| the development and structure of thick-walled, multicellular, aerial spores in diheterospora chlamydosporia (=verticillium chlamydosporium). | the aerial, thick-walled spores in diheterospara chlamydosporia arose as terminal swellings on erect hyphae. repeated septation of the continuously swelling spore resulted in a multicellular structure. immediately after the onset of septation secondary wall material was laid down between the two-layered primary wall and the plasmalemma. the presence of secondary wall material indicates that the multicellular spore is a dictyochlamydospore and not an aleuriospore. the relationship between chl ... | 1975 | 1170933 |
| colonization of ascaris lumbricoides eggs by the fungus verticillium chlamydosporium goddard. | the process of colonization of ascaris lumbricoides eggs by the fungus verticillium chlamydosporium was studied by scanning electron microscopy. the preparations were made by fractionation of egg suspension exposed to the fungus for four days and frozen in liquid nitrogen according to stĕrba and milácek (1986). ovicidal fungus forms an abundant ramifying mycelial network in the area between the eggs. however, egg-shells are penetrated only by some hyphae without any penetration organs produced ( ... | 1991 | 1808033 |
| mutants of ovicidal fungus verticillium chlamydosporium with changed chitinolytic activity. | | 1987 | 2962466 |
| penetration of ovicidal fungus verticillium chlamydosporium through the ascaris lumbricoides egg-shells. | the course of penetration of the ovicidal fungus verticillium chlamydosporium goddard through the ascaris lumbricoides egg-shells was studied in electron miorographs. the contact area between the egg and the fungus is smooth at the stage of the contact of the ovicidal fungus with the egg surface, as well as at the stage of adhesion. no special attaching organs are formed which indicates that no mechanical penetration of the fungal hypha through the egg-shells is involved. traces of enzymatical a ... | 1987 | 3583130 |
| the relation between proteolytic activity and ovicidal activity of mutants of verticillium chlamydosporium. | | 1984 | 6242627 |
| the subtilisins of the invertebrate mycopathogens verticillium chlamydosporium and metarhizium anisopliae are serologically and functionally related. | the major extracellular proteases from the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium and the entomophagous fungus metarhizium anisopliae, vcp1 and pr1, respectively, are closely related both functionally and serologically. antibodies raised against either enzyme cross-reacted with both antigens, suggesting that they have common epitopes. the vcp1 and pr1 antisera labelled bovine pancreatic elastase and proteinase k, respectively. neither antiserum reacted with commercial chymotrypsin. an ... | 1995 | 7729666 |
| pcr primers that allow intergeneric differentiation of ascomycetes and their application to verticillium spp. | a pair of conserved pcr primers, designated nms1 and nms2, that amplify a region in the mitochondrial small rrna gene region were designed for fungi belonging to the class ascomycetes. these primers were tested with members of eight fungal genera (aspergillus, fusarium, magnaporthe, mycospharella, neurospora, saccharomyces, sclerotinia, verticillium) and 10 verticillium species (verticillium albo-atrum, verticillium chlamydosporium, verticillium cinnebarium, verticillium dahliae, verticillium fu ... | 1994 | 7811072 |
| the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium produces a chymoelastase-like protease which hydrolyses host nematode proteins in situ. | the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium secreted several proteases in submerged culture in which soya peptone was the sole carbon and nitrogen source. one protease, vcp1 (m(r) 33,000, pi 10.2), was purified 14-fold from culture filtrates to apparent homogeneity using preparative isoelectric focusing in free solution, and shown to rapidly hydrolyse the chymotrypsin substrate suc-(ala)2-pro-phe-pna and elastin. vcp1 had a km for suc-(ala)2-pro-phe-pna of 4.3 x 10(-5) m and a kcat of ... | 1994 | 8000541 |
| identification of peptide synthetase-encoding genes from filamentous fungi producing host-selective phytotoxins or analogs. | race 1 of cochliobolus carbonum (cc) makes a cyclic tetrapeptide, hc-toxin, that is necessary for its virulence on certain genotypes of maize. the synthesis of hc-toxin is catalyzed by a 570-kda multifunctional enzyme, hc-toxin synthetase (hts). the gene encoding hts (hts1) is absent from other races of cc and from other species of cochliobolus. four other unrelated filamentous fungi make cyclic peptides closely related to hc-toxin, raising the possibility that the corresponding cyclic peptide s ... | 1995 | 8522177 |
| diheteropeptin, a new substance with tgf-beta-like activity, produced by a fungus, diheterospora chlamydosporia. i. production, isolation and biological activities. | a new metabolite, diheteropeptin, was found in the culture broth of diheterospora chlamydosporia q58044 by screening for tgf-beta-like active substances. diheteropeptin was extracted from the culture supernatant and purified by a series of chromatographies such as silica gel, gel filtration and hplc. diheteropeptin exhibited cytostatic activity in mv1lu cells with an ic50 value of 20.3 microm and inhibited histone deacetylase. | 2000 | 11079800 |
| diheteropeptin, a novel substance with tgf-beta-like activity, produced by a fungus, diheterospora chlamydosporia. ii. physico-chemical properties and structure elucidation. | the structure of diheteropeptin (1), a tgf-beta-like active substance from diheterospora chlamydosporia q58044, was determined to be a new cyclotetrapeptide, cyclo[2aminoisobutyryl-(s)-phenylalanyl-(r)-prolyl-(2s,8r,9r)-2-am ino-8,9-dihydroxydecanoyl-] by nmr, mass spectrometric and chemical studies. | 2000 | 11079801 |
| use of light and scanning electron microscopy to examine colonisation of barley rhizosphere by the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium. | barley roots were readily colonised by the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium. light microscopy (lm) but also low temperature scanning electron microscopy (ltsem) revealed details of the colonisation process. hyphae were found on the rhizoplane often with dictyochlamydospores. hyphae of v. chlamydosporium penetrated epidermal cells, often by means of appressoria. a hyphal network was formed in epidermal and cortical cells. likewise, hyphal coils were found within root cells next t ... | 2002 | 11473815 |
| purification and characterization of chitinases from the nematophagous fungi verticillium chlamydosporium and v. suchlasporium. | culture filtrates of the nematophagous fungi verticillium chlamydosporium and v. suchlasporium growing on colloidal chitin showed increasing chitinolytic activity and production of two (32- and 43-kda) main proteins. maximum activity was found 18-20 days after inoculation, but v. suchlasporium always displayed higher activity. zymography of such filtrates on carboxymethyl-chitin-remazol brilliant violet 5r/acrylamide gels showed five bands of substrate degradation for v. suchlasporium and three ... | 2002 | 11860266 |
| quantification in soil and the rhizosphere of the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium by competitive pcr and comparison with selective plating. | a competitive pcr (cpcr) assay was developed to quantify the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium in soil. a gamma-irradiated soil was seeded with different numbers of chlamydospores from v. chlamydosporium isolate 10, and samples were obtained at time intervals of up to 8 weeks. samples were analyzed by cpcr and by plating onto a semiselective medium. the results suggested that saprophytic v. chlamydosporium growth did occur in soil and that the two methods detected different phase ... | 2002 | 11916704 |
