| restriction endonuclease analysis and mapping of the genomes of granulosis viruses isolated from xestia c-nigrum and five other noctuid species. | restriction endonuclease analysis was performed on the genomic dna of granulosis viruses isolated from noctuid species of six genera: xestia c-nigrum, autographa gamma, hydraecia amurensis, celaena leucostigma, aletia pallens and pseudaletia separata. all of the isolates gave very similar restriction endonuclease profiles with only minor variations. an isolate obtained from x. c-nigrum was chosen as the reference genotype, and a genomic library was constructed for this isolate using plasmid vect ... | 1992 | 1607867 |
| isolation and primary structure of a novel pheromonotropic neuropeptide structurally related to leucopyrokinin from the armyworm larvae, pseudaletia separata. | a novel pheromonotropic neuropeptide has been isolated from a head extract of the armyworm larvae, pseudaletia separata, by a seven step purification procedure using an in vivo assay with decapitated female moths of bombyx mori. amino acid sequence analysis and comparison with synthetic peptides established the primary structure of the peptide, termed pseudaletia pheromonotropin (pss pt), as h-lys-leu-ser-tyr-asp-asp-lys-val-phe-glu-asn-val-glu-phe-thr-pro-arg-le u-nh2. pss pt is structurally re ... | 1992 | 1734867 |
| structure of a growth-blocking peptide present in parasitized insect hemolymph. | last instar larvae of the insect armyworm, pseudaletia separata, parasitized with the parasitoid wasp, apanteles kariyai, do not initiate metamorphosis and, ultimately, the wasp larvae emerge from the host larvae about 10 days after parasitization (tanaka, t., agui, n., and hiruma, k. (1987) gen. comp. endocrinol. 67, 364-374). it is necessary for the parasitoid wasp to perturb the armyworm's endocrinological processes that control normal metamorphosis from larvae to pupae. this endocrinological ... | 1991 | 2022627 |
| replication of an entomopoxvirus in two lepidopteran cell lines. | pseudaletia separata entomopoxvirus replicated in two lepidopteran cell lines, sie-msh-805-f and bm-n. microscopic examination, and the virus passage tests, of infected cultures indicated that the virus replicated more readily in the former cell line. virus release by exocytosis occurred in both cell lines. a sequence of virus morphogenesis in the cultured cells was described, based on electron microscopic observations of thin sections. the nucleus of infected cells contained spherical inclusion ... | 1990 | 2273288 |
| cloning and expression of delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis in escherichia coli. | fragments (larger than 4 kb) of partially sau 3ai-digested plasmid dna from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae 7404 and kurstaki hd-1 were cloned into the bamh i site of pbr322. four transformants, containing the corresponding delta-endotoxin gene and producing proteins that reacted with antiserum against crystalline protein, were selected on the basis of results from in situ colony hybridization, radioimmunologic screening, and western blot analysis. three of those tested, i.e., the lysates o ... | 1989 | 2562364 |
| susceptibility of larvae of the army worm, pseudaletia separata walker, (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to various doses of its nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | | 1974 | 4611910 |
| [studies on the structure of viruses. i. an electron microscopic study of the morphology and structure of "virus bundle" of the polyhedral virus (nuclear type) of armyworm, leucania separata walker]. | | 1965 | 5296123 |
| [experimental studies on the lipase activity and lipid contents in the armyworm, leucania separata walker]. | | 1965 | 5296124 |
| possible involvement of an enzymatic system for superoxide generation in lepidopteran larval haemolymph. | the superoxide generative system in pseudaletia separata larval haemolymph plasma was shown to consist of at least two components, low (lmf) and high (hmf) molecular weight factors using ultrafiltration, dialysis, and gel filtration. the lmf was concluded to be a molecule(s) smaller than 5 kda while the hmf to be a protein(s) larger than 100 kda. the total amount of superoxide produced depended on the amount of lmf and was independent of that of hmf added to the reaction mixture. both the lmf an ... | 1995 | 7655054 |
| replication of a mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a newly established mamestra brassicae cell line. | a continuous cell line, designated mbl-3, was newly established from minced neonate larvae of the cabbage armyworm, mamestra brassicae. this new cell line is heteroploid, containing triploid cells predominantly at the frequency of about 50%. doubling time of the cell population is 33 hrs. the akutsu isolate of a mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mbnpv) was examined for replication in 16 continuous cell lines, including the cell line mbl-3, from seven lepidoptera species: mamestra br ... | 1995 | 8578995 |
| [sequencing of polyhedrin gene of leucania separata multiple capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus by silver sequencing system]. | the genome of lsnpv was digested with ecorv and cloned into pbluescript. with the partial polyhedrin gene of autographa californica as a probe, positive recombinants were screened by colony in situ hybridization, further characterized by sequencing, and designated as plsev and plsph5. the intact 741 bp polyhedrin gene of lsnpv is located on the two recombinants revealed by silver sequencing system, and shares 80.0% and 97.0% nucleotide identity of the coding sequence, 87.8% and 97.5% amino acid ... | 1995 | 8701583 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene for an enhancing factor from pseudaletia separata entomopoxvirus. | an enhancing factor (ef) has been shown to increase the susceptibility of the armyworm, pseudaletia separata, to this nuclear polyhedrosis virus. using amino acid microsequencing data obtained from the purified ef protein, we cloned and sequenced the gene for ef. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited a significant similarity to major spindle proteins, fusolins, whose function is unknown, from heliothis armigera, choristoneura biennis and melolontha melolontha entomopoxviruses. | 1996 | 8921880 |
| characterization of polydnavirus-encoded mrna in parasitized armyworm larvae. | we have isolated five cdna clones encoding cotesia kariyai polydnavirus (ckpdv) mrnas transcribed in parasitized host larvae of pseudaletia separata. one of the cdnas encoding the longest 2.0 kb ckpdv mrna was sequenced and characterized. southern hybridization analyses using the cloned cdna as a probe showed that ckpdv mrna was homologous to one of ckpdv dna segments, 5.6 kbp dna segment a. the 2.0-kb mrna was demonstrated as being expressed in the parasitized host larvae by northern-blot analy ... | 1996 | 8969465 |
| detection of a virus enhancing factor in the spheroid, spindle, and virion of an entomopoxvirus. | spheroids, spindles, and virions of an entomopoxvirus (epv) enhanced the infectivity of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) when they were perorally administered to larvae of the armyworm, pseudaletia separata. spheroids and spindles at the same dose exhibited nearly the same enhancing activity. when the dose of spheroids or spindles was reduced 10 times, the median infectious dose of the npv was increased approximately 100 times. an antiserum against an enhancing factor detected the homologous a ... | 1998 | 9647705 |
