| hematozoa from southern african vultures, with a description of haemoproteus janovyi sp. n. | this study represents the first major survey of avian hematozoa from southern africa and the only one dealing with blood parasites of vultures. blood smears from 506 rhodesian, botswanan and south african vultures (hooded, white-headed, lappetfaced, cape griffon and whitebacked vultures) were examined for hematozoa. haemoproteus janovyi sp. n. was observed in 35.2% of the vultures, leucocytozoon toddi in 0.8%, plasmodium fallax in 0.6%, atoxoplasma sp. in 1.4% and microfilariae in 0.2%. hematozo ... | 1979 | 109605 |
| hemograms and hematozoa of sharp-shinned (accipiter striatus) and cooper's hawks (accipiter cooperii) captured during spring migration in northern new york. | hemograms were determined for 26 cooper's (accipiter cooperii) and 55 sharp-shinned hawks (accipiter striatus) captured during spring migration (27 march to 12 may 1987) on the south shore of lake ontario, new york (usa). no significant differences were noted in packed cell volume and estimated total solids between the species. however, cooper's hawks had significantly higher total white blood cells counts and higher concentrations of heterophils, monocytes, and eosinophils. proportionally, lymp ... | 1995 | 8583640 |
| evidence for cryptic speciation of leucocytozoon spp. (haemosporida, leucocytozoidae) in diurnal raptors. | species of leucocytozoon (haemosporida, leucocytozoidae) traditionally have been described based on morphological characters of their blood stages and host cells, with limited information on their avian host specificity. based on the current taxonomy, leucocytozoon toddi is the sole valid species of leucocytozoids parasitizing falconiform birds. using a nested polymerase chain reaction protocol, we determined the prevalence of leucocytozoon infection in 5 species of diurnal raptors from californ ... | 2006 | 16729697 |
| attraction between sexes: male-female gametocyte behaviour within a leucocytozoon toddi (haemosporida). | understanding the breeding systems of plasmodium, and the closely related haemoproteus and leucocytozoon (apicomplexa: haemosporida), is fundamental to virulence and transmission research. we report an unusual binding behaviour between gametocytes of leucocytozoon toddi. this aggregative behaviour was notably characterised by a disparity in the likelihood of clustering by female and male gametocytes. thus, indicating a possible difference in the 'stickiness' of gametocytes per sex. overall, 12% ... | 2008 | 18297311 |
| haematozoa of raptors and other birds from britain, spain and the united arab emirates. | in britain, 20.3% of raptors examined were infected with haematozoa and in spain 14.2%. of the birds from the united arab emirates 24.1% were found to be infected. haemoproteus tinnunculi, h. nisi, leucocytozoon toddi, l. ziemanni and trypanosoma avium were identified from raptors and h. telfordi from a houbara bustard. | 1983 | 18766803 |
| prevalence of hematozoa in falcons in the united arab emirates with respect to the origin of falcon hosts. | to determine the prevalence of blood parasites with regard to country of origin in a population of falcons kept in the united arab emirates (uae), 432 falcons of 3 different species and 2 hybrid species originating from asia, europe, and the united states were examined. birds were divided into 2 groups. group 1 comprised 323 birds examined immediately after arrival in the uae. blood parasites were detected in 6.8% of birds. group 2 comprised 109 birds kept longer than 5 months in the uae; of the ... | 2008 | 19014093 |
| identification of leucocytozoon toddi group (haemosporida: leucocytozoidae), with remarks on the species taxonomy of leucocytozoids. | the current taxonomy of leucocytozoids (haemosporida, leucocytozoidae) is based on the morphology of blood stages of the parasites and on limited information about their specificity. recent molecular studies have revealed a remarkable genetic diversity of leucocytozoids, indicating that their taxonomic diversity may be greater than in the current classifications. we addressed this issue using morphological data and phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene of 14 positively identified specie ... | 2010 | 19685938 |
| parasite infections in nestling red-shouldered hawks (buteo lineatus) in northeast wisconsin. | red-shouldered hawks (buteo lineatus) are threatened in wisconsin and long-term data suggest that nest productivity is low in the state for unknown reasons. our objective was to determine whether red-shouldered hawks in northeast wisconsin were infected with parasites that could contribute to low nest productivity. we examined nestlings for the presence of trichomonas gallinae, protocalliphora avium, and blood parasites in june 2006 and 2007. we did not detect t. gallinae in throat swabs taken f ... | 2010 | 20557199 |
| blood parasites in northern goshawk (accipiter gentilis) with an emphasis to leucocytozoon toddi. | haemosporidians and trypanosomes of the northern goshawk (accipiter gentilis) population in the czech republic were studied by morphological and molecular methods. despite the wide distribution of these medium-large birds of prey, virtually nothing is known about their blood parasites. during a 5-year period, altogether 88 nestlings and 15 adults were screened for haemosporidians and trypanosomes by microscopic examination of blood smears and by nested pcr. both methods revealed consistently hig ... | 2016 | 26365666 |
| differential haemoparasite intensity between black sparrowhawk (accipiter melanoleucus) morphs suggests an adaptive function for polymorphism. | recent research suggests that genes coding for melanin based colouration may have pleiotropic properties, in particular conveying raised immune function. thus adaptive function of polymorphism may be associated with parasite resistance. the black sparrowhawk accipiter melanoleucus is a polymorphic raptor with two morphs. over most of its range the light morph is commonest, however within the recently colonised western cape of south africa the dark morph predominates. the species breeds in winter ... | 2013 | 24391707 |
| leucocytozoon toddi in falcons from kuwait: epidemiology, clinical signs and response to melarsomine. | | 2006 | 16800128 |
| leucocytozoon toddi and haemoproteus tinnunculi (protozoa: haemosporina) in the chimango caracara (milvago chimango) in southern chile. | two species of blood protozoans were identified from blood smears collected from 15 specimens of the chimango caracara (milvago chimango) on isla grande de chiloé in southern chile. these included leucocytozoon toddi in 13 birds, including all 5 of the 4-6 week old nestlings examined, and 8 of the subadults or adults. one of the nestlings also had a dual infection of l. toddi and haemoproteus tinnunculi. these are the first reports of blood parasites from m. chimango. | 2001 | 11685273 |
| leucocytozoonosis in nestling bald eagles in michigan and minnesota. | thirteen of 21 nestling bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) examined for blood parasites in michigan and minnesota (usa) during june and july 1997 had patent infections of leucocytozoon toddi. no other parasites were seen. the degree of parasitemia was light and varied from 1 to 2 on the ashford scale. several of the infected nestlings appeared to have elevated levels of heterophils in their peripheral circulating blood. one of the infected nestlings also showed signs of severe anemia. we bel ... | 1999 | 10479102 |