| potential for dengue in south africa: mosquito ecology with particular reference to aedes aegypti. | observations on prevalence, geographical distribution, utilization of artificial larval habitats and anthropophilism were made on diurnal mosquitoes at selected localities along the coast of natal and inland in the transvaal to identify potential vectors of dengue in south africa. larval collections made in artificial containers on the ground, the exposure of bamboo pots as ovitraps in trees and collection of mosquitoes biting man showed the following species as the most likely candidates for ve ... | 1991 | 1787403 |
| aedes furcifer and other mosquitoes as vectors of chikungunya virus at mica, northeastern transvaal, south africa. | from 1977 to 1981, studies were conducted on a farm at mica where aedes furcifer had been a vector during an epidemic of chikungunya virus in 1976 to determine whether the virus persisted in this mosquito, the likelihood of vertical transmission, and whether any other aedes species could have been vectors. aedes furcifer/cordellieri was the only prevalent tree hole aedes which fed readily on monkeys and humans and occurred through the summer until the onset of winter. virus was not isolated from ... | 1990 | 1977875 |
| [epidemic of yellow fever in the southeastern region of upper volta (october-december, 1983). epidemiological study. preliminary results]. | an epidemic of yellow fever raged during the last three months of 1983 in south east of upper volta. it spread on about ten thousand square kilometers, in a bushy savanna area, affecting only populations living in contact with forest galleries, belonging especially to the peul ethnical group. the transmission of the virus was effected by sylvatic vectors, essentially aedes furcifer. serological tests showed that about 50 % of the population living in contact with forest galleries was affected, t ... | 1984 | 6542965 |
| yellow fever in the gambia, 1978--1979: epidemiologic aspects with observations on the occurrence of orungo virus infections. | an epidemic of yellow fever (yf) occurred in the gambia between may 1978 and january 1979. retrospective case-finding methods and active surveillance led to the identification of 271 clinically suspected cases. a confirmatory or presumptive laboratory diagnosis was established in 94 cases. the earliest serologically documented case occurred in june 1978, at the extreme east of the gambia. small numbers of cases occurred in august and september. the epidemic peaked in october, and cases continued ... | 1980 | 7435793 |
| dengue 2 outbreak in southeastern senegal during 1990: virus isolations from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | during 1990, dengue-2 (den-2) virus was isolated for the first time from mosquitoes (aedes furcifer, six isolates; ae. taylori, six isolates; ae. luteocephalus, seven isolates) collected during an epidemic in which den-2 virus also was isolated from humans. numerous isolations have been made previously from mosquitoes in the absence of human infection. in senegal, den-2 virus appears to be maintained in an enzootic cycle and, therefore, plays an expanding role in human disease and increases the ... | 1994 | 7932611 |
| surveillance for yellow fever virus in eastern senegal during 1993. | during the 1993 rainy season, 15,806 mosquitoes, including 14,304 aedes ssp., were collected and tested for virus infection in 702 and 547 pools, respectively. aedes furcifer (edwards) was the most abundant species collected throughout the survey period. yellow fever (yf) virus was detected in 187 pools: ae. furcifer (123 isolates), ae. taylori (edwards) (41 isolates), and ae. luteocephalus (newstead) (23 isolates). a high prevalence of immunoglobulin (igg) antibodies was found in human and simi ... | 1996 | 8840681 |
| [epidemiology of arbovirus diseases: use and value of physiologic age determination of female mosquito vectors]. | the physiological age of yellow fever aedes females in africa was studied during four years, from 1988 to 1992. we used a method, according to polovodova's method, which looks for the "yellow body" under natural light. those yellow bodies exist in the old females, the "parous" ones, and not in the young females, the "nulliparous" ones. we present some results to illustrate the interest of studying the physiological age of mosquitoes in the epidemiology of the arboviral diseases. the transmission ... | 1996 | 8924776 |
| [present status of an arbovirus infection: yellow fever, its natural history of hemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever]. | in the early 20th century, when it was discovered that the yellow fever virus was transmitted in its urban cycle by aedes aegypti, measures of control were introduced leading to its disappearance. progressive neglect of the disease, however, led to a new outbreak in 1927 during which the etiological agent was isolated; some years later a vaccine was discovered and yellow fever disappeared again. in the 1960s, rare cases of encephalitis were observed in young children after vaccination and the ad ... | 1999 | 10690474 |
| phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among yellow fever virus isolates in africa. | previous studies with a limited number of strains have indicated that there are two genotypes of yellow fever (yf) virus in africa, one in west africa and the other in east and central africa. we have examined the prm/m and a portion of the e protein for a panel of 38 wild strains of yf virus from africa representing different countries and times of isolation. examination of the strains revealed a more complex genetic relationship than previously reported. overall, nucleotide substitutions varie ... | 2001 | 11435580 |
| amplification of the sylvatic cycle of dengue virus type 2, senegal, 1999-2000: entomologic findings and epidemiologic considerations. | after 8 years of silence, dengue virus serotype 2 (denv-2) reemerged in southeastern senegal in 1999. sixty-four denv-2 strains were isolated in 1999 and 9 strains in 2000 from mosquitoes captured in the forest gallery and surrounding villages. isolates were obtained from previously described vectors, aedes furcifer, ae. taylori, ae. luteocephalus, and--for the first time in senegal--from ae. aegypti and ae. vittatus. a retrospective analysis of sylvatic denv-2 outbreaks in senegal during the la ... | 2003 | 12643833 |
| isolations of bwamba virus from south central uganda and north eastern tanzania. | bwamba virus (genus bunyavirus, family bunyaviridae) is widely distributed in africa. it causes many unidentified fevers because of its benign nature. | 2002 | 12789111 |
| enzootic transmission of yellow fever virus in peru. | the prevailing paradigm of yellow fever virus (yfv) ecology in south america is that of wandering epizootics. the virus is believed to move from place to place in epizootic waves involving monkeys and mosquitoes, rather than persistently circulating within particular locales. after a large outbreak of yfv illness in peru in 1995, we used phylogenetic analyses of virus isolates to reexamine the hypothesis of virus movement. we sequenced a 670-nucleotide fragment of the prm/e gene region from 25 p ... | 2003 | 12967489 |
| further studies on the chikungunya outbreak in southern rhodesia in 1962. ii. transmission experiments with the aedes furcifer-taylori group of mosquitoes and with a member of the anopheles gambiae complex. | | 1964 | 14147665 |
| mitochondrial markers for molecular identification of aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) involved in transmission of arboviral disease in west africa. | correct classification of the insect vector is central to the study of arboviral disease. a simple molecular method for identification of the main vectors of the mosquito-borne viruses, dengue, yellow fever, and rift valley fever in senegal, west africa, was developed. we present a system in which the five mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) responsible for the majority of flaviviral disease transmission in senegal can be reliably identified using small amounts of dna coextracted during flaviv ... | 2005 | 15691004 |
| potential role of sylvatic and domestic african mosquito species in dengue emergence. | dengue virus 2 (denv-2) strains that circulate in sylvatic habitats of senegal and other parts of west africa are believed to represent ancestral forms that evolved into endemic/epidemic strains that now circulate widely in urban areas of the tropics. previous studies suggested that the evolution of the endemic/epidemic strains was mediated by adaptation to the peridomestic mosquito vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. we conducted experimental infections using sylvatic and peridomestic sen ... | 2005 | 16103619 |
| evolutionary processes among sylvatic dengue type 2 viruses. | sylvatic dengue viruses (denv) are transmitted in an enzootic cycle between nonhuman primates and arboreal aedes mosquitoes in southeast asia and west africa. although previous analyses have revealed the evolutionary processes among endemic (human) denv, little is known about viral evolution in the sylvatic cycle. through an analysis of 14 complete coding regions of sylvatic dengue type 2 virus sampled over a 33-year period, we show that both the rate of evolutionary change and the pattern of na ... | 2007 | 17553878 |
| using a climate-dependent model to predict mosquito abundance: application to aedes (stegomyia) africanus and aedes (diceromyia) furcifer (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes, acting as vectors, are involved in the transmission of viruses. thus, their abundances, which strongly depend on the weather and environment, are closely linked to major disease outbreaks. the aim of this paper is to provide a tool to predict vector abundance. in order to describe the dynamics of mosquito populations, we developed a matrix model integrating climate fluctuations. the population is structured in five stages: two egg stages (immature and mature), one larval stage and tw ... | 2008 | 17698422 |
| [integrated approach to yellow fever surveillance: pilot study in senegal in 2003-2004]. | the aim was to undertake a pilot study of integrated surveillance of yellow fever (yf) in senegal, based on i) a human surveillance involving healthcare centers in the 11 administrative regions of the country ii) an entomological surveillance including domestic and sylvatic environment and iii) screening mosquitoes for yf virus using rt-pcr method. the integrated approach of human and entomological surveillance was conducted for 2 years (2003-2004). surveillance in human population was based on ... | 2007 | 17824313 |
