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (cabmv) showed that several cabmv isolates from southern africa were either not or poorly recognized by monoclonal antibodies prepared to isolates collected in west africa. selection of three new monoclonal antibodies prepared against the maputo (mozambique) isolate of cabmv, and their incorporation into a revised panel of monoclonal antibodies, resulted in the assignment of four of these new cabmv iso ... | 1996 | 8629941 |
| sequence of the 3'-terminal region of a zimbabwe isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). | the 3'-terminal 1221 nucleotides of a zimbabwe isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (cabmv) genome have been sequenced. the sequence comprises an open reading frame (orf) of 990 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding-region of 231 nucleotides followed by a poly-a. the orf has high similarity to nib and coat proteins (cp) of potyviruses. a potential cp q/s cleavage site was identified, yielding a cp of 30.5 kda containing 275 amino acids. the cabmv sequence is closely related to that of south ... | 1996 | 8678838 |
| evidence that cowpea aphid-borne mosaic and blackeye cowpea mosaic viruses are two different potyviruses. | the immunoreactivity of a panel of polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against african isolates of potyviruses from cowpea and african yam bean was examined in elisas. a serological study including reference isolates followed by further characterization in differential hosts resulted in separation of the potyviruses into two distinct serogroups, one containing blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (blcmv) and the other containing cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (camv). using bio ... | 1993 | 8445363 |
| mortality of leishmania major in phlebotomus papatasi caused by plant feeding of the sand flies. | the plant feeding of phlebotomus papatasi and the effects of plant diets on the leishmania major infections were investigated. plant-fed flies had small free particles and membranous shreds in their gut that were stained by calcofluor as cellulosic plant tissues. they were found in 34.0% of the female and 14.3% of the male sand flies following feeding on the caper plant (capparis spinosa). no plant residues were found in 54 females that had been fed on plant-derived honeydew secretions of aphis ... | 1994 | 8304569 |
| cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus-morocco and south african passiflora virus are strains of the same potyvirus. | high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) profiles of tryptic peptides and partial amino acid sequence analysis have been employed to establish the taxonomic status of the moroccan isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). some previous reports have suggested cabmv to be very closely related to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (b1cmv) while other reports have concluded that this relationship is distant. in this report a tryptic digest of the coat protein of cabmv-morocco was compared w ... | 1994 | 8002788 |
| [a preliminary study on bioactivity of orange and tangerine peel extracts against aphis and mites]. | an assay was made on the bioactivity of the extracts of tangerine peel from cinocitrus tangerina, orange peel from citrus sinensis and mixed tangerine peel from cinocitrus sp. against aphis semia phis heraclei, aphis craccivora, uroleucon gobonis and myzus persicae using residual film or topical method, and against mites tetranychus viennensis and t. trancatus using slide-dip or immersion method. test results show that these extracts have strong bioactivity against aphids and mites. the correcte ... | 1995 | 7576134 |
| the prehistory of potyviruses: their initial radiation was during the dawn of agriculture. | potyviruses are found world wide, are spread by probing aphids and cause considerable crop damage. potyvirus is one of the two largest plant virus genera and contains about 15% of all named plant virus species. when and why did the potyviruses become so numerous? here we answer the first question and discuss the other. | 2008 | 18575612 |
| capsid protein properties of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus confirm the existence of two major subgroups of aphid-transmitted, legume-infecting potyviruses. | a study of the capsid proteins of different legume-infecting potyviruses using specific monoclonal antibodies on immunoblots of crude extracts from infected plants revealed that cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (camv) and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (bicmv) have coat protein m(r) values of 32k and 35k, respectively. immunoblot comparisons of bicmv, peanut stripe mosaic virus (pstv), bean common mosaic virus (bcmv) and azuki bean mosaic virus (azmv) revealed equal reactivity of their 35k coat pro ... | 1994 | 7996147 |
| a proposal for a bean common mosaic subgroup of potyviruses. | in order to elucidate the taxonomic positions of bean common mosaic virus (bcmv) and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (b1cmv), several strains of these viruses were compared on the basis of host ranges, antigenic properties established with antisera to virions and to n-terminal peptide domains of their coat proteins, and high performance liquid chromatographic peptide profiles. the comparison includes three strains of bcmv, viz. nl1, nl3 and ny15, four strains of b1cmv, viz. fla, ind, nr, and w, and ... | 1992 | 1450765 |
| serological and biological relationships among viruses in the bean common mosaic virus subgroup. | bean common mosaic virus (bcmv), blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (b1cmv), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), azuki bean mosaic virus (azmv), and peanut stripe virus (pstv) are five species of the genus potyvirus, family potyviridae which are seed-transmitted in beans or cowpeas. eighteen isolates of bcmv, five isolates of b1cmv, four isolates of cabmv, and one isolate each of azmv, and pstv were compared serologically using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against bcmv, b1cmv ... | 1992 | 1450766 |
| arabidopsis thaliana is a host of the legume nanovirus faba bean necrotic yellows virus. | we report infection of arabidopsis thaliana with the legume nanovirus faba bean necrotic yellows virus (fbnyv) by its insect vector aphis craccivora. symptoms of fbnyv infection on a. thaliana include stunting and reduced apical dominance, and are rather mild, compared to the severe necrosis and early plant death induced by the virus in the natural host vicia faba. an inoculation access period of 6h is sufficient to transmit fbnyv to a. thaliana. fbnyv is readily transmitted back from a. thalian ... | 2007 | 17512075 |