| evaluation of isolates of verticillium chlamydosporium as biocontrol agents of meloidogyne spp. | | 2001 | 12425085 |
| characterization of inhibitor-resistant histone deacetylase activity in plant-pathogenic fungi. | hc-toxin, a cyclic peptide made by the filamentous fungus cochliobolus carbonum, is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (hdac) from many organisms. it was shown earlier that the hdac activity in crude extracts of c. carbonum is relatively insensitive to hc-toxin as well as to the chemically unrelated hdac inhibitors trichostatin and d85, whereas the hdac activity of aspergillus nidulans is sensitive (g. brosch et al., biochemistry 40:12855-12863, 2001). here we report that hc-toxin-resistant hda ... | 2002 | 12456002 |
| development of a new management strategy for the control of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp) in organic vegetable production. | the nematophagous fungus, pochonia chlamydosporia (goddard) zare & gams, has been investigated as a potential biological control agent for use in integrated pest management strategies for meloidogyne incognita (kof & white) chitwood in vegetable crops. the release of the fungus as a biological control agent requires a diagnostic method to monitor its spread in the environment and to gain knowledge of its ecology. only molecular methods are sufficiently discriminating to enable the detection of s ... | 2003 | 12587872 |
| cloning of and genetic variation in protease vcp1 from the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia. | the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia is a biocontrol agent with commercial potential for root knot and cyst nematodes. it produces an alkaline serine protease, vcp1, during infection of nematode eggs. the gene encoding vcp1 was sequenced and the sequences of cdnas from six isolates from different nematode hosts were compared. the gene encoding vcp1 was similar to pr1 from metarhizium anisopliae with similar regulatory elements. comparison of translated cdna sequences revealed two amino acid polymo ... | 2003 | 12735242 |
| interactions between nematophagous fungi and consequences for their potential as biological agents for the control of potato cyst nematodes. | the efficacies of three nematophagous fungi, paecilomyces lilacinus, plectosphaerella cucumerina and pochonia chlamydosporia, for controlling potato cyst nematodes (pcn) as part of an integrated pest management (ipm) regime were studied. the compatibility of the nematophagous fungi with commonly used chemical pesticides and their ability to compete with the soil fungi rhizoctonia solani, chaetomium globosum, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium bilaii and trichoderma harzianum were tested in vitro. p ... | 2003 | 12735243 |
| pcr-based dna fingerprinting indicates host-related genetic variation in the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia. | the mitosporic fungus pochonia chlamydosporia is a potential biocontrol agent for cyst (heterodera spp. and globodera spp.) and root knot (meloidogyne spp.) nematodes, which are important agricultural plant pests. 54 isolates from diverse geographical regions and several nematode hosts were used in this study. genetic variation was examined using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) primed pcr and sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (its) rrna region. eric pcr yielde ... | 2003 | 12747331 |
| approaches for monitoring the release of pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata, a biocontrol agent of root-knot nematodes. | pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata is a potential biocontrol agent against root-knot nematodes. diagnosis of isolates has relied on morphological identification, and is both time-consuming and difficult. beta-tubulin primers have been developed for the identification of this fungus that were specific enough to distinguish between varieties of the fungus within the same species. separate primers have been developed for the specific detection of p. chlamydosporia var. catenulata based on its ... | 2003 | 12747332 |
| pochonins a-f, new antiviral and antiparasitic resorcylic acid lactones from pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata. | monorden (1) and the novel resorcylic acid lactones pochonins a (2), b (4), c (6), d (7), and e (8) as well as tetrahydromonorden (5) and pseurotin a (22) were isolated from cultures of the clavicipitaceous hyphomycete pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata strain p 0297. fermentation of p 0297 in bromide-containing culture media led to a shift in secondary metabolite production and yielded monocillins iii (3) and ii (9) as major metabolites besides monorden (1) as well as the novel compounds p ... | 2003 | 12828470 |
| fungal egg-parasites of plant-parasitic nematodes from spanish soils. | we have investigated the presence of fungal egg-parasites in spanish soils with plant endoparasitic nematodes. nine out of 68 samples (13%) yielded fungal parasites. the most common (seven strains) was pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (= verticillium chlamydosporium var. chlamydosporium), but lecanicillium lecanii (= verticillium lecanii) and paecilomyces lilacinus were also found. most strains were from cyst nematodes (heterodera avenae or heterodera schachtii). biological factors re ... | 2002 | 12828513 |
| investigation of alternatives to methyl bromide for management of meloidogyne javanica on greenhouse grown tomato. | the root galling index and the densities of eggs in roots and juveniles in soil of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica (treub) chitwood on tomato, and the effect of these on crop yield were assessed in greenhouse experiments applying various treatments at two different sites in crete, greece. tomato crops were grown for four cycles by rotating nematode-resistant (first and third spring crops) with susceptible (second and fourth autumn crops) cultivars and receiving the following treatmen ... | 2003 | 14667053 |
| the biocontrol fungus pochonia chlamydosporia shows nematode host preference at the infraspecific level. | a rapd-pcr assay was developed and used to test for competitive variability in growth of the nematode biological control fungus pochonia chlamydosporia. saprophytic competence in soil with or without tomato plants was examined in three isolates of the fungus: res 280 (j), originally isolated from potato cyst nematode (pcn) cysts; res 200 (i) and res 279 (s), both originally isolated from root knot nematode (rkn) eggs. viable counts taken at 70 d indicated that i was the best saprophyte followed ... | 2004 | 15119353 |
| development of a transformation system for the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia. | the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia is a potential biocontrol agent against root knot and cyst nematodes. genetic transformation of the fungus to introduce visual marker genes, novel traits, or changes in expression levels of endogenous genes, would greatly enhance understanding of its behaviour on nematode-infested roots and of its interactions with other soil and rhizosphere microorganisms. a transformation system for the introduction of novel genes into p. chlamydosporia has been ... | 2004 | 15323248 |
