| trichodinid ectoparasites (ciliophora: peritrichida) from the gills of mariculture molluscs in china, with the descriptions of four news species of trichodina ehrenberg, 1838. | four new species of the genus trichodina, found on gills of marine molluscs from aquaculture beds off the coast of qingdao (tsingao), china, are described: t. chlamydis n. sp. from azumapecten (chlamys)farreri (pectinidae), t. sinonovaculae n. sp. from sinonovacula constricta (solenidae), t. liana n. sp. from solen (plectosolen) gracilis (solenidae) and t. meretricis n. sp. from meretrix meretrix (veneridae). the descriptions presented here include morphometric data obtained from examinations of ... | 1999 | 10613541 |
| [a study on the contents of fat and fatty acids in five shellfishes]. | the contents of fat and fatty acids in callista erycina (linnaeus), paphia (paratapes) undulata (born), meretrix meretrix (linnaeus), chlamys farreri (jones et preston) and patinopecten yessoensis (jay) were studied. fat was extracted with bligh & dyer (b&d) method. the lipid classes were transesterified with potassium hydroxide in methanol. fatty acid methyl esters (fames) were assayed with gc-ms and polar capillary column (hp-innowax 30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 micron). gc injector temperature ... | 2001 | 12541656 |
| investigation of nematopsis spp. oocysts in 7 species of bivalves from chonburi province, gulf of thailand. | this is the first detailed report of nematopsis spp. in thai bivalves. a monthly survey was conducted on 7 species of commercial bivalves from chonburi province, on the eastern seaboard of thailand, from november 2000 to november 2001 to investigate the prevalence of the apicomplexan parasite nematopsis schneider, 1892. nematopsis spp. sporozoites were found in the cultivated bivalves arcuatula arcuatula, anadara granosa and perna viridis as well as the locally harvested paphia undulata. they we ... | 2004 | 15038451 |
| inhibitory effects of anticancer peptide from mercenaria on the bgc-823 cells and several enzymes. | an anti-cancer peptide was purified from the mercenaria (meretrix meretrix linnaeus) by the method of chromatography on sephadex g-25 and fplc, and its molecular weight was determined to be 3147 da by the way of maldi-tof mass spectrum. the effects of this peptide on human gastric gland carcinoma cells (bgc-823) and their cytoskeletal morphology were investigated. the results showed that the peptide could inhibit the proliferation of bgc-823 cells and obviously destroy the skeletal structures of ... | 2005 | 15710411 |
| inhibition of cell growth and induction of g1-phase cell cycle arrest in hepatoma cells by steroid extract from meretrix meretrix. | in this study, we report that the steroid extract 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxycholest-6-ene-3beta-ol (mme) from meretrix meretrix has the ability to inhibit growth of hepatoma cells and to induce g1-phase cell cycle arrest in two human hepatoma cell lines, hepg2 and hep3b. hepg2 cells were more sensitive than hep3b to mme. the extract markedly up-regulated the expression of p53 and p21waf1/cip1 in hepg2, suggesting that mme-induced g1 phase cell cycle arrest in hepg2 might be p53-dependent. therefore ... | 2006 | 16458116 |
| distribution of virulent and pandemic strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus in three molluscan shellfish species (meretrix meretrix, perna viridis, and anadara granosa) and their association with foodborne disease in southern thailand. | distribution of pandemic strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood, particularly in molluscan shellfish, and their serological and molecular relationships to clinical strains were examined from hat yai city in southern thailand. during 2000 to 2002, virulent strains (tdh+ or trh+) were isolated from 13 of 230 molluscan shellfish samples using alkaline peptone water enrichment followed by immunomagnetic separation. the isolates included 12 pandemic strains (tdh+, trh-, group-specific pcr posi ... | 2006 | 17133804 |
| a novel anti-tumor protein extracted from meretrix meretrix linnaeus induces cell death by increasing cell permeability and inhibiting tubulin polymerization. | discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals from marine organisms are attracting increasing interest. several agents derived from marine organisms are under preclinical and clinical evaluation as potential anti-cancer drugs. we extracted and purified a novel anti-tumor protein from the coelomic fluid of meretrix meretrix linnaeus by ammonium sulphate fractionation, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the molecular weight of the highly purified protein, designated mml, w ... | 2009 | 19724916 |
| identification and characterization of the pathogenic effect of a vibrio parahaemolyticus-related bacterium isolated from clam meretrix meretrix with mass mortality. | a mass mortality of clam, meretrix meretrix, occurred in jiangsu province of china in the late september of 2007. of the isolates obtained from the diseased clams, mm21 had the strongest virulence to the clam in the virulence test, with a ld50 value of approximately 6 x 10(6)cfu ml(-1). mm21 was identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus by the vitek 2 compact system and 16s rdna sequencing. detection of virulence-associated genes by pcr indicated that mm21 was positive for toxr and tlh, and negative ... | 2010 | 19945463 |
| [effects of sea water temperature and salinity on the growth and survival of juvenile meretrix meretrix linnaeus]. | a laboratory test was conducted to study the effects of different sea water temperature (17 grads) and salinity (19 grads) on the growth and survival of juvenile meretrix meretrix. the suitable and optimum sea water salinities for the survival of juvenile m. meretrix were 6.5-39.5 and 9.0-31.0, and those for the juvenile growth were 7.3-38.7 and 15.0-23.0, respectively. the suitable sea water temperature for the survival of the juveniles was 4.0 degrees c-36.1 degrees c; the suitable temperature ... | 2009 | 20077717 |
| investigation of perfluorinated compounds (pfcs) in mollusks from coastal waters in the bohai sea of china. | the occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (pfcs) in the bohai sea region, a semi-enclosed bay in north china, was assessed in this present study. nine different pfcs were measured in eleven mollusk species (soft tissues) collected from 9 coastal cities. most of the analyzed pfcs could be detected in the samples, with perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) as the prominent pfc, although perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) has been shown to be more bioaccumulative than pfoa by other studies. the detection fr ... | 2010 | 20145894 |
| recombinant expression, characterization and expressional analysis of clam meretrix meretrix cathepsin b, an enzyme involved in nutrient digestion. | cathepsin b is one of the most important proteolytic enzymes involved in the nutrient metabolism of clam meretrix meretrix. the recombinant fusion protein gst-mmecb (rgst-mmecb) was obtained at a high level from escherichia coli and identified using lc-esi-ms/ms. the gst tag was cleaved from rgst-mmecb, and the resulting recombinant mmecb (rmmecb) was able to degrade the selective substrate carbobenzoxy-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (z-arg-arg-afc) in vitro. the kinetic p ... | 2011 | 20853148 |
| analysis of metallotionein expression and antioxidant enzyme activities in meretrix meretrix larvae under sublethal cadmium exposure. | to investigate the possible role of metallothioneins (mts) and antioxidant enzymes in cadmium (cd) tolerance in meretrix meretrix larvae, a new mt (designated mmmt) gene was identified and cloned from m. meretrix. the full-length cdna of mmmt consisted of an open reading frame (orf) of 231bp encoding a protein of 76 amino acids, with 21 cysteine residues and a conserved structural pattern cys-x-cys-x(3)-cys-tyr-gly-x(3)-cys-x-cys-x(3)-cys-x-cys-lys at the c-terminus. the deduced amino acid seque ... | 2010 | 20869127 |
| isolation and characterization of a virulent vibrio sp. bacterium from clams (meretrix meretrix) with mass mortality. | mm5 was a bacterial strain isolated from moribund clam (meretrix meretrix) collected from a farm with mass mortality outbreak. primary genotypic and phenotypic identification including 16s rdna sequence analysis, multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) of four housekeeping genes (gapa, ftsz, mreb and topa) and biochemical tests suggested that strain mm5 was a vibrio species closest to but different from vibrio furnissii. our previous study indicated that mm5 could induce a high mortality of m. meret ... | 2010 | 21055407 |
| an i-type lysozyme from the asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix potentially functioning in host immunity. | lysozymes function in animal immunity. three types of lysozyme have been identified in animal kingdom and most lysozymes identified from bivalve molluscs belong to the invertebrate (i) type. in this research, we cloned and sequenced a new i-type lysozyme, named mmelys, from the asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix. mmelys cdna was constituted of 552 bp, with a 441 bp open reading frame encoding a 146 amino acid polypeptide. the encoded polypeptide was predicted to have a 15 amino acid signal pept ... | 2010 | 21134465 |
| cloning and characterization of a hsp70 gene from asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix which is involved in the immune response against bacterial infection. | in the present study, a 71.43 kda heat shock protein cdna was cloned from asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix. the cdna was 2292 bp, containing an open reading frame (orf) of 1959 bp, which encodes a protein of 652 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 71.43 kda and an isoelectric point of 5.32. based on the amino acid sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis, this hsp70 cdna is a member of cytoplasmic hsc70 (constitutive genes) subfamily in the hsp70 family, and is designated as ... | 2011 | 21215805 |
| molecular characterization of a glutathione peroxidase gene and its expression in the selected vibrio-resistant population of the clam meretrix meretrix. | glutathione peroxidase (gpx) is an important member of cellular enzymatic antioxidant system, which may be involved in pathogen defense of host. in the present study, a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (mmegpx) gene from clam meretrix meretrix was cloned and analyzed. the mmegpx gene was composed of two introns of 723 bp and 238 bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 711 bp. the orf encodes a protein of 237 amino acids with a putative selenocysteine residue encoded by an unusual stop cod ... | 2011 | 21440068 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 january 2009-30 april 2009. | this article documents the addition of 283 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: agalinis acuta; ambrosia artemisiifolia; berula erecta; casuarius casuarius; cercospora zeae-maydis; chorthippus parallelus; conyza canadensis; cotesia sesamiae; epinephelus acanthistius; ficedula hypoleuca; grindelia hirsutula; guadua angustifolia; leucadendron rubrum; maritrema novaezealandensis; meretrix meretrix; nilaparvata lugens; ... | 2009 | 21564911 |
| identification and expression of a putative lps-induced tnf-α factor from asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix. | lps-induced tnf-α (litaf) is a novel transcriptional factor that mediates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lps-induced processes. in the present study, the full-length cdna encoding litaf (designated as mm-litaf) was identified from asiatic hard clam, meretrix meretrix, by expressed sequence tag and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of mm-litaf was 1653 bp, consisting of a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 91 bp, a 3'utr of 1166 bp with one cytokin ... | 2011 | 21567197 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of an inhibitor of nf-+¦b (i+¦b) from asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix. | inhibitor of nf-+¦b (i+¦b) is an important member of rel/nf-+¦b signaling pathway, which is an important mediator of immune responses in innate immune system. in this study, the i+¦b cdna of hard clam meretrix meretrix (designated as mm-i+¦b) was cloned and characterized. the full-length cdna of mm-i+¦b was of 2098 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 123 bp, a 3' utr of 810 bp with a poly (a) tail, and an open reading frame (orf) of 1164 bp encoding a polypeptide of 387 amino acids. ... | 2011 | 21689757 |
| the potential roles of a laminin receptor in adhesion and apoptosis of cells of the marine bivalve meretrix meretrix. | the laminin receptors (lrs) play important roles in cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, certain cell-cell adhesions, and the activation of many intracellular signaling pathways. studies of lrs have primarily focused on mammals, while few studies of lrs in marine invertebrates have been reported. the functions of lrs in marine bivalve species are still unclear. | 2012 | 23056594 |
| the involvement of cysteine-rich intestinal protein in early development and innate immunity of asiatic hard clam, meretrix meretrix. | cysteine-rich intestinal protein (crip), a zn(2+)-binding protein, contains a single copy of the highly conserved double-zinc-finger structure known as the lim (lin-11-isl-1-mec-3) motif. in this paper, a cdna encoding mmcrip was isolated from the asiatic hard clam meretrix meretrix. the full-length cdna of mmcrip consists of a 237-bp open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide of 78 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight (mw) of 8635.8 da and theoretical isoelectric point (pi) of 9.01. ... | 2014 | 25108085 |
| investigation on the differences of accumulating escherichia coli in three types of shellfish species, involving in the environmental factors. | this study investigated accumulation of escherichia coli and aerobic colony count in three types of shellfish species. the results indicated that the capability of accumulating e. coli and aerobic colony count for sinonovacula constricta was stronger than that for meretrix meretrix and tegillarca granosa, and capability of accumulating e. coli for m. meretrix was slightly stronger than that for t. granosa. however, no significant difference was observed in the capability of accumulating aerobic ... | 2016 | 27283878 |
| intracellular cu/zn superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) from hard clam meretrix meretrix: its cdna cloning, mrna expression and enzyme activity. | hard clam (meretrix meretrix) is an economically important bivalve in china. in the present study, a gene coding for an intracellular cu/zn-sod was cloned and characterized from hard clam. the full-length cdna of this cu/zn-sod (designated as mm-iccuzn-sod) consisted of 1,383 bp, with a 462-bp of open reading frame (orf) encoding 153 amino acids. several highly conserved motifs, including the cu/zn binding sites [h(46), h(48), h(63), and h(119) for cu binding; h(63), h(71), h(80), and d(83) for ... | 2012 | 23053968 |
| lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein in the hard clam (meretrix meretrix): molecular characterization and expression analysis. | pattern recognition molecules play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing conserved molecular patterns that are present on the surface of invading microorganisms. in this study, a lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (lgbp) gene was cloned from the hard clam meretrix meretrix (designated as mm-lgbp) by the expressed sequence tags and rapid amplification of cdna ends method. the cdna was 1827 bp in length, consisting of a 71-bp 5'-terminal untranslated region, a 62-bp ... | 2014 | 25062483 |
| development of vibrio spp. infection resistance related snp markers using multiplex snapshot genotyping method in the clam meretrix meretrix. | the clam meretrix meretrix is a commercially important mollusc species in the coastal areas of south and southeast asia. in the present study, large-scale snps were genotyped by the multiplex snapshot genotyping method among the stocks of m. meretrix with different vibrio spp. infection resistance profile. firstly, the autosnp software was applied to mine snps from m. meretrix transcriptome, and 323 snp loci (including 120 indels) located on 64 contigs were selected based on uniprot-go associati ... | 2015 | 25655323 |
| three vibrio-resistance related est-ssr markers revealed by selective genotyping in the clam meretrix meretrix. | the clam meretrix meretrix is an important commercial bivalve distributed in the coastal areas of south and southeast asia. in this study, marker-trait association analyses were performed based on the stock materials of m. meretrix with different vibrio-resistance profile obtained by selective breeding. forty-eight est-ssr markers were screened and 27 polymorphic ssrs of them were genotyped in the clam stocks with different resistance to vibrio parahaemolyticus (11-r and 11-s) and to vibrio harv ... | 2013 | 23707743 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in i-type lysozyme gene and their correlation with vibrio-resistance and growth of clam meretrix meretrix based on the selected resistance stocks. | i-type lysozyme is considered to play crucial roles in both anti-bacteria and digestion function of the bivalve, which signifies that it is related to both immunity and growth. in this study, based on the principle of case-control association analysis, using the stock materials with different vibrio-resistance profile obtained by selective breeding, single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the dna partial sequence of an i-type lysozyme of meretrix meretrix (mmelys) were discovered and examined ... | 2012 | 22728564 |
| identification of a serum amyloid a gene and the association of snps with vibrio-resistance and growth traits in the clam meretrix meretrix. | serum amyloid a (saa), an acute response protein as well as an apolipoprotein, is considered to play crucial roles in both innate immunity and lipid metabolism. in this study, a saa gene (mmsaa) was identified in the clam meretrix meretrix. the full length dna of mmsaa was 1407bp, consisting of three exons and two introns. the distribution of mmsaa in clam tissues was examined with the highest expression in hepatopancreas. in response to the vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, mmsaa mrna showed s ... | 2015 | 25602707 |
| the role of cu/zn-sod and mn-sod in the immune response to oxidative stress and pathogen challenge in the clam meretrix meretrix. | the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) and manganese superoxide dismutase (mn-sod) could effectively eliminate reactive oxygen species (ros) and maintain the redox balance of immune system. in the present study, the potential synergy of cu/zn-sod and mn-sod in immune system was investigated in the clam meretrix meretrix. the expression of cu/zn-sod mainly distributed in hepatopancreas and that of mn-sod was higher in gill of m. meretrix, and their mrna and protein activity paralleled w ... | 2015 | 25449371 |
| toxicological responses of the hard clam meretrix meretrix exposed to excess dissolved iron or challenged by vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the responses of genes encoding defense components such as ferritin, the lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor (litaf), the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κb (iκb), metallothionein, and glutathione peroxidase were assessed at the transcriptional level in order to investigate the toxicological and immune mechanism of the hard clam meretrix meretrix (hcmm) following challenge with iron or a bacterium (vibrio parahaemolyticus). fe dissolved in natural seawater led to an increas ... | 2014 | 25269138 |
| the role of catalase in the immune response to oxidative stress and pathogen challenge in the clam meretrix meretrix. | catalase (cat) can effectively eliminate h(2)o(2) and maintain the redox balance of immune system, which is essential for innate immunity. a catalase gene was cloned and its potential role in immune system was investigated in the clam, meretrix meretrix. the catalase (mmecat) gene had an open reading frame of 1533 bp encoding 511 amino acids which showed high identity with that of molluscs. the distribution of mmecat in clam tissues was examined and the mrna, protein expression and cat activity ... | 2013 | 23079536 |
| occurrence of clinical genotype vibrio vulnificus in clam samples in mangalore, southwest coast of india. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing gastroenteritis, wound infection and primary septicemia. v. vulnificus population has been divided into subpopulations based on their phenotype and genotype characteristics. in this study, 38.5% (10/26) of clam (meretrix meretrix) samples obtained from mangalore markets were seen to harbor v. vulnificus. biochemical characterization of v. vulnificus isolates showed the strains to belong to biotype 1 phenotype. genotyping of strains usi ... | 2017 | 28298693 |
| trace elements in major marketed marine bivalves from six northern coastal cities of china: concentrations and risk assessment for human health. | one hundred and fifty nine samples of nine edible bivalve species (argopecten irradians, chlamys farreri, crassostrea virginica, lasaea nipponica, meretrix meretrix, mytilus edulis, ruditapes philippinarum, scapharca subcrenata and sinonovacula constricta) were randomly collected from eight local seafood markets in six big cities (dalian, qingdao, rizhao, weifang, weihai and yantai) in the northern coastal areas of china for the investigation of trace element contamination. as, cd, cr, cu, hg, p ... | 2014 | 25128644 |
| comparison of antigenicity among haemocytes of seven bivalve species by monoclonal antibodies against haemocytes of scallop (chlamys farreri). | in this paper, haemocyte antigenicity of seven bivalve species (scallop (chlamys farreri), bay scallop (argoecten irradians), oyster (crassostrea talienwhanensis), asiatic hard clam (meretrix meretrix), monila clam (ruditapes philipinarum), purplish washington clam (saxidomus purpuratus) and horny ark (scapharca subcrenta)) were analysed using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) 1e7, 1f12, 2c6 and 2h5 against haemocytes of c. farreri, employed methods of immuno-dotblotting (idb), indirect immunofluores ... | 2006 | 16157487 |
| distribution of as, cd, and pb in seafood in southern china and their oral bioavailability in mice. | the distribution of the toxic elements as, cd, and pb in nine different types of seafood from shenzhen, china, was investigated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). the results revealed that the concentrations of arsenic (as) in fish (lutjanus erythropterus, paralichthys olivaceus) and in bivalve (meretrix meretrix) and cadmium (cd) in scallop (argopecten irradians) exceed the limits established by food safety regulations in china and eu (european union). furthermore, ... | 2017 | 27882492 |
| levels and chemical speciation of arsenic in representative biota and sediments of a tropical mangrove wetland, india. | the general concern for arsenic in the marine environment is associated with its wide distribution and potential toxicity. in the present work, concentrations and chemical speciation of arsenic were characterized in sediments and representative biota from the indian sundarban, the largest continuous mangrove tract formed at the mouth of the hugli (ganges) river estuary, northeastern part of the bay of bengal. analyzed organisms included both shellfish (macoma birmanica, sanguinolaria acuminata a ... | 2013 | 23400359 |
| environmental monitoring of pesticide exposure and effects on mangrove aquatic organisms of mozambique. | the use of pesticides in mozambique is increasing along with the development of agriculture in the country. mangroves along the coastlines are ecologically important areas and vital nursing grounds for many aquatic species, several of which are of high economic value in mozambique. barred mudskipper (periophthalmus argentilineatus), jarbua fish (terapon jarbua), indian white prawn (penaeus indicus) and the clam meretrix meretrix were collected at three mangrove sites in the maputo bay area. this ... | 2016 | 27422103 |
| ultrastructural characteristics of nematopsis sp. oocysts (apicomplexa: porosporidae), a parasite of the clam meretrix meretrix (veneridae) from the arabian gulf, saudi arabia. | this paper describes the fine structure of oocysts of nematopsis sp. (apicomplexa, porosporidae) found in the abductor muscles of seawater clams, meretrix meretrix (linnaeus, 1758) (veneridae), collected near the city of dammam (6 degrees 17'0"n, 50 degrees 12'0"e) in the arabian gulf off the coast of saudi arabia. oocysts of an ellipsoidal shape were found among myofibrils of the abductor muscles of infected clams. each oocyst is composed of an oocyst wall surrounding a single uninucleate vermi ... | 2012 | 22779107 |