| characterization of a 'bacteroidetes' symbiont in encarsia wasps (hymenoptera: aphelinidae): proposal of 'candidatus cardinium hertigii'. | previously, analysis of 16s rdna sequences placed a newly discovered lineage of bacterial symbionts of arthropods in the 'bacteroidetes'. this symbiont lineage is associated with a number of diverse host reproductive manipulations, including induction of parthenogenesis in several encarsia parasitoid wasps (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). in this study, electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna and gyrb genes of symbionts from encarsia hispida and encarsia pergandiella are used to ... | 2004 | 15143050 |
| distribution of the bacterial symbiont cardinium in arthropods. | abstract 'candidatus cardinium', a recently described bacterium from the bacteroidetes group, is involved in diverse reproduction alterations of its arthropod hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis and feminization. to estimate the incidence rate of cardinium and explore the limits of its host range, 99 insect and mite species were screened, using primers designed to amplify a portion of cardinium 16s ribosomal dna (rdna). these arthropods were also screened for the presen ... | 2004 | 15189221 |
| detection of 'candidatus cardinium' bacteria from the haploid host brevipalpus californicus (acari: tenuipalpidae) and effect on the host. | brevipalpus californicus (banks) was infected with 'candidatus cardinium' bacteria (cardinium). tetracycline-treated females produced many male progeny even though untreated females produced only female progeny. b. californicus appears to be feminized by cardinium. the values for net reproduction rate (r0), generation time (t) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) calculated for b. californicus were 7.48/day, 31.45 days and 0.064/day, respectively. the comparison of infected females with ... | 2005 | 16180076 |
| the evolution of cytoplasmic incompatibility types: integrating segregation, inbreeding and outbreeding. | cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is a reproductive incompatibility induced by maternally transmitted bacteria of the genera wolbachia and cardinium. in the simplest form of ci, offspring from infected males and uninfected females suffer from increased mortality. however, it has been noted that crosses between males and females carrying different strains of infection are often also incompatible. the evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of new ci-compatibility types are still not resolv ... | 2006 | 16361236 |
| a novel bacteroidetes symbiont is localized in scaphoideus titanus, the insect vector of flavescence dorée in vitis vinifera. | flavescence dorée (fd) is a grapevine disease that afflicts several wine production areas in europe, from portugal to serbia. fd is caused by a bacterium, "candidatus phytoplasma vitis," which is spread throughout the vineyards by a leafhopper, scaphoideus titanus (cicadellidae). after collection of s. titanus specimens from fd-contaminated vineyards in three different areas in the piedmont region of italy, we performed a survey to characterize the bacterial microflora associated with this insec ... | 2006 | 16461701 |
| identification and localization of a rickettsia sp. in bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae). | whiteflies (homoptera: aleyrodidae) are sap-sucking insects that harbor "candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum," an obligatory symbiotic bacterium which is housed in a special organ called the bacteriome. these insects are also home for a diverse facultative microbial community which may include hamiltonella, arsenophonus, fritchea, wolbachia, and cardinium spp. in this study, the bacteria associated with a b biotype of the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci were characterized using molecular fing ... | 2006 | 16672513 |
| 'candidatus paenicardinium endonii', an endosymbiont of the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera glycines (nemata: tylenchida), affiliated to the phylum bacteroidetes. | bacteria-like endosymbionts of females of the plant-parasitic nematodes globodera rostochiensis and heterodera goettingiana and juveniles of heterodera glycines were first observed during transmission electron microscopy (tem) studies conducted in the 1970s. these organisms were characterized as being rod-shaped, ranging in size from 0.3 to 0.5 microm in diameter and 1.8 to 3 microm in length and containing structures labelled as striated inclusion bodies or tubular structures. a population of h ... | 2006 | 16825653 |