| effect of culture medium on the in vitro secretion activity of prothoracic glands from pseudaletia separata. | the prothoracic glands (pgs) taken from the last instar of the common armyworm, pseudaletia separata, were cultured in various media for the purpose of finding a suitable medium for relatively long-term culture of pgs. among the tested culture media, mgm-450 medium without serum was the best to maintain pg cells viable for relatively long periods, and to continue to secrete ecdysteroids. secretion of ecdysteroid by the pg in vitro became marked when the pg was taken from last instar larvae older ... | 1998 | 9658560 |
| replication of spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus in permissive and non-permissive lepidopteran cell lines. | the spodoptera exigua multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) was inoculated to eight lepidopteran cell lines derived from spodoptera exigua (se301), spodoptera frugiperda (sf21aeii), spodoptera littoralis (cls-79), spodoptera litura (spli-221), pseudaletia separata (lese-11), trichoplusia ni (hi-5), plutella xylostella (pxl/c) and bombyx mori (bmn4). the productive infection of semnpv was observed only in se301 cells. however, a dot-blot hybridization analysis revealed that semnpv dna r ... | 1998 | 10358729 |
| synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships of new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. | fourteen new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, namely (i) six 2-[2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-cyclopropyl]-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and (ii) eight 2-substituted-phenoxymethyl-5-substituted-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, were synthesized and evaluated for their insect growth regulatory activity against second-instar larvae of armyworm (pseudaletia separata walker). two of these compounds (7 and 8) showed good insecticidal activities, with lc(50) values of 14.33 and 15.85 microg/ml, respe ... | 2001 | 11170568 |
| identification of apoptosis-inhibiting gene in leucania separata nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a novel gene lsp40 from leucania separata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (lsnpv) which was homologous to the p35 gene from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was localized in the ecorv-5.5 kb fragment of lsnpv genome dna and was sequenced. the open reading frame (orf) of lsp40 was 906 bp long and encoded an approximately 40 kda peptide consisting of 302 amino acid residues. the isp40 shares 80.4% and 70.4% identity of nucleotide and amino acid sequence, respectively, to the ac ... | 2001 | 11765917 |
| the parasitoid apanteles kariyai inhibits pupation of its host, pseudaletia separata, via disruption of prothoracicotropic hormone release. | when the parasitoid apanteles kariyai laid eggs into host pseudaletia separata larvae, before prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) was released in the last instar preparatory to metamorphosis, the host did not pupate and the larvae of the wasps emerged. the ecdysteroid titer of unparasitized intact larvae increased up to 1 microgram/ml 1 day before pupation, whereas the titer of parasitized larvae was maintained at a low level without the surge. isolated prothoracic glands from intact larvae synthe ... | 1987 | 3666412 |
| [presence of flagellar antigenic subfactors in serotype 1 of bacillus thuringiensis]. | the strain g was isolated from a dead army worm (leucania separata walker) in corn field, at hebei. it has the typical morphological characteristics of bacillus thuringiensis. the serological analysis showed that the flagellar suspensions of the strain g was agglutinated only by the antisera against the h1 antigen and not by the antisera against the other 22 known h-antigens. the agglutination titre was 1:6,400. the flagellar suspension of the serotype 1, subsp. thuringiensis, was agglutinated b ... | 1990 | 2360326 |
| a putative new juvenile peptide hormone in lepidopteran insects. | a growth-blocking peptide (gbp) with repressive activity against juvenile hormone (jh) esterase has been isolated from the last (6th) instar larval plasma of the armyworm pseudaletia separata (lepidoptera: noctuidae) parasitized by the parasitoid wasp apanteles kariyai (hymenoptera: braconidae) (1,2). this study demonstrates that gbp not only exists in the plasma of parasitized last instar larvae, but also in the plasma of unparasitized penultimate (5th) instar larvae, while the plasma of last i ... | 1992 | 1627136 |
| pheromone metabolism in male pseudaletia separata (walk.) and mamsetra configurata (walk.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | | 1975 | 1122725 |
| sequencing and structural analysis of a novel early-late gene of the leucania separata nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | | 1996 | 12237712 |
| envelope protein of parasitic wasp symbiont virus, polydnavirus, protects the wasp eggs from cellular immune reactions by the host insect. | cotesia kariyai polydnavirus (ckpdv) virions are present in the oviducts of c. kariyai wasp and are injected with eggs into the hemocoel of the host armyworm pseudaletia separata larvae during parasitization. evidence that the presence of polydnavirus particles on the surface of the wasp eggs may be essential for prevention of cellular immune reactions by the host hemocytes was obtained by isolating an immunoevasive factor from ckpdv virions. the purified proteinaceous factor protects foreign ma ... | 1997 | 9219544 |
| growth-blocking peptide titer during larval development of parasitized and cold-stressed armyworm. | growth-blocking peptide (gbp) has been isolated for the first time from the haemolymph of the host armyworm pseudaletia separata whose development was halted in the last larval instar stage by parasitization with the parasitoid wasp cotesia kariyai. recent studies demonstrated that gbp not only exists in the plasma (haemolymph without cells) of parasitized last instar larvae, but also in the plasma of nonparasitized penultimate (5th) instar larvae. monoclonal antibodies were prepared to measure ... | 1995 | 8580912 |
| nucleotide sequence of a 1446 base pair sali fragment and structure of a novel early gene of leucania separata nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a 1446 bp sali fragment of lsnpv was sequenced by the silver staining method, and two large open reading frames (orfs, orf1 and orf2) were found, both contain typical characteristics of the 5' regulatory elements of baculovirus early genes. orf1 is 345 bp long with the capacity to encode a putative protein of 114 amino acid residues with mw about 13 kda and was designated p13 gene, orf2 comprises 248 bp from the 3' end of the fragment. in the untranslated region (utr) of orf1, a 33 bp mini cistr ... | 1995 | 8572949 |
| inclusion of a beta-aspartyl peptide bond causes the loss of inherent physiological activities. | growth-blocking peptide (gbp) is a peptide which was initially isolated from the plasma of last instar larvae of the insect armyworm, pseudaletia separata, parasitized by the parasitoid wasp, cotesia kariyai. a standard gbp acid, a free carboxyl terminal gbp, was synthesized by solid phase methods, using 7-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (fmoc) and tert-butyloxycarbonyl (boc) amino acids, respectively. the peptide synthesized using boc amino acids gave the expected structure of gbp, while approximately ... | 1994 | 8188623 |
