| purification and characterization of peroxisomal apo and holo alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase from bird liver. | alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase has been reported to be present as the apo enzyme in the peroxisomes and as the holo enzyme in the mitochondria in chick (white leghorn) embryonic liver. however, surprisingly, birds were found to be classified into two groups on the basis of intraperoxisomal forms of liver alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. in the peroxisomes, the enzyme was present as the holo form in group 1 (pigeon, sparrow, java sparrow, australian budgerigar, canary, goose, and duck), ... | 1991 | 1654790 |
| cloning of prl and vip cdnas of the java sparrow (padda oryzivora). | complementary dna (cdna) of prolactin (prl) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) of the java sparrow were cloned and sequenced. the proximal region of the prl promoter was also identified. java sparrow prl was found to have 88.3, 88.3, and 89.1% sequence identity at the cdna level to prl of chicken, turkey, and duck, respectively. the predicted amino acid sequence had an overall similarity with a comparable region of chicken (91.4%), turkey (88.9%) and duck (92.0%) prl. based on the cdna ... | 2009 | 20163588 |
| Cryptosporidium spp. parasitize exotic birds that are commercialized in markets, commercial aviaries, and pet shops. | The purpose of this study was to genetically characterize and phylogenetically analyze the Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from exotic birds commercialized in popular markets, commercial aviaries, and pet shops located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fecal samples from individually housed birds were collected and subjected to centrifuge-flotation technique using saturated sugar solution. DNA was isolated from Cryptosporidium positive samples, and 18S subunit rDNA was amplified and processed using neste ... | 2011 | 21922240 |
| surveillance potential of non-native hawaiian birds for detection of west nile virus. | west nile virus (wnv) was first detected in north america in 1999. alaska and hawaii (hi) remain the only u.s. states in which transmission of wnv has not been detected. dead bird surveillance has played an important role in the detection of the virus geographically, as well as temporally. in north america, corvids have played a major role in wnv surveillance; however, the only corvid in hi is the endangered hawaiian crow that exists only in captivity, thus precluding the use of this species for ... | 2015 | 26304918 |
| two new species of isospora from indonesian birds. | the following species are described from indonesian birds: isospora paddae n. sp. with oocysts 41.5-45.5 x 40.3-41.5 (44 +/- 1.15 x 41.2 +/- 0.38) and sporocysts 22.8-24.5 x 14.7-17 (24 +/- 0.55 x 16.2 +/- 0.81) from the java sparrow, padda oryzivora, and isospora indonesianensis n. sp. with oocysts 39.3-43.6 x 37-40.8 (41.8 +/- 1.3 x 39.6 +/- 1.25) and sporocysts 25.6-28.4 x 15.2-18.5 (27.1 +/- 1.05 x 16.8 +/- 1.22) from the chestnut munia, lonchura malacca (l). the host birds belong to the ord ... | 1988 | 3367316 |
| the hemangiosarcoma with widespread metastasis which originated with metatarsal pad of java sparrow (padda oryzivora). | a five-year-old male java sparrow (padda oryzivora) was examined for a purple spot approximately 1 mm in diameter on the right metatarsal pad. seven months after, the spot spread to the entire right leg and the bird died. at necropsy, multiple neoplastic masses on the right leg reached up to the pelvic cavity. there were one similar mass on the right kidney and multiple red spots on the liver. histopathological examination revealed that neoplastic cells proliferated solidly or formed abundant ir ... | 2011 | 22156388 |
| cryptosporidium spp. in pet birds: genetic diversity and potential public health significance. | to characterize the prevalence and assess the zoonotic transmission burden of cryptosporidium species/genotypes in pet birds in henan, china, 434 fecal samples were acquired from 14 families of birds in pet shops. the overall prevalence of cryptopsoridium was 8.1% (35/434) by the sheather's sugar flotation technique. the cryptosporidium-positive samples were analyzed by dna sequence analysis of the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene. three cryptosporidium species and two genotypes were identified, in ... | 2011 | 21557938 |
| cdna cloning and characterization of adipose triglyceride lipase gene in zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata) and java sparrow (padda oryzivora). | adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl) is a crucial lipase that catalyzes triglyceride hydrolysis. in this study, reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction, rapid amplification of cdna ends, and mrna real-time analysis were performed to characterize the atgl gene in zebra finch and java sparrow. two cdna of the zebra finch atgl (zfatgl) gene were 1877 and 1626 bp were obtained; both encoded the same 481 amino acid protein. a 251 bp indel in the 3' utr led to two variant transcripts. the z ... | 2011 | 21438752 |
| discriminative and reinforcing properties of paintings in java sparrows (padda oryzivora). | previous studies suggest that non-human animals can discriminate two different artworks (such as music or paintings) that were created by humans. however, such studies rarely examined whether those animals were reinforced by one artwork more than another. it has been shown that music composed by humans has both discriminative and reinforcing properties when played for java sparrows. here, we investigated the effects of another artistic medium in java sparrows, namely paintings. the first experim ... | 2010 | 21132449 |
| seroprevalence and risk assessment of toxoplasma gondii in java sparrows (lonchura oryzivora) in china. | toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular zoonotic parasite, infects all mammalian and birds. understanding the prevalence of toxoplasma in bird is important for evaluating the transmission of this parasite. no information about the seroprevalence of t. gondii in java sparrows (lonchura oryzivora) is available. | 2019 | 31060566 |
| trill-calls in java sparrows: repetition rate determines the category of acoustically similar calls in different behavioral contexts. | bird vocalizations are often differentiated using terms such as "song" and "call." the java sparrow (lonchura oryzivora) uses several calls in different behavioral situations; notably, they produce similar calls in disparate situations of aggressiveness or affinity. these calls are composed of short syllables with narrow intervals repeated in quick succession. we distinguished these "trill-calls" as either aggressive or affiliative trills based on behavioral context. we compared the sound pressu ... | 2018 | 30157464 |
| study on the species-specificity of isospora michaelbakeri by experimental infection. | isospora michaelbakeri is one of the isospora species most commonly found in the wild field, which can cause severe infection and mortality in young sparrows. in this study, we selected i. michaelbakeri (chung hsing strain) as a pathogen to orally inoculate russet sparrows (passer rutilans), spotted munia (lonchura punctulata), canary (serinus canaria), java sparrows (padda oryzivora), chicken (gallus domesticus), ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and balb/c mice. the results indicated that i. michaelb ... | 2007 | 17385558 |
| language discrimination by java sparrows. | java sparrows (padda oryzivora) were trained to discriminate english from chinese spoken by a bilingual speaker. they could learn discrimination and showed generalization to new sentences spoken by the same speaker and those spoken by a new speaker. thus, the birds distinguished between english and chinese. although auditory cues for the discrimination were not specified, this is the first evidence that non-mammalian species can discriminate human languages. | 2006 | 16524672 |
| identification of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in birds. | circadian rhythms are generated by an internal biological clock. the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) in the hypothalamus is known to be the dominant biological clock regulating circadian rhythms in mammals. in birds, two nuclei, the so-called medial scn (mscn) and the visual scn (vscn), have both been proposed to be the avian scn. however, it remains an unsettled question which nuclei are homologous to the mammalian scn. we have identified circadian clock genes in japanese quail and demonstrated t ... | 2001 | 11247843 |
| midbrain regions involved in call production in java sparrows. | calling has been evoked from the midbrain of java sparrows by currents of less than 200 micro a. minimum thresholds were found in the medial nucleus intercollicularis, higher threshold sites surrounded these. additionally, more ventral sites were found. calling evoