| [present status of an arbovirus infection: yellow fever, its natural history of hemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever]. | in the early 20th century, when it was discovered that the yellow fever virus was transmitted in its urban cycle by aedes aegypti, measures of control were introduced leading to its disappearance. progressive neglect of the disease, however, led to a new outbreak in 1927 during which the etiological agent was isolated; some years later a vaccine was discovered and yellow fever disappeared again. in the 1960s, rare cases of encephalitis were observed in young children after vaccination and the ad ... | 1999 | 10690474 |
| mitochondrial markers for molecular identification of aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) involved in transmission of arboviral disease in west africa. | correct classification of the insect vector is central to the study of arboviral disease. a simple molecular method for identification of the main vectors of the mosquito-borne viruses, dengue, yellow fever, and rift valley fever in senegal, west africa, was developed. we present a system in which the five mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) responsible for the majority of flaviviral disease transmission in senegal can be reliably identified using small amounts of dna coextracted during flaviv ... | 2005 | 15691004 |
| evolutionary processes among sylvatic dengue type 2 viruses. | sylvatic dengue viruses (denv) are transmitted in an enzootic cycle between nonhuman primates and arboreal aedes mosquitoes in southeast asia and west africa. although previous analyses have revealed the evolutionary processes among endemic (human) denv, little is known about viral evolution in the sylvatic cycle. through an analysis of 14 complete coding regions of sylvatic dengue type 2 virus sampled over a 33-year period, we show that both the rate of evolutionary change and the pattern of na ... | 2007 | 17553878 |
| two chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of la reunion (indian ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, aedes albopictus. | a chikungunya (chik) outbreak hit la réunion island in 2005-2006. the implicated vector was aedes albopictus. here, we present the first study on the susceptibility of ae. albopictus populations to sympatric chikv isolates from la réunion island and compare it to other virus/vector combinations. | 2007 | 18000540 |
| blood-feeding patterns of culex quinquefasciatus and other culicines and implications for disease transmission in mwea rice scheme, kenya. | studies were conducted in mwea rice scheme, kenya during the period april 2005 and january 2007 to determine the host-feeding pattern of culicine mosquitoes. mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors and tested for human, bovine, goat, and donkey blood meals by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a total of 1,714 blood-engorged samples comprising culex quinquefasciatus say (96.1%), culex annulioris theobald (1.8%), culex poicilipes theobald (0.9%), aedes cuminsi theobald (1.0%), aedes tay ... | 2008 | 18297310 |
| the chikungunya epidemic in italy and its repercussion on the blood system. | the chikungunya virus (chikv) is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes and recently caused a massive epidemic on la réunion island, in the indian ocean. between july and september 2007 it caused the first autochthonous epidemic outbreak in europe, in the region of emilia-romagna in the north-east of italy. | 2008 | 19112735 |
| aedes albopictus mosquito: the main vector of the 2007 chikungunya outbreak in gabon. | the primary vector at the origin of the 2007 outbreak in libreville, gabon is identified as aedes albopictus, trapped around the nearby french military camp. the chikungunya virus was isolated from mosquitoes and found to be identical to the a226v circulating human strain. this is the first field study showing the role of the recently arrived species aedes albopictus in chikungunya virus transmission in central africa, and it demonstrates this species' role in modifying the epidemiological prese ... | 2009 | 19259263 |
| yellow fever virus exhibits slower evolutionary dynamics than dengue virus. | although yellow fever has historically been one of the most important viral infections of humans, relatively little is known about the evolutionary processes that shape its genetic diversity. similarly, there is limited information on the molecular epidemiology of yellow fever virus (yfv) in africa even though it most likely first emerged on this continent. through an analysis of complete e gene sequences, including a newly acquired viral collection from central and west africa (senegal, cameroo ... | 2010 | 19889759 |
| diagnosis of chikungunya fever in an indian population by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocol based on an antigen detection assay: a prospective cohort study. | a chikungunya virus (chikv) outbreak continues in india. monitoring of the clinical features of chikv infection is an important component of assessing the disease process. diagnosis is usually made by an immunoglobulin m (igm)/igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). however, these assays have extremely low sensitivities for the detection of infection in the majority of chikv patients during the acute stage of infection (during the 1 to 4 days after infection). in our laboratory, a sensiti ... | 2010 | 20007365 |