| mechanism of parasitism-induced elevation of haemolymph growth-blocking peptide levels in host insect larvae (pseudaletia separata). | growth-blocking peptide (gbp) has been purified for the first time from the haemolymph of the host armyworm pseudaletia separata whose growth is inhibited and shows developmental arrest in the last larval instar stage when parasitized by the parasitoid wasp cotesia kariyai. gbp naturally occurs in the haemolymph of lepidopteran larvae but its concentration is very low during the last larval instar in comparison with that in the penultimate larval instar. however, by 24h after parasitization or p ... | 1998 | 12769880 |
| venom of ectoparasitoid, euplectrus sp near plathypenae (hymenoptera: eulophidae) regulates the physiological state of pseudaletia separata (lepidoptera: noctuidae) host as a food resource. | euplectrus sp. near plathypenae is an ectoparasitoid that can parasitize from 3rd to day 0-6th instar pseudaletia separata. the developmental period of the parasitoid from the egg to the pupal stage is about 13 days. parasitized hosts are developmentally arrested and never molt to the next stadium. the injection of venom fluid results in similar effects on p. separata larvae as does parasitization. the inhibitory effect of the venom on molting was dose dependent. injection of 0.3 female equivale ... | 2003 | 12770008 |
| cellular immunosuppressive protein in the plasma of parasitized insect larvae. | evidence that endoparsitoid wasps may suppress the host cellular defense reaction in order to survive within the hemocoel of their host insects was obtained by isolating a cellular immunosuppressive factor from the larval plasma (hemolymph without cells) of the armyworm pseudaletia separata parasitized with the wasp cotesia kariyai. the purified proteinaceous factor suppresses hemocyte degranulation and subsequent immune reactions such as nodule formation and encapsulation in the armyworm larvae ... | 1994 | 8182060 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of cdna for insect biogenic peptide, growth-blocking peptide. | growth-blocking peptide (gbp) is an insect biogenic peptide that prevents the onset of metamorphosis from larva to pupa. a cdna coding for gbp is described. mixed oligonucleotides derived from a gbp peptide sequence were used to generate amplified dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). based on the sequence of the amplified dna, a 41 bases oligonucleotide was designed for screening a cdna library which was constructed from the armyworm pseudaletia separata larvae parasitized with the parasi ... | 1995 | 7498538 |
| morphological changes in haemocytes of the host, pseudaletia separata, parasitized by microplitis mediator or apanteles kariyai. | the granular cells of the host pseudaletia separata were associated with the initial recognition of foreign materials. when the host was parasitized by microplitis mediator, the filopodial elongation of the haemocytes was strongly suppressed. an inhibition of filopodial elongation was also observed following injection of the calyx and venom fluids of m. mediator. the reduction in the encapsulation capacity of parasitized hosts was confirmed by the experimental injection of sephadex particles and ... | 1987 | 3595946 |
| a pheromonotropic peptide of helicoverpa zea, with melanizing activity, interaction with pban, and distribution of immunoreactivity. | the sequence of an 18-amino acid residue peptide was deduced from the gene encoding pban and other peptides with common c-termini in helicoverpa zea. the peptide caused melanization in larvae and pheromone production in females of h. zea, and was designated pheromonotropic melanizing peptide (hez-pmp). the peptide has a 83% sequence homology with a pheromonotropic peptide isolated from pseudaletia separata. pmp caused melanization and mortality when injected into larvae just before molting. wher ... | 2003 | 12886513 |
| juvenile hormone esterase activity repressive factor in the plasma of parasitized insect larvae. | a proteinaceous factor that represses plasma juvenile hormone esterase activity in parasitized insect larvae has been isolated and partially characterized from last instar larvae of the armyworm pseudaletia separata parasitized with the wasp apantales kariyai. purification procedures consisted of extraction with 25% ethanol, gel filtration and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. plasma juvenile hormone esterase activity in day 3 last instar larvae was repressed by 50% when lar ... | 1990 | 2358440 |
| the toxic and anti-feedant activity of 2h-pyridazin-3-one-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles against the armyworm pseudaletia separata (walker) and other insects and mites. | the toxicities and anti-feedant activities of thirteen asymmetrical 1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing a 2h-pyridazin-3-one group were investigated. the compounds were shown to possess considerable activity in retarding the development of larvae of a number of lepidoptera, but they were all inactive against homoptera, diptera and acarina. the compounds had powerful anti-feedant activity comparable with that of azadirachtin. the toxic symptoms of the poisoned larvae indicated that the compounds were no ... | 2003 | 12916775 |
| isolation of a protein lethal to the endoparasitoid cotesia kariyai from entomopoxvirus-infected larvae of mythimna separata. | virion-free plasma from entomopoxvirus (myseepv)-infected larvae of the armyworm, mythimna separata, contains a factor that adversely affects the survival of the gregarious braconid endoparasitoid, cotesia kariyai. heating or proteinase k treatment eliminates the toxic effect of virion-free plasma on the parasitoid, suggesting that the lethal factor is a protein. we purified the protein lethal to c. kariyai larvae (plck) from the virion-free plasma of myseepv-infected m. separata larvae by a thr ... | 2002 | 11891132 |
| oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory control in the mitochondria isolated from the flight muscle of the armyworm moth, leucania separata walker. | | 1964 | 14168951 |
| a bacterially produced virus enhancing factor from an entomopoxvirus enhances nucleopolyhedrovirus infection in armyworm larvae. | using an escherichia coli expression system, pgex-2t, that expresses foreign sequences as fusion proteins with a glutathione s-transferase (gst) carrier, we have expressed a virus enhancing factor (ef) from pseudaletia separata entomopoxvirus, which enhances p. unipuncta multi nucleopolyhedrovirus (psunmnpv) infection in larvae of the armyworm, p. separata. the lysates of transformed e. coli cells, which were not active in enhancing psunmnpv infection, became active when treated with either tryp ... | 2001 | 11500090 |
| enhanced fusion of a nucleopolyhedrovirus with cultured cells by a virus enhancing factor from an entomopoxvirus. | fusion of pseudaletia unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus with an armyworm cell line (sie-msh-805-f) was studied by means of three fluorescence assays that are based on the relief of fluorescence self-quenching of octadecylrhodamine b chloride (r18). a gradual increase in fluorescence intensity indicative of virus-cell fusion was observed by spectrofluorometry when r18-labeled polyhedron-derived virus was incubated with cultured cells. the fusion was enhanced by the virus enhancing factor (ef) from p ... | 2001 | 11161995 |
| cotesia kariyai teratocytes: growth and development. | the growth and development of teratocytes was examined in the cotesia kariyai-pseudaletia separata system. cotesia kariyai embryos released an average of 163 teratocytes at the time of hatching, 3.5 days after oviposition. the cells increased in diameter from 30 to 77 µm until 7 days post-parasitization, after which there was no significant increase in average diameter. however, there was significant variation in diameter within the population of teratocytes during the later developmental stages ... | 2001 | 11033165 |
