| reclassification of pasteurella gallinarum, [haemophilus] paragallinarum, pasteurella avium and pasteurella volantium as avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., avibacterium avium comb. nov. and avibacterium volantium comb. nov. | this paper describes a phenotypic and genotypic investigation of the taxonomy of [haemophilus] paragallinarum, pasteurella gallinarum, pasteurella avium and pasteurella volantium, a major subcluster within the avian 16s rrna cluster 18 of the family pasteurellaceae. an extended phenotypic characterization was performed of the type strain of [haemophilus] paragallinarum, which is nad-dependent, and eight nad-independent strains of [haemophilus] paragallinarum. complete 16s rrna gene sequences wer ... | 2005 | 15653900 |
| protection conferred by bivalent and trivalent infectious coryza bacterins against prevalent serovars of avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum in mexico. | the protection and level of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies conferred in infectious coryza bivalent- and trivalent-immunized chickens against avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum field isolates of the prevalent serovars in mexico (a-1, a-2, b-1, and c-2) were investigated. the bivalent bacterin (a-1 and c-1) conferred significant protection and increased hi antibodies against isolates of serovars a-1, a-2, and c-2, but not against a serovar b-1 isolate. the trivalent bacterin (a ... | 2005 | 16405004 |
| evaluation of the protection conferred by a disinfectant against clinical disease caused by avibacterium paragallinarum serovars a, b, and c from argentina. | this work evaluates the efficiency of the administration of the disinfectant n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (timsen) in the prevention of the horizontal transmission of serovars a, b, and c of avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of avian infectious coryza. this disinfectant was administered in drinking water (50 ppm) and once or twice per day by coarse spray (800 ppm, 8 ml per m3 during 3 seconds). in three trials conducted with vaccinated birds, the disinfectant reduced ... | 2005 | 16405005 |
| membrane vesicles released by avibacterium paragallinarum contain putative virulence factors. | avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of infectious coryza, releases extracellular membrane vesicles (mvs), containing immunogenic proteins, proteases, putative rtx proteins, haemagglutinin, and nucleic acids, into the medium. mvs ranging 50-300 nm in diameter were observed by electron microscopy. they contained immunogenic proteins in the range of 20-160 kda, detected using vaccinated or experimentally infected chicken sera raised against av. paragallinarum, but not in pooled sera fr ... | 2006 | 16553833 |
| identification and immunogenicity of an immunodominant mimotope of avibacterium paragallinarum from a phage display peptide library. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza. the protective antigens of this important pathogen have not yet been clearly identified. in this paper, we applied phage display technique to screen the immunodominant mimotopes of a serovar a strain of a. paragallinarum by using a random 12-peptide library, and evaluated the immunogenicity in chickens of the selected mimotope. polyclonal antibody directed against a. paragallinarum strain 0083 (serovar a) was used as the ta ... | 2007 | 17049758 |
| immunogenicity and haemagglutination of recombinant avibacterium paragallinarum haga. | inactivated vaccines of avibacterium paragallinarum provide protection and reduce the economic losses caused by infectious coryza. however, inactivated bacterins provide protection only against the page serovars included in the vaccine. in this study, we investigated the immunological properties of a functional recombinant haemagglutinin protein (rhaga) derived from a taiwan isolate strain a9 as the immunogen for vaccination. the rhaga subunit vaccine protected 71% of immunized chickens against ... | 2007 | 17292567 |
| virulence characterization of avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from uganda. | avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from uganda were characterized for their virulence by comparison of their pathogenicity and their resistance to serum. pathogenicity was evaluated using commercial hisex brown layer chickens, local indigenous chickens, local turkeys and local guineafowls inoculated with 108 colony-forming units of av. paragallinarum and comparing their overall mean disease scores over a period of 20 days. persistence of the bacteria in the host and water was also investigated ... | 2007 | 17364508 |