| metabolism of the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and thiacloprid by the yeast rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain im-2. | a yeast identified as rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain im-2 was able to degrade acetamiprid (aap) and thiacloprid (thi) in sucrose mineral salt medium with half-lives of 3.7 and 14.8 days, respectively, while it did not degrade imidacloprid and imidaclothiz. identification of metabolites indicated that r. mucilaginosa im-2 selectively converted aap and thi by hydrolysis of aap to form an intermediate metabolite im 1-3 and hydrolysis of thi to form an amide derivative, respectively. metabolite im ... | 2010 | 20112912 |
| predator avoidance by phytophagous mites is affected by the presence of herbivores in a neighboring patch. | when predators invade a leaf patch inhabited by herbivores, the herbivores disperse to a neighboring predator-free leaf patch, thus escaping from the predators. however, the neighboring patch might already be used by con- or heterospecific herbivores. we used laboratory bioassays to examine whether perception of odor from con- or heterospecific competitors on a neighbored lima bean leaf patch influences dispersal behavior of the herbivorous mite tetranychus urticae when attacked by predatory mit ... | 2010 | 20467794 |
| cowpea viruses: effect of single and mixed infections on symptomatology and virus concentration. | natural multiple viral infections of cultivated cowpeas have been reported in nigeria. in this study, three nigerian commercial cowpea cultivars ("olo 11", "oloyin" and "white") and two lines from the iita (it86d- 719 and tvu 76) were mechanically inoculated with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), bean southern mosaic virus (sbmv) and cowpea mottle virus (cmev) singly, as well as in all possible combinations at 10, 20 and 30 days after planting (dap). samples of leaves or stems were collec ... | 2007 | 17900355 |
| design, synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel phenylpyrazoles containing a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-alkoxyethyl moiety. | a series of novel phenylpyrazoles containing a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-alkoxyethyl moiety were designed and synthesized via the key intermediate 5-trichloroethylideneimino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-alkylsulfenylpyrazole (5). the addition reaction of the imine 5 was closely related with the nature of the alcohol. the target compounds were confirmed by (1)h nmr and elemental analysis. the results of bioassays indicated that the target compounds possessed excellent activities aga ... | 2010 | 20349960 |
| a mosaic of beach bean (canavalia rosea) caused by an isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) in brazil. | beach bean (canavalia rosea) plants showing mosaic symptoms were found at massaguaçú beach, caraguatatuba, brazil. a potyvirus was found to be responsible for the symptoms, based on transmission assays and electron microscopy. a positive reaction in elisa was obtained against cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (cabmv) antisera. viral identity was confirmed by rt-pcr using specific primers to amplify part of the nib and the entire cp coding region of the genome and the 3'ntr. comparison of the amplified s ... | 2008 | 18273677 |
| purification and identification of carvacrol from the root of stellera chamaejasme and research on its insecticidal activity. | the root powder of stellera chamaejasme was extracted with petroleum ether. the crude extract obtained was chromatographed repeatedly with silica gel columns. one pure natural product was obtained, which was identified as 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol (carvacrol), separated for the first time from the root of s. chamaejasme. the results of a laboratory bioassay showed that it had good insecticidal activity against aphis craccivora and leucania separata. its median lethal concentrations (lc(50)) (24 ... | 2011 | 21294044 |
| identification of plant protein kinases in response to abiotic and biotic stresses using supersage. | plants are sessile organisms subjected to many environmental adversities. for their survival they must sense and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses efficiently. during this process, protein kinases are essential in the perception of environmental stimuli, triggering signaling cascades. kinases are among the largest and most important gene families for biotechnological purposes, bringing many challenges to the bioinformaticians due to the combination of conserved domains besides diversified r ... | 2011 | 21827428 |
| an approach for ipm program to control sucking pests infesting garden bean plants (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in egypt. | an approach to eatablish ipm program for some sucking pests infesting garden beans plants was carried out in two successive seasons of 2004 and 2005 under field conditions in alexandria, egypt. the sucking pests included the aphid, aphis craccivora koch (homoptera: aphididae), the white fly, bemisia tabaci genn. (homoptera: aleyroidae) and the spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, carbosulfan, abamectin, azadirachtin and the detergent (masrol 410) were tested for their ... | 2007 | 18399490 |
| chickpea chlorotic stunt virus: a new polerovirus infecting cool-season food legumes in ethiopia. | abstract serological analysis of diseased chickpea and faba bean plantings with yellowing and stunting symptoms suggested the occurrence of an unknown or uncommon member of the family luteoviridae in ethiopia. degenerate primers were used for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification of the viral coat protein (cp) coding region from both chickpea and faba bean samples. cloning and sequencing of the amplicons yielded nearly identical (96%) nucleotide sequences of a previously ... | 2006 | 18944302 |
| inheritance of resistance to potyviruses in phaseolus vulgaris l. iv. inheritance, linkage relations, and environmental effects on systemic resistance to four potyviruses. | we have examined the genetics of systemic resistance in phaseolus vulgaris to azuki bean mosaic virus (azmv) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) and the relationship of this resistance to a phenotypically similar resistance to watermelon mosaic virus (wmv) and soybean mosaic virus (smv). in p. vulgaris cv 'great northern 1140' (gn1140), resistance to smv and wmv has been attributed to the genes smv and wmv, respectively, which have been shown to segregate as a unit. systemic resistance t ... | 1996 | 24166169 |