| ultrastructure of a novel cardinium sp. symbiont in scaphoideus titanus (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | an ultrastructural study of the novel symbiont cardinium sp. was performed with particular attention to the description of the structure and organization of highly elaborated cytoplasmic complexes containing microtubule-like elements (mlc). three major components were observed. the first was a system of microtubule-like elements (ml) arranged in parallel array extending from the plasma membrane into the cytosol of the bacterium. the second, an fibrous electrondense plaque (fep), approximately 8 ... | 2006 | 16876837 |
| cardinium symbionts induce haploid thelytoky in most clones of three closely related brevipalpus species. | bacterial symbionts that manipulate the reproduction of their host to increase their own transmission are widespread. most of these bacteria are wolbachia, but recently a new bacterium, named cardinium, was discovered that is capable of the same manipulations. in the host species brevipalpus phoenicis (acari: tenuipalpidae) this bacterium induces thelytoky by feminizing unfertilized haploid eggs. the related species b. obovatus and b. californicus are thelytokous too, suggesting that they reprod ... | 2006 | 16900311 |
| cardinium symbionts cause cytoplasmic incompatibility in spider mites. | intracellular symbiotic bacteria belonging to the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides lineage have recently been described and are widely distributed in arthropod species. the newly discovered bacteria, named cardinium sp, cause the expression of various reproductive alterations in their arthropod hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), induction of parthenogenesis and feminization of genetic males. we detected 16s ribosomal dna sequences similar to those of cardinium from seven popu ... | 2007 | 17035954 |
| manipulation of oviposition choice of the parasitoid wasp, encarsia pergandiella, by the endosymbiotic bacterium cardinium. | reproductive manipulations of hosts by maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts often result in an increase in the proportion of infected female hosts in the population. when this involves the conversion of incipient males to genetic or functional females, it presents unique difficulties for symbionts invading hosts with sex-specific reproductive behaviours, such as the autoparasitic encarsia pergandiella. in sexual forms of this species, female eggs are laid in whitefly nymphs and male eggs ... | 2007 | 17305836 |
| wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in japanese populations of tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae). | intracellular bacteria of the genus wolbachia (alpha proteobacteria) induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) in many arthropod species, including spider mites, but not all wolbachia cause ci. in spider mites ci becomes apparent by a reduced egg hatchability and a lower daughter:son ratio: ci in haplodiploid organisms in general was expected to produce all-male offspring or a male-biased sex ratio without any death of eggs. in a previous study of japanese populations of tetranychus urticae, two o ... | 2007 | 17447012 |
| effects of temperature, storage period and the number of individuals on the detection of the false spider mite cardinium endosymbiont. | cardinium have been found as endosymbionts of brevipalpus phoenicis, the mite vector of the citrus leprosis virus. with the long-term objective being to understand the mechanisms of plant-virus-vector interactions, we evaluated the different storage conditions and periods, as well as the number of mites needed for pcr-amplification of such endosymbionts, making it possible to collect mites in different geographical regions without prolonged storage compromising subsequent analyses. | 2007 | 17447014 |
| cardinium in plagiomerus diaspidis (hymenoptera: encyrtidae). | the bacterial symbiont cardinium (bacteroidetes) was previously implicated in the thelytokous reproduction of the parasitoid plagiomerus diaspidis crawford (hymenoptera: encyrtidae). horizontal transmission of the symbiont among the cactus scale diaspis echinocacti bouché (homoptera: diaspididae) and its hymenopteran parasitoids has been suggested. in this study, the bacteria associated with d. echinocacti, its parasitoids p. diaspidis and aphytis sp. (hymenoptera: aphelinidae), and the hyperpar ... | 2007 | 17467732 |
| incidence of the endosymbionts wolbachia, cardinium and spiroplasma in phytoseiid mites and associated prey. | endosymbiotic bacteria that potentially influence reproduction and other fitness-related traits of their hosts are widespread in insects and mites and their appeal to researchers' interest is still increasing. we screened 20 strains of 12 agriculturally relevant herbivorous and predatory mite species for infection with wolbachia, cardinium and spiroplasma by the use of pcr. the majority of specimens originated from austria and were field collected or mass-reared. eight out of 20 strains (40%) te ... | 2007 | 17554631 |