| identification and expression of a gene encoding an epitope that induces hemagglutination inhibition antibody to avibacterium paragallinarum serovar a. | the aims of this study were the identification, cloning, and expression of a genetic region encoding an epitope that induces hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody against avibacterium paragallinarum serovar a and an evaluation of the recombinant protein for immunogenicity in chickens. although two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with hi activity, designated s24-951 and s7-1716-5c, were generated in this study, no reactive proteins with both mabs were identified by western blot analysis. a gene ... | 2007 | 17461271 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiles and haemocin activities of avibacterium paragallinarum strains. | in this study, 18 avibacterium paragallinarum isolates collected in taiwan from 1990 to 2003 were serotyped and tested for resistance to antimicrobial agents. serotyping revealed that 13 isolates were page serovar a and 5 isolates were page serovar c. more than 75% of the isolates were resistant to neomycin, streptomycin and erythromycin. the most common resistance pattern (15 isolates, 83.3%) was neomycin-streptomycin. furthermore, 88.9% of the isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics ... | 2007 | 17485180 |
| the cloning and sequencing of the udp-galactose 4-epimerase gene (gale) from avibacterium paragallinarum. | the putative uridine diphosphate (udp)-galactose 4-epimerase encoding gene, gale, was isolated from avibacterium paragallinarum with the use of degenerate primers, colony hybridization and inverse pcr. the data revealed an open reading frame of 1017 bp encoding a protein of 338 amino acids with a molecular weight of 37 kda and an isoelectric point of 5.5. high sequence homology was obtained with an 87, 91 and 89% sequence identity on protein level towards the gale genes from actinobacillus pleur ... | 2007 | 17541831 |
| investigations of the occurrence of avibacterium paragallinarum infections in uganda. | investigations were conducted to determine the occurrence of avibacterium paragallinarum in poultry in uganda. a total of 710 each of bacteriologic and serum samples were taken from chickens and turkeys for demonstration of a. paragallinarum and antibodies. samples for isolation of a. paragallinarum were also subjected to direct polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for demonstration of the organism's presence. antibodies to a. paragallinarum were demonstrated in the sera using the hemagglutination in ... | 2007 | 17626479 |
| a comparison of a blocking elisa and a haemagglutination inhibition assay for the detection of antibodies to avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum in sera from artificially infected chickens. | the ability of blocking elisas and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests to detect antibodies in sera from chickens challenged with either avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum isolate hp8 (serovar a) or h668 (serovar c) was compared. serum samples were examined weekly over the 9 weeks following infection. the results showed that the positive rate of serovar a specific antibody in the b-elisa remained at 100% from the second week to the ninth week. in chickens given the serovar c challenge ... | 2007 | 17656110 |
| avibacterium endocarditidis sp. nov., isolated from valvular endocarditis in chickens. | a novel species of the pasteurellaceae, avibacterium endocarditidis sp. nov., is proposed based upon characterization of 27 isolates from valvular endocarditis in adult broiler parents. all isolates shared the same pfge type after digestion of dna with smai and xbai. in addition, all isolates meet the phenotypic characters for the genus avibacterium. separation of the novel species from other species of avibacterium was possible by means of tests for catalase, symbiotic growth, aerobic growth on ... | 2007 | 17684246 |
| amplified 16s ribosomal dna restriction analysis for identification of avibacterium paragallinarum. | a molecular technique based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16s ribosomal genes amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr), referred to as amplified 16s ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra), was designed to identify 19 avibacterium paragallinarum strains isolated from infraorbital sinus and nasal turbinate bone samples of broiler chickens, breeders, and laying hens from different regions of peru. the 16s rdna was amplified by pcr using a pair of bacterial univers ... | 2008 | 18459296 |