| detection of a resistance gradient to passion fruit woodiness virus and selection of 'yellow' passion fruit plants under field conditions. | productivity of 'yellow' passion fruit (passiflora edulis sims. f. flavicarpa o. deg.) is reduced by infection with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). we examined resistance in 72 yellow passion fruit plants grown from open-pollinated commercial seed. plants were mechanically inoculated with cabmv virus and maintained in the field in order to select contrasting genotypes for resistance. isolates were obtained from symptomatic leaves of yellow passion fruit plants from field production in l ... | 2008 | 19048500 |
| effect of cowpea seeds contamination rate by the cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus on epidemics development. | cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (cabmv) diseased seeds provide at seedling, virus infected plants which are the only source of primary inoculum. secondary infections are bequeathed by aphids. the objective of this research is to study the development of the secondary infection in field. therefore, eight cowpea varieties with different seed contamination rate (0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5%) were used over consecutive four years. the infected plants were recorded every week from the tenth day after so ... | 2007 | 19093498 |
| tissue specific expression of potent insecticidal, allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) in important pulse crop, chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) to resist the phloem feeding aphis craccivora. | the phloem sap-sucking hemipteran insect, aphis craccivora, commonly known as cowpea aphid, cause major yield loss of important food legume crop chickpea. among different plant lectins allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal), a mannose binding lectin was found to be potent antifeedant for sap sucking insect a. craccivora. present study describes expression of asal in chickpea through agrobacterium-mediated transformation of "single cotyledon with half embryo" explant. asal was expressed under the ... | 2009 | 19184504 |
| synthesis, crystal structure, and insecticidal activities of highly congested hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives: effect of conformation on activities. | a series of hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized through aza-diels-alder reactions and evaluated for insecticidal activities. compounds 6a-d with endo-conformation were endowed with excellent insecticidal activities against cowpea aphid ( aphis craccivora ) and armyworm ( pseudaletia separata walker), whereas exo-compounds 7a-d showed only low activities against cowpea aphid. the difference in activities between the endo- and exo-conformations indicated that ... | 2010 | 20000414 |
| reconstitution of authentic nanovirus from multiple cloned dnas. | we describe a new plant single-stranded dna (ssdna) virus, a nanovirus isolate originating from the faba bean in ethiopia. we applied rolling circle amplification (rca) to extensively copy the individual circular dnas of the nanovirus genome. by sequence analyses of more than 208 individually cloned genome components, we obtained a representative sample of eight polymorphic swarms of circular dnas, each about 1 kb in size. from these heterogeneous dna populations after rca, we inferred consensus ... | 2009 | 19656882 |
| divalent and oxabridged neonicotinoids constructed by dialdehydes and nitromethylene analogues of imidacloprid: design, synthesis, crystal structure, and insecticidal activities. | a series of divalent and oxabridged neonicotinoids were synthesized by reactions of nitromethylene analogues of imidacloprid and dialdehydes, and their structures were confirmed by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. the bioassays indicated that some of them were endowed with excellent insecticidal activities against cowpea aphid ( aphis craccivora ), armyworm ( pseudaletia separata walker), and brown planthopper ( nilaparvata lugens ). divalen ... | 2010 | 20000569 |
| inheritance of resistance to potato y viruses in phaseolus vulgaris l : 1. two independent genes for resistance to watermelon mosaic virus-2. | resistance to watermelon mosaic virus-2 in phaseolus vulgaris l. is conferred by two distinct dominant alleles at independent loci. based on segregation data one locus is designated wmv, the other, hsw. the dominant allele wmv from cv. great northern 1140 prevents systemic spread of the virus but viral replication occurs in inoculated tissue. in contrast, hsw confers both local and systemic resistance to wmv-2 below 30c. at higher temperatures, plants that carry this allele in the absence of mod ... | 1987 | 24240215 |
| metagenomic-based screening and molecular characterization of cowpea-infecting viruses in burkina faso. | cowpea, (vigna unguiculata l. (walp)) is an annual tropical grain legume. often referred to as "poor man's meat", cowpea is one of the most important subsistence legumes cultivated in west africa due to the high protein content of its seeds. however, african cowpea production can be seriously constrained by viral diseases that reduce yields. while twelve cowpea-infecting viruses have been reported from africa, only three of these have so-far been reported from burkina faso. here we use a virion- ... | 2016 | 27764211 |
| biotransformation of thianicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides: diverse molecular substituents response to metabolism by bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788. | the carbon atom that neighbors the tertiary amine attached to the 6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl moiety is the key active site in the hydroxylation of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid as well as in the demethylation of acetamiprid by stenotrophomonas maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788. in this study, thianicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides having diverse molecular substituents were biotransformed by s. maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788. the results indicated that the substitution of 6-chloropyridyl in ... | 2010 | 20149644 |
| comparative analysis of the genomes of two isolates of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) obtained from different hosts. | the complete genomic sequences of two cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) isolates from brazil, mg-avr from passion fruit (which also infects cowpea), and br1 from peanut (which also infects cowpea, but not passion fruit), were determined. their nucleotide sequences are 89% identical and display 85% identity to that of cabmv-z. both isolates have the typical potyvirus genome features. p3 and vpg are the most conserved proteins, with 99% amino acid sequence identity between the two isolates, ... | 2011 | 21409445 |