| in situ observation of the cardinium symbionts of brevipalpus (acari: tenuipalpidae) by electron microscopy. | brevipalpus (acari: tenuipalpidae) mites are important pests on a variety of host plant species. the mites damage their hosts directly by feeding and some species also serve as vectors of plant viruses. among more than 200 described brevipalpus species, three are recognized as vectors of plant viruses: b. phoenicis, b. californicus and b. obovatus. these species occur worldwide in subtropical and tropical regions. brevipalpus mites reproduce mostly by thelytokous parthenogenesis and this conditi ... | 2007 | 17634867 |
| biotype-dependent secondary symbiont communities in sympatric populations of bemisia tabaci. | the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, harbors portiera aleyrodidarum, an obligatory symbiotic bacterium, as well as several secondary symbionts including rickettsia, hamiltonella, wolbachia, arsenophonus, cardinium and fritschea, the function of which is unknown. bemisia tabaci is a species complex composed of numerous biotypes, which may differ from each other both genetically and biologically. only the b and q biotypes have been reported from israel. secondary symbiont infection frequenci ... | 2007 | 17645822 |
| population biology of cytoplasmic incompatibility: maintenance and spread of cardinium symbionts in a parasitic wasp. | bacteria that cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) are perhaps the most widespread parasites of arthropods. ci symbionts cause reproductive failure when infected males mate with females that are either uninfected or infected with a different, incompatible strain. until recently, ci was known to be caused only by the alpha-proteobacterium wolbachia. here we present the first study of the population biology of cardinium, a recently discovered symbiont in the bacteroidetes that causes ci in the p ... | 2008 | 18245338 |
| high incidence of the maternally inherited bacterium cardinium in spiders. | inherited bacteria are now recognized as important players in arthropod evolution and ecology. here, we test spiders, a group recently identified as possessing inherited bacteria commonly, for the presence of two reproductive parasites, cardinium hertigii (bacteroidetes group) and wolbachia (alpha-proteobacteria), estimating incidence, prevalence, any sex bias in infection, and infection diversity, for a panel of field-collected specimens. we identify spiders as a hotspot for cardinium. present ... | 2008 | 18266629 |
| multiple symbiosis in the leafhopper scaphoideus titanus (hemiptera: cicadellidae): details of transovarial transmission of cardinium sp. and yeast-like endosymbionts. | scaphoideus titanus is the insect vector of flavescence dorée (fd), a yellow disease of grapevines. observations on adult females and nymphs of s. titanus showed that this insect is associated with a complex microbial community. ultrastructural analysis showed that the fat body, salivary glands and ovary of the insect harbour microorganisms showing the brush-like structure typically observed in the genus cardinium. in particular, it has been shown that these symbiotic bacteria are present both i ... | 2008 | 18272191 |
| inherited intracellular ecosystem: symbiotic bacteria share bacteriocytes in whiteflies. | symbiotic relationships with bacteria are common within the arthropoda, with interactions that substantially influence the biology of both partners. the symbionts' spatial distribution is essential for understanding key aspects of this relationship, such as bacterial transmission, phenotype, and dynamics. in this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to localize five secondary symbionts from various populations and biotypes of the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci: hamiltonella, ... | 2008 | 18285399 |
| origins of asexuality in bryobia mites (acari: tetranychidae). | obligate asexual reproduction is rare in the animal kingdom. generally, asexuals are considered evolutionary dead ends that are unable to radiate. the phytophagous mite genus bryobia contains a large number of asexual species. in this study, we investigate the origin and evolution of asexuality using samples from 111 populations in europe, south africa and the united states, belonging to eleven bryobia species. we also examine intraspecific clonal diversity for one species, b. kissophila, by gen ... | 2008 | 18489749 |
| the diversity of reproductive parasites among arthropods: wolbachia do not walk alone. | inherited bacteria have come to be recognised as important components of arthropod biology. in addition to mutualistic symbioses, a range of other inherited bacteria are known to act either as reproductive parasites or as secondary symbionts. whilst the incidence of the alpha-proteobacterium wolbachia is relatively well established, the current knowledge of other inherited bacteria is much weaker. here, we tested 136 arthropod species for a range of inherited bacteria known to demonstrate reprod ... | 2008 | 18577218 |
