| isolation of h13n2 influenza a virus from turkeys and surface water. | this is the first report of the isolation of h13n2 avian influenza virus (aiv) subtype from domestic turkeys. this subtype was also isolated from nearby surface water. the observation of large numbers of gulls in close association with turkeys on range before the virus isolations suggests that this virus subtype was transmitted from gulls to range turkeys. turkey flocks infected by this virus subtype did not show any clinical signs of the disease, although seroconversion did occur. the h13n2 iso ... | 1991 | 1838479 |
| [circulation of the influenza a virus of h13 serosubtype among seagulls in the northern caspian (1979-1985)]. | the results of seven-year ecologo-virological studies (1979-1985) of laridae colonies on the island zhemchuzhnyi, northern kaspian sea, showed annual isolation of influenza a viruses. altogether, 95 hemagglutinating agent have been isolated. strains with 4 different combinations of surface antigens were identified: h5n2, h13n2, h13n3, h13n6. the possibility of transovarial transmission is confirmed by the fact of isolation of an influenza virus strain a/black-headed herring gull/astrakhan/458/85 ... | 1989 | 2531497 |
| origin of the 1918 spanish influenza virus: a comparative genomic analysis. | to test the avian-origin hypothesis of the 1918 spanish influenza virus we surveyed influenza sequences from a broad taxonomic distribution and collected 65 full-length genomes representing avian, human and "classic" swine h1n1 lineages in addition to numerous other swine (h1n2, h3n1, and h3n2), human (h2n2, h3n2, and h5n1), and avian (h1n1, h4n6, h5n1, h6n1, h6n6, h6n8, h7n3, h8n4, h9n2, and h13n2) subtypes. amino acids from all eight segments were concatenated, aligned, and used for phylogenet ... | 2008 | 18353690 |
| prevalence of avian influenza viruses, borrelia garinii, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in waterfowl and terrestrial birds in slovakia, 2006. | the prevalence of borrelia, mycobacteria and avian influenza virus (aiv) infections, together with the distribution of different aiv subtypes, was studied in migratory waterfowl and terrestrial birds trapped in three localities in slovakia during 2006. samples obtained from waterfowl captured in the senianske ponds area of eastern slovakia showed the highest diversity of aiv isolates. a total of 13 different subtypes were detected in 19 samples from this location (h1n2, h2n2, h3n2, h6n6, h7n6, h ... | 2008 | 18798030 |
| avian influenza in wild birds, central coast of peru. | to determine genotypes of avian influenza virus circulating among wild birds in south america, we collected and tested environmental fecal samples from birds along the coast of peru, june 2006-december 2007. the 9 isolates recovered represented 4 low-pathogenicity avian influenza strains: subtypes h3n8, h4n5, h10n9, and h13n2. | 2009 | 19523296 |
| reassortment of american and eurasian genes in an influenza a virus isolated from a great black-backed gull (larus marinus), a species demonstrated to move between these regions. | the primary hosts for influenza a viruses are waterfowl, although gulls and shorebirds are also important in global avian influenza dynamics. avian influenza virus genes are separated phylogenetically into two geographic clades, american and eurasian, which is caused by the geographic separation of the host species between these two regions. we surveyed a gregarious and cosmopolitan species, the great black-backed gull (larus marinus), in newfoundland, canada, for the presence of avian influenza ... | 2010 | 21053031 |
| long-term effect of serial infections with h13 and h16 low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in black-headed gulls. | infections of domestic and wild birds with low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) have been associated with protective immunity to subsequent infection. however, the degree and duration of immunity in wild birds from previous lpaiv infection, by the same or a different subtype, are poorly understood. therefore, we inoculated h13n2 (a/black-headed gull/netherlands/7/2009) and h16n3 (a/black-headed gull/netherlands/26/2009) lpaivs into black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus), thei ... | 2015 | 26339062 |
| avian influenza in wild birds from chile, 2007-2009. | aquatic and migratory birds, the main reservoir hosts of avian influenza viruses including those with high pathogenic potential, are the wildlife species with the highest risk for viral dissemination across countries and continents. in 2002, the chilean poultry industry was affected with a highly pathogenic avian influenza strain, which created economic loss and triggered the establishment of a surveillance program in wild birds. this effort consisted of periodic samplings of sick or suspicious ... | 2015 | 25602438 |
| the genome of an influenza virus from a pilot whale: relation to influenza viruses of gulls and marine mammals. | influenza virus a/whale/maine/328b/1984 (h13n2) was isolated from a diseased pilot whale. since only a partial sequence was available, its complete genome was sequenced and compared to the sequences of subtype h13 influenza viruses from shorebirds and various influenza viruses of marine mammals. the data reveal a rare genotype constellation with all gene segments derived of an influenza virus adapted to gulls, terns and waders. in contrast, the phylogenetic trees indicate that the majority of in ... | 2014 | 24704761 |
| evolution of a reassortant north american gull influenza virus lineage: drift, shift and stability. | the role of gulls in the ecology of avian influenza (ai) is different than that of waterfowl. different constellations of subtypes circulate within the two groups of birds and ai viruses isolated from north american gulls frequently possess reassortant genomes with genetic elements from both north america and eurasian lineages. a 2008 isolate from a newfoundland great black-backed gull contained a mix of north american waterfowl, north american gull and eurasian lineage genes. | 2013 | 23742717 |
| molecular and epidemiological characterization of avian influenza viruses from gulls and dabbling ducks in norway. | wild aquatic birds constitute the natural reservoir for avian influenza viruses (aivs). separate eurasian and american aiv gene pools exist. here, the prevalence and diversity of aivs in gulls and dabbling ducks in norway were described. the influence of host species and temporal changes on aiv prevalence was examined. five aivs from norway, including three from common gull (larus canus), were analyzed along with 10 available aiv genomes from gulls in eurasia to search for evidence of intraconti ... | 2013 | 23575317 |
| isolation of a reassortant h13n2 virus from a mallard fecal sample in south korea. | virus subtype h13n2, a/mallard/kr/sh38-45/2010 (h13n2), was first isolated from a mallard fecal sample in south korea. | 2012 | 22824586 |