| separation and identification of botanical insecticide 7-hydroxycoumarin and its biological activity against aphis craccivora and culex pipiens pallens. | the root powder of stellera chamaejasme was extracted with chloroform. the crude extract obtained was chromatographed with silica gel columns many times. one pure natural product was obtained. it was identified as 7-hydroxycoumarin. laboratory bioassay showed that it had a good insecticidal activity against aphis craccivora and culex pipiens pallens. its median lethal concentrations (lc50) (24 h after treatment) were 19.56 and 0.435 mg l(-1), respectively. the results of regressive and correlati ... | 2008 | 18322853 |
| rna viruses and their silencing suppressors boost abutilon mosaic virus, but not the old world tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus. | mixed viral infections can induce different changes in symptom development, genome accumulation and tissue tropism. these issues were investigated for two phloem-limited begomoviruses, abutilon mosaic virus (abmv) and tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) in nicotiana benthamiana plants doubly infected by either the potyvirus cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) or the tombusvirus artichoke mottled crinkle virus (amcv). both rna viruses induced an increase of the amount of abmv, led ... | 2011 | 21843560 |
| indigenous and introduced potyviruses of legumes and passiflora spp. from australia: biological properties and comparison of coat protein nucleotide sequences. | five australian potyviruses, passion fruit woodiness virus (pwv), passiflora mosaic virus (pamv), passiflora virus y, clitoria chlorosis virus (clcv) and hardenbergia mosaic virus (harmv), and two introduced potyviruses, bean common mosaic virus (bcmv) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), were detected in nine wild or cultivated passiflora and legume species growing in tropical, subtropical or mediterranean climatic regions of western australia. when clcv (1), pamv (1), pavy (8) and pwv ... | 2011 | 21744001 |
| mechanisms relevant to the enhanced virulence of a dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin metabolically engineered entomopathogen. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma05-169 is a transformant strain that has been metabolically engineered to express dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthesis genes. in contrast to the wild type strain, the transformant displays a greater resistance to environmental stress and a higher virulence toward target insect host. however, the underlying mechanisms for these characteristics remain unclear; hence experiments were initiated to explore the possible mechanism(s) through phy ... | 2014 | 24662974 |
| degradation of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid via the n-carbamoylimine derivate (im-1-2) mediated by the nitrile hydratase of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium ensifer meliloti cgmcc 7333. | the metabolism of the widely used neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid (ace) has been extensively studied in plants, animals, soils, and microbes. however, hydration of the n-cyanoimine group in ace to the n-carbamoylimine derivate (im-1-2) by purified microbes, the enzyme responsible for this biotransformation, and further degradation of im-1-2 have not been studied. the present study used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine that the ... | 2014 | 25285354 |
| slow and fast development in two aphidophagous ladybirds on scarce and abundant prey supply. | developmental rates are highly variable, both within and between genotypes and populations. but the rationale for two differential (slow and fast) developmental rates within same cohort under varying prey supply has yet not been explored. for this purpose, we investigated the effect of scarce and abundant prey supply on slow and fast development at 27°c in two aphidophagous ladybirds, menochilus sexmaculatus (fabricius) and propylea dissecta (mulsant) and its effect on their body mass and reprod ... | 2016 | 26898500 |
| identification of aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) species of economic importance in kenya using dna barcodes and pcr-rflp-based approach. | aphids are among pests of economic importance throughout the world. together with transmitting plant viruses, aphids are capable of inflicting severe crop production losses. they also excrete honeydew that favours the growth of sooty mold which reduces the quality of vegetables and fruits and hence their market values. rapid and accurate identification of aphids to the species level is a critical component in effective pest management and plant quarantine systems. even though morphological taxon ... | 2016 | 26490301 |
| circulative nonpropagative aphid transmission of nanoviruses: an oversimplified view. | plant virus species of the family nanoviridae have segmented genomes with the highest known number of segments encapsidated individually. they thus likely represent the most extreme case of the so-called multipartite, or multicomponent, viruses. all species of the family are believed to be transmitted in a circulative nonpropagative manner by aphid vectors, meaning that the virus simply crosses cellular barriers within the aphid body, from the gut to the salivary glands, without replicating or e ... | 2015 | 26178991 |
| worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts. | facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. however, relatively little is known about how symbiont diversity is structured in most aphid species. here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and ... | 2014 | 24233285 |
| relationships between aphids (insecta: homoptera: aphididae) and slugs (gastropoda: stylommatophora: agriolimacidae) pests of legumes (fabaceae: lupinus). | lupin plants are frequently damaged by various herbivorous invertebrates. significant among these are slugs and aphids, which sometimes attack the same plants. relationships between aphids, slugs and food plant are very interesting. grazing by these pests on young plants can lead to significant yield losses. there is evidence that the alkaloids present in some lupin plants may reduce grazing by slugs, aphids and other invertebrates. in laboratory study was analyzed the relationships between aphi ... | 2016 | 27324580 |