| safety of pochonia chlamydosporia var catenulata in acute oral and dermal toxicity/pathogenicity evaluations in rats and rabbits. | the nematophagous fungus, pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata (kamyschlco ex barron & onions) zare & w-gams, was investigated as a potential biocontrol agent in integrated pest management strategy for meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood in vegetable crops in cuba. an acute oral and dermal toxicity/patogenicity study was performed to determine the safety of this fungus in non-target organisms. in the first study, a 1-dose level of 5 x 10(8) units of the microbial pest control ag ... | 2004 | 15487645 |
| effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and initial ph on the growth of nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia in liquid culture. | the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (c:n) and initial ph value on the growth and sporulation of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia in liquid culture were examined. among the 21 carbon sources and 15 nitrogen compounds tested, the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelial growth were sweet potato and l: -tyrosine, and for sporulation were sweet potato and casein peptone. a c:n ratio of 10:1 at ph 3.7 gave the maximum yield of conidia and a c:n ... | 2005 | 15883723 |
| design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of hsp90 inhibitors based on conformational analysis of radicicol and its analogues. | the molecular chaperone hsp90 is an attractive target for chemotherapy because its activity is required for the functional maturation of a number of oncogenes. among the known inhibitors, radicicol, a 14-member macrolide, stands out as the most potent. a molecular dynamics/minimization of radicicol showed that there were three low energy conformers of the macrocycle. the lowest of these is the bioactive conformation observed in the cocrystal structure of radicicol with hsp90. corresponding confo ... | 2005 | 15884943 |
| impact of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia on nematode and microbial populations. | the microbial and nematode populations associated with two plants (tomato and cabbage) inoculated with the nematophagous fungus, pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia or root knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), or both, were compared with those in unplanted controls. the dominant factor affecting culturable microbial populations was found to be the presence or absence of tomato plants. generally microbial colony counts were lowest in unplanted soil, small increases were associated with ... | 2005 | 16363363 |
| carbon requirements of some nematophagous, entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic hyphomycetes as fungal biocontrol agents. | thirty-three carbon sources were evaluated for their effects on spore germination, hyphal growth and sporulation of 11 fungal biocontrol agents, i.e. the nematophagous fungi paecilomyces lilacinus, pochonia chlamydosporia, hirsutella rhossiliensis, h. minnesotensis and arkansas fungus 18, the entomopathogenic fungi lecanicillium lecanii, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae, and the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma viride. variations in carbon requirements were found among the fungal sp ... | 2006 | 16649079 |
| detection of two fungal biocontrol agents against root-knot nematodes by rapd markers. | the strain zk7 of pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and ipc of paecilomyces lilacinus are highly effective in the biological control against root-knot nematodes infecting tobacco. when applied, they require a specific monitoring method to evaluate the colonization and dispersal in soil. in this work, the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was used to differentiate between the two individual strains and 95 other isolates, including isolates of the same species and commo ... | 2006 | 16649080 |
| fungi and actinomycetes associated with meloidogyne spp. eggs and females in china and their biocontrol potential. | a survey was conducted to determine the microflora on eggs and females of meloidogyne spp. collected from plant roots and infested soil in china. a total of 455 fungal isolates belonging to 24 genera and 52 isolates of actinomycetes were obtained from 28 samples from greenhouses and fields in hainan, yunnan, fujian, hebei, shandong, and beijing. the predominant fungal species were paecilomyces lilacinus (49.3% of the isolates), fusarium spp. (7.9%), pochonia chlamydosporia (6.9%), penicillium sp ... | 2006 | 16737708 |
| [in vitro observation of the action of isolates of the fungi duddingtonia flagrans, monacrosporium thaumasium and verticillium chlamydosporium on the eggs of ascaris lumbricoides (linnaeus, 1758)]. | the in vitro action of the nematophagous fungi duddingtonia flagrans, monacrosporium thaumasium and verticillium chlamydosporium on eggs of ascaris lumbricoides was observed. after 7, 10 and 14 days of interaction, the fungus showing most promise for use in biologically control over ascaris lumbricoides was verticillium chlamydosporium (26-30%). the other fungi did not present satisfactory results. | 2007 | 17653479 |
| effect of chitosan on hyphal growth and spore germination of plant pathogenic and biocontrol fungi. | to investigate the toxic effect of chitosan on important root pathogenic and biocontrol fungi (nematophagous, entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic). | 2008 | 17927761 |
| in vitro evaluation of the effect of the nematophagous fungi duddingtonia flagrans, monacrosporium sinense, and pochonia chlamydosporia on ascaris suum eggs. | the in vitro effect of four isolates of the nematophagous fungi duddingtonia flagrans (ac 001), monacrosporium sinense (sf 53), and pochonia chlamydosporia (vc 1 and vc 4) on eggs of ascaris suum was evaluated. one hundred thousand a. suum eggs were plated on 2% water-agar with the grown isolates and control without fungus. after 7, 14, and 21 days, 100 eggs were removed and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, lytic effect without morphological damage to eggshell; type 2, l ... | 2008 | 18185942 |
| prise (primer selector): software for designing sequence-selective pcr primers. | this report presents primer selector (prise), a new software package that implements several features that improve and streamline the design of sequence-selective pcr primers. the prise design process involves two main steps. in the first step, target and non-target dna sequences are identified. in the second step, primers are designed to amplify target (but not non-target) sequences. one important feature of prise is that it automates the task of placing primer-template mismatches at the 3' end ... | 2008 | 18221808 |
| screening for indian isolates of egg-parasitic fungi for use in biological control of fascioliasis and amphistomiasis in ruminant livestock. | wild isolates of the egg-parasitic fungi paecilomyces lilacinus and verticillium chlamydosporium, obtained from the organic environment of durg, chhattisgarh, india, were subjected to screening for in vitro growth using different media types, range of incubation temperature and ph, and their predatory activity to the eggs of fasciola gigantica and gigantocotyle explanatum. maximum growth of p. lilacinus was obtained in corn-meal agar compared to any other media types. the preferred medium for gr ... | 2008 | 18462555 |
| genes for the biosynthesis of the fungal polyketides hypothemycin from hypomyces subiculosus and radicicol from pochonia chlamydosporia. | gene clusters for biosynthesis of the fungal polyketides hypothemycin and radicicol from hypomyces subiculosus and pochonia chlamydosporia, respectively, were sequenced. both clusters encode a reducing polyketide synthase (pks) and a nonreducing pks like those in the zearalenone cluster of gibberella zeae, plus enzymes with putative post-pks functions. introduction of an o-methyltransferase (omt) knockout construct into h. subiculosus resulted in a strain with increased production of 4-o-desmeth ... | 2008 | 18567690 |