| distribution of growth-blocking peptide in the insect central nervous tissue. | parasitization of the armyworm pseudaletia separata by the endoparasitic wasp cotesia kariyai inhibits larval growth and delays pupation, conditions necessary for proper maturation of the parasite larvae. parasitization is correlated with an elevated level of a 25-amino-acid hormone-like peptide, growth-blocking peptide (gbp, enfsggcvagymrtpdgrckptfyq). injection of synthetic gbp into nonparasitized larvae dose dependently mimics the effects of parasitization by delaying the larval development. ... | 2000 | 10928276 |
| involvement of jasmonate- and salicylate-related signaling pathways for the production of specific herbivore-induced volatiles in plants. | we compared volatiles from lima bean leaves (phaseolus lunatus) infested by either beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua), common armyworm [mythimna (pseudaletia) separata], or two-spotted spider mite (tetranychus urticae). we also analyzed volatiles from the leaves treated with jasmonic acid (ja) and/or methyl salicylate (mesa). the volatiles induced by aqueous ja treatment were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those induced by s. exigua or m. separata damage. furthermore, both s. exigua ... | 2000 | 10845451 |
| plasmatocyte spreading peptide (psp1) and growth blocking peptide (gbp) are multifunctional homologs. | recently, we identified plasmatocyte spreading peptide (psp1) from the moth pseudoplusia includens and reported that it mediates adhesion of hemocytes to foreign surfaces. psp1 is structurally very similar to three classes of peptides identified earlier from other species of lepidoptera: growth blocking peptide (gbp) originally identified in pseudaletia separata, and a series of related peptides from other species designated as paralytic (pp) or cardioactive (cap) peptides. in this study, we con ... | 2000 | 10742531 |
| synthesis and insecticidal evaluation of propesticides of benzoylphenylureas. | two series of benzoylphenylurea derivatives were synthesized as candidate propesticides by a nucleophilic addition reaction between 2,6-difluronbenzoyl isocyanate and n-substitutedaniline. the new compounds were identified by 1h nmr spectroscopy, electron ionization-mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. the bioactivities of the new compounds were evaluated. all of the propesticides reported here were soluble in most organic solvents, and their hydrophobicities were improved obviously. the r ... | 2005 | 15631506 |
| nucleotide sequence of a 5892 base pairs fragment of the lsmnpv genome and phylogenetic analysis of lsmnpv. | a 5892 bp fragment of leucania separata multiple nuclear polyhederosis virus (lsmnpv) containing gp37, 39 k genes and another four orfs was sequenced in this article. according to regulatory elements on 5' uncoding sequences, the orf4 and orf1 are probably two novel baculovirus genes, and the orf4 probably also is a new early-late gene. the possible functions about gp37 and 39 k proteins were explored. the homology of gp37 protein among lsmnpv and 8 other insect virus was compared. the evolution ... | 1999 | 10456794 |
| syntheses, antifeedant activity, and qsar analysis of new oxa(thia)diazolyl 3(2h)-pyridazinones. | twenty-eight new oxa(thia)diazolyl 3(2h)-pyridazinone derivatives were synthesized. some compounds showed good chronic growth activities against the armyworm, pseudaletia separata (walker). their ec50 values were determined in vivo. nineteen 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-[5'-aryl-2'-(1',3',4'-oxadiazolyl)methoxy]-3(2h)-pyridazinones were quantitatively analyzed using the qsar procedure. the partial least squares method was applied to find relationships between activity and the physicochemical data. th ... | 2005 | 15826068 |
| cell growth activity of growth-blocking peptide. | growth-blocking peptide (gbp) is an insect biogenic peptide that retards the development of lepidopteran larvae. cdnas encoding gbp were isolated from three lepidopteran species: pseudaletia separata, mamestra brassicae and spodoptera litura. comparison of these molecules revealed that the gbp coding regions were 70% homologous. in contrast, the upstream regions of the deduced propeptides were only 33% identical. sequence analysis further suggested that gbp shares some structural similarities wi ... | 1998 | 9753606 |
| primary cause of mortality in the armyworm larvae simultaneously parasitized by parasitic wasp and infected with bacteria. | parasitoid wasps never kill their hosts before the wasp larvae emerge from the host. however, almost 100% of the host armyworm larvae pseudaletia separata die within 2-3 days by parasitization with the wasp cotesia kariyai or by injection of polydnavirus, the wasp symbiont virus, when they are simultaneously infected by the pathogenic bacterium serratia marcescens. the present study was conducted to elucidate the crucial factor causing this larval mortality. an insecticidal protein has been show ... | 1998 | 9523701 |
| learning of herbivore-induced and nonspecific plant volatiles by a parasitoid, cotesia kariyai. | learning of host-induced plant volatiles by cotesia kariyai females was examined with synthetic chemicals in a wind tunnel. wasps were preconditioned by exposure to volatiles and feces simultaneously. a blend of four chemicals, geranyl acetate, beta-caryophyllene, (e)-beta-farnesene, and indole, which are known to be specifically released from plants infested by host larvae mythimna separata (host-induced blend), elicited a response in naive c. kariyai, but did not enhance the response after con ... | 2002 | 11944834 |
| visual control of host pursuit in the parasitoid fly exorista japonica. | the tachinid fly exorista japonica is a parasitoid of many kinds of lepidopterous larvae. after encountering a suitable host, the fly pursues the crawling larva on foot using visual cues to guide it. to investigate the visual control of host pursuit, we observed and videotaped pursuits of a host, the common armyworm mythimna separata, for frame-by-frame analysis. observation was performed in sunlight and under illumination from a fluorescent lamp. the fly pursued hosts discontinuously with a rep ... | 2002 | 11893762 |
| correlation between concentration of hemolymph nutrients and amount of fat body consumed in lightly and heavily parasitized hosts (pseudaletia separata). | two states of parasitization in the pseudaletia separata-cotesia kariyai system were examined: one that was lightly parasitized and one that was heavily parasitized. we predicted that the consumption of fat body and hemolymph nutrients depends on the number of parasitoid larvae in the host. lightly parasitized hosts (average clutch size+/-s.e.: 42.5+/-16.2, n=15) and heavily parasitized hosts (average clutch size+/-s.e.: 230.2+/-8.8, n=15) were prepared artificially. eight days after parasitizat ... | 2004 | 15019514 |
| venom of euplectrus separatae causes hyperlipidemia by lysis of host fat body cells. | although the lepidopteran larva pseudaletia separata is attacked by the gregarious ectoparasitoid euplectrus separatae, it continues to feed and grow. lipid concentration in the hemolymph of the parasitized host was higher than that of the nonparasitized host from 3 to 8 days after parasitization. artificial injection of parasitoid venom also elevated lipid concentration in the host hemolymph. one day after venom injection the host's fat body contained many lipid particles, but most of the lipid ... | 2004 | 15081819 |