| two chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of la reunion (indian ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, aedes albopictus. | a chikungunya (chik) outbreak hit la réunion island in 2005-2006. the implicated vector was aedes albopictus. here, we present the first study on the susceptibility of ae. albopictus populations to sympatric chikv isolates from la réunion island and compare it to other virus/vector combinations. | 2007 | 18000540 |
| multidisciplinary prospective study of mother-to-child chikungunya virus infections on the island of la réunion. | an outbreak of chikungunya virus affected over one-third of the population of la réunion island between march 2005 and december 2006. in june 2005, we identified the first case of mother-to-child chikungunya virus transmission at the groupe hospitalier sud-réunion level-3 maternity department. the goal of this prospective study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, biological, and radiological features and outcomes of all the cases of vertically transmitted chikungunya infections re ... | 2008 | 18351797 |
| impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases. | while some skeptics remain unconvinced that global climate change is a reality, there is no doubt that during the past 50 years or so, patterns of emerging arbovirus diseases have changed significantly. can this be attributed to climate change? climate is a major factor in determining: (1) the geographic and temporal distribution of arthropods; (2) characteristics of arthropod life cycles; (3) dispersal patterns of associated arboviruses; (4) the evolution of arboviruses; and (5) the efficiency ... | 2009 | 18799177 |
| the chikungunya epidemic in italy and its repercussion on the blood system. | the chikungunya virus (chikv) is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes and recently caused a massive epidemic on la réunion island, in the indian ocean. between july and september 2007 it caused the first autochthonous epidemic outbreak in europe, in the region of emilia-romagna in the north-east of italy. | 2008 | 19112735 |
| aedes albopictus mosquito: the main vector of the 2007 chikungunya outbreak in gabon. | the primary vector at the origin of the 2007 outbreak in libreville, gabon is identified as aedes albopictus, trapped around the nearby french military camp. the chikungunya virus was isolated from mosquitoes and found to be identical to the a226v circulating human strain. this is the first field study showing the role of the recently arrived species aedes albopictus in chikungunya virus transmission in central africa, and it demonstrates this species' role in modifying the epidemiological prese ... | 2009 | 19259263 |
| effects of infectious virus dose and bloodmeal delivery method on susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to chikungunya virus. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is an arbovirus (genus alphavirus, family togaviridae) that has recently caused disease outbreaks in the indian ocean basin and southern europe. these outbreaks could be associated with a possible shift in primary vector from aedes aegypti to ae. albopictus. to evaluate vector competence differences in possible chikv vectors, we evaluated the dose-dependant susceptibility of florida strains of ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti for infection with a la réunion island strain ... | 2009 | 19351094 |
| larval environmental temperature and the susceptibility of aedes albopictus skuse (diptera: culicidae) to chikungunya virus. | a key feature in the recent widespread epidemic of the mosquito-borne alphavirus chikungunya virus (chikv) was the important role of aedes albopictus, formerly regarded as a secondary vector, compared to the presumed primary vector aedes aegypti. ae. albopictus, a container-inhabiting mosquito, is an invasive species that occurs over a wide geographic range spanning tropical and temperate latitudes. in this study we examine the effects of a broad range of larval rearing temperatures on chikv inf ... | 2010 | 19725768 |
| yellow fever virus exhibits slower evolutionary dynamics than dengue virus. | although yellow fever has historically been one of the most important viral infections of humans, relatively little is known about the evolutionary processes that shape its genetic diversity. similarly, there is limited information on the molecular epidemiology of yellow fever virus (yfv) in africa even though it most likely first emerged on this continent. through an analysis of complete e gene sequences, including a newly acquired viral collection from central and west africa (senegal, cameroo ... | 2010 | 19889759 |
| diagnosis of chikungunya fever in an indian population by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocol based on an antigen detection assay: a prospective cohort study. | a chikungunya virus (chikv) outbreak continues in india. monitoring of the clinical features of chikv infection is an important component of assessing the disease process. diagnosis is usually made by an immunoglobulin m (igm)/igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). however, these assays have extremely low sensitivities for the detection of infection in the majority of chikv patients during the acute stage of infection (during the 1 to 4 days after infection). in our laboratory, a sensiti ... | 2010 | 20007365 |