| identification and characterization of haemagglutinin epitopes of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar c. | the objectives of this study were to identify haemagglutinin (ha) epitopes of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar c that are capable of eliciting haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody, and to investigate their immunogenic role. three conformational epitopes were detected on ha by blocking elisa and immuno-dot blot analysis using a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with hi activity, designated 8c1c, 4g8b, 24e4d, 11e11b, and 10d1a. the minimum dna regions coding these three epitopes ... | 2008 | 18514440 |
| routine phenotypic identification of bacterial species of the family pasteurellaceae isolated from animals. | pasteurellaceae are bacteria with an important role as primary or opportunistic, mainly respiratory, pathogens in domestic and wild animals. some species of pasteurellaceae cause severe diseases with high economic losses in commercial animal husbandry and are of great diagnostic concern. because of new data on the phylogeny of pasteurellaceae, their taxonomy has recently been revised profoundly, thus requiring an improved phenotypic differentiation procedure to identify the individual species of ... | 2008 | 18987220 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of avibacterium paragallinarum in the presence of other bacteria using a 5' taq nuclease assay: a new tool for diagnosing infectious coryza. | a 5' taq nuclease assay specific for avibacterium paragallinarum was designed and optimized for use in diagnosing infectious coryza. the region chosen for assay design was one of known specificity for av. paragallinarum. the assay detected av. paragallinarum reference strains representing the three page and the eight kume serovars, and field isolates from diverse geographical locations. no cross-reactions were observed with other avibacterium species, with other bacteria taxonomically related to ... | 2008 | 19023757 |
| secreted proteins of avibacterium paragallinarum are lethal for chicken embryo. | avibacterium paragallinarum causes infectious coryza in chickens. this bacterium secretes proteins of 110 kda (a putative rtx protein) and 120 kda. expression of these proteins increases by the addition of cacl(2), mgso(4), mnso(4), or ferric ammonium citrate and diminishes with cuso(4) or zncl(2). protein expression is optimal at 37 degrees c and ph 7.5. mortality (90-100%) of chicken embryos was observed when secreted proteins (sps) from a. paragallinarum reference or field isolates (serogroup ... | 2008 | 19120255 |
| classification of the taxon 2 and taxon 3 complex of bisgaard within gallibacterium and description of gallibacterium melopsittaci sp. nov., gallibacterium trehalosifermentans sp. nov. and gallibacterium salpingitidis sp. nov. | this investigation was based on 23 isolates from several european countries collected over the past 30 years, and included characterization of all isolates. published data on amplified fragment length polymorphism typing of isolates representing all biovars as well as protein profiles were used to select strains that were then further characterized by polyamine profiling and sequencing of 16s rrna, infb, rpob and recn genes. comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences revealed a monophyletic group wit ... | 2009 | 19329598 |
| identification of iron-acquisition proteins of avibacterium paragallinarum. | when avibacterium paragallinarum reference strain 0083 (serovar a) was grown in an iron-restricted culture medium, the expression of the 60, 68 and 93 kda outer membrane proteins increased as compared with normal media. sera of chickens experimentally infected with av. paragallinarum recognized these iron-restriction induced proteins, suggesting their expression in vivo. the three outer membrane proteins were identified as transferrin receptor and iron transport proteins by mass spectroscopy and ... | 2009 | 19468937 |
| phylogenetic relationships of unclassified, satellitic pasteurellaceae obtained from different species of birds as demonstrated by 16s rrna gene sequence comparison. | avian haemophili demonstrating in vitro satellitic growth, also referred to as the v-factor or nad requirement, have mainly been classified with avibacterium paragallinarum (haemophilus paragallinarum), avibacterium avium (pasteurella avium), avibacterium volantium (pasteurella volantium) and avibacterium sp. a (pasteurella species a). the aim of the present study was to assess the taxonomic position of 18 v-factor-requiring isolates of unclassified haemophilus-like organisms isolated from galli ... | 2009 | 19573597 |
