| concordant evolution of trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase and an rdna species phylogeny of trichothecene-producing and non-producing fusaria and other ascomycetous fungi. | the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum species complex (e.g. fusarium asiaticum, previously referred to as f. graminearum lineage 6) produces the mycotoxin trichothecene in infected grains. the fungus has a gene for self-defence, tri101, which is responsible for 3-o-acetylation of the trichothecene skeleton in the biosynthetic pathway. recently, trichothecene non-producers fusarium oxysporum and fusarium fujikuroi (teleomorph gibberella fujikuroi) were shown to have both functional (tri201) an ... | 2005 | 15699200 |
| screening of putative oxygenase genes in the fusarium graminearum genome sequence database for their role in trichothecene biosynthesis. | in the biosynthesis of type b trichothecenes, four oxygenation steps remain to have genes functionally assigned to them. on the basis of the complete genome sequence of fusarium graminearum, expression patterns of all oxygenase genes were investigated in fusarium asiaticum (f. graminearum lineage 6). as a result, we identified five cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (cyp) genes that are specifically expressed under trichothecene-producing conditions and are unique to the toxin-producing strains. the ... | 2005 | 16125338 |
| engineering fusarium head blight resistance in wheat by expression of a fusion protein containing a fusarium-specific antibody and an antifungal peptide. | fusarium head blight (fhb) or scab of wheat is a devastating disease in warm and humid regions at wheat-flowering periods worldwide. natural resistance against fhb pathogens is inadequate and the development of fhb-resistant wheat cultivars has been a challenge. expression of pathogen-specific antibodies in plants has been proposed as a strategy for crop protection. in this study, an antibody fusion protein comprising a fusarium-specific recombinant antibody derived from chicken and an antifunga ... | 2008 | 18700828 |
| characterization of sterol demethylation inhibitor-resistant isolates of fusarium asiaticum and f. graminearum collected from wheat in china. | fusarium asiaticum and f. graminearum are the primary causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat in china. in this study, sensitivities of 159 f. asiaticum and f. graminearum isolates to a benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim (mbc) and to sterol demethylation inhibitors (dmis) tebuconazole and prochloraz were determined. among the 159 isolates, 9 were resistant to mbc and designated as mbc-r isolates. three showed resistance to tebuconazole and prochloraz and designated as dmi-r isolate ... | 2009 | 19351244 |
| simultaneous detection of fusarium asiaticum and fusarium graminearum in wheat seeds using a real-time pcr method. | to develop a pcr-based method for quantitative detection of fusarium asiaticum (fa) and fusarium graminearum (fg) in wheat seeds. | 2009 | 19413810 |
| disruption of the chitin synthase gene chs1 from fusarium asiaticum results in an altered structure of cell walls and reduced virulence. | natural resistance of wheat against fusarium head blight (fhb) is inadequate and new strategies for controlling the disease are required. chitin synthases that catalyze chitin biosynthesis would be an ideal target for antifungal agents. in this study, a class i chitin synthase gene (chs1) from fusarium asiaticum, the predominant species of fhb pathogens on wheat in china, was functionally disrupted via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. specific disruption of the chs1 gene result ... | 2010 | 19941967 |
| resistance to fusarium head blight and seedling blight in wheat is associated with activation of a cytochrome p450 gene. | abstract one plant genotype displays a resistance phenotype at one development stage but a susceptible reaction to the same pathogen at another stage, which is referred to here as resistance inversion. in wheat, fusarium head blight (fhb)-resistant cv. sumai3 showed a fusarium seedling blight (fsb)-susceptible reaction whereas fhb-susceptible cv. annong8455 exhibited fsb resistance when challenged with a fusarium asiaticum strain that produces deoxynivalenol (don). the resistance to fhb and fsb ... | 2010 | 20055652 |
| population genetic analyses of fusarium asiaticum populations from barley suggest a recent shift favoring 3adon producers in southern china. | fusarium asiaticum is the predominant causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) in southern china. the genetic diversity was assessed by analyzing 448 single-spore f. asiaticum isolates from 18 sampling sites that were 10 to 2,000 km apart, using seven highly informative variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) markers. this analysis showed a significant degree of population subdivision (p < 0.001) among populations from upper, middle, and lower valleys of the yangtze river, with little gene flo ... | 2010 | 20205536 |
| genetic diversity and trichothecene chemotypes of the fusarium graminearum clade isolated from maize in nepal and identification of a putative new lineage. | on smallholder farms in the foothills of the himalayan mountains in nepal, fungi of the fusarium graminearum clade cause gibberella ear rot of maize and contamination with the 8-ketotrichothecenes nivalenol and deoxynivalenol. previous dna marker analyses of the f. graminearum clade from maize in nepal found a high level of genetic diversity but were limited in detail or scope. the present study incorporated a collection of 251 field strains from a wide geographic distribution in nepal and utili ... | 2010 | 21215953 |
| novel fusarium head blight pathogens from nepal and louisiana revealed by multilocus genealogical concordance. | this study was conducted to assess evolutionary relationships, species diversity and trichothecene toxin potential of five fusarium graminearum complex (fgsc) isolates identified as genetically novel during prior fusarium head blight (fhb) surveys in nepal and louisiana. results of a multilocus genotyping (mlgt) assay for b-trichothecene species determination indicated these isolates might represent novel species within the fgsc. gcpsr-based phylogenetic analyses of a 12-gene dataset, comprising ... | 2011 | 22004876 |
| purification and partial characterisation of pectin methylesterase produced by fusarium asiaticum. | fusarium asiaticum is the predominant causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) in china. when grown in liquid cultures containing potato tuber extract as the sole carbon source, f. asiaticum (strain 7071) from wheat (china) produced pectin methylesterase (pme), polygalacturonase (pg), and pectin lyase (pnl). the activity of these pectolytic enzymes was detected by a gel diffusion assay. three forms of pme were identified in a culture filtrate of f. asiaticum. two forms of pme with molecular we ... | 2011 | 22036290 |
| The genetic profile and molecular diagnosis of thiophanate-methyl resistant strains of Fusarium asiaticum in Japan. | Fusarium asiaticum strains resistant to thiophanate-methyl were detected in four prefectures in Japan though their proportion in the total population was low in all instances. The F167Y or F200Y mutation in the ß2-tubulin gene (FGSG06611.3) was detected in thiophanate-methyl resistant (TMR) strains. A PCR-based diagnostic method based on these mutations was developed and applied for all 17 TMR strains that have been detected so far in Japan. Three and 14 TMR strains were the F167Y and F200Y muta ... | 2011 | 22115443 |
| fungal diversity of rice straw for meju fermentation. | rice straw is closely associated with meju fermentation and it is generally known that the rice straw provides meju with many kinds of microorganisms. in order to elucidate the origin of meju fungi, the fungal diversity of rice straw was examined. rice straw was collected from 12 jang factories where meju are produced, and were incubated under nine different conditions by altering the media (mea, drbc, and dg18), and temperature (15°c, 25°c, and 35°c). in total, 937 strains were isolated and ide ... | 2013 | 24043125 |
| the tubulin cofactor a is involved in hyphal growth, conidiation and cold sensitivity in fusarium asiaticum. | tubulin cofactor a (tbca), one of the members of tubulin cofactors, is of great importance in microtubule functions through participating in the folding of α/β-tubulin heterodimers in saccharomyces cerevisiae. however, little is known about the roles of tbca in filamentous fungi. | 2015 | 25886735 |
| effect of environmental factors on fusarium population and associated trichothecenes in wheat grain grown in jiangsu province, china. | the present study was performed to identify prevailing fusarium species and the environmental factors affecting their frequencies and the contamination of grain with major mycotoxins in jiangsu province. the precipitation levels were 184.2mm, 156.4mm, and 245.8mm in the years 2013-2015, respectively, and the temperature fluctuated by an average of 10.6±7.2°c in 2013, 10.9±7.2°c in 2014, and 10.6±6.3°c in 2015. co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol (don), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3adon), and 15-acetylde ... | 2016 | 27127840 |
| myosins famyo2b and famyo2 affect asexual and sexual development, reduces pathogenicity, and famyo2b acts jointly with the myosin passenger protein fasmy1 to affect resistance to phenamacril in fusarium asiaticum. | we previously reported that mutations occurred in the gene myosin5 were responsible for resistance to the fungicide phenamacril in fusarium graminearum. here, we determined whether there is a functional link between phenamacril resistance and the myosin proteins famyo2b and famyo2 in fusarium asiaticum, which is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in china. we found that famyo2b acts jointly with fasmy1 to affect resistance to phenamacril in f. asiaticum. we also found that famyo2b di ... | 2016 | 27099966 |