| effects of radiation (cobalt-60) on the elimination of brevipalpus phoenicis (acari: tenuipalpidae) cardinium endosymbiont. | brevipalpus phoenicis (geijskes) (acari: tenuipalpidae) is a polyphagous mite with worldwide distribution and it is also a vector of several plant viruses. in citrus, b. phoenicis transmits citrus leprosis virus (cilv), the causal agent of leprosis, a disease that costs millions of dollars per year for its prevention and control. brevipalpus phoenicis mites reproduce through thelytokous parthenogenesis, producing haploid females. this characteristic is attributable to the presence of an endosymb ... | 2008 | 18648995 |
| a new cytogenetic mechanism for bacterial endosymbiont-induced parthenogenesis in hymenoptera. | vertically transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria, such as wolbachia, cardinium and rickettsia, modify host reproduction in several ways to facilitate their own spread. one such modification results in parthenogenesis induction, where males, which are unable to transmit the bacteria, are not produced. in hymenoptera, the mechanism of diploidization due to wolbachia infection, known as gamete duplication, is a post-meiotic modification. during gamete duplication, the meiotic mechanism is normal, but ... | 2008 | 18713719 |
| verified and potential pathogens of predatory mites (acari: phytoseiidae). | several species of phytoseiid mites (acari: phytoseiidae), including species of the genera amblyseius, galendromus, metaseiulus, neoseiulus, phytoseiulus and typhlodromus, are currently reared for biological control of various crop pests and/or as model organisms for the study of predator-prey interactions. pathogen-free phytoseiid mites are important to obtain high efficacy in biological pest control and to get reliable data in mite research, as pathogens may affect the performance of their hos ... | 2008 | 18763041 |
| effects of removal of cardinium infection on fitness of the stored-product pest liposcelis bostrychophila (psocoptera: liposcelididae). | endosymbiotic bacteria that potentially influence reproduction and other fitness-related traits of their hosts are widespread in arthropods, and their appeal to researchers' interest is still increasing. in this study, the effects of removal of cardinium infection on development, survival, and reproduction of liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel (psocoptera: liposcelididae) were investigated in the laboratory. the cardinium-free strain was obtained by the removal of cardinium infection by using 1% ... | 2008 | 18950056 |
| bacterial taxa associated with the hematophagous mite dermanyssus gallinae detected by 16s rrna pcr amplification and ttge fingerprinting. | dermanyssus gallinae (arthropoda, mesostigmata) is suspected to be involved in the transmission of a wide variety of pathogens, but nothing is known about its associated non-pathogenic bacterial community. to address this question, we examined the composition of bacterial communities in d. gallinae collected from standard poultry farms in brittany, france. genetic fingerprints of bacterial communities were generated by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) separation of indivi ... | 2009 | 19027065 |
| endosymbiotic bacteria living inside the poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae). | this study investigated the endosymbiotic bacteria living inside the poultry red mite collected from five samples of one commercial farm from the uk and 16 farms from france using genus-specific pcr, pcr-ttge and dna sequencing. endosymbiotic bacteria are intracellular obligate organisms that can cause several phenotypic and reproductive anomalies to their host and they are found widespread living inside arthropods. the farm sampled from the uk was positive for bacteria of the genera cardinium s ... | 2009 | 19145467 |
| feminization and the collapse of haplodiploidy in an asexual parasitoid wasp harboring the bacterial symbiont cardinium. | cardinium is a bacterial symbiont infecting many species of arthropods, and is associated with manipulation of host reproduction. cardinium is the causal agent of asexual reproduction, or thelytoky, in the chalcidoid parasitoid wasp encarsia hispida. feeding antibiotics to the infected adult females results in uninfected male offspring. here, we show that these males are diploid. diploid males are extremely unusual in the large hymenopteran superfamily chalcidoidea, and, to our knowledge, have n ... | 2009 | 19190669 |
