| [a delay in the development of hearing and a shift in the leading afferentation in the early behavioral ontogeny of birds]. | development of auditory sensitivity was studied by recording microphonic component of cochlear potentials during the period of opening the eyes in 6 species of birds with different types of ontogeny (anas plathyrynchos, larus canus and l. argentatus, sterna paradisaea, coloeus monedula and corvus frugeleus). the onset of opening the eyes is accompanied by a delay in development of auditory sensitivity and temporary decrease of upper frequency limit of the audible range. before such a delay acous ... | 1994 | 7879454 |
| seabirds as indicators of changes in marine ecosystems: ecological monitoring on machias seal island. | changes in marine ecosystems can be manifested in many different ways, on different temporal and spatial scales. seabirds are top consumers in marine foodwebs and offer opportunities to detect and assess the biological effects of changes in physical parameters (sea-surface temperature [sst], salinity, depth of thermocline etc.) of the marine ecosystem. we compare six-eight years' of data on the biology (diet, and breeding success) of four species of seabird (arctic tern sterna paradisaea and com ... | 2003 | 14570414 |
| inter- and intraclutch variation in egg mercury levels in marine bird species from the canadian arctic. | mercury (hg) is a toxic metal that has been of increasing concern in the canadian arctic. we measured total hg in eggs of three marine birds (arctic terns sterna paradisaea, common eiders somateria mollissima borealis, long-tailed ducks clangula hyemalis) that breed in the canadian arctic, to compare hg laying order effects from the same clutch and to examine hg among species. early-laid eggs of all three species had 24-48% higher hg concentrations than late laid eggs. arctic terns had approxima ... | 2010 | 19962722 |
| organochlorine compounds and their metabolites in seven icelandic seabird species - a comparative study. | the present study is designed to assess the occurrence of a few organochlorine contaminants and their metabolites in eggs of different marine bird species in iceland, a country located in the sub-arctic of the north-western atlantic. previous investigations from e.g. sweden and the netherlands have shown some obvious differences in contaminant concentrations, including e.g. hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (oh-pcbs) in guillemot (uria aalge) and other bird species. eggs from sev ... | 2010 | 20356092 |
| trophic position influences the efficacy of seabirds as metal biovectors. | seabirds represent a well documented biological transport pathway of nutrients from the ocean to the land by nesting in colonies and providing organic subsidies (feces, carcasses, dropped food) to these sites. we investigated whether seabirds that feed at different trophic levels vary in their potency as biovectors of metals, which can bioaccumulate through the marine foodweb. our study site, located on a small island in arctic canada, contains the unique scenario of two nearby ponds, one of whi ... | 2010 | 20498048 |
| mercury concentrations in seabird tissues from machias seal island, new brunswick, canada. | mercury is a pervasive environmental contaminant, the anthropogenic portion of which is increasing globally, and in northeastern north america in particular. seabirds frequently are used as indicators of the marine environment, including mercury contamination. we analysed paired samples for total mercury (hg) concentrations in feathers and blood from adult and chick, albumen, and lipid-free yolk of seven seabirds breeding on machias seal island, new brunswick, canada - arctic tern (sterna paradi ... | 2009 | 19419752 |
| persistent organic pollutant and mercury concentrations in eggs of ground-nesting marine birds in the canadian high arctic. | we collected eggs of eight marine bird species from several colony sites in the canadian high arctic located at approximately 76°n and analyzed them for concentrations of legacy persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury. we provide the first report on concentrations of pops in eggs of three arctic species (thayer's gull larus thayeri, sabine's gull xema sabini, ross's gull rhodostethia rosea), and we found significant differences in each of the pop profiles among the five species with suf ... | 2016 | 26971212 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) in seven different marine bird species from iceland. | data on distribution, concentration and trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) is scarce in biota from the sub-arctic region of the atlantic. the present study is an investigation on pbde and hbcd concentrations in eggs from seven marine bird species from iceland, i.e. common eider (somateria mollissima), arctic tern (sterna paradisaea), guillemot (uria aalge), fulmar (fulmarus glacialis), lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus), great black-backed g ... | 2013 | 23987577 |
| cadmium, zinc, copper, arsenic, selenium and mercury in seabirds from the barents sea: levels, inter-specific and geographical differences. | trace elements cd, zn, cu, as, se and hg were analysed in muscle and liver of brünnich's guillemot, common guillemot, puffin, black guillemot, little auk, razorbill, common eider, king eider, glaucous gull, herring gull, black-legged kittiwake, northern fulmar and arctic tern collected in 1991-1992 at the main breeding colonies in the barents sea. the highest levels of the most toxic elements cd and hg were found in birds nesting north of spitsbergen. extremely high levels of as were detected in ... | 2003 | 12699923 |
| brominated flame retardants in north-east atlantic marine ecosystems. | concentrations of brominated flame retardants (bfrs) are reported to increase in marine ecosystems. | 2007 | 18174948 |