| isolation, selection, and efficacy of pochonia chlamydosporia for control of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton. | abstract the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, is a serious threat to cotton (gossypium hirsutum) production in the united states, causing an annual loss of about $80 million. the objective of this study was to isolate fungi from eggs of r. reniformis and select potential biocontrol agents for r. reniformis on cotton. we focused on the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia because it suppresses root-knot and cyst nematodes and because preliminary data indicated that it was present in arkansa ... | 2005 | 18944410 |
| rapid and reliable dna extraction and pcr fingerprinting methods to discriminate multiple biotypes of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia isolated from plant rhizospheres. | to develop a simple, rapid, reliable protocol producing consistent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprints of pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia biotypes for analysing different fungal isolates during co-infection of plants and nematodes. | 2009 | 19018961 |
| interaction and ovicidal activity of nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia on taenia saginata eggs. | the ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungi pochonia chlamydosporia (isolates vc1 and vc4), duddingtonia flagrans (isolate ac001) and monacrosporium thaumasium (isolate nf34) on taenia saginata eggs was evaluated under laboratory conditions. t. saginata eggs were plated on 2% water-agar with fungal isolates and controls without fungus and examined after 5, 10 and 15 days. at the end of the experiment p. chlamydosporia showed ovicidal activity against t. saginata eggs (p<0.05), mainly for in ... | 2009 | 19141298 |
| real-time pcr quantification and live-cell imaging of endophytic colonization of barley (hordeum vulgare) roots by fusarium equiseti and pochonia chlamydosporia. | *new tools were developed for the study of the endophytic development of the fungal species fusarium equiseti and pochonia chlamydosporia in barley (hordeum vulgare) roots. these were applied to monitor the host colonization patterns of these potential candidates for biocontrol of root pathogens. * molecular beacons specific for either f. equiseti or p. chlamydosporia were designed and used in real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) quantification of fungal populations in roots. genetic transf ... | 2009 | 19170898 |
| detection and investigation of soil biological activity against meloidogyne incognita. | greenhouse experiments with two susceptible hosts of meloidogyne incognita, a dwarf tomato and wheat, led to the identification of a soil in which the root-knot nematode population was reduced 5- to 16-fold compared to identical but pasteurized soil two months after infestation with 280 m. incognita j2/100 cm(3) soil. this suppressive soil was subjected to various temperature, fumigation and dilution treatments, planted with tomato, and infested with 1,000 eggs of m. incognita/100 cm(3) soil. ei ... | 2008 | 19259527 |
| fungal parasitism of heterodera glycines eggs as influenced by egg age and pre-colonization of cysts by other fungi. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of egg age and pre-colonization of cysts by a saprophytic or parasitic fungus on parasitism of heterodera glycines eggs by other parasitic fungi. in agar and in soil tests, fungi generally parasitized more eggs in early developmental stages than eggs containing a juvenile. the effect of pre-colonization of cysts by a fungus on parasitism of eggs by other fungi depended on the fungi involved. in most cases, pre-colonization of cysts by an un ... | 2003 | 19262761 |
| root-knot nematode problem of some winter ornamental plants and its biomanagement. | a microplot study under field conditions was carried out during 2 consecutive years to assess the effect of root-knot nematode infection (2,000 meloidogyne incognita eggs/kg soil) on three winter ornamental plants: hollyhock (althea rosea), petunia (petunia hybrida), and poppy (papaver rhoeas). effects of root-dip treatment with the biocontrol agents pochonia chlamydosporia, bacillus subtilis, and pseudomonas fluorescens and the nematicide fenamiphos were tested. the three ornamental species wer ... | 2005 | 19262861 |
| species of root-knot nematodes and fungal egg parasites recovered from vegetables in almería and barcelona, spain. | intensive vegetable production areas were surveyed in the provinces of almería (35 sites) and barcelona (22 sites), spain, to determine the incidence and identity of meloidogyne spp. and of fungal parasites of nematode eggs. two species of meloidogyne were found in almería-m. javanica (63% of the samples) and m. incognita (31%). three species were found in barcelona, including m. incognita (50%), m. javanica (36%), and m. arenaria (14%). solanaceous crops supported larger (p < 0.05) nematode num ... | 2002 | 19265964 |
| suppression of meloidogyne hapla and its damage to lettuce grown in a mineral soil amended with chitin and biocontrol organisms. | chitin was used as soil amendment in fiberglass field microplots, alone or with one or a combination of two to three species of hirsutella rhossiliensis, paecilomyces marquandii, verticillium chlamydosporium, bacillus thuringiensis, and streptomyces costaricanus. sudangrass and rapeseed were planted as cover crops and incorporated into soil as green manure amendments. chitin amendment alone increased the marketable yield of lettuce in 1995 and reduced root-galling ratings and the reproduction of ... | 1999 | 19270942 |
| hirsutella rhossiliensisand verticillium chlamydosporium as biocontrol agents of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla on lettuce. | hirsutella rhossiliensis and verticillium chlamydosporium infected second-stage juveniles (j2) and eggs of meloidogyne hapla, respectively, in petri dishes and in organic soil in pots planted to lettuce in the greenhouse. in vitro, h. rhossiliensis produced 78 to 124 spores/infected j2 of m. hapla. the number of j2 in roots of lettuce seedlings decreased exponentially with increasing numbers of vegetative colonies of h. rhossiliensis in the soil. at an infestation of 8 m. hapla eggs/cm(3) soil, ... | 2000 | 19270953 |
| viability of heterodera glycines exposed to fungal filtrates. | filtrates from nematode-parasitic fungi have been reported to be toxic to plant-parasitic nematodes. our objective was to determine the effects of fungal filtrates on second-stage juveniles and eggs of heterodera glycines. eleven fungal species that were isolated from cysts extracted from a soybean field in florida were tested on j2, and five species were tested on eggs in vitro. each fungal species was grown in czapek-dox broth and malt extract broth. no toxic activity was observed for fungi gr ... | 2000 | 19270965 |
| pathogenicity of fungi to eggs of heterodera glycines. | twenty-one isolates of 18 fungal species were tested on water agar for their pathogenicity to eggs of heterodera glycines. an egg-parasitic index (epi) for each of these fungi was recorded on a scale from 0 to 10, and hatch of nematode eggs was determined after exposure to the fungi on water agar for 3 weeks at 24 c. the epi for verticillium chlamydosporium was 7.6, and the fungus reduced hatch 74%. pyrenochaeta terrestris and two sterile fungi also showed a high epi and reduced hatch 42-73%. ar ... | 1996 | 19277130 |
| methods for the study of verticillium chlamydosporium in the rhizosphere. | methods for screening isolates of the nematophagous fungus, v. chlamydosporium, for their ability to colonize the surface of plant roots are described. significant differences in the extent of colonization were observed in sterile conditions and in soil; plant species and cultivars also differed in their ability to support a selected isolate of the fungus. although fungal density could be estimated using a semi-selective medium, it was not possible to separate differences in vegetative growth fr ... | 1994 | 19279929 |
| benomyl tolerance of ten fungi antagonistic to plant-parasitic nematodes. | ten strains of fungi were tested for tolerance to the fungicide benomyl. verticillium chlamydosporium strain 2 did not grow in the presence of benomyl; drechraeria coniospora strains 1 and 2 and chaetomium sp. tolerated only 0.1 mug benomyl/ml medium; acremonium bacillisporum, an unidentified fungus, and phoma chrysanthemicola uniformly grew at 1 mug/ml, but some hyphae grew at higher benomyl concentrations; fusarium sp. tolerated 475 mug/ml, but some hyphae grew on medium amended with 1,000 mug ... | 1991 | 19283145 |
| meloidogyne incognita survival in soil infested with paecilomyces lilacinus and verticillium chlamydosporium. | meloidogyne incognita-infected tomato seedlings were transplanted into sterilized soil or unsterilized soil collected from 20 california tomato fields to measure suppression caused by paecilomyces lilacinus, verticillium chlamydosporium, and other naturally occurring antagonists. unsterilized soils q, a, and h contained 35, 39, and 55% fewer m. incognita second-stage juveniles (j2) than did sterilized soil 1 month after infected tomato seedlings were transplanted to these soils and placed in a g ... | 1990 | 19287707 |
| association of verticillium chlamydosporium and paecilomyces lilacinus with root-knot nematode infested soil. | population densities of meloidogyne incognita and the nematophagous fungi, paecilomyces lilacinus and verticillium chlamydosporium, were determined in 20 northern california tomato fields over two growing seasons. paecilomyces lilacinus was isolated from three fields, v. chlamydosporium was isolated from one field, and both fungi were isolated from 12 fields. verticillium chlamydosporium numbers were positively correlated with numbers of m. incognita and p. lilacinus. paecilomyces lilacinus numb ... | 1990 | 19287711 |
| isolation of fungi from heterodera glycines and in vitro bioassays for their antagonism to eggs. | twenty fungi were assayed in vitro for antagonism to eggs of heterodera glycines. eight of the fungi were isolated from cysts or eggs of h. glycines during the current study, one was isolated from panagrellus redivivus, and eleven were obtained from other researchers or collections. the bioassays were conducted on eggs from nematodes that had been grown monoxenically on excised root tips. phoma chrysanthemicola, one strain of verticillium chlamydosporium, and one strain of v. lecanii caused a de ... | 1990 | 19287754 |
| antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes in florida citrus. | in a survey of antagonists of nematodes in 27 citrus groves, each with a history of tylenchulus semipenetrans infestation, and 17 noncitrus habitats in florida, approximately 24 species of microbial antagonists capable of attacking vermiform stages of radopholus citrophilus were recovered. eleven of these microbes and a species of pasteuria also were observed attacking vermiform stages of t. semipenetrans. verticillium chlamydosporium, paecilomyces lilacinus, p. marquandii, streptomyces sp., art ... | 1990 | 19287759 |
| fungal parasites of the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae in southern sweden. | fungal parasites of the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae were isolated from four sites in southern sweden. in all, 15 different fungi were isolated from different stages of the nematode life cycle. among the egg parasites, verticillium chlamydosporium was common in young cysts on roots, whereas an unidentified species of verticillium (verticillium sp. 1) was the dominating species in cysts from soil, especially if the soll had been stored for 8-12 months. v. chlamydosporium was frequently ... | 1985 | 19294057 |
| production of extracellular enzymes by different isolates of pochonia chlamydosporia. | for the first time, the specific activities of chitinases, esterases, lipases and a serine protease (vcp1) produced by different isolates of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia were quantified and compared. the isolates were grown for different time periods in a minimal liquid medium or media supplemented with 1 % chitin, 0.2 % gelatin or 2 % olive oil. enzyme-specific activities were quantified in filtered culture supernatants using chromogenic p-nitrophenyl substrates (for chitina ... | 2009 | 19422912 |
| duddingtonia flagrans, monacrosporium thaumasium and pochonia chlamydosporia as possible biological control agents of oxyuris equi and austroxyuris finlaysoni. | the action of four fungal isolates of the species duddingtonia flagrans (ac001), monacrosporium thaumasium (nf34a) and pochonia chlamydosporia (vc1 and vc4) on eggs of oxyuris equi and austroxyuris finlaysoni was evaluated in two assays (a and b). eggs of o. equi (test a) and a. finlaysoni (test b) were plated on petri dishes with 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates and control without fungus. after 5, 10 and 15 days, 100 eggs were collected and classified according to the following paramet ... | 2010 | 19570314 |
| [antagonistic interactions between saprotrophic fungi and geohelminths. 1. saprotrophic fungi in the biological control of phytopathogenic geohelminths]. | the state of knowledge on the possible antagonism between soil saprotrophic fungi and phytopathogenic nematodes of the genera meloidogyne, heterodera, and globodera is reviewed basing on the literature and our own research. mycelial colonisation of various developmental stages of these geohelminths is the most common factor thought to reduce their populations in nature. the following parasitic fungi can be found on the cysts, eggs, as well as the larvae of the nematodes: paecilomyces lilacinus, ... | 2009 | 19579778 |
| predatory activity of pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on toxocara (syn. neoascaris) vitulorum eggs. | toxocara (neoascaris) vitulorum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of young ruminants, responsible for high mortality rates in parasitized cattle and buffalo calves. the objective of this work was to compare the predatory capacity under laboratory conditions of four fungal isolates of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (vc1, vc4, vc5 and vc12) on t. vitulorum eggs in 2% water-agar (2% wa). t. vitulorum eggs were plated on 2% wa petri dishes which contained cultured fungal isol ... | 2010 | 19697149 |
| fungus-benzimidazole interactions: a prerequisite to deploying egg-parasitic fungi paecilomyces lilacinus and verticillium chlamydosporium as biocontrol agents against fascioliasis and amphistomiasis in ruminant livestock. | in vitro trials investigating the effects of albendazole and triclabendazole anthelmintics on the growth profiles of the egg-parasitic fungi paecilomyces lilacinus and verticillium chlamydosporium were undertaken. in addition, in vivo trials were conducted in goats fed on millet grain cultures of each fungus and administered albendazole and triclabendazole anthelmintics. in vitro growth revealed v. chlamydosporium to be more sensitive to albendazole compared to p. lilacinus. in contrast, triclab ... | 2010 | 19698195 |