| evaluation of two experimental infection models for avibacterium paragallinarum. | the clinical symptoms of infectious coryza are multiple and include nasal discharge, facial swelling, lacrimation, and anorexia. in general, the disease is not fatal to chicken; so, in experiments where animals are infected with avibacterium paragallinarum, there have been debates about conducting the challenge model and evaluating the clinical signs. in this experiment, 150 chickens, aged 30 days, were randomly divided into different groups. some groups were infected with the 'in-contact' chall ... | 2010 | 19729253 |
| preparation and use of autogenous vaccine from avibacterium paragallinarum (strain tan 1-05) in layer chickens. | the study was conducted to prepare and evaluate the use of autogenous vaccine from avibacterium paragallinarum (strain tan 1-05) in layer chickens. the results showed that all chickens vaccinated with autogenous vaccine with 10(8)cfu/ml in aluminum phosphate gel developed mat antibodies (gmt of 2.8 log2 to 5.3 log2) against a. paragallinarum infection. moreover, the results indicated that all chickens (n=6) selected from vaccinated chickens were protected against a. paragallinarum infection afte ... | 2010 | 19731063 |
| efficacy of autogenous killed vaccine of avibacterium paragallinarum. | the efficacy of killed vaccine of avibacterium paragallinarum with mineral oil adjuvant and aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant was tested for antibody titers and protection. the autogenous vaccines at a concentration of 10(10) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml were administered to 5-wk-old male layers by subcutaneous injection in the neck twice at a 3-wk interval. each chicken was challenged with 10(8) cfu/ml in 400 microl of an homologous isolate of a. paragallinarum serotype a, ir1, at 4 wk after the ... | 2009 | 19848076 |
| serotyping of avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from peru. | this study appears to represent the first serotyping study of 24 isolates of avibacterium paragallinarum obtained from different regions of peru during 1998-2008. all isolates were characterized as beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent. according to the page scheme, modified by blackall, it was found that eight isolates were classified as serogroup a, seven isolates as serogroup b, and five isolates as serogroup c, while four isolates could not be serotyped. further serotyping, follow ... | 2009 | 19848090 |
| analysis of the biosynthesis genes and chemical components of the capsule of avibacterium paragallinarum. | the aim of this study was to investigate biosynthesis genes and chemical components of the capsule of avibacterium paragallinarum. the sequence of a 10-kb region containing the capsule biosynthetic locus of av. paragallinarum was determined. two reference strains, i.e., 221 (serovar a) and h18 (serovar c), together with four taiwanese field strains (all serovar c) were sequenced. the results showed that there are two genotypes (i and ii) of the capsule biosynthetic locus in av. paragallinarum, a ... | 2010 | 20362405 |
| observations on the incidence and aetiology of valvular endocarditis in broiler breeders and detection of a newly described taxon of pasteurellaceae, avibacterium endocarditidis. | a total of 122 dead broiler breeders randomly selected from a flock showing normal production parameters and covering the age from 44 to 61 weeks were subjected to a comprehensive routine post-mortem examination including examination for lesions of endocarditis. forty-two hens (34%) showed valvular endocarditis caused by avibacterium endocarditidis (43%), enterococcus faecalis (31%), staphylococcus aureus (5%) and streptococcus pluranimalium (5%), while growth was not obtained from 17% with the ... | 2010 | 20544423 |
| identification of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar b-1 from severe infectious coryza outbreaks in panama. | the isolation and identification of avibacterium paragallinarum serovar b-1 from severe infectious coryza outbreaks in broiler breeders in panama is reported for the first time. infectious coryza was absent for over a decade in the breeder farms area. disease outbreaks were characterized by an up to 45% drop in egg production and increased mortality. use of a commercial trivalent bacterin and a strengthened biosecurity program prevented outbreaks in susceptible flocks in the farm. | 2010 | 20945795 |