| large-scale spatial pollution patterns around the north sea indicated by coastal bird eggs within an ecoqo programme. | to categorize the marine environmental health status, the oslo and paris commissions have recently formulated ecological quality objectives (ecoqos) for many ecological features including the contamination of coastal bird eggs with mercury and organochlorines. in this study, we describe spatial and temporal patterns of egg contamination around the north sea and compared them to the ecoqos. concentrations of mercury, polychlorinated biphenyl (σpcb) congeners, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (σddt ... | 2012 | 22864753 |
| metal accumulation in tissues of seabirds from chaun, northeast siberia, russia. | concentrations of four essential elements (fe, mn, zn, and cu) and two toxic metals (cd and hg) were determined in selected tissues of 11 seabird species collected in chaun, northeast siberia. in oldsquaw, arctic tern and herring gull, zinc concentrations were correlated with cd concentrations. cadmium concentrations in all the species were highest in kidney and hg in liver. cd levels in the liver and kidney of herring gulls were higher than those observed from other breeding areas. similarly, h ... | 1996 | 15091375 |
| validation of the doubly labeled water method in growing precocial birds: the importance of assumptions concerning evaporative water loss. | the doubly labeled water (dlw) method was validated against respiration gas analysis in growing precocial chicks of the black-tailed godwit (limosa limosa) and the northern lapwing (vanellus vanellus). to calculate the rate of co2 production from dlw measurements, lifson and mcclintock's equations (6) and (35) were employed, as well as speakman's equation (7.17) (all single-pool models). the average errors obtained with the first two equations (+7.2% and -11.6%, respectively) differed significan ... | 2015 | 10603338 |
| high within-individual variation in total mercury concentration in seabird feathers. | to our knowledge, no rigorous assessment of the variation in mercury concentrations within individual seabirds has been made using multiple body feathers. we analyzed five feathers from individual arctic terns (sterna paradisaea pontoppidan), common terns (sterna hirundo l.), and leach's storm-petrels (oceanodroma leucorhoa veillot) and found levels of within-individual variability higher than population or time-series variation. using a randomization procedure, we found a large range of possibl ... | 2008 | 18522455 |
| [patterns in circulation and transmission of marine bird parasites in high arctic: a case of acanthocephalan polymorphus phippsi (palaeacanthocephala, polymorphidae)]. | this study, based on the materials on parasitic infection of marine birds and invertebrates in frantz josef land (fjl) collected in 1991-1993, focussed on the acanthocephalan polymorphus phippsi. we identified this parasite, confirmed its species status and analysed its circulation and transmission patterns in high arctic. the causes of its erroneous identification as p. minutus in several studies were also examined. in contrast to p. minutus, the transmission of p. phippsi is realized in marine ... | 2016 | 27055327 |
| variation in population synchrony in a multi-species seabird community: response to changes in predator abundance. | ecologically similar sympatric species, subject to typical environmental conditions, may be expected to exhibit synchronous temporal fluctuations in demographic parameters, while populations of dissimilar species might be expected to show less synchrony. previous studies have tested for synchrony in different populations of single species, and those including data from more than one species have compared fluctuations in only one demographic parameter. we tested for synchrony in inter-annual chan ... | 2015 | 26115174 |
| a markov model for planning and permitting offshore wind energy: a case study of radio-tracked terns in the gulf of maine, usa. | quantifying and managing the potential adverse wildlife impacts of offshore wind energy is critical for developing offshore wind energy in a sustainable and timely manner, but poses a significant challenge, particularly for small marine birds that are difficult to monitor. we developed a discrete-time markov model of seabird movement around a colony site parameterized by automated radio telemetry data from common terns (sterna hirundo) and arctic terns (s. paradisaea), and derived impact functio ... | 2017 | 28258775 |
| diet dichotomy between two migrant seabirds breeding near a high arctic polynya. | high arctic polynyas are predictable areas of open water, which offer long-distance migrant seabirds a reliable source of food during a period when they have to replenish and accumulate energy for reproduction. investigating the interaction between species nesting sympatrically in the vicinity of polynyas should provide insights into the role that such oceanographic features play for pre-breeding seabirds. we used stable isotopes (δ(13)c and δ(15)n) to compare the diet of two ground-nesting seab ... | 2017 | 28405388 |
| mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in a small arctic polynya ecosystem. | recurring polynyas are important areas of biological productivity and feeding grounds for seabirds and mammals in the arctic marine environment. in this study, we examined food web structure (using carbon and nitrogen isotopes, δ(13)c and δ(15)n) and mercury (hg) bioaccumulation and biomagnification in a small recurring polynya ecosystem near nasaruvaalik island (nunavut, canada). methyl hg (mehg) concentrations increased by more than 50-fold from copepods (calanus hyperboreus) to arctic terns ( ... | 2015 | 25149682 |