| orally co-infected aedes albopictus from la reunion island, indian ocean, can deliver both dengue and chikungunya infectious viral particles in their saliva. | first described in humans in 1964, reports of co-infections with dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses are increasing, particularly after the emergence of chikungunya (chik) in the indian ocean in 2005-2006 due to a new variant highly transmitted by aedes albopictus. in this geographic area, a dengue (den) outbreak transmitted by ae. albopictus took place shortly before the emergence of chik and co-infections were reported in patients. a co-infection in humans can occur following the bit ... | 2010 | 20544013 |
| yellow fever virus maintenance in trinidad and its dispersal throughout the americas. | trinidad, like many other american regions, experiences repeated epizootics of yellow fever virus (yfv). however, it is unclear whether these result from in situ evolution (enzootic maintenance) or regular reintroduction of yfv from the south american mainland. to discriminate between these hypotheses, we carried out a bayesian phylogeographic analysis of over 100 prm/e gene sequences sampled from 8 south american countries. these included newly sequenced isolates from the recent 2008-2009 trini ... | 2010 | 20631128 |
| entomological investigation and control of a chikungunya cluster in singapore. | in august 2008, a team from the national environmental agency conducted an entomological investigation of a chikungunya cluster in singapore, with the primary aim of identifying the vector responsible for the outbreak and to assess the vector control operation. a total of 173 adult mosquitoes were caught using both the sweep-net method and the bg sentinel traps in and around the affected workers' quarters. of these, 120 (69.4%) were aedes albopictus and the rest were culex quinquefasciatus. more ... | 2011 | 21395419 |
| chikungunya virus emergence is constrained in asia by lineage-specific adaptive landscapes. | adaptation of rna viruses to a new host or vector species often results in emergence of new viral lineages. however, lineage-specific restrictions on the adaptive processes remain largely unexplored. recently, a chikungunya virus (chikv) lineage of african origin emerged to cause major epidemics of severe, persistent, debilitating arthralgia in africa and asia. surprisingly, this new lineage is actively replacing endemic strains in southeast asia that have been circulating there for 60 y. this r ... | 2011 | 21518887 |
| fever from the forest: prospects for the continued emergence of sylvatic dengue virus and its impact on public health. | the four dengue virus (denv) serotypes that circulate among humans emerged independently from ancestral sylvatic progenitors that were present in non-human primates, following the establishment of human populations that were large and dense enough to support continuous inter-human transmission by mosquitoes. this ancestral sylvatic-denv transmission cycle still exists and is maintained in non-human primates and aedes mosquitoes in the forests of southeast asia and west africa. here, we provide a ... | 2011 | 21666708 |
| biological and phylogenetic characteristics of yellow fever virus lineages from west africa. | the yellow fever virus (yfv), the first proven human-pathogenic virus, although isolated in 1927, is still a major public health problem, especially in west africa where it causes outbreaks every year. nevertheless, little is known about its genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics, mainly due to a limited number of genomic sequences from wild virus isolates. in this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of 24 full-length genomes from yfv strains isolated between 1973 and 2005 in ... | 2012 | 23269797 |
| emerging and re-emerging viruses: a global challenge illustrated by chikungunya virus outbreaks. | in recent decades, the issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially those related to viruses, has become an increasingly important area of concern in public health. it is of significance to anticipate future epidemics by accumulating knowledge through appropriate research and by monitoring their emergence using indicators from different sources. the objective is to alert and respond effectively in order to reduce the adverse impact on the general populations. most of the eme ... | 0 | 24175207 |
| chikungunya virus-vector interactions. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever, a severe, debilitating disease that often produces chronic arthralgia. since 2004, chikv has emerged in africa, indian ocean islands, asia, europe, and the americas, causing millions of human infections. central to understanding chikv emergence is knowledge of the natural ecology of transmission and vector infection dynamics. this review presents current understanding of chikv infection dynamics in mosquito v ... | 2014 | 25421891 |