| cytoplasmic incompatibility in the parasitic wasp encarsia inaron: disentangling the roles of cardinium and wolbachia symbionts. | many bacterial endosymbionts of insects are capable of manipulating their host's reproduction for their own benefit. the most common strategy of manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), in which embryonic mortality results from matings between uninfected females and infected males. in contrast, embryos develop normally in infected females, whether or not their mate is infected, and infected progeny are produced. in this way, the proportion of infected females increases in the insect pop ... | 2009 | 19223921 |
| the effects of, and interactions between, cardinium and wolbachia in the doubly infected spider mite bryobia sarothamni. | many arthropods are infected with vertically transmitted, intracellular bacteria manipulating their host's reproduction. cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is commonly observed and is expressed as a reduction in the number of offspring in crosses between infected males and uninfected females (or females infected with a different bacterial strain). ci is often related to the presence of wolbachia, but recent findings indicate that a second reproductive parasite, cardinium, is also capable of induci ... | 2009 | 19223923 |
| incidence of wolbachia and cardinium endosymbionts in the osmia community in korea. | sex ratio distorting endosymbionts induce reproductive anomalies in their arthropod hosts. they have recently been paid much attention as firstly texts of evolution of host-symbiont relationships and secondly potential biological control agents to control arthropod pests. among such organisms, wolbachia and cardinium bacteria are well characterized. this study aims at probing such bacteria in the osmia community to evaluate their potential utilization to control arthropod pests. among 17 pcr tes ... | 2009 | 19229488 |
| no sex in fungus-farming ants or their crops. | asexual reproduction imposes evolutionary handicaps on asexual species, rendering them prone to extinction, because asexual reproduction generates novel genotypes and purges deleterious mutations at lower rates than sexual reproduction. here, we report the first case of complete asexuality in ants, the fungus-growing ant mycocepurus smithii, where queens reproduce asexually but workers are sterile, which is doubly enigmatic because the clonal colonies of m. smithii also depend on clonal fungi fo ... | 2009 | 19369264 |
| prevalence of cardinium bacteria in planthoppers and spider mites and taxonomic revision of "candidatus cardinium hertigii" based on detection of a new cardinium group from biting midges. | cardinium bacteria, members of the phylum cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides (cfb), are intracellular bacteria in arthropods that are capable of inducing reproductive abnormalities in their hosts, which include parasitic wasps, mites, and spiders. a high frequency of cardinium infection was detected in planthoppers (27 out of 57 species were infected). a high frequency of cardinium infection was also found in spider mites (9 out of 22 species were infected). frequencies of double infection by ... | 2009 | 19734338 |
| population dynamics and rapid spread of cardinium, a bacterial endosymbiont causing cytoplasmic incompatibility in encarsia pergandiella (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). | cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is a common phenotype of maternally inherited bacterial symbionts of arthropods; in its simplest expression, uninfected females produce few or no viable progeny when mated to infected males. infected females thus experience a reproductive advantage relative to that of uninfected females, with the potential for the symbiont to spread rapidly. ci population dynamics are predicted to depend primarily on the strength of incompatibility, the fitness cost of the infect ... | 2010 | 19812617 |
| genome sequence of the endosymbiont rickettsia peacockii and comparison with virulent rickettsia rickettsii: identification of virulence factors. | rickettsia peacockii, also known as the east side agent, is a non-pathogenic obligate intracellular bacterium found as an endosymbiont in dermacentor andersoni ticks in the western usa and canada. its presence in ticks is correlated with reduced prevalence of rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of rocky mountain spotted fever. it has been proposed that a virulent sfg rickettsia underwent changes to become the east side agent. we determined the genome sequence of r. peacockii and provide a compariso ... | 2009 | 20027221 |
| pervasive associations between cybaeus spiders and the bacterial symbiont cardinium. | cardinium is a recently discovered maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont in the bacteroidetes that has thus far been documented in five arthropod orders. while its effects on his hosts are largely unknown, a few strains have been shown to manipulate host reproduction in parasitic wasps and in mites, either by transforming males into females, or by causing mating incompatibilities between infected males and uninfected males. cardinium has recently been reported to be widespread in spiders ... | 2010 | 20035767 |