| trace element concentrations and gastrointestinal parasites of arctic terns breeding in the canadian high arctic. | baseline data on trace element concentrations are lacking for many species of arctic marine birds. we measured essential and non-essential element concentrations in arctic tern (sterna paradisaea) liver tissue and brain tissue (mercury only) from canada's high arctic, and recorded the presence/absence of gastrointestinal parasites during four different phases of the breeding season. arctic terns from northern canada had similar trace element concentrations to other seabird species feeding at the ... | 2014 | 24472719 |
| toxicity of methylmercury injected into eggs of thick-billed murres and arctic terns. | mercury (hg) has been increasing in some marine birds in the canadian arctic over the past several decades. to evaluate the potential reproductive impact of hg exposure, eggs of two species of arctic-breeding seabirds, the thick-billed murre and arctic tern, were dosed with graded concentrations of methylmercury (mehg) and artificially incubated in the laboratory to determine species differences in sensitivity. based on the dose-response curves, the median lethal concentrations (lc(50)) for thic ... | 2012 | 22760665 |
| tracking of arctic terns sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration. | the study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. the arctic tern sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (<125 g), banding recoveries and at-sea surveys suggest that its annual migration from boreal and high arctic breeding grounds to the southern ocean may be the longest seasonal movement of any animal. our tracking of 11 arctic terns fitted with miniature (1.4-g) geolo ... | 2010 | 20080662 |
| agriculture, fertilizers and life history of a coastal seabird. | 1. leakage of fertilizers from farmland has affected levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in many coastal areas, reducing limitation of primary productivity with consequences for timing and magnitude of the annual peak in phytoplankton and zooplankton. such changes in nutrient availability may have affected temporal patterns of abundance of marine invertebrates and vertebrates that are the main prey of seabirds. 2. we investigated the extent to which changes in the use of fertilizers by farmers aff ... | 2007 | 17439468 |
| rapidly advancing laying date in a seabird and the changing advantage of early reproduction. | 1. bird ringing schemes have collected immense amounts of data on timing of breeding for over 100 years. these data provide an unexploited source of information on temporal change in breeding date. 2. we investigated changes in breeding date of the arctic tern sterna paradisaea pont. in denmark during 1929-98, using information on ringing date of young. 3. mean ringing date advanced by over 18 days during 70 years, while there was no temporal change in variance in date. 4. advanced mean ringing ... | 2006 | 16689948 |
| respiratory function of a unit of blood volume in the little auk (plautus alle) and the arctic tern (sterna paradisaea). | the indices of red blood were determined in nestlings and adults of plautus alle and adults of sterna paradisaea. all measured parameters varied significantly, but the amount of hb per unit area of erythrocytes did not change over the nestling development of p. alle. in adult p. alle, s. paradisaea and 12 compared species of birds from the temperate zone, the amount of hb per unit area of erythrocytes was very close. the mechanism determining the level of the respiratory function of a unit blood ... | 1987 | 2881642 |
| [egg-rolling motion in the arctic tern (sterna macrura naum.)]. | | 1966 | 5996866 |
| ecology of animal migration. | billions of animals are adapted to a travelling life, making regular return migrations between more or less distant living stations on earth by swimming, flying, running or walking (figure 1). extremely long migrations are completed annually by whales between calving areas in warmer waters and feeding areas at higher latitudes in either hemisphere. the longest oceanic migrations among sea turtles and fish are often undertaken by younger immature individuals during a period of several years befor ... | 2018 | 30205072 |
| combined bottom-up and top-down pressures drive catastrophic population declines of arctic skuas in scotland. | understanding drivers of population change is critical for effective species conservation. in the northeast atlantic ocean, recent changes amongst seabird communities are linked to human and climate change impacts on food webs. many species have declined severely, with food shortages, and increased predation reducing productivity. arctic skua stercorarius parasiticus, a kleptoparasite of other seabirds, is one such species. the aim of the study was to determine relative effects of bottom-up and ... | 2018 | 30155905 |
| hypotheses and tracking results about the longest migration: the case of the arctic tern. | the arctic tern sterna paradisaea completes the longest known annual return migration on earth, traveling between breeding sites in the northern arctic and temperate regions and survival/molt areas in the antarctic pack-ice zone. salomonsen (1967, biologiske meddelelser, copenhagen danske videnskabernes selskab, 24, 1) put forward a hypothetical comprehensive interpretation of this global migration pattern, suggesting food distribution, wind patterns, sea ice distribution, and molt habits as key ... | 2019 | 31534672 |
| arctic cleansing diet: sex-specific variation in the rapid elimination of contaminants by the world's champion migrant, the arctic tern. | contamination of arctic marine environments continues to be a concern for wildlife managers. because the arctic is a sink for the long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants (pops), many studies have detected high concentrations of pops in various arctic birds. in this study from high arctic canada, we show that male arctic terns (sterna paradisaea), which migrate from the antarctic to the arctic annually to breed, decline in concentrations of many hepatic pops through the breeding sea ... | 2019 | 31280153 |