| hemagglutinin serotyping of avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from ecuador. | avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza, an acute respiratory disease of chickens. in this study, a total of 28 isolates of a. paragallinarum from ecuador were serotyped by the hemagglutinin scheme which recognizes nine serovars. out of 28 isolates, 17 isolates belonged to serovar a-3, and five isolates to each serovars b-1 and c-1, whereas one isolate was non-typeable. this is the first report of a. paragallinarum serovar a-3 outside brazil and serovar c-1 outsid ... | 2010 | 21104010 |
| study on the efficacy and safety of different antigens and oil formulations of infectious coryza vaccines containing an nad-independent strain of avibacterium paragallinarum. | the present study was designed to assess and compare three different formulations of the new onderstepoort infectious coryza (ic) quadrivalent vaccine, which contain an nad-independent strain of avibacterium paragallinarum (previously known as haemophilus paragallinarum), and a commercial ic vaccine, not containing an nad-independent strain, for their safety and ability to protect chickens of varying ages against virulent challenges with four different serovars of a. paragallinarum, including th ... | 2009 | 21105597 |
| recombinant proteins containing the hypervariable region of the haemagglutinin protect chickens against challenge with avibacterium paragallinarum. | the haemagglutinin (ha) protein plays a key role in the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of avibacterium paragallinarum, but the domain organization and antigenicity exhibited by different domains of this protein remain unknown. this study reports the presence of a hypervariable region in the ha proteins of strains of serovars a and c of a. paragallinarum. this hypervariable region is located approximately at residues 1100-1600 of the ha protein. the sequence identity found in this hypervariable ... | 2010 | 21115052 |
| vaccination of one-day-old broiler chicks against infectious coryza. | in order to evaluate the protection conferred by an experimental inactivated vaccine against infectious coryza, three challenge trials were undertaken using 112 1-day-old broilers. the vaccine "hepa inmuno nc" included bacterial antigens of avibacterium paragallinarum (serogroups a, b, variant b, and c) as well as antigens of newcastle virus and hepatitis virus. fifty-six broiler chicks were vaccinated at the first day of life at the hatchery while another 56 chicks were left unvaccinated. three ... | 2011 | 21500647 |
| in this year of the veterinarian, we are including a series of papers on the history of veterinary medicine in australia. | disease control during the colonial period in australiaôçâ-àôçâneurological diseases of ruminant livestock in australiaôçâ-àôçâcoxiella burnetii in beef cattle in queenslandôçâ-àôçâdesmotomy for flexural deformity in thoroughbredsôçâ-àôçâacute myeloid leukaemia in a thoroughbred foalôçâ-àôçâgrowth variants of avibacterium paragallinarumôçâ-àôçâvolvulus in a dugong. | 2011 | 21696368 |
| unusual growth variants of avibacterium paragallinarum. | two isolates of haemophilic bacteria originally isolated in the 1980s from chickens were re-examined. the addition of a 10% sterile filtrate from an overnight culture of staphylococcus epidermidis allowed growth of both isolates in solid and liquid media that were otherwise not capable of supporting the growth of these isolates. using the modified media, genotypic and serotypic studies were performed, which confirmed both isolates to be avibacterium paragallinarum, with one isolate being serovar ... | 2011 | 21696378 |
| development of a multiplex pcr and pcr-rflp method for serotyping of avibacterium paragallinarum. | avibacterium (haemophilus) paragallinarum (a. paragallinarum) is a causative agent of infectious coryza in chickens, and is classified into three serovars by agglutination tests. in an effort to identify the serovars easily, pcr and pcr-rflp were employed. as the target gene for pcr, the hypervariable region of hmtp210 which encodes the ha antigen was used. pcr using primer sets around the hypervariable region amplified 0.8, 1.1 and 1.6 kbp fragments for serovars a, b, and c, respectively. alter ... | 2011 | 21979456 |
| multilocus sequence phylogenetic analysis of avibacterium. | this study examined 49 field isolates of the genus avibacterium, with these 49 being allocated to 36 epidemiologically unrelated groups with one isolate from each group being examined in detail. in addition, six type and reference strains were investigated. phylogenetic analysis of partially sequenced recn, rpob, infb, pgi and soda genes confirmed the existence of the species avibacterium paragallinarum, while a species complex encompassing avibacterium volantium, avibacterium avium, avibacteriu ... | 2012 | 22241047 |