| co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species. | whiteflies are cosmopolitan phloem-feeding pests that cause serious damage to many crops worldwide due to direct feeding and vectoring of many plant viruses. the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) and the greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) are two of the most widespread and damaging whitefly species. to complete their unbalanced diet, whiteflies harbor the obligatory bacterium portiera aleyrodidarum. b. tabaci further harbors a diverse array of secondary symbio ... | 2010 | 20462452 |
| a divergent cardinium found in daddy long-legs (arachnida: opiliones). | recent studies indicate that a newly described bacterial endosymbiont, cardinium, is widespread in arthropods and induces different reproductive manipulations in hosts. in this study, we used a portion of the 16s rrna gene of the cardinium to screen 16 opilionid species from the suborder palptores. we found the incidence of cardinium in these opiliones was significantly higher than in other pooled arthropods (31.2% versus 7.2%, p=0.007). phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony (mp) and bay ... | 2010 | 20515696 |
| endosymbiont costs and benefits in a parasitoid infected with both wolbachia and cardinium. | theory suggests that maternally inherited endosymbionts can promote their spread and persistence in host populations by enhancing the production of daughters by infected hosts, either by improving overall host fitness, or through reproductive manipulation. in the doubly infected parasitoid wasp encarsia inaron, wolbachia manipulates host reproduction through cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), but cardinium does not. we investigated the fitness costs and/or benefits of infection by each bacterium ... | 2011 | 20606691 |
| multiple endosymbionts in populations of the ant formica cinerea. | many insects, including ants, are infected by maternally inherited wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria though other secondary endosymbionts have not been reported in ants. it has been suggested that the ability of wolbachia to invade and remain in an ant population depends on the number of coexisting queens in a colony. we study the genetic and social structure of populations in the ant formica cinerea which is known to have populations with either monogynous or polygynous colonies. we screen popul ... | 2010 | 21040533 |
| bacterial endosymbiont localization in hyalesthes obsoletus, the insect vector of bois noir in vitis vinifera. | one emerging disease of grapevine in europe is bois noir (bn), a phytoplasmosis caused by "candidatus phytoplasma solani" and spread in vineyards by the planthopper hyalesthes obsoletus (hemiptera: cixiidae). here we present the first full characterization of the bacterial community of this important disease vector collected from bn-contaminated areas in piedmont, italy. length heterogeneity pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis targeting the 16s rrna gene revealed the presenc ... | 2010 | 21183640 |
| spiders do not escape reproductive manipulations by wolbachia. | maternally inherited bacteria that reside obligatorily or facultatively in arthropods can increase their prevalence in the population by altering their hosts' reproduction. such reproductive manipulations have been reported from the major arthropod groups such as insects (in particular hymenopterans, butterflies, dipterans and beetles), crustaceans (isopods) and mites. despite the observation that endosymbiont bacteria are frequently encountered in spiders and that the sex ratio of particular sp ... | 2011 | 21235755 |
| further insights into the strange role of bacterial endosymbionts in whitefly, bemisia tabaci: comparison of secondary symbionts from biotypes b and q in china. | the percentage infection of secondary symbionts (ss) (wolbachia, arsenophonus, rickettsia, hamiltonella, fritschea and cardinium) in the exotic bemisia tabaci (genn.) invaders, commonly known as biotypes b and q from china, were determined by pcr. in total, 373 biotype b and 1830 biotype q individuals were screened for the presence of ss. biotype b was more abundant than biotype q from 2005 to 2006, and biotype q was more abundant from 2007 to 2009. each of the ss, with the exception of fritsche ... | 2011 | 21329550 |
| a cardinium-like symbiont in the proturan acerella muscorum (hexapoda). | endosymbionts of the cardinium-like genus are described in the testes and other tissues of the proturan acerella muscorum (ionescu). few endosymbionts are present in the large apical cells of functional testes, but they become numerous at the end of the reproductive cycle. they are also found within sperm cells where induce their degeneration. the gram-negative endosymbionts are characterized by the presence of microtubule-like structures (mlc) in their cytoplasm. it is suggested a possible role ... | 2011 | 21334706 |