| comparison of trichothecene biosynthetic gene expression between fusarium graminearum and fusarium asiaticum. | nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) are predominant fusarium-producing mycotoxins found in grains, which are mainly produced by fusarium asiaticum and f. graminearum. niv is found in most of cereals grown in korea, but the genetic basis for niv production by f. asiaticum has not been extensively explored. in this study, 12 genes belonging to the trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster were compared at the transcriptional level between two niv-producing f. asiaticum and four don-producing f. ... | 2014 | 25288983 |
| simultaneous real-time pcr detection of fusarium asiaticum, f. ussurianum and f. vorosii, representing the asian clade of the f. graminearum species complex. | due to the repeated discovery of new members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc), some of the f. graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.)-specific qpcr assays developed to date have since been shown to be non-specific. in this study, a probe-based qpcr method was developed, targeting a sterol 14-alpha demethylase (cyp51) paralogue, cyp51c unique to the genus fusarium, for the simultaneous detection of f. asiaticum, f. ussurianum and f. vorosii. specificity of the assay was demonstrated fo ... | 2013 | 23867363 |
| regional differences in species composition and toxigenic potential among fusarium head blight isolates from uruguay indicate a risk of nivalenol contamination in new wheat production areas. | members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) are the primary cause of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat, and frequently contaminate grain with trichothecene mycotoxins that pose a serious threat to food safety and animal health. the species identity and trichothecene toxin potential of 151 fgsc isolates collected from wheat in uruguay were determined via multilocus genotyping. although f. graminearum with the 15adon trichothecene type accounted for 86% of the isolates examined, f ... | 2013 | 23856007 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 december 2012-31 january 2013. | this article documents the addition of 268 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: alburnoides bipunctatus, chamaerops humilis, chlidonias hybrida, cyperus papyrus, fusarium graminearum, loxigilla barbadensis, macrobrachium rosenbergii, odontesthes bonariensis, pelteobagrus vachelli, posidonia oceanica, potamotrygon motoro, rhamdia quelen, sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, sibiraea angustata, takifugu rubripes, ta ... | 2013 | 23521844 |
| functional analyses of individual mating-type transcripts at mat loci in fusarium graminearum and fusarium asiaticum. | members of the fusarium graminearum species (fg) complex, which are homothallic ascomycetous species, carry two opposite mating-type (mat) loci in a single nucleus for controlling sexual development. we investigated the roles of three (mat1-1-1, mat1-1-2, and mat1-1-3) and two (mat1-2-1 and mat1-2-3) transcripts located at both loci in representative fg complex species (f. graminearum and fusarium asiaticum). in self-fertile f. graminearum strains, the transcript levels of mat1-1-1, mat1-2-1, an ... | 2012 | 22998651 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of zhumeria majdae, heracleum persicum and eucalyptus sp. against some important phytopathogenic fungi. | application of essential oils of medicinal plants is considered a safe and acceptable method for plant disease management to protect plants from pathogenic microorganisms. thus, in recent study, essential oils (eos) from zhumeria majdae, heracleum persicum (two iranian endemic plants) and eucalyptus sp. were assayed for their antifungal potential against ten phytopathogenic fungi, including fusarium graminearum, fusarium asiaticum, fusarium redolens f.sp. dianthus, fusarium verticillioides, fusa ... | 2017 | 28757068 |
| geographic distribution of phylogenetic species of the fusarium graminearum species complex and their 8-ketotrichothecene chemotypes on wheat spikes in iran. | isolates of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc, n = 446) were collected from wheat spikes from northern and western regions of iran with a history of fusarium head blight (fhb) occurrences. the trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes/chemotypes, the associated phylogenetic species, and geographical distribution of these isolates were analyzed. two phylogenetic species, fusarium asiaticum and f. graminearum, were identified and were found to belong to sequence characterized amplified region ... | 2017 | 28612272 |
| identification and trichothecene genotypes of fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat in taiwan. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat caused by fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) is a devastating disease worldwide. the pathogens not only reduce the yield of wheat, but also impact the quality of wheat by contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins. a systematic investigation on the pathogens of fhb in taiwan is lacking. here, molecular and morphological approaches were used to identify species of the taiwanese fgsc isolates and determine their trichothecene genotypes. | 2017 | 28510187 |
| increased metabolite production by deletion of an hda1-type histone deacetylase in the phytopathogenic fungi, magnaporthe oryzae (pyricularia oryzae) and fusarium asiaticum. | histone deacetylases (hdacs) play an important role in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. we found that dark pigmentation of magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph pyricularia oryzae) δmohda1, a mutant strain in which an ortholog of the yeast hda1 was disrupted by double cross-over homologous recombination, was significantly stimulated in liquid culture. analysis of metabolites in a δmohda1 mutant culture revealed that the accumulation of shunt products of the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthal ... | 2017 | 28862744 |
| evolutionary changes in defensive specialized metabolism in the genus hordeum. | plants have developed defensive specialized metabolites over the course of evolution. in the genus hordeum, which includes the important cereal crop barley, specialized metabolites such as hordatines, benzoxazinones, and gramine have been identified. hordeum species are classified into four clades, h, xu, xa, and i. the presence or absence of defensive specialized metabolites was analyzed in representative hordeum species that included all of the four clades. in the h clade, hordeum vulgare accu ... | 2017 | 28535420 |
| the septins facdc3 and facdc12 are required for cytokinesis and affect asexual and sexual development, lipid metabolism and virulence in fusarium asiaticum. | septins are a highly conserved family of gtp-binding proteins that contribute to many cellular and metabolic functions, including cell polarity, cytokinesis, cell morphogenesis and pathogenesis. in this study, we characterized the septins facdc3 and facdc12 in the filamentous fungus fusarium asiaticum. the functions of facdc3 and facdc12 were evaluated by constructing deletion mutants of facdc3 and facdc12, designated δfacdc3-5 and δfacdc12-71, respectively. the deletion mutants exhibited a redu ... | 2016 | 27666337 |
| development of a rapid and high-throughput molecular method for detecting the f200y mutant genotype in benzimidazole-resistant isolates of fusarium asiaticum. | the point mutation at codon 200 (ttc→tac, f200y) of the β2 -tubulin gene confers resistance to benzimidazole fungicide in fusarium asiaticum. these isolates with this mutation have been detected mainly by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of fungicides, which is always time consuming, tedious and inefficient. | 2016 | 26823005 |
| identification of a novel phenamacril-resistance-related gene by the cdna-rapd method in fusarium asiaticum. | fusarium asiaticum, a dominant pathogen of fusarium head blight (fhb) in east asia, causes huge economic losses. phenamacril, a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide, has been increasingly applied to control fhb in china, especially where resistance of f. asiaticum against carbendazim is severe. it is important to clarify the resistance-related mechanisms of f. asiaticum to phenamacril so as to avoid control failures, and to sustain the usefulness of the new product. | 2016 | 26566698 |
| α1-tubulin fatua1 plays crucial roles in vegetative growth and conidiation in fusarium asiaticum. | the filamentous ascomycete fusarium asiaticum contains two homologous genes fatua1 and fatua2 encoding α-tubulins. in this study, we found that fatua2 was dispensable for vegetative growth and sporulation in f. asiaticum. the deletion of fatua1 however led to dramatically reduced mycelial growth, twisted hyphae and abnormal nuclei in apical cells of hyphae. the fatua1 deletion mutant (δfatua1-5) also showed a significant decrease in conidiation, and produced abnormal conidia. pathogenicity assay ... | 2015 | 25660319 |
| effects of carbon sources and amines on induction of trichothecene production by fusarium asiaticum in liquid culture. | fusarium asiaticum infects cereal crops and produces trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. to determine the trichothecene induction mechanism, effects of carbon sources on the production of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3adon), and 4-acetyl nivalenol (4aniv) were examined in liquid cultures incubated with various strains. sucrose supported significantly higher levels of acetylated trichothecene production in all strains than did the other carbon sources. stru ... | 2014 | 24444312 |
| regulation of metabolic products and gene expression in fusarium asiaticum by agmatine addition. | the metabolic products resulting from the cultivation of f. asiaticum in agmatine were identified using capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry. glyoxylic acid was detected from fungal cultures grown in agmatine, while it was absent in control cells. the abundance of other metabolic products of the glycolytic pathway also increased because of agmatine; however, there was no increase in the amounts of pyruvic acid or metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. moreover, gene ... | 2013 | 23371887 |