| reduction of high affinity glutamate uptake in rat hippocampus by two polyamine-like toxins isolated from the venom of the predatory wasp philanthus triangulum f. | two components of the venom of the predatory wasp philanthus triangulum f. significantly reduce--to a greater or less extent--the high affinity uptake of glutamate in rat hippocampus. a concentration of 10 microm delta-ptx caused a reduction of 74%, while the other component, beta-ptx, at the same concentration, caused a reduction of 18%. hence the effect of delta-ptx on high affinity glutamate uptake in the hippocampus is comparable with its effect on high affinity glutamate uptake in insect ne ... | 1986 | 2868914 |
| cholinergic antagonists in a solitary wasp venom. | the venom of the solitary wasp philanthus triangulum contains a cholinergic antagonist of the nicotinic receptor of the rectus abdominis muscle of the frog, xenopus laevis. the venom of african p. triangulum contains two different cholinergic factors, a competitive and a non-competitive antagonist. the venom of the european p. triangulum may not contain a competitive antagonist of the nicotinic receptor of x. laevis, but only a very strong non-competitive antagonist. the possible non-synonymity ... | 1986 | 2879703 |
| ion channel block in rat diaphragm by the venom of the digger wasp philanthus triangulum. | in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation the twitch tension and tetanic contractions, already reduced by d-tubocurarine, succinylchloride or neostigmine, are further reduced by the venom of the digger wasp philanthus triangulum f. the venom reduces the temperature- and voltage-sensitivity of the acetylcholine-receptor-activated ion channels, at the motor end-plate, and shortens the decay time of the miniature end-plate currents, analogous to a block described for the purified toxin, delta- ... | 1984 | 6149868 |
| symbiotic bacteria protect wasp larvae from fungal infestation. | symbiotic associations between different organisms are of great importance for evolutionary and ecological processes [1-4]. bacteria are particularly valuable symbiotic partners owing to their huge diversity of biochemical pathways that may open entirely new ecological niches for higher organisms [1-3]. here, we report on a unique association between a new streptomyces species and a solitary hunting wasp, the european beewolf (philanthus triangulum, hymenoptera, crabronidae). beewolf females cul ... | 2005 | 15753044 |
| 'candidatus streptomyces philanthi', an endosymbiotic streptomycete in the antennae of philanthus digger wasps. | symbiotic interactions with bacteria are essential for the survival and reproduction of many insects. the european beewolf (philanthus triangulum, hymenoptera, crabronidae) engages in a highly specific association with bacteria of the genus streptomyces that appears to protect beewolf offspring against infection by pathogens. using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the bacteria were located in the antennal glands of female wasps, where they form dense cell clusters. using genetic me ... | 2006 | 16738121 |
| a selfish function of a "social" gland? a postpharyngeal gland functions as a sex pheromone reservoir in males of the solitary wasp philanthus triangulum. | the postpharyngeal gland (ppg) has long been assumed to be restricted to ants, where it mainly functions in the maintenance of social integrity. recently, a ppg has been described in both sexes of a solitary digger wasp, the european beewolf, philanthus triangulum (hymenoptera, crabronidae). female beewolves use the contents of their ppg to embalm their honeybee prey to delay microbial growth. here we show that in male beewolves, the ppg serves as a reservoir of the pheromone used to scent-mark ... | 2006 | 17131184 |
| morphology and ultrastructure of a bacteria cultivation organ: the antennal glands of female european beewolves, philanthus triangulum (hymenoptera, crabronidae). | females of a solitary digger wasp, the european beewolf (philanthus triangulum f.), cultivate symbiotic bacteria of the genus streptomyces in specialized antennal glands. the streptomycetes are secreted in the subterranean brood cells and protect the offspring against mould fungi. we reconstructed the complex morphology of the antennal glands using 3d-visualization software, investigated the ultrastructure of the glands, and examine the role of the antennal glands as organs for the cultivation o ... | 2007 | 18089083 |
| a 'social' gland in a solitary wasp? the postpharyngeal gland of female european beewolves (hymenoptera, crabronidae). | exocrine glands play an important role in maintaining the integrity of colonies of social hymenoptera. the postpharyngeal gland (ppg) of ants is crucial for the generation of a nest odour that enables nestmate recognition. the evolutionary history of this gland is unknown and it was thought to be restricted to ants. here we describe an exocrine head gland in females of a solitary crabronid wasp, the european beewolf, philanthus triangulum, that resembles the ppg of ants in many respects. the new ... | 2007 | 18089092 |