| five new insecticidal sesquiterpenoids from celastrus angulatus. | five new sesquiterpene polyol esters were isolated from the root bark of celastrus angulatus by bioassay-guided fractionation. their structures were determined by spectral data interpretation as 1alpha,2alpha,6beta,8beta,13-pentaacetoxy-9beta-benzoyloxy-4beta-hydroxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (1), 1alpha,2alpha,6beta-triacetoxy-8alpha-(beta-furancarbonyloxy)-9beta-benzoyloxy-13-isobutanoyloxy-4beta-hydroxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (2), 1alpha,2alpha,6beta-triacetoxy-8beta-isobutanoyloxy-9beta-(beta-f ... | 2001 | 11277758 |
| preparation of monoclonal antibody against celangulin v and immunolocalization of receptor in the oriental armyworm, mythimna separata walker (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the botanical insecticide celangulin v (ca-v) is an insect digestive poison acting on midgut tissue of the target insect larvae. with the aim of localizing the receptor enacted by ca-v, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to the compound were developed. a hapten was synthesized by introducing a succinoyl into the ca-v structure and conjugated with three carrier proteins. from mice immunized with one conjugate, three mabs were obtained with a potential capacity of detecting protein-bound residu ... | 2006 | 17002428 |
| the endoparasitoid cotesia kariyai (ck) regulates the growth and metabolic efficiency of pseudaletia separata larvae by venom and ck polydnavirus. | it was previously demonstrated that parasitization by cotesia kariyai caused a decrease in weight gain and food consumption in host larvae, resulting in a lower final weight for parasitized hosts. it is predicted that c. kariyai regulates the physiological condition of the host to obtain maximum food under restricted nutritional conditions. approximate digestibility (ad) was higher following parasitization but the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ecd) of the parasitized hosts was lower ... | 2001 | 11249945 |
| in vivo enhancement of nucleopolyhedrovirus of oriental armyworm, mythimna separata using spindles from helicoverpa armigera entomopoxvirus. | when the third instar larvae of m. separata were exposed to eight varying concentrations of polyhedral occlusion bodies (pob's) of nucleopolyhedrovirus of m. separata (msnpv) ranging from 2.6 x 10(-1) to 2.6 x 10(8) pob's/ml, the percent mortality and incubation period ranged from 16-100% and 14 to 9 days respectively. on the other hand when the same third instar larvae of m. separata were exposed to only five varying concentration of pob's of msnpv ranging from 2.6 x 10(2) to 2.6 x 10(6), pob's ... | 2004 | 15274494 |
| solution structure of paralytic peptide of silkworm, bombyx mori. | paralytic peptide of bombyx mori (bmpp) is one of the multifunctional enf-peptides; the name of "enf" is the consensus n-terminal amino acid sequence of the family peptides. we revealed that bmpp significantly possesses growth-blocking activity and plasmatocyte-spreading activity and that its activity profiles are different from those of another enf-family peptide, namely, the growth-blocking peptide of pseudaletia separata (psgbp). we also determined the nmr structures of bmpp and psgbp under t ... | 2002 | 12535689 |
| p13 of leucania separata multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus affected the polyhedra and budded virions yields of acmnpv. | p13 gene was first described by our laboratory in leucania separata multiple nuclear polyhedrovirus (ls-p13, orf114) back to 1995. however, the functions of ls-p13 and its reported homologues remained unknown. in order to probe the function of ls-p13, recombinant autographa californica nucleopolyhedroviruses (racmnpvs) were constructed to express ls-p13 in the sf9 cells at early, late or early/late phase. observations of microscope showed that the expression of ls-p13 could decrease the yield of ... | 2007 | 17141348 |
| spindles of an entomopoxvirus facilitate its infection of the host insect by disrupting the peritrophic membrane. | the mode of action by which entomopoxvirus (epv) spindles, proteinaceous crystalline bodies produced by epvs, enhance epv infection has not been clarified. we fed anomala cuprea epv (acepv) spindles to host insects; subsequent scanning electron microscopy revealed the disruption of the peritrophic membranes (pms) of these insects. the pm is reportedly a barrier against the infection of some insects by viruses. quantitative pcr of acepv dna in the ectoperitrophic area revealed that pm disruption ... | 2007 | 17251284 |
| insect cytokine, growth-blocking peptide, is a primary regulator of melanin-synthesis enzymes in armyworm larval cuticle. | the cuticles of most insect larvae have a variety of melanin patterns that function in the insects' interactions with their biotic and abiotic environments. larvae of the armyworm pseudaletia separata have black and white stripes running longitudinally along the body axis. this pattern is emphasized after the last larval molt by an increase in the contrast between the lines. we have previously shown that 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (dopa) decarboxylase (ddc) is activated during the molt period ... | 2007 | 17331185 |
| insecticidal benzoylphenylurea-s-carbamate: a new propesticide with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates. | new propesticides with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates were designed and synthesized by the key intermediate n-chlorosulfenyl-n-methylcarbamate, which was prepared for the first time. these benzoylphenylurea-s-carbamates were identified by 1h nmr spectroscopy and elemental analyses. the bioactivities of the new compounds were evaluated. these benzoylphenylurea-s-carbamates exhibited excellent larvicidal activities against oriental armyworm, some of which were good as compar ... | 2007 | 17348679 |
| characterization of a novel ubiquitin-fusion gene uba256 from spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) uba256 gene, encoding ubiquitin fused to gp37 protein of 256 amino acids was determined. the first 76 amino acids of the spltmnpv ubiquitin showed 78-88, 77 and 81-84% amino acid sequence identity to baculovirus, melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxvirus and eukaryotes ubiquitins, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequence of spltmnpv gp37 protein was similar to other baculovirus gp37 proteins and to entomopoxvi ... | 2003 | 12559572 |
| synthesis and bioassay evaluation of 1-(4-substitutedideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)ureas. | a variety of novel 1-(4-substitutedideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)ureas were designed and synthesized by the reaction of 4-substitutedideneaminooxymethyl aniline with 2,6-difluorobenzoyl isocyanates in good yields. the title compounds were soluble in most organic solvents, which should make them easier to use. the preliminary bioassay showed that some of the title compounds show excellent insecticidal activity against mythimna separata at the dosage of 25 mg kg(-1) and modera ... | 2007 | 17407816 |
| parasitic castration of pseudaletia separata by cotesia kariyai and its association with polydnavirus gene expression. | parasitization by the endoparasitoid cotesia kariyai caused the inhibition of spermatogenesis of pseudaletia separata. this phenomenon is called parasitic castration. the degree of castration was dependent on the host stage parasitized. host parasitized on day 1 of the 4th stadium (the time of primary spermatocyte accumulation), had testicular cells with abnormal chromosomes appearing two days after parasitization, and spermiogenesis was completely inhibited. however, when hosts were parasitized ... | 1998 | 12769869 |
