| quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis, an economically important disease in cattle in some countries of africa and asia, is emerging in europe. the definitive host of besnoitia besnoiti, the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, is unknown and the transmission of the parasite is not completely understood. sensitive and quantitative dna detection methods are needed to determine whether serologically positive animals are infectious and to examine the role of vectors (e.g. haematophagous insects) in the transmissi ... | 2011 | 21324596 |
| serological evidence of besnoitia spp. infection in canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi. | bovine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia besnoiti, is considered to be emergent in europe and responsible for severe economic losses due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease but has not been reported in north america. besnoitia tarandi is a related species and it has been reported in reindeer and caribou from different locations of the arctic pole, including north america. diagnosis of clinical besnoitiosis is largely based on the recognition of dermal grossly visible tissue cys ... | 2012 | 22795672 |
| redescription of besnoitia tarandi (protozoa: apicomplexa) from the reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | besnoitia tarandi tissue cysts were found in naturally-infected reindeer (rangifer tarandus) from finland. infectivity of its tissue cysts, bradyzoites, and tachyzoites to animals and cell culture was studied. the bradyzoites and tissue cysts were not infectious to out-bred mice, rabbits or gerbils. when fed tissue cysts, neither cats nor dogs excreted oocysts. however, the parasite was lethal to interferon-gamma gene knock out mice irrespective of the route of inoculation. the parasite was grow ... | 2004 | 15491590 |
| proteomics reveals differences in protein abundance and highly similar antigenic profiles between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi. | besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi are two cyst-forming apicomplexan parasites of the genus besnoitia. b. besnoiti uses cattle as an intermediate host, in which it causes a disease that progresses in two sequential phases: the acute anasarca stage and the chronic scleroderma stage. reindeer and caribou act as intermediate hosts for b. tarandi, which causes clinical signs similar to those caused by b. besnoiti. previous studies demonstrated high molecular similarity, as determined by 18s an ... | 2014 | 25260331 |
| the role of wild ruminants as reservoirs of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis, a parasitic disease caused by besnoitia besnoiti, has been reported mainly in beef cattle raised under extensive pastoral systems and is considered to be re-emerging in western europe. horizontal transmission probably occurs either by means of blood sucking arthropods or as a consequence of direct contact between infected and non-infected cattle. however, the role that wild ruminants (e.g., red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus)) may play in the parasit ... | 2016 | 27198769 |
| genetic characterization of the causative agent of besnoitiosis in goats in iran on the basis of internal transcribed spacer rdna and its comparison with besnoitia species of other hosts. | this study was conducted to identify genetic characteristics of besnoitia spp. isolated from goat in iran. molecular analysis of two portions of nuclear ribosomal dna (its1 and its2) was used for the genetic characterization of the besnoitia species. comparison of the sequencing data of the iranian besnoitia samples obtained in the present study (genbank accession number hm008988) with those previously reported for other besnoitia spp. in the genbank database revealed a particularly close relati ... | 2010 | 20941630 |
| molecular biological comparison of different besnoitia species and stages from different countries. | besnoitia besnoiti tissue cysts from a recent outbreak in cattle in germany were characterized with respect to their internal transcribed spacer regions 1, 2, and 18s rdna gene sequences. these results were compared with own sequences of an israelian isolate of b. besnoiti and of besnoitia jellisoni cystozoites stored for years in liquid nitrogen. furthermore, material was studied that was obtained from white mice (balb/c) that had been successfully infected by intraperitoneal infection of fresh ... | 2010 | 20135147 |
| redescription of besnoitia bennetti (protozoa: apicomplexa) from the donkey (equus asinus). | besnoitia bennetti tissue cysts were found in four naturally-infected donkeys (equus asinus) from the usa. infectivity of its bradyzoites and tachyzoites to animals and cell culture was studied. the bradyzoites were not infectious to out-bred swiss webster mice, rabbits or gerbils. when fed tissue cysts, cats did not excrete oocysts. however, the parasite was infectious to interferon-gamma gene knock out mice. the parasite from tissues of two donkeys was grown successfully in bovine monocyte mon ... | 2005 | 15862579 |
| comparison of gross visual and microscopic assessment of four anatomic sites to monitor besnoitia tarandi in barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus). | the objective of this study was to establish a standardized protocol to monitor besnoitia tarandi prevalence and intensity in barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus) herds by: 1) calculating the relative sensitivity and specificity of the gross visual assessment of four anatomical sites compared with microscopic evaluation, and 2) determining which of four anatomical sampling sites was the most sensitive for detecting b. tarandi cysts by microscopy. sampled tissues consisted of the conjunctiva ... | 2012 | 22740539 |
| evidence for a recent population bottleneck in an apicomplexan parasite of caribou and reindeer, besnoitia tarandi. | the evolutionary history and epidemiology of parasites may be reflected in the extent and geographic distribution of their genetic variation. among coccidian parasites, the population structure of only toxoplasma gondii has been extensively examined. intraspecific variation in other coccidia, for example, those assigned to the genus besnoitia, remains poorly defined. here, we characterize the extent of genetic variation among populations of besnoitia tarandi, a parasite whose intermediate hosts ... | 2012 | 22742966 |
| variables associated with besnoitia tarandi prevalence and cyst density in barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus) populations. | besnoitia tarandi has been documented in free-ranging reindeer and caribou (rangifer tarandus spp.) since 1922 throughout their arctic and subarctic ranges; however, very little is known about its epidemiology. we evaluated variables associated with b. tarandi prevalence and cyst density with the use of barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus) from two migratory herds in northern quebec: the rivière-aux-feuilles and the rivière-george herds. diagnosis of infection was made upon the microscopic ... | 2013 | 23307369 |