| activity of the nematophagous fungi pochonia chlamydosporia, duddingtonia flagrans and monacrosporium thaumasium on egg capsules of dipylidium caninum. | nematophagous fungi are potential biological control agents of helminths. the in vitro ovicidal effect of four isolates of the nematophagous fungi pochonia chlamydosporia (vc1 and vc4), duddingtonia flagrans (ac001) and monacrosporium thaumasium (nf34) was evaluated on egg capsules of dipylidium caninum, a cestode parasite of dogs, cats and humans. one thousand egg capsules of d. caninum were plated on 2% water-agar with the grown isolates and control without fungus. the ovicidal activity of the ... | 2009 | 19717240 |
| assessing fungal root colonization for plant improvement. | fungal endophytes display a broad range of symbiotic interactions with their host plants. current studies on their biology, diversity and benefits are unravelling their high relevance on plant adaptation to environmental stresses. implementation of such properties may open new perspectives in agriculture and forestry. we aim to exploit the endophytic capacities of the fungal species fusarium equiseti, a naturally occurring root endophyte which has shown antagonism to plant pathogens, and pochoni ... | 2009 | 19816102 |
| nematodetoxic aurovertin-type metabolites from a root-knot nematode parasitic fungus pochonia chlamydosporia. | chemical investigation of one fungal strain p. chlamydosporia ymf 1.00613 isolated from root knots of tobacco infected by meloidogyne incognita led to the isolation and identification of four aurovertin-type metabolites, which include a new compound, aurovertin i (a1), and three known metabolites, aurovertins e, f and d (a2-a4). their structures were established by spectroscopic studies such as 1d- and 2d-nmr and ms analysis. aurovertin i (a1) is the first natural product with an aurovertin skel ... | 2010 | 20000774 |
| viability of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses. | the predatory capacity of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (isolate vc4) embedded in sodium alginate pellets after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses was assessed in vitro against oxyuris equi eggs. twelve previously dewormed crossbred mares, average weight of 362.5kg (+/-21) were used in the experiment. each animal of the treated group received an oral dose (100g) of sodium alginate pellets containing p. chlamydosporia mycelial mass. the control group received ... | 2010 | 20036059 |
| expression of serine proteases in egg-parasitic nematophagous fungi during barley root colonization. | nematophagous fungi pochonia chlamydosporia and p. rubescens colonize endophytically barley roots. during nematode infection, serine proteases are secreted. we have investigated whether such proteases are also produced during root colonization. polyclonal antibodies against serine protease p32 of p. rubescens cross-reacted with a related protease (vcp1) of p. chlamydosporia, but not with barley proteases. these antibodies also detected an unknown ca. 65-kda protein, labeled hyphae and appressori ... | 2010 | 20097301 |
| ovicidal activity of pochonia chlamydosporia and paecilomyces lilacinus on toxocara canis eggs. | an assessment was made of the ovicidal activity of egg-parasitizing fungi pochonia chlamydosporia (isolates vc1 and vc4) and paecilomyces lilacinus on toxocara canis eggs in vitro. the fungal isolates were inoculated onto petri dishes with 2% water-agar (2% wa) and stored at 25 degrees c for 10 days in an incubator, in the dark. the control group was comprised of petri dishes without fungi, containing the 2%wa medium only. later, 1000 embryonated eggs were placed on the surface of the plates wit ... | 2010 | 20097478 |
| effects of carbon concentrations and carbon to nitrogen ratios on sporulation of two biological control fungi as determined by different culture methods. | the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (clavicipitaceae) and entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (cordycipitaceae) have great potential for biological control. however, a significant barrier to their commercial development as mycopesticides is the high costs associated with production. carbon (c) concentration and c to nitrogen ratio (c:n ratio) greatly affect fungal growth and sporulation. effects of c concentration and c:n ratio differed when the fungi were cultivated using tw ... | 2010 | 20155445 |
| [destruction of toxocara canis eggs by the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia]. | toxocara canis is an ascarid parasite of the small intestine of dogs that causes visceral larva migrans in humans. | 2010 | 20305981 |
| ovicidal activity of different concentrations of pochonia chlamydosporia chlamydospores on taenia taeniaeformis eggs. | three concentrations of chlamydospores of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (1000, 10,000 and 20,000 per petri dish) were evaluated in vitro on taenia taeniaeformis eggs. chlamydospores at each concentration were cultured in two different media: 2% water-agar (2%wa) and 2% corn-meal-agar (2%cma). taenia taeniaeformis eggs were plated in each chlamydospore concentration in 2%wa and 2%cma (treated groups) and without fungus (control group). eggs were removed from each petri dish at ... | 2011 | 20338078 |
| in vitro ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungi duddingtonia flagrans, monacrosporium thaumasium and pochonia chlamydosporia on trichuris vulpis eggs. | the in vitro effect of four isolates of the nematophagous fungi duddingtonia flagrans (ac001), monacrosporium thaumasium (nf34a) and pochonia chlamydosporia (vc1 and vc4) on the eggs of trichuris vulpis was evaluated. one thousand eggs of t. vulpis were plated on petri dishes with 2% water-agar with the fungal isolates grown and without fungus as control. after 7, 14 and 21 days 100 eggs were removed from each plate and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, lytic effect witho ... | 2010 | 20537799 |
| ovicidal action of a crude enzymatic extract of the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia against cyathostomin eggs. | the aims of this study were to test the action of the fungal extract of pochonia chlamydosporia (vc4) on the hatching of cyathostomin eggs plated in petri dishes containing 2% water-agar (2% wa) and its enzymatic activity in fecal cultures, in two experimental assays (a and b). the fungus p. chlamydosporia (vc4) was cultured in erlenmeyer flasks (250ml) containing 50ml of liquid minimal medium supplemented with 0.2% gelatin for production of the crude enzymatic extract. approximately 1kg of fres ... | 2010 | 20627419 |
| comparative analysis of destruction of the infective forms of trichuris trichiura and haemonchus contortus by nematophagous fungi pochonia chlamydosporia; duddingtonia flagrans and monacrosporium thaumasium by scanning electron microscopy. | the present study aimed to demonstrate by scanning electron microscopy (sem) the in vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi pochonia chlamydosporia (vc1 and vc4 isolates) duddingtonia flagrans (ac001 isolate) and monacrosporium thaumasium (nf34a isolate) on eggs of trichuristrichiura and infective larvae (l3) of haemonchus contortus. the work was divided into two experimental tests (a and b). in tests a and b, the predatory activity of nematophagous fungi p. chlamydosporia, d. flagrans a ... | 2011 | 20638203 |
| specific inhibition of the halogenase for radicicol biosynthesis by bromide at the transcriptional level in pochonia chlamydosporia. | pochonia chlamydosporia produces radicicol (1), a potent antifungal and anticancer product. nabr, but not naf, nacl or nai, inhibited the biosynthesis of 1 in p. chlamydosporia in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by the formation chlorine-lacking monocillins ii-v (2-5), indicating that the dedicated halogenase, rdc2 had been inhibited. rt-pcr analysis confirmed that transcription of rdc2 was selectively inhibited by br(-), whereas the putative p450 epoxidase gene, rdc4, was not affected. | 2010 | 20931351 |