| four novel insecticidal sesquiterpene esters from celastrus angulatus. | four new insecticidal sesquiterpene polyol esters with a beta-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene skeleton, celangulatin c (1), celangulatin d (2), celangulatin e (3), and celangulatin f (4), and five known compounds 5-9 were isolated from the low-polar toluene extracts of the root bark of celastrus angulatus by bioassay-guided fractionation. their chemical structures were elucidated mainly by analyses of ms and nmr spectral data. celangulatin c, e and f showed ld(50) against mythimna separata were ... | 2007 | 17479422 |
| expression of cotesia kariyai polydnavirus genes in lepidopteran hemocytes and sf9 cells. | the parasitic wasp cotesia kariyai carries polydnavirus (ckpdv) which is an indispensable factor for the successful parasitization by the wasp. one of its surface proteins has been identified as an immunoevasive mediator from the cellular defense reactions of the host armyworm pseudaletia separata, thereby it was named immunoevasive protein (iep). in the present study, we demonstrated that anti-iep antibody did not suppress the ckpdv infection of sf9 cells but decreased its infection of p.separa ... | 2003 | 12770622 |
| similar polydnavirus genes of two parasitoids, cotesia kariyai and cotesia ruficrus, of the host pseudaletia separata. | endoparasitoids can achieve successful development in suitable hosts with the help of polydnavirus (pdv), if it is injected into the host with their eggs at parasitization. it was predicted that different species of endoparasitoids that parasitize the same host successfully use a similar system to avoid the defense reaction from the host. in this study, we identified similar pdvs genes. in two endoparasitoids, cotesia kariyai (cky) and cotesia ruficrus (crf), which can parasitize the same host s ... | 2003 | 12770625 |
| cotesia kariyai larvae need an anchor to emerge from the host pseudaletia separata. | mature larvae of the gregarious endoparasitoid cotesia kariyai construct cocoons for pupation approximately 10 days after parasitization and emerge from their host pseudaletia separata under a long day photo-regime (16l8d) at 25 +/- 1 degrees c. the parasitoid larvae make capsules in the host hemocoel just prior to their emergence. these capsules function as "anchors," which enable them to press against the host integument from inside the host. it was predicted that this anchor might be composed ... | 2007 | 17694565 |
| identification of volicitin-related compounds from the regurgitant of lepidopteran caterpillars. | volicitin-related compounds were found in the oral secretion of the three noctuid species, helicoverpa armigera, mythimna separata and spodoptera litura, and one sphingid species, agrius convolvuli. volicitin [n-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine], n-(17-hydroxylinoleoyl)-glutamine, n-linolenoylglutamine and n-linoleoylglutamine were identified in the secretion from the noctuid larvae. in secretions from the sphingid larvae, n-linolenoylglutamine and n-linoleoylglutamine were the main components ... | 2003 | 12834303 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel n-sulfenyl-n'-tert-butyl-n,n'-diacylhydrazines. 1. n-alkoxysulfenate derivatives. | a series of novel n-alkoxysulfenyl-n'-tert-butyl-n, n'-diacylhydrazines were designed and synthesized as insect growth regulators by the key intermediates n-chlorosulfenyl-n'-tert-butyl-n, n'-diacylhydrazines, which were prepared for the first time. compared to n'-tert-butyl-n, n'-diacylhydrazines, these n-alkoxysulfenyl derivatives displayed better solubility and improved hydrophobicities. the insecticidal activities of the new compounds were evaluated. the results of bioassays showed that the ... | 2007 | 17941694 |
| cause of mortality in insects under severe stress. | mortality in the host armyworm larvae pseudaletia separata parasitized by the parasitic wasp cotesia kariyai was dramatically increased when they were simultaneously infected by the entomopathogen serratia marcescens. previous studies have shown that this strong insecticidal effect is due to a metalloprotease-like insecticide (mpli) released from s. marcescens enterobacter. this study was conducted to elucidate the exact cause of the mortality resulting from mpli. injection of mpli caused a shar ... | 2003 | 12899705 |
| detailed characterization of polydnavirus immunoevasive proteins in an endoparasitoid wasp. | polydnaviruses are a unique group of insect viruses in terms of their obligate and symbiotic associations with some parasitic wasps. the cotesia kariyai polydnavirus (ckpdv) replicates only in ovarian calyx cells of c. kariyai female wasps and is injected into the wasp's host, the armyworm pseudaletia separata, along with the eggs. a previous study indicated the possibility that one of the ckpdv surface proteins mediates immunoevasion by the wasp from the encapsulation reaction of the host insec ... | 2002 | 12027894 |
| development of a gregarious ectoparasitoid, euplectrus separatae (hymenoptera; hymenoptera: eulophidae), that parasitizes pseudaletia separata (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | euplectrus separatae is a gregarious ectoparasitoid that parasitizes pseudaletia separata during its third to sixth (last) instars. the eggs of the parasitoid are fixed on the integument of the host dorsolaterally with a hard substance like a piling driven into the integument by the female wasp at the time of oviposition. the first instar of the parasitoid, which hatches three days after oviposition is nourished by ingesting the hemolymph of the host, and ecdyses to the second stadium six days a ... | 2003 | 18089016 |
| characterization of a chitin-binding protein gp37 of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the gp37 amino acid sequence of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) was compared with other baculovirus gp37, entomopoxvirus fusolin, the enhancing factor of pseudaletia separata entomopoxvirus, and alteromonas sp. chitin-binding protein 1. in these proteins, five 'conserved regions' previously reported constitute a chitin-binding domain. spltmnpv gp37 effectively bound to purified crab shell chitin and the dissociation constant (kd) for binding was 0.28 microm. immunof ... | 2003 | 12951271 |
| expression and purification of a small cytokine growth-blocking peptide from armyworm pseudaletia separata by an optimized fermentation method using the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | a small multifunctional cytokine, growth-blocking peptide (gbp), from the armyworm pseudaletia separata larvae was expressed as a soluble and active recombinant peptide in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. an expression vector for gbp secretion was constructed using vector ppic9, and gbp was expressed under the control of the alcohol oxidase (aox1) promoter. although we first tried to cultivate gbp in shake flask cultures, the yield was low, probably due to proteolysis of the recombinant ... | 2002 | 12182821 |
| in vivo characterization of two granuloviruses in larvae of mythimna separata (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the pathogenicity of two granuloviruses (gvs), xestia c-nigrum gv (xecngv) and pseudaletia unipuncta gv (psungv), was examined in mythimna separata. partial sequencing of the genome of psungv indicated that it is related closely to xecngv, but considered to be a different species. psungv and xecngv showed similar pathogenicity in terms of dose-mortality response and pattern of host mass changes following infection. both gvs killed infected larvae in 2-3 weeks. temporal changes in the concentrati ... | 2008 | 18343832 |