| a distinct tymovirus infecting cassia hoffmannseggii in brazil. | leaves of cassia hoffmannseggii, a wild fabaceous species found in the atlantic forest, with a severe mosaic symptom were collected in pernambuco state, brazil. by transmission electron microscopy, two types of virus particles were found: the first was recognized as particles of a potyvirus, which was later identified as cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus; and the second was isometric and present in high concentration. the observation of vesicles at the periphery of chloroplasts suggested a tymovir ... | 2012 | 22528644 |
| additive interactions of unrelated viruses in mixed infections of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp). | this study was carried out to determine the effects of single infections and co-infections of three unrelated viruses on three cowpea cultivars (one commercial cowpea cultivar "white" and 2 iita lines; it81d-985 and tvu 76). the plants were inoculated with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), genus potyvirus, cowpea mottle virus (cmev), genus carmovirus and southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), genus sobemovirus singly and in mixture (double and triple) at 10, 20, and 30 days after planting (da ... | 2015 | 26483824 |
| inheritance of resistance to potyviruses in phaseolus vulgaris l. iii. cosegregation of phenotypically similar dominant responses to nine potyviruses. | we have identified monogenic dominant resistance to azuki bean mosaic poty virus (azmv), passionfruit woodiness potyvirus-k (pwv-k), zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (zymv), and a dominant factor that conditioned lethal necrosis to thailand passiflora potyvirus (thpv), in phaseolus vulgaris 'black turtle soup 1'. resistance to azmv, pwv-k, zymv, watermelon mosaic potyvirus, cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus, blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus, and lethal necrosis to soybean mosaic potyvirus and ... | 1994 | 24178089 |
| parasitic wasps aphidius ervi are more attracted to a blend of host-induced plant volatiles than to the independent compounds. | arthropodal natural enemies respond to volatiles from plants infested by their prey/host herbivores (herbivore-induced plant volatiles; hipvs). however, the relative importance of hipv blends vs. each compound in the blend in attracting natural enemies is not fully understood. in this study, we investigated the response of a parasitic wasp, aphidius ervi, to hipvs that were specific or nonspecific to infestations by its host aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. to select such compounds, we compared the v ... | 2015 | 26302986 |
| survey of aphid population in a yellow passion fruit crop and its relationship on the spread cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in a subtropical region of brazil. | passion fruit woodiness may be caused by cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) and is currently the major passion fruit disease in brazil. to assess the virus-vector-host interactions, a newly introduced golden passion fruit plantation located in eastern region of são paulo state, brazil, was monitored. | 2015 | 26413443 |
| differential induction of flavonoids in groundnut in response to helicoverpa armigera and aphis craccivora infestation. | flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites, which protect plants from various stresses, including herbivory. plants differentially respond to insects with different modes of action. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) fingerprinting of phenols of groundnut (arachis hypogaea) plants with differential levels of resistance was carried out in response to helicoverpa armigera (chewing insect) and aphis craccivora (sucking pest) infestation. the genotypes used were icgv 86699, icgv ... | 2016 | 27398031 |
| analysis of genome comparison of two indian isolates of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus from india. | the complete sequence of two cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) isolates (rr3 and rr4) from india was determined. phylogenetic analysis showed that both isolates showed different closeness with other isolates of cabmv. cabmv-rr3 showed maximum identity of 99 % with cabmv-br1 from brazil at nucleotide and protein levels, whereas cabmv-rr4 showed identity of 73 and 95 % with cabmv-z isolate from zimbabwe at nucleotide and protein levels respectively. similarity identity matrix revealed 69 % i ... | 2015 | 26184969 |
| synthesis, biological activities and structure-activity relationships for new avermectin analogues. | in an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal activities, more than 40 new avermectin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities against three species of arachnids, insects and nematodes, namely, tetranychus cinnabarinus, aphis craccivora and bursaphelenchus xylophilus. all the tested compounds showed potent inhibitory activities against three insect species. notably, the majority of compounds exhibited high selectivity against t. cinnabarinus, som ... | 2016 | 27318119 |
| synthesis and biological activities of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole-containing pyrazole oxime derivatives. | a new library of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-containing pyrazole oximes was designed and synthesized. their acaricidal and insecticidal activities were evaluated. bioassay results indicated that some target compounds exhibited good acaricidal and insecticidal properties. especially, compound 8m had 80% acaricidal activity against tetranychus cinnabarinus at the concentration of 50μg/ml, compound 8f displayed 100% insecticidal activities against aphis craccivora at the concentration of 50μg/ml, compounds 8 ... | 2016 | 27324978 |
| design, multicomponent synthesis, and bioactivities of novel neonicotinoid analogues with 1,4-dihydropyridine scaffold. | novel neonicotinoid analogues bearing a 1,4-dihydropridine scaffold were designed and synthesized by multicomponent reactions (mcrs) to enhance pi-pi stacking. the synthesized compounds were identified by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. bioassay tests showed that some of them exhibited high insecticidal activities against pea aphid ( aphis craccivora ). | 2010 | 20000775 |
| design, synthesis, and particular biological behaviors of chain-opening nitromethylene neonicotinoids with cis configuration. | on the basis of the structure of heterocyclic-fused cis configuration derivatives and chain-opening neonicotinoids, two series of novel chain-opening tetrahydropyridine analogues were designed and synthesized. the preliminary bioassay tests were determined on cowpea aphid ( aphis craccivora ) and armyworm ( pseudaletia separata walker). the results showed that some of the target compounds exhibited repellent effects, whereas others showed good insecticidal activities. | 2011 | 22122797 |