| orally co-infected aedes albopictus from la reunion island, indian ocean, can deliver both dengue and chikungunya infectious viral particles in their saliva. | first described in humans in 1964, reports of co-infections with dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses are increasing, particularly after the emergence of chikungunya (chik) in the indian ocean in 2005-2006 due to a new variant highly transmitted by aedes albopictus. in this geographic area, a dengue (den) outbreak transmitted by ae. albopictus took place shortly before the emergence of chik and co-infections were reported in patients. a co-infection in humans can occur following the bit ... | 2010 | 20544013 |
| entomological investigation and control of a chikungunya cluster in singapore. | in august 2008, a team from the national environmental agency conducted an entomological investigation of a chikungunya cluster in singapore, with the primary aim of identifying the vector responsible for the outbreak and to assess the vector control operation. a total of 173 adult mosquitoes were caught using both the sweep-net method and the bg sentinel traps in and around the affected workers' quarters. of these, 120 (69.4%) were aedes albopictus and the rest were culex quinquefasciatus. more ... | 2011 | 21395419 |
| fever from the forest: prospects for the continued emergence of sylvatic dengue virus and its impact on public health. | the four dengue virus (denv) serotypes that circulate among humans emerged independently from ancestral sylvatic progenitors that were present in non-human primates, following the establishment of human populations that were large and dense enough to support continuous inter-human transmission by mosquitoes. this ancestral sylvatic-denv transmission cycle still exists and is maintained in non-human primates and aedes mosquitoes in the forests of southeast asia and west africa. here, we provide a ... | 2011 | 21666708 |
| biological and phylogenetic characteristics of yellow fever virus lineages from west africa. | the yellow fever virus (yfv), the first proven human-pathogenic virus, although isolated in 1927, is still a major public health problem, especially in west africa where it causes outbreaks every year. nevertheless, little is known about its genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics, mainly due to a limited number of genomic sequences from wild virus isolates. in this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of 24 full-length genomes from yfv strains isolated between 1973 and 2005 in ... | 2012 | 23269797 |
| emerging and re-emerging viruses: a global challenge illustrated by chikungunya virus outbreaks. | in recent decades, the issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially those related to viruses, has become an increasingly important area of concern in public health. it is of significance to anticipate future epidemics by accumulating knowledge through appropriate research and by monitoring their emergence using indicators from different sources. the objective is to alert and respond effectively in order to reduce the adverse impact on the general populations. most of the eme ... | 0 | 24175207 |
| chikungunya virus and prospects for a vaccine. | in 2004, chikungunya virus (chikv) re-emerged from east africa to cause devastating epidemics of debilitating and often chronic arthralgia that have affected millions of people in the indian ocean basin and asia. more limited epidemics initiated by travelers subsequently occurred in italy and france, as well as human cases exported to most regions of the world, including the americas where chikv could become endemic. because chikv circulates during epidemics in an urban mosquito-human cycle, con ... | 0 | 23151166 |
| scoping review of the zika virus literature. | the global primary literature on zika virus (zikv) (n = 233 studies and reports, up to march 1, 2016) has been compiled using a scoping review methodology to systematically identify and characterise the literature underpinning this broad topic using methods that are documented, updateable and reproducible. our results indicate that more than half the primary literature on zikv has been published since 2011. the articles mainly covered three topic categories: epidemiology of zikv (surveillance an ... | 2016 | 27244249 |
| zika virus: the latest newcomer. | since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: west nile, influenza a, avian flu, dengue, chikungunya, sars, mers, ebola, and now zika, the latest newcomer. zika virus (zikv), a flavivirus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, was identified in 1947 in a sentinel monkey in uganda, and later on in humans in nigeria. the virus was mainly confined to the african continent until it was detected in south-east asia the 1980's, t ... | 2016 | 27148186 |