| isolation and characterization of a dopa decarboxylase cdna and the induction of its expression by an insect cytokine, growth-blocking peptide in pseudaletia separata. | parasitization by the wasp, cotesia kariyai, elevates the concentration of an insect cytokine, growth-blocking peptide (gbp), in hemolymph of last instar pseudaletis separata larvae. the increase of epidermal and hemolymph dopamine level is associated with the gbp increase. both gbp and dopamine disturb host development and metamorphosis (hayakawa, 1995). dopa decarboxylase (ddc) converts dopa to dopamine, and its cdna was isolated from p. separata, and the deduced amino acid sequence showed tha ... | 2003 | 12535679 |
| starvation influences allatotropin gene expression and juvenile hormone titer in the female adult oriental armyworm, mythimna separata. | the first day of adult life is the sensitive stage for shifting migrants into the resident morphs of the oriental armyworm (oaw), mythimna separata (walker). the juvenile hormone (jh) titer, expression of the allatotropin (at) gene, and their relationship were investigated in adult female migrants starved in the sensitive stage, to understand the underlying mechanism of changing migrants into resident oaws. haemolymph jh titers of the starved female adults were mostly elevated earlier than in co ... | 2008 | 18481300 |
| plant volatiles, rather than light, determine the nocturnal behavior of a caterpillar. | although many organisms show daily rhythms in their activity patterns, the mechanistic causes of these patterns are poorly understood. here we show that host plant volatiles affect the nocturnal behavior of the caterpillar mythimna separata. irrespective of light status, the caterpillars behaved as if they were in the dark when exposed to volatiles emitted from host plants (either uninfested or infested by conspecific larvae) in the dark. likewise, irrespective of light status, the caterpillars ... | 2006 | 16686546 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel n-sulfenyl-n'-tert-butyl-n,n'-diacylhydrazines. 2. n-substituted phenoxysulfenate derivatives. | a series of novel n-substituted phenoxysulfenyl- n'- tert-butyl- n, n'-diacylhydrazines were designed and synthesized as insect growth regulators via the key intermediates n-chlorosulfenyl- n'- tert-butyl- n, n'-diacylhydrazines. compared to the parent compounds, these n-substituted phenoxysulfenyl derivatives displayed better solubility and improved hydrophobicities. the insecticidal activities of the new compounds were evaluated. the results of bioassays showed that the title compounds possess ... | 2008 | 18540619 |
| virus-like particles in venom of meteorus pulchricornis induce host hemocyte apoptosis. | ultrastructural studies on the reproductive tract and venom apparatus of a female braconid, meteorus pulchricornis, revealed that the parasitoid lacks the calyx region in its oviduct, but possesses a venom gland with two venom gland filaments and a venom reservoir filled with white and cloudy fluid. its venom gland cell is concaved and has a lumen filled with numerous granules. transmisson electron microscopic (tem) observation revealed that virus-like particles (vlps) were produced in venom gla ... | 2006 | 16712867 |
| absolute configuration of volicitin from the regurgitant of lepidopteran caterpillars and biological activity of volicitin-related compounds. | volicitin [n-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine] and n-linolenoyl-l-glutamine are known as insect-produced plant volatile elicitors. the absolute configuration of the hydroxylinolenoyl moiety of volicitin from three noctuid species, helicoverpa armigera, mythimna separata and spodoptera litura, was determined to be all 17s in high enantiomeric excess. when treated with 30 pmol of (17s)- and (17r)-volicitin, corn seedlings were induced to release volatiles, there being no significant difference i ... | 2006 | 16960380 |
| identification of receptors of main sex-pheromone components of three lepidopteran species. | male moths discriminate conspecific female-emitted sex pheromones. although the chemical components of sex pheromones have been identified in more than 500 moth species, only three components in bombyx mori and heliothis virescens have had their receptors identified. here we report the identification of receptors for the main sex-pheromone components in three moth species, plutella xylostella, mythimna separata and diaphania indica. we cloned putative sex-pheromone receptor genes pxor1, msor1 an ... | 2008 | 18691330 |
| the role of nectar plants in severe outbreaks of armyworm mythimna separata (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in china. | the period from march to mid april, when oriental armyworm mythimna separata (walker) moths migrate from south china to central china over several nights, is an important window of time in annual armyworm population increase. the presence of nectar sources along the pathway of the migratory population is a prerequisite for moths to reach target habitats and lay eggs. using flowering periods and geographic distributions, the major spring nectar plants suitable for m. separata moths were identifie ... | 2006 | 17092356 |
| influence of nutrient deficiency caused by host developmental arrest on the growth and development of a koinobiont parasitoid. | koinobiont parasitoids utilize nutrients obtained from hosts that contine to feed and grow after parasitization. however, if the ecdysis of early host instars is prevented, parasitized larvae will fail to grow large enough to support the development of the parasitoid brood and both organisms will perish. when l5 instar larvae (the penultimate stage) of pseudaletia separata were parasitized by cotesia kariyai and injected with euplectrus separatae venom (5pv), the development of these hosts was a ... | 2006 | 17095007 |
| cloning and characterization of bombyx mori pp-bp a gene induced by viral infection. | the enf peptide family, so termed after the consensus sequence in their amino termini (glu-asn-phe-), is assumed to play multiple important roles in defense reactions, growth regulation, and homeostasis of lepidopteran insects. the paralytic peptide of bombyx mori (bmpp) is one such peptide that is involved in the paralytic and plasmatocyte-spreading activities in the hemocyte immune reaction. the growth-blocking peptide of pseudaletia separata (psgbp), which is also a member of the enf peptide ... | 2006 | 17112968 |
| the function of a trypsin-like enzyme in the saliva of euplectrus separatae larvae. | larvae of the gregarious ectoparasitoid, euplectrus separatae, a species that parasitizes pseudaletia separata, migrate from the dorsal to the ventral side of the host larva for pupation 7 days after parasitization. the parasitized host larvae die after the migration. the body mass of the parasitoid larvae increases while that of the host larva drastically decreases. most of the tissue in the dead host larvae completely collapses. in this study, we examined the cause of host death and how the ti ... | 2004 | 15350505 |
| the gly-gly linker region of the insect cytokine growth-blocking peptide is essential for activity. | growth-blocking peptide (gbp) is a 25-amino acid cytokine isolated from the lepidopteran insect pseudaletia separata. gbp exhibits various biological activities such as regulation of larval growth of insects, proliferation of a few kinds of cultured cells, and stimulation of a class of insect immune cells called plasmatocytes. the tertiary structure of gbp consists of a well structured core domain and disordered n and c termini. our previous studies revealed that, in addition to the structured c ... | 2004 | 15385535 |