| development of reference transcriptomes for the major field insect pests of cowpea: a toolbox for insect pest management approaches in west africa. | cowpea is a widely cultivated and major nutritional source of protein for many people that live in west africa. annual yields and longevity of grain storage is greatly reduced by feeding damage caused by a complex of insect pests that include the pod sucking bugs, anoplocnemis curvipes fabricius (hemiptera: coreidae) and clavigralla tomentosicollis stål (hemiptera: coreidae); as well as phloem-feeding cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch (hemiptera: aphididae) and flower thrips, megalurothrips s ... | 2013 | 24278221 |
| factors limiting the spread of the protective symbiont hamiltonella defensa in aphis craccivora aphids. | many insects are associated with heritable symbionts that mediate ecological interactions, including host protection against natural enemies. the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, is a polyphagous pest that harbors hamiltonella defensa, which defends against parasitic wasps. despite this protective benefit, this symbiont occurs only at intermediate frequencies in field populations. to identify factors constraining h. defensa invasion in ap. craccivora, we estimated symbiont transmission rates, per ... | 2014 | 25015890 |
| ants learn aphid species as mutualistic partners: is the learning behavior species-specific? | in ant-aphid associations, many aphid species provide ants with honeydew and are tended by ants, whereas others are never tended and are frequently preyed upon by ants. in these relationships, ants must have the ability to discriminate among aphid species, with mutualistic aphids being accepted as partners rather than prey. although ants reportedly use cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphids to differentiate between mutualistic and non-mutualistic species, it is unclear whether the ability to re ... | 2015 | 26590597 |
| all 37 mitochondrial genes of aphid aphis craccivora obtained from transcriptome sequencing: implications for the evolution of aphids. | the availability of mitochondrial genome data for aphididae, one of the economically important insect pest families, in public databases is limited. the advent of next generation sequencing technology provides the potential to generate mitochondrial genome data for many species timely and cost-effectively. in this report, we used transcriptome sequencing technology to determine all the 37 mitochondrial genes of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora. this method avoids the necessity of finding suita ... | 2016 | 27314587 |
| synthesis and bioactivities of novel pyrazole oxime derivatives containing a 5-trifluoromethylpyridyl moiety. | in this study, in order to find novel biologically active pyrazole oxime compounds, a series of pyrazole oxime derivatives containing a 5-trifluoromethylpyridyl moiety were synthesized. preliminary bioassays indicated that most title compounds were found to display good to excellent acaricidal activity against tetranychus cinnabarinus at a concentration of 200 μg/ml, and some designed compounds still showed excellent acaricidal activity against tetranychus cinnabarinus at the concentration of 10 ... | 2016 | 26927054 |
| design, synthesis and bioactivities of novel dichloro-allyloxy-phenol-containing pyrazole oxime derivatives. | in this study, in order to find novel biologically active pyrazole oxime compounds, a number of dichloro-allyloxy-phenol-containing pyrazole oximes were designed and synthesized according to the method of active group combination. all of the target compounds were confirmed by ¹h-nmr, (13)c-nmr and elemental analysis. in addition, bioassays showed that all of the newly synthesized compounds had no acaricidal activity against tetranychus cinnabarinus and low insecticidal activity against aphis cra ... | 2015 | 26670221 |
| triterpenoid saponins from clematis graveolens and evaluation of their insecticidal activities. | a new hederagenin based triterpenoid saponin, clematograveolenoside a (1), along with three known saponins, tomentoside a (2), huzhangoside d (3) and clematoside s (4), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of clematis graveolens. the structure of new compound was elucidated on the basis of detailed analysis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1d- and 2d nmr spectra. compound 2 was found the most effective against aphid (aphis craccivora) with an lc50 of 1.2 and 0.5 mg/ml after trea ... | 2015 | 26594749 |
| design, synthesis, and insecticidal evaluation of new pyrazole derivatives containing imine, oxime ether, oxime ester, and dihydroisoxazoline groups based on the inhibitor binding pocket of respiratory complex i. | on the basis of complex i receptor protein binding site and commercial tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, four series of novel pyrazole-5-carboxamides containing imine, oxime ether, oxime ester, and dihydroisoxazoline were designed and synthesized via the key intermediate 4-chloro-3-ethyl-n-(4-formylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxamide. the structures of target compounds were confirmed by ¹h nmr and high-resolution mass spectrum (hrms). the results of bioassays indicated that the target compoun ... | 2013 | 23972278 |
| additive effects on the improvement of insecticidal activity: design, synthesis, and insecticidal activity of novel pymetrozine derivatives. | a series of new pymetrozine analogues containing both methyl on the imine carbon and phenoxy group at the pyridine ring were designed and synthesized. their insecticidal activities against bean aphid (aphis craccivora), mosquito larvae (culex pipiens pallens), cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera), corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) and oriental armyworm (mythimna separata) were evaluated. the results of bioassays indicated that most of the target compounds showed good insecticidal activity agains ... | 2016 | 26342545 |
| how active ingredient localisation in plant tissues determines the targeted pest spectrum of different chemistries. | the efficacies of four commercial insecticides and of two research compounds were tested against aphids (aphis craccivora and myzus persicae), whiteflies (bemisia tabaci) and red-spotted spider mites (tetranychus urticae) in intrinsic (oral administration), curative (direct contact spray) and translaminar (arthropods infested on untreated leaf underside) assays. with a new translaminar model, the transport across the leaf cuticle and tissues and the electrochemical distribution of test compounds ... | 2016 | 26112169 |