| insights into radicicol biosynthesis via heterologous synthesis of intermediates and analogs. | resorcylic acid lactones are fungal polyketides that display diverse biological activities, with the potent hsp90 inhibitor radicicol being an important representative member. two fungal iterative polyketide synthases (ipkss), rdc5, the highly reducing ipks, and rdc1, the nonreducing ipks, are required for the biosynthesis of radicicol in pochonia chlamydosporia. in this study, the complete reconstitution of rdc5 and rdc1 activities both in vitro and in saccharomyces cerevisiae uncovered the ear ... | 2010 | 20961859 |
| ovicidal activity of seven pochonia chlamydosporia fungal isolates on ascaris suum eggs. | the ovicidal effect of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia on eggs of ascaris suum was tested under laboratory conditions. a. suum eggs were plated on 2% water-agar with seven fungal isolates (isol. 5, isol. 31, isol. 1, vc1, isol. 12, isol. 22 and vc4) and control without fungus. after 5, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 21 days of incubation, approximately 100 eggs were removed from the plates and classified according to the following parameters: type 1, biochemical and physiological effect with ... | 2010 | 21088892 |
| activity of some hypocrealean fungi collected in a cerrado ecosystem against rhodnius spp. (hemiptera: reduviidae) under laboratory conditions. | the hypocrealean invertebrate-pathogenic fungi lecanicillium psalliotae, paecilomyces lilacinus and pochonia chlamydosporia isolated from soils in central brazil were tested against palm-dwelling rhodnius neglectus, r. nasutus, r. prolixus, and r. robustus; all of these insects are vectors of chagas disease. particularly r. neglectus and r. nasutus, which are both important secondary intruders of human habitations were susceptible to all three of the fungi tested, and fungi sporulated successful ... | 2011 | 21251907 |
| [ovicidal action of a crude enzymatic extract of fungus pochonia chlamydosporia against ancylostoma sp eggs]. | ancylostoma sp is a potentially zoonotic geohelminth. | 2011 | 21340423 |
| transcriptome analysis shows differential gene expression in the saprotrophic to parasitic transition of pochonia chlamydosporia. | expression profiles were identified in the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia, a biological control agent of plant parasitic nematodes, through a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism approach. two isolates with different host ranges, imi 380407 and imi 331547, were assayed in conditions of saprotrophic-to-parasitic transition, through in vitro assays. gene expression profiles from three different nutritional conditions and four sampling times were generated, with eggs of host nematodes globod ... | 2011 | 21541788 |
| biological control of ascaris suum eggs by pochonia chlamydosporia fungus. | ascaris suum is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of swines. the aim of this study was to observe pochonia chlamydosporia fungus on biological control of a. suum eggs after fungus passage through swines gastrointestinal tract. eighteen pigs, previously dewormed, were randomly divided into three groups: group 1, treated with the fungus isolate vc4; group 2, treated with the fungus isolate vc1 and group 3 did not receive fungus (control). in the treated groups, each animal received a 9 g single ... | 2011 | 21796329 |
| biological control of fasciola hepatica eggs with the pochonia chlamydosporia fungus after passing through the cattle gastrointestinal tract. | fasciolosis is a disease caused by fasciola hepatica responsible for causing significant losses in livestock. this study aimed to evaluate the pochonia chlamydosporia fungus (isolate vc1) on f. hepatica eggs after passing through the cattle gastrointestinal tract. for this evaluation, 1 g pellet was given in sodium alginate matrix per kilogram live weight containing 25% of fungal mycelium from isolate vc1 per animal. twelve animals were used, six treated and six untreated (control). some stool s ... | 2011 | 21773773 |
| pochonia chlamydosporia fungal activity in a solid medium and its crude extract against eggs of ascaridia galli. | the present study aimed to evaluate the ovicidal activity (type 3 effect) of vc1 and vc4 isolates of pochonia chlamydosporia in a solid medium and the action of a crude extract of p. chlamydosporia against eggs of ascaridia galli. to evaluate ovicidal activity in culture medium, 1000 a. galli eggs were plated on petri dishes containing 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates (vc1 or vc4) and without fungus (control group) and were examined at 1, 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (assay a). then, to ... | 2011 | 21838959 |
| survival of pochonia chlamydosporia in the gastrointestinal tract of experimentally treated dogs. | the predatory capacity of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (isolate vc4) after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs was assessed in vivo against toxocara canis eggs. twelve dogs previously wormed were divided into two groups of six animals and caged. the treatments consisted of a fungus-treated group (vc4) and a control group without fungus. each dog of the fungus-treated group received a single 4g dose of mycelial mass of p. chlamydosporia (vc4). fecal samples from ... | 2011 | 22100247 |
| biocontrol efficacy among strains of pochonia chlamydosporia obtained from a root-knot nematode suppressive soil. | three pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia strains were isolated from a meloidogyne incognita-suppressive soil, and then genetically characterized with multiple pochonia-selective typing methods based on analysis of ß-tubulin, rrna internal transcribed spacer (its), rrna small subunit (ssu), and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) pcr. all strains exhibited different patterns with the eric analysis. strains 1 and 4 were similar with pcr analysis of ß-tubulin and its. th ... | 2012 | 23483846 |
| in vitro evaluation of nematophagous activity of fungal isolates. | four filamentous fungi associated with nematodes were isolated and identified from litter samples collected in the integral natural reserve "bosco siro negri" (pv, italy): arthrobotrys dactyloides, arthrobotrys oligospora var. oligospora, pochonia bulbillosa, and pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata. their capacity to break down the nematode population was evaluated in vitro by means of simple and reproducible multiwell plates method. all fungal strains were able to cause a death-rate signifi ... | 2014 | 23553775 |
| application of two-stage cultivation for exploring the nutritional requirements for sporulation of three biocontrol fungi. | fungicide was an important part in mycopesticides, which play an important role in pest management, while their mass production and commercialization faced problem. we found that the nutrition for mycelia growth and sporulation differences a lot. so, we developed "two-step method" to define the nutrition for sporulation in this paper. the results indicated that the novel method led to a great increase of spore yields for beauveria bassiana (ibc1201), lecanicillium lecanii (ca-1-g), and pochonia ... | 2015 | 25709841 |