| chronic joint disease caused by persistent chikungunya virus infection is controlled by the adaptive immune response. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a reemerging mosquito-borne pathogen that causes incapacitating disease in humans characterized by intense joint pain that can persist for weeks, months, or even years. although there is some evidence of persistent chikv infection in humans suffering from chronic rheumatologic disease symptoms, little is known about chronic disease pathogenesis, and no specific therapies exist for acute or chronic chikv disease. to investigate mechanisms of chronic chikv-induced dise ... | 2013 | 24131709 |
| evidence for endemic chikungunya virus infections in bandung, indonesia. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is known to cause sporadic or explosive outbreaks. however, little is known about the endemic transmission of chikv. to ascertain the endemic occurrence of chikv transmission, we tested blood samples from patients with a non-dengue febrile illness who participated in a prospective cohort study of factory workers in bandung, indonesia. from august 2000 to june 2004, and september 2006 to april 2008, 1901 febrile episodes occurred and 231 (12.2%) dengue cases were identif ... | 2013 | 24205417 |
| the role of environmental variables on aedes albopictus biology and chikungunya epidemiology. | aedes albopictus is a vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses in the field, along with around 24 additional arboviruses under laboratory conditions. as an invasive mosquito species, ae. albopictus has been expanding in geographical range over the past 20 years, although the poleward extent of mosquito populations is limited by winter temperatures. nonetheless, population densities depend on environmental conditions and since global climate change projections indicate increasing temperatures and ... | 0 | 23916332 |
| factors shaping the adaptive landscape for arboviruses: implications for the emergence of disease. | many examples of the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases involve the adaptation of zoonotic viruses to new amplification hosts or to humans themselves. these include several instances of simple mutational adaptations, often to hosts closely related to the natural reservoirs. however, based on theoretical grounds, arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, may face several challenges for adaptation to new hosts. here, we review recent findings regarding adaptive evolution of arboviruse ... | 0 | 23374123 |
| chikungunya virus and prospects for a vaccine. | in 2004, chikungunya virus (chikv) re-emerged from east africa to cause devastating epidemics of debilitating and often chronic arthralgia that have affected millions of people in the indian ocean basin and asia. more limited epidemics initiated by travelers subsequently occurred in italy and france, as well as human cases exported to most regions of the world, including the americas where chikv could become endemic. because chikv circulates during epidemics in an urban mosquito-human cycle, con ... | 0 | 23151166 |
| scoping review of the zika virus literature. | the global primary literature on zika virus (zikv) (n = 233 studies and reports, up to march 1, 2016) has been compiled using a scoping review methodology to systematically identify and characterise the literature underpinning this broad topic using methods that are documented, updateable and reproducible. our results indicate that more than half the primary literature on zikv has been published since 2011. the articles mainly covered three topic categories: epidemiology of zikv (surveillance an ... | 2016 | 27244249 |
| zika virus: the latest newcomer. | since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: west nile, influenza a, avian flu, dengue, chikungunya, sars, mers, ebola, and now zika, the latest newcomer. zika virus (zikv), a flavivirus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, was identified in 1947 in a sentinel monkey in uganda, and later on in humans in nigeria. the virus was mainly confined to the african continent until it was detected in south-east asia the 1980's, t ... | 2016 | 27148186 |
| zika virus emergence in mosquitoes in southeastern senegal, 2011. | zika virus (zikv; genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae) is maintained in a zoonotic cycle between arboreal aedes spp. mosquitoes and nonhuman primates in african and asian forests. spillover into humans has been documented in both regions and the virus is currently responsible for a large outbreak in french polynesia. zikv amplifications are frequent in southeastern senegal but little is known about their seasonal and spatial dynamics. the aim of this paper is to describe the spatio-temporal pa ... | 2014 | 25310102 |
| detection of dengue group viruses by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | dengue fever (df) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) represent a global challenge in public health. it is estimated that 50 to 100 million infections occur each year causing approximately 20,000 deaths that are usually linked to severe cases like dhf and dengue shock syndrome. the causative agent of df is dengue virus (genus flavivirus) that comprises four distinct serotypes (denv-1 to denv-4). fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) has been used successfully to detect pathogenic agents, but ... | 2012 | 23110979 |
| zika virus (zikv). | | 2016 | 27994533 |