| corn plants treated with jasmonic acid attract more specialist parasitoids, thereby increasing parasitization of the common armyworm. | we investigated whether corn plants treated with jasmonic acid (ja) increases the ability of the parasitic wasp, cotesia kariyai, to find and control the common armyworm (mythimna separata) under laboratory conditions. the rank order of attractiveness increased from intact plants treated with distilled water (dw) (2 d), ja-treated intact plants (2 d), dw-treated infested plants (2 d) to ja-treated infested plants (2 d). single ja-treatment to either infested or uninfested plants increased attrac ... | 2004 | 15586675 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activities and sar studies of novel benzoheterocyclic diacylhydrazine derivatives. | two series of novel n'-tert-butyl-n'-substituted benzoyl-n-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbohydrazide derivatives were synthesized, their activities and different insecticidal action modes for different lepidopteral larvicidal assays were evaluated carefully. the results of larvicidal activities against oriental armyworm and mosquito indicate that different benzoheterocyclic analogues of diacylhydrazide have different structure-activity relationships according to the types and patterns of substituti ... | 2009 | 19222202 |
| three new insecticidal sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from celastrus angulatus. | three new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids with a beta-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene skeleton, celangulatin g(1), h(2) and i(3), and one known alkaloid 4 were isolated from the middle-polar extracts of the root bark of celastrus angulatus by bioassay-guided separation. their chemical structures were elucidated mainly by the analyses of the ms and nmr spectral data. celangulatin g(1), h(2), i(3) and 4 showed kd(50) against mythimna separata were 849.61, 80.24, 96.29 and 50.98 microg g(-1), resp ... | 2009 | 19296392 |
| mechanism of reduction in the number of the circulating hemocytes in the pseudaletia separata host parasitized by cotesia kariyai. | larval endoparasitoids can avoid the immune response of the host by the function of polydnavirus (pdv) and venom. pdv infects hemocytes and affects the hemocyte function of the host. in this paper, we investigated how pdv and venom affect the hemocyte population of the host. cotesia kariyai, the larval endoparasitoid, lowers the hemocyte population of the noctuid host larvae soon after parasitization. the reduction in the number of circulating hemocytes is caused by the breakdown of the circulat ... | 2004 | 15670857 |
| visual recognition of the host in the parasitoid fly exorista japonica. | we presented the tachinid fly exorista japonica with moving host models: a freeze-dried larva of the common armyworm mythimna separata, a black rubber tube, and a black rubber sheet, to examine the effects of size, curvature, and velocity on visual recognition of the host. the host models were moved around the fly on a metal arm driven by motor. the size of the larva, the velocity of movement, and the length and diameter of the rubber tube were varied. during the presentation of the host model, ... | 2005 | 15930829 |
| a new insecticidal sesquiterpene ester from celastrus angulatus. | a new sesquiterpene polyol ester with a beta-dihydroagarofuran skeleton, nw37 (1), and three known compounds nw13 (2), nw16 (3) and nw35 (4) were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation from the highly polar meoh extracts of the root bark of celastrus angulatus. their chemical structures were elucidated mainly by analyses of ms and nmr spectral data. the insecticidal activity of compound 1 against 4th instar mythimna separata larvae with a kd(50) value of 252.3 microg g(-1) was demonstrated. | 2009 | 19384271 |
| isarfelin, a peptide with antifungal and insecticidal activities from isaria felina. | isarfelin, a peptide with inhibitory activity on mycelial growth in rhizoctonia solani and sclerotinia sclerotiorum and insecticidal activity toward leucania separata, was isolated from the mycelia of isaria felina. the ic50 value of its antifungal activity against r. solani was 3.1 microg ml(-1). however, it was devoid of activity toward several bacterial species including bacillus subtilis, e. coli and staphylococcus aureus. the isolation procedure involved ethanol extraction, adsorption on yp ... | 2005 | 16005544 |
| [inheritance, expression and armyworm resistance of protease inhibitor ii gene (pin ii) driven by different promoters in transgenic rice]. | the inheritance of rice lines transformed by protease inhibitor ii gene under control of different promoters was investigated by analysis of hygromycin resistance, pcr and southern blot. for segregation patterns of foreign gene, 68.4% of the transgenic rice plants were conformed to a mendelian ratio and in which the rate of transgenic plants with single copy was 63.6%. quantitative analysis of pin ii protein expressed in transgenic rice plants showed that pin ii protein in fresh leaves was 160 m ... | 2006 | 16551590 |
| surfactant effect on persistence of oxadiazolyl 3(2h)-pyridazinones against pseudaletia separata walker. | the photodynamic decomposition of two new insect-growth inhibitors (igrs), 2-tert-butyl-5-[5'-aryl-2'-(1',3',4'-oxadiazolyl)methoxy]-3(2h)-pyridazinones (opb) and its 4-chloro substituted derivative (opc), and effect of surfactants on persistence of their bioactivity were taken into investigation. both chemicals were significantly induced to photolysis by ultraviolet light at 365 nm wavelength and their inhibitory activities against pseudaletia separata larvae decreased with the increasing irrad ... | 2007 | 17454384 |
| mechanisms of black and white stripe pattern formation in the cuticles of insect larvae. | molecular mechanisms that produce pigment patterns in the insect cuticle were studied. larvae of the armyworm pseudaletia separata have stripe patterns that run longitudinally along the body axis. the pattern in the cuticle became clear by being emphasized by the increasing contrast between the black and white colors of the lines after the last larval molt. we demonstrated that dopa decarboxylase (ddc) mrna as well as protein are expressed specifically in the epidermal cells under the black stri ... | 2006 | 16618489 |
| autumn migration of mythimna separata (lepidoptera: noctuidae) over the bohai sea in northern china. | the autumn migration of mythimna separata (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) across the bohai sea was observed with a scanning entomological radar and a searchlight trap at beihuang, an island located in the center of the bohai gulf of northern china, in 2003-2006. during the autumn migration, m. separata flew at the altitudes of 50-500 m, with a displacement speed of 4-12 m/s, toward the southwest. variations of area density of the radar targets and of catches in the searchlight trap through the ... | 2008 | 18559184 |
| natural products-based insecticidal agents 4. semisynthesis and insecticidal activity of novel esters of 2-chloropodophyllotoxin against mythimna separata walker in vivo. | by using podophyllotoxin as a lead compound, eight novel esters of 2-chloropodophyllotoxin were designed, semisynthesized, and preliminarily evaluated for their insecticidal activity against the pre-third-instar larvae of mythimna separata walker in vivo for the first time. among all the tested compounds, especially three esters of 2-chloropodophyllotoxin 8a, 8c, and 8g, and one intermediate 6 showed more promising and pronounced insecticidal activity than toosendanin, a commercial insecticide d ... | 2009 | 19665895 |