| zika virus emergence in mosquitoes in southeastern senegal, 2011. | zika virus (zikv; genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae) is maintained in a zoonotic cycle between arboreal aedes spp. mosquitoes and nonhuman primates in african and asian forests. spillover into humans has been documented in both regions and the virus is currently responsible for a large outbreak in french polynesia. zikv amplifications are frequent in southeastern senegal but little is known about their seasonal and spatial dynamics. the aim of this paper is to describe the spatio-temporal pa ... | 2014 | 25310102 |
| analysis of genotype diversity and evolution of dengue virus serotype 2 using complete genomes. | dengue is one of the most common arboviral diseases prevalent worldwide and is caused by dengue viruses (genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae). there are four serotypes of dengue virus (denv-1 to denv-4), each of which is further subdivided into distinct genotypes. denv-2 is frequently associated with severe dengue infections and epidemics. denv-2 consists of six genotypes such as asian/american, asian i, asian ii, cosmopolitan, american and sylvatic. comparative genomic study was carried out t ... | 2016 | 27635316 |
| larval ecology of mosquitoes in sylvatic arbovirus foci in southeastern senegal. | although adult mosquito vectors of sylvatic arbovirus [yellow fever (yfv), dengue-2 (denv-2) and chikungunya (chikv)] have been studied for the past 40 years in southeastern senegal, data are still lacking on the ecology of larval mosquitoes in this area. in this study, we investigated the larval habitats of mosquitoes and characterized their seasonal and spatial dynamics in arbovirus foci. | 2012 | 23216815 |
| landscape ecology of sylvatic chikungunya virus and mosquito vectors in southeastern senegal. | the risk of human infection with sylvatic chikungunya (chikv) virus was assessed in a focus of sylvatic arbovirus circulation in senegal by investigating distribution and abundance of anthropophilic aedes mosquitoes, as well as the abundance and distribution of chikv in these mosquitoes. a 1650 km(2) area was classified into five land cover classes: forest, barren, savanna, agriculture and village. a total of 39,799 mosquitoes was sampled from all classes using human landing collections between ... | 2012 | 22720097 |
| chikungunya infection in india: results of a prospective hospital based multi-centric study. | chikungunya (chikv) has recently seen a re-emergence in india with high morbidity. however, the epidemiology and disease burden remain largely undetermined. a prospective multi-centric study was conducted to evaluate clinical, epidemiological and virological features of chikugunya infection in patients with acute febrile illness from various geographical regions of india. | 2012 | 22363413 |
| chikungunya virus infection of cell lines: analysis of the east, central and south african lineage. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a re-emerging mosquito borne alphavirus that has caused large scale epidemics in the countries around the indian ocean, as well as leading to autochthonous transmission in some european countries. the transmission of the disease has been driven by the emergence of an african lineage of chikv with enhanced transmission and dissemination in aedes mosquito hosts. two main genotypes of this lineage have been circulating, characterized by the presence of a substitution of ... | 2012 | 22299053 |
| quantitative real-time pcr detection of zika virus and evaluation with field-caught mosquitoes. | zika virus (zikv), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in asia and africa. zikv infection diagnosis relies on serology-which is challenging due to cross-reactions with other flaviviruses and/or absence or low titer of igm and igg antibodies at early phase of infection- virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. therefore, real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) is an appealing option as a rapid, sensitive and specific method for dete ... | 2013 | 24148652 |
| bloodfeeding patterns of sylvatic arbovirus vectors in southeastern senegal. | dengue (denv), yellow fever (yfv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses circulate in sylvatic, enzootic transmission cycles in southeastern senegal, but understanding of the vector-host interactions involved is limited. | 0 | 23423342 |
| complete genome sequences of five zika virus isolates. | zika virus is an emerging human pathogen of great concern due to putative links to microcephaly and guillain-barre syndrome. here, we report the complete genomes, including the 5' and 3' untranslated regions, of five zika virus isolates, one from the asian lineage and four from the african lineage. | 2016 | 27174284 |
| simple reverse genetics systems for asian and african zika viruses. | zika virus (zikv), a typical example of a re-emerging pathogen, recently caused large outbreaks in pacific islands and the americas, associated with congenital diseases and neurological complications. deciphering the natural history, ecology and pathophysiology of this mosquito-borne pathogen requires effective reverse genetics tools. in the current study, using the bacterium-free 'infectious subgenomic amplicons' (isa) method, we generated and made available to the scientific community via the ... | 2016 | 27991555 |