| alfalfa leaf curl virus: an aphid-transmitted geminivirus. | the family geminiviridae comprises seven genera differentiated by genome organization, sequence similarity, and insect vector. capulavirus, an eighth genus, has been proposed to accommodate two newly discovered highly divergent geminiviruses that presently have no known vector. alfalfa leaf curl virus, identified here as a third capulavirus, is shown to be transmitted by aphis craccivora. this is the first report of an aphid-transmitted geminivirus. | 2015 | 26109720 |
| temperature and development impacts on housekeeping gene expression in cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphidiae). | quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) is a powerful technique to quantify gene expression. to standardize gene expression studies and obtain more accurate qrt-pcr analysis, normalization relative to consistently expressed housekeeping genes (hkgs) is required. in this study, ten candidate hkgs including elongation factor 1 α (ef1a), ribosomal protein l11 (rpl11), ribosomal protein l14 (rpl14), ribosomal protein s8 (rps8), ribosomal protein s23 (rps23), nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (nadh), vacuo ... | 2015 | 26090683 |
| genetic mapping and legume synteny of aphid resistance in african cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) grown in california. | the cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch (cpa) is a destructive insect pest of cowpea, a staple legume crop in sub-saharan africa and other semiarid warm tropics and subtropics. in california, cpa causes damage on all local cultivars from early vegetative to pod development growth stages. sources of cpa resistance are available in african cowpea germplasm. however, their utilization in breeding is limited by the lack of information on inheritance, genomic location and marker linkage associations o ... | 2017 | 25620880 |
| tetrahydroindeno[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-5(1h)-ones as novel neonicotinoid insecticides: reaction selectivity and substituent effects on the activity level. | tetraheterocyclic tetrahydroindeno[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-5(1h)-one derivatives as novel neonicotinoid candidates were designed and prepared by selective etherification, chlorination and esterification of ninhydrin-heterocyclic ketene aminals adducts. some of the designed compounds showed excellent insecticidal activity against cowpea aphids (aphis craccivora), brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), and armyworm (mythimna separata). in particular, the activity against armyworm (mythim ... | 2015 | 25611859 |
| peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in moderate resistant and susceptible vicia faba induced by aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphididae) infestation. | two faba bean, vicia faba l., cultivars, gazira2 and misr1, representing cultivars moderately resistant and susceptible to aphids, were analyzed for peroxidase (pod) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activities induced by cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. infestation. two tissue types (whole plant [wp] and detached leaf [dl]), two infestation status (infested and uninfested), and three aphid infestation durations (1, 3, and 5 d) were considered in pod and ppo data analysis. factorial analysis show ... | 2014 | 25480978 |
| resource partitioning in a ladybird, menochilus sexmaculatus: function of body size and prey density. | in the present study, resource partitioning by natural conspecific size variants (small and large) of ladybird, menochilus sexmaculatus (fabricius) females, in response to varying prey densities was assessed using functional and numerical responses as measures of prey density. the prey provided was small (second) and large (fourth) instars of aphis craccivora koch. results revealed that under choice condition, small and large females of m. sexmaculatus consumed higher number of small and large i ... | 2015 | 25467186 |
| evaluation of etoxazole against insects and acari in vegetables in china. | etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, an organofluorine chitin synthesis inhibitor, was assayed for its bioactivities against several major insect and acarus pests and compared to several other pesticides: two chitin synthesis inhibitors, hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron; a pyrethroid, permethrin; an organophosphate, acephate; a carboximide, hexythiazox; and a tetrazine, clofentezine. the lc50 of etoxazole was calculated using probit analys ... | 2014 | 25373230 |
| isolation and identification of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol from stellera chamaejasme and its insecticidal activity against aphis craccivora and pieris rapae. | in this study, the root powder of stellera chamaejasme was extracted with chloroform. the crude extract thus obtained was chromatographed several times with silica gel columns and finally one pure natural product was obtained. this product was identified as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (thymol), which was separated for the first time from s. chamaejasme root. the results of a laboratorial bioassay showed that it had good insecticidal activity against aphis craccivora and pieris rapae. its median l ... | 2011 | 21328133 |
| designing tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives via catalyst-free aza-diels-alder reaction (adar) and their insecticidal evaluation. | a series of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 2-vinyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole derivatives with substituted benzylidenemalononitrile via a catalyst-free aza-diels-alder reaction. insecticidal activities of target compounds were tested against pea aphids ( aphis craccivora ), which showed that activities were strongly influenced by the substituents and their positions. especially, the introduction of a fluoro group at the 2- position increased activities ... | 2010 | 20423095 |
| biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) on faba bean (vicia faba) cultivars. | the performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. (hemiptera: aphididae), on five faba bean, vicia faba l. (fabales: fabaceae) cultivars was evaluated. colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance. two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. after 14 d , the number of apterous adult, nymphs, and total cowpea aphids were significantly lower in cultivar gazira2 and highest on cultivar misr1. assum ... | 2014 | 25368064 |
| seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoids: synthesis, crystal structure, insecticidal assay, and molecular docking studies. | to study the influence of the ring sizes, 37 novel seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoid analogues were synthesized by reactions of nitromethylene analogues, succinaldehyde, and aniline hydrochlorides. most of the title compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than that of imidacloprid (imi), cycloxaprid (cyc), and eight-membered compounds against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora), armyworm (pseudaletia separata walker), and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), which indicated that ... | 2014 | 25347284 |
| impact of imidacloprid on life-cycle development of coccinella septempunctata in laboratory microcosms. | long-term effects of a single application of imidacloprid on ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l., were studied in indoor laboratory microcosms, starting with the 2nd instar larvae of c. septempunctata but covering the full life cycle. the microcosms comprised enclosures containing a pot with soil planted with broad bean plants and black bean aphid, aphis craccivora koch, as food. exposure doses (0.85-13.66g a.i. ha(-1)) in the long-term microcosm experiment were based on a preliminary ... | 2014 | 25240465 |
| pyridine derivatives as insecticides. part 1: synthesis and toxicity of some pyridine derivatives against cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch (homoptera: aphididae). | five pyridine derivatives, namely, n-morpholinium 7,7-dimethyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-nitrophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2-thiolate (1), sodium 5-acetyl-3-amino-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[2,3-b] pyridine-2-carboxylate (2), piperidinium 3,5-dicyano-2-oxo-4-spirocyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-6-thiolate (3), piperidinium 5-acetyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylpyridine-2-thiolate (4), and piperidinium 5-acetyl-4-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-pyridine-2-thiolate ( ... | 2014 | 25226271 |
| evaluation of etoxazole against insects and acari in vegetables in china. | etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, an organofluorine chitin synthesis inhibitor, was assayed for its bioactivities against several major insect and acarus pests and compared to several other pesticides: two chitin synthesis inhibitors, hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron; a pyrethroid, permethrin; an organophosphate, acephate; a carboximide, hexythiazox; and a tetrazine, clofentezine. the lc50 of etoxazole was calculated using probit analys ... | 2014 | 25199415 |
| do aphid carcasses on the backs of larvae of green lacewing work as chemical mimicry against aphid-tending ants? | ants attack and exclude natural enemies of aphids in ant-aphid mutualisms. however, larvae of the green lacewing, mallada desjardinsi, prey on the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, without exclusion by aphid-tending ants. lacewing larvae are protected from ants by carrying aphid carcasses on their backs. here, we tested whether cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphid carcasses affected the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants. aphid carcasses were washed with n-hexane to remove lipids. lacewing lar ... | 2014 | 24894158 |
| design, synthesis, crystal structure, insecticidal activity, molecular docking, and qsar studies of novel n3-substituted imidacloprid derivatives. | three novel series of n3-substituted imidacloprid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral ((1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, ms, elemental analysis, and x-ray) data. preliminary bioassays indicated that all of the derivatives exhibited significant insecticidal activities against aphis craccivora, with lc50 values ranging from 0.00895 to 0.49947 mmol/l, and the insecticidal activities of some of them were comparable t ... | 2014 | 24834971 |
| wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control. | glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, l. hirsutum f. hirsutum mull, also known as solanum habrochaites (solanaceae), synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (mks). l. hirsutum accession la 407, having high concentration of mks, was grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. four mks (2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone) were screened for their toxicity to spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch and cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch. the ... | 2014 | 24813988 |
| identification of novel resistance gene sources to cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora koch) in cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.). | the development of cowpea aphid larvae was monitored on seven cowpea genotypes (iar-48, tvu-15866, it84s-2246-4, saka babba sata, it90k-76, kanannado and tvx 3236). the aim of the study was to determine the developmental response of the larvae as an indication of antibiotic resistance of the genotypes. highly significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed with respect to fertility, larval development, adult longevity, life span, multiplication rate and intrinsic rate of increase. kanannado and ... | 2013 | 24506004 |
| design, synthesis, crystal structures, and insecticidal activities of eight-membered azabridge neonicotinoid analogues. | three series of novel azabridge neonicotinoid analogues were designed and synthesized, which were constructed by starting material a, glutaraldehyde, and primary amine hydrochlorides (aliphatic amines, phenylhydrazines, and anilines). most of the eight-membered azabridge compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than oxabridged compound b against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). compared with imidacloprid, some azabridged compounds exhibited ex ... | 2014 | 24364696 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of nitromethylene neonicotinoids based on the enhanced conjugation. | the neonicotinoids with a nitroconjugated system had excellent bioactivity, which could rival imidacloprid, and has been previously reported. however, the photodegradation and hydrolysis of this series of neonicotinoids was very quick according to our further investigation, which cannot be developed as a pesticide further. the approach to further enhance the conjugation was tried not only to increase the bioactivities but also to improve the stability in water and in the sun. a substituted pheny ... | 2013 | 24180522 |