| zika virus on a spreading spree: what we now know that was unknown in the 1950's. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is transmitted through the bite of aedes spp mosquitoes and less predominantly, through sexual intercourse. prior to 2007, zikv was associated with only sporadic human infections with minimal or no clinical manifestations. recently the virus has caused disease outbreaks from the pacific islands, the americas, and off the coast of west africa with approximately 1.62 million people suspected to be infected in more than 60 countries around the g ... | 2016 | 27716242 |
| the mysterious zika virus: adding to the tropical flavivirus mayhem. | until now, known as the demure cousin of dengue virus (denv) inhabiting africa, zika virus (zikv) has reinvented itself to cause explosive epidemics captivating the western hemisphere. the outbreak causing potential for zikv was realized when it made its way from africa to yap island micronesia in 2007, and in french polynesia in 2013. from there, it moved on to brazil in 2015. now zikv has infected people in more than 33 countries in central and south america and the caribbean. moreover the epi ... | 0 | 27763483 |
| photochemical inactivation of chikungunya virus in human apheresis platelet components by amotosalen and uva light. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that recently re-emerged in africa and rapidly spread into countries of the indian ocean basin and south-east asia. the mean viremic blood donation risk for chikv on la réunion reached 1.5% at the height of the 2005-2006 outbreaks, highlighting the need for development of safety measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections. we describe successful inactivation of chikv in human platelets and plasma using photochemical treatment wi ... | 2013 | 23530077 |
| vector competence of aedes aegypti and aedes vittatus (diptera: culicidae) from senegal and cape verde archipelago for west african lineages of chikungunya virus. | to assess the risk of emergence of chikungunya virus (chikv) in west africa, vector competence of wild-type, urban, and non-urban aedes aegypti and ae. vittatus from senegal and cape verde for chikv was investigated. mosquitoes were fed orally with chikv isolates from mosquitoes (ard30237), bats (cs13-288), and humans (hd180738). after 5, 10, and 15 days of incubation following an infectious blood meal, presence of chikv rna was determined in bodies, legs/wings, and saliva using real-time revers ... | 2014 | 25002293 |
| history, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of zika: a systematic review. | to describe salient epidemiological characteristics of zika virus outbreaks across the world and to examine the clinical presentations, complications, and atypical manifestations related to their occurrence in recent history. | 0 | 26959260 |
| emerging arboviruses and public health challenges in brazil. | environmental modification by anthropogenic actions, disordered urban growth, globalization of international exchange and climate change are some factors that help the emergence and dissemination of human infectious diseases transmitted by vectors. this review discusses the recent entry of three arboviruses in brazil: chikungunya, west nile, and zika virus, focusing on the challenges for the country's public health. the brazilian population is exposed to infections caused by these three arboviru ... | 0 | 27355468 |
| sheep skin odor improves trap captures of mosquito vectors of rift valley fever. | in recent years, the east african region has seen an increase in arboviral diseases transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods. effective surveillance to monitor and reduce incidence of these infections requires the use of appropriate vector sampling tools. here, trapped skin volatiles on fur from sheep, a known preferred host of mosquito vectors of rift valley fever virus (rvfv), were used with a standard cdc light trap to improve catches of mosquito vectors. we tested the standard cdc light trap ... | 2012 | 23133687 |
| patterns of a sylvatic yellow fever virus amplification in southeastern senegal, 2010. | during the wet season of 2010, yellow fever virus (yfv) was detected in field-collected mosquitoes in the kédougou region in southeastern senegal. during this outbreak, we studied the association of the abundance of yfv-infected mosquitoes and land cover features to try and understand the dynamics of yfv transmission within the region. in total, 41,234 mosquito females were collected and tested for virus infection in 5,152 pools. yfv was detected in 67 pools; species including aedes furcifer (52 ... | 2014 | 24615140 |
| larval ecology of mosquitoes in sylvatic arbovirus foci in southeastern senegal. | although adult mosquito vectors of sylvatic arbovirus [yellow fever (yfv), dengue-2 (denv-2) and chikungunya (chikv)] have been studied for the past 40 years in southeastern senegal, data are still lacking on the ecology of larval mosquitoes in this area. in this study, we investigated the larval habitats of mosquitoes and characterized their seasonal and spatial dynamics in arbovirus foci. | 2012 | 23216815 |