| differentially expressed genes in silkworm cell cultures in response to infection by wolbachia and cardinium endosymbionts. | wolbachia and cardinium are bacterial endosymbionts that are widely distributed amongst arthropods. both cause reproductive alterations, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis and feminization. here we studied differentially expressed genes in wolbachia- and cardinium-infected bm-aff3 silkworm cells using a silkworm microarray. wolbachia infection did not alter gene expression or induce or suppress immune responses. in contrast, cardinium infection induced many immune-related genes ... | 2011 | 21349119 |
| symbiont diversity and non-random hybridization among indigenous (ms) and invasive (b) biotypes of bemisia tabaci. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a worldwide pest and a vector of numerous plant viruses. b. tabaci is composed of dozens of morphologically indistinguishable biotypes and its taxonomic status is still controversial. this phloem-feeder harbours the primary symbiont portiera aleyrodidarum and potentially six secondary symbionts: cardinium, arsenophonus, hamiltonella, rickettsia, wolbachia and fritschea. in the southwest indian ocean, la réunion hosts two biotypes of this sp ... | 2011 | 21476990 |
| [symbiotic bacteria, which modify reproduction processes of drosophila melanogaster]. | cytoplasmic bacteria-symbionts are actively investigated all over the world for the last ten years. the scale of their spreading in natural and laboratory populations of invertebrates, especially arthropods, is impressing scientists' imagination. ways of their intraspecific and interspecific transmission are various. the nature and mechanisms of their interaction both between themselves and with their hosts are extremely diverse. cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, male-killing, femini ... | 2011 | 21598659 |
| a fluorescent-based method for rapid wolbachia detection in the drosophila germline and somatic tissues. | wolbachia is a globally distributed bacterial endosymbiont present in arthropods and nematodes. the advent of sensitive pcr-based approaches has greatly facilitated the identification of wolbachia-infected individuals and analysis of populations infection levels. here, a complementary visual fluorescence-based wolbachia screening approach is described. through the use of the fluorescent-dye syto-11, wolbachia can be efficiently detected in various insect tissues, including ovaries. syto-11 also ... | 2011 | 21622788 |
| Extended starvation reduced and eliminated Wolbachia, but not Cardinium, from Metaseiulus occidentalis females (Acari: Phytoseiidae): A need to reassess Wolbachia's status in this predatory mite? | The presence of Wolbachia and Cardinium bacteria has been documented in many arthropod species, including the predatory mite Metaseiulus (=Typhlodromus or Galendomus) occidentalis (Nesbitt) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). We show that Tetranychus urticae, the prey of Metaseiulus occidentalis, contains Wolbachia and no detectable Cardinium using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Starvation for 72h at 22°C eliminated most, if not all, Wolbachia in M. occidentalis adult females from 7 laboratory colonies. Refeeding ... | 2012 | 21946455 |
| Detection and Identification of Species-Specific Bacteria Associated with Synanthropic Mites. | Internal bacterial communities of synanthropic mites Acarus siro, Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Astigmata) were analyzed by culturing and culture-independent approaches from specimens obtained from laboratory colonies. Homogenates of surface-sterilized mites were used for cultivation on non-selective agar and DNA extraction. Isolated bacteria were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. PCR amplified 16S rRNA genes were analyzed b ... | 2011 | 22057398 |
| molecular characterization of bemisia tabaci populations in tunisia: genetic structure and evidence for multiple acquisition of secondary symbionts. | a survey was conducted during 2009-2010 seasons to identify the distribution of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotypes in tunisia. the genetic affiliation of collected populations was determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (taqi) of the mitochondrial cytochrom oxidase i (mtcoi) gene. results, validated by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, allowed the clustering of sampled sweetpotato whiteflies into b and q biotypes. as b. tabaci harbors the obli ... | 2011 | 22251681 |