| males of a solitary wasp possess a postpharyngeal gland. | the postpharyngeal gland has long been thought to occur only in ants. here we characterize, by use of light and electron microscopy as well as 3d reconstruction based on nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) imaging data, a large cephalic gland reservoir of males of a solitary digger wasp, the european beewolf, philanthus triangulum. several lines of evidence suggest that this reservoir is a postpharyngeal gland. the gland reservoir originates from the posterior part of the pharynx and consists of tw ... | 2007 | 18089093 |
| structure, chemical composition and putative function of the postpharyngeal gland of the emerald cockroach wasp, ampulex compressa (hymenoptera, ampulicidae). | the postpharyngeal gland (ppg) plays a major role in the social integration of ant colonies. it had been thought to be restricted to ants but was recently also described for a solitary wasp, the european beewolf (philanthus triangulum). this finding posed the question whether the gland has evolved independently in the two taxa or has been inherited from a common ancestor and is hence homologous. the latter alternative would be supported if a ppg was found in more basal taxa. therefore, we examin ... | 2011 | 21256725 |
| effects of the venom of the bee wolf wasp, philanthus triangulum f., on contraction and presynaptic vesicles in locust muscle. | | 2004 | 524388 |
| neuromuscular block in honeybees by the venom of the bee wolf wasp (philanthus triangulum f.). | | 1995 | 167475 |
| the odor of origin: kinship and geographical distance are reflected in the marking pheromone of male beewolves (philanthus triangulum f., hymenoptera, crabronidae). | pheromones play an important role for mate finding and courtship in many insects. in species where males are the signaling sex, females are expected to choose among potential mates with regard to the emitter's quality and/or genetic compatibility. one important aspect is the balance between negative and positive effects of in- vs. outbreeding. in the present study, we aimed to assess the potential of the territory marking pheromone of european beewolves as an indicator for genetic compatibility ... | 2007 | 17927833 |
| orchid mimics honey bee alarm pheromone in order to attract hornets for pollination. | approximately one-third of the world's estimated 30,000 orchid species are deceptive and do not reward their pollinators with nectar or pollen. most of these deceptive orchids imitate the scent of rewarding flowers or potential mates. in this study, we investigated the floral scent involved in pollinator attraction to the rewardless orchid dendrobium sinense, a species endemic to the chinese island hainan that is pollinated by the hornet vespa bicolor. via chemical analyses and electrophysiologi ... | 2009 | 19664924 |
| a cuckoo in wolves' clothing? chemical mimicry in a specialized cuckoo wasp of the european beewolf (hymenoptera, chrysididae and crabronidae). | host-parasite interactions are among the most important biotic relationships. host species should evolve mechanisms to detect their enemies and employ appropriate counterstrategies. parasites, in turn, should evolve mechanisms to evade detection and thus maximize their success. females of the european beewolf (philanthus triangulum, hymenoptera, crabronidae) hunt exclusively honeybee workers as food for their progeny. the brood cells containing the paralyzed bees are severely threatened by a hig ... | 2008 | 18190702 |
| factors affecting body size and fat content in a digger wasp. | body size is one of the most important life history traits. in mass-provisioning solitary hymenoptera, the maximum attainable adult size is not under the control of the larva but is limited by the amount of resources provided by the mother. i investigated the effect of the amount of different maternal resources and potentially interfering abiotic (temperature) and biotic (fungus infestation) factors on offspring body size and fat reserves in a solitary digger wasp, the european beewolf, philanth ... | 2000 | 28308722 |
| allosteric inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of vertebrates and insects by philanthotoxin. | the effects of pure philanthotoxin (phtx), a component of the venom of the wasp philanthus triangulum, were studied on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) of vertebrates and insects so as to compare their sensitivities and the mechanism of action of phtx. electrophysiological techniques were used on frog muscles and cockroach thoracic ganglia and biochemical techniques were applied to membranes from torpedo electric organ and honeybee brain. phtx (1-20 microm) inhibited reversibly the ind ... | 1989 | 2468760 |