| landscape ecology of sylvatic chikungunya virus and mosquito vectors in southeastern senegal. | the risk of human infection with sylvatic chikungunya (chikv) virus was assessed in a focus of sylvatic arbovirus circulation in senegal by investigating distribution and abundance of anthropophilic aedes mosquitoes, as well as the abundance and distribution of chikv in these mosquitoes. a 1650 km(2) area was classified into five land cover classes: forest, barren, savanna, agriculture and village. a total of 39,799 mosquitoes was sampled from all classes using human landing collections between ... | 2012 | 22720097 |
| chikungunya virus infection of cell lines: analysis of the east, central and south african lineage. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a re-emerging mosquito borne alphavirus that has caused large scale epidemics in the countries around the indian ocean, as well as leading to autochthonous transmission in some european countries. the transmission of the disease has been driven by the emergence of an african lineage of chikv with enhanced transmission and dissemination in aedes mosquito hosts. two main genotypes of this lineage have been circulating, characterized by the presence of a substitution of ... | 2012 | 22299053 |
| chikungunya: epidemiology. | chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes fever and debilitating joint pains in humans. joint pains may last months or years. it is vectored primarily by the tropical and sub-tropical mosquito, aedes aegypti, but is also found to be transmitted by aedes albopictus, a mosquito species that can also be found in more temperate climates. in recent years, the virus has risen from relative obscurity to become a global public health menace affecting millions of persons throughout the ... | 2016 | 26918158 |
| quantitative real-time pcr detection of zika virus and evaluation with field-caught mosquitoes. | zika virus (zikv), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in asia and africa. zikv infection diagnosis relies on serology-which is challenging due to cross-reactions with other flaviviruses and/or absence or low titer of igm and igg antibodies at early phase of infection- virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. therefore, real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) is an appealing option as a rapid, sensitive and specific method for dete ... | 2013 | 24148652 |
| bloodfeeding patterns of sylvatic arbovirus vectors in southeastern senegal. | dengue (denv), yellow fever (yfv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses circulate in sylvatic, enzootic transmission cycles in southeastern senegal, but understanding of the vector-host interactions involved is limited. | 0 | 23423342 |
| first detection of natural infection of aedes aegypti with zika virus in brazil and throughout south america. | zika virus (zikv) has caused a major epidemic in brazil and several other american countries. zikv is an arbovirus whose natural vectors during epidemics have been poorly determined. in this study, 1,683 mosquitoes collected in the vicinity of zikv suspected cases in rio de janeiro, brazil, from june 2015 to may 2016 were screened for natural infection by using molecular methods. three pools of aedes aegypti were found with the zikv genome, one of which had only one male. this finding supports t ... | 2016 | 27706382 |
| oviposition ecology and species composition of aedes spp. and aedes aegypti dynamics in variously urbanized settings in arbovirus foci in southeastern côte d'ivoire. | aedes mosquito-transmitted outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever have been reported from rural and urban parts of côte d'ivoire. the present study aimed at assessing aedes spp. oviposition ecology in variously urbanized settings within arbovirus foci in southeastern côte d'ivoire. | 2016 | 27682270 |
| impact of mosquito bites on asexual parasite density and gametocyte prevalence in asymptomatic chronic plasmodium falciparum infections and correlation with ige and igg titers. | an immunomodulatory role of arthropod saliva has been well documented, but evidence for an effect on plasmodium sp. infectiousness remains controversial. mosquito saliva may orient the immune response toward a th2 profile, thereby priming a th2 response against subsequent antigens, including plasmodium. orientation toward a th1 versus a th2 profile promotes igg and ige proliferation, respectively, where the former is crucial for the development of an efficient antiparasite immune response. here ... | 2012 | 22451520 |
| climate teleconnections and recent patterns of human and animal disease outbreaks. | recent clusters of outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases (rift valley fever and chikungunya) in africa and parts of the indian ocean islands illustrate how interannual climate variability influences the changing risk patterns of disease outbreaks. although rift valley fever outbreaks have been known to follow periods of above-normal rainfall, the timing of the outbreak events has largely been unknown. similarly, there is inadequate knowledge on climate drivers of chikungunya outbreaks. we analyze ... | 2012 | 22292093 |
| chikungunya outbreak in kedougou, southeastern senegal in 2009-2010. | in senegal, chikungunya virus (chikv), which is an emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus, circulates in a sylvatic and urban/domestic cycle and has caused sporadic human cases and epidemics since 1960s. however, the real impact of the chikv sylvatic cycle in humans and mechanisms underlying its emergence still remains unknown. | 2018 | 29354659 |