| morphological changes, chitinolytic enzymes and hydrophobin-like proteins as responses of lecanicillium lecanii during growth with hydrocarbon. | lecanicillium lecanii, verticillium chlamydosporium, v. fungicola var flavidum and beauveria bassiana were evaluated on their growth with pure n-hexane, toluene and n-hexane:toluene 17:83 (v:v) mixture. another set of treatments were conducted with colloidal chitin as additional carbon source. all the strains of lecanicillium were able to grow using hydrocarbons with or without the addition of chitin, although the presence of hydrocarbons showed significant inhibition evidenced by measured bioma ... | 2013 | 22926786 |
| effect of the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia on echinostoma paraensei (trematoda: echinostomatidae). | echinostoma paraensei is a trematode of the genus echinostoma that causes echinostomiasis in humans. the objectives of this study were to: evaluate the ovicidal activity of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (vc1 and vc4) on a solid medium 2% water-agar (2% wa) against e. paraensei eggs (assay a); evaluate ovicidal effect (destruction of eggs) of the isolate vc4 in supplemented culture media (assay b); and evaluate the ovicidal ability of the crude extract (vc4) on e. paraensei egg ... | 2014 | 25046695 |
| pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of fasciola hepatica in cattle in southeastern brazil. | biological control with the use of nematophagous fungi has been described very successfully by many authors and presents itself as a complementary control method, acting on the free-living forms of helminths. the efficacy of a formulation containing the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia in controlling fasciola hepatica eggs in faeces was evaluated in an experimental field assay. two bovine groups (six animals each) were used: a (control) and b (treated with fungus). at 30 days after deworming, the ... | 2013 | 23494156 |
| yellow pigment aurovertins mediate interactions between the pathogenic fungus pochonia chlamydosporia and its nematode host. | nematophagous fungi are globally distributed soil fungi and well-known natural predators of soil-dwelling nematodes. pochonia chlamydosporia can be found in diverse nematode-suppressive soils as a parasite of nematode eggs and is one of the most studied potential biological control agents of nematodes. however, little is known about the functions of small molecules in the process of infection of nematodes by this parasitic fungus or about small-molecule-mediated interactions between the pathogen ... | 2015 | 26151481 |
| cazyme content of pochonia chlamydosporia reflects that chitin and chitosan modification are involved in nematode parasitism. | pochonia chlamydosporia is a soil fungus with a multitrophic lifestyle combining endophytic and saprophytic behaviors, in addition to a nematophagous activity directed against eggs of root-knot and other plant parasitic nematodes. the carbohydrate-active enzymes encoded by the genome of p. chlamydosporia suggest that the endophytic and saprophytic lifestyles make use of a plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation machinery that can target cellulose, xylan and, to a lesser extent, pectin. this e ... | 2016 | 27668983 |
| chitosan enhances parasitism of meloidogyne javanica eggs by the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia. | pochonia chlamydosporia (pc), a nematophagous fungus and root endophyte, uses appressoria and extracellular enzymes, principally proteases, to infect the eggs of plant parasitic nematodes (ppn). unlike other fungi, pc is resistant to chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, used in agriculture as a biopesticide to control plant pathogens. in the present work, we show that chitosan increases meloidogyne javanica egg parasitism by p. chlamydosporia. using antibodies specific to the pc enzymes vcp1 ... | 2016 | 27020158 |
| analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of pochonia chlamydosporia suggests a close relationship to the invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in hypocreales. | the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia parasitizes nematode eggs and has become one of the most promising biological control agents (bcas) for plant-parasitic nematodes, which are major agricultural pests that cause tremendous economic losses worldwide. the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome is expected to open new avenues for understanding the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in hypocreales. | 2015 | 25636983 |
| gene cloning, molecular modeling, and phylogenetics of serine protease p32 and serine carboxypeptidase scp1 from nematophagous fungi pochonia rubescens and pochonia chlamydosporia. | the fungi pochonia chlamydosporia and pochonia rubescens are parasites of nematode eggs and thus are biocontrol agents of nematodes. proteolytic enzymes such as the s8 proteases vcp1 and p32, secreted during the pathogenesis of nematode eggs, are major virulence factors in these fungi. recently, expression of these enzymes and of scp1, a new putative s10 carboxypeptidase, was detected during endophytic colonization of barley roots by these fungi. in our study, we cloned the genomic and mrna sequ ... | 2012 | 22690687 |
| cell wall composition plays a key role on sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. | chitosan antifungal activity has been reported for both filamentous fungi and yeast. previous studies have shown fungal plasma membrane as main chitosan target. however, the role of the fungal cell wall (cw) in their response to chitosan is unknown. we show that cell wall regeneration in neurospora crassa (chitosan sensitive) protoplasts protects them from chitosan damage. caspofungin, a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed a synergistic antifungal effect with chitosan for n. crassa but not f ... | 2016 | 27259000 |
| interaction of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia and parascaris equorum eggs in different culture media. | research involving the use of nematophagous fungi in the biological control of parasites of interest to veterinarians has occurred over recent years, with promising results. this article reports the infection of parascaris equorum eggs by the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (isolates vc1 and vc4). six groups were formed for each isolate, with six different culture media: 2% water-agar (2% wa); agar-chitin (ac); ypssa (yeast extract, k2hpo4, mgso4 ·7h2o, soluble starch); aela extract (starch + wat ... | 2014 | 25088293 |
| arabidopsis thaliana root colonization by the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia is modulated by jasmonate signaling and leads to accelerated flowering and improved yield. | pochonia chlamydosporia has been intensively studied in nematode control of different crops. we have investigated the interaction between p. chlamydosporia and the model system arabidopsis thaliana under laboratory conditions in the absence of nematodes. this study demonstrates that p. chlamydosporia colonizes a. thaliana. root colonization monitored with green fluorescent protein-tagged p. chlamydosporia and quantitative pcr (qpcr) quantitation methods revealed root cell invasion. fungal inocul ... | 2017 | 27456071 |
| characterization of soil suppressiveness to root-knot nematodes in organic horticulture in plastic greenhouse. | the fluctuation of meloidogyne population density and the percentage of fungal egg parasitism were determined from july 2011 to july 2013 in two commercial organic vegetable production sites (m10.23 and m10.55) in plastic greenhouses, located in northeastern spain, in order to know the level of soil suppressiveness. fungal parasites were identified by molecular methods. in parallel, pot tests characterized the level of soil suppressiveness and the fungal species growing from the eggs. in additio ... | 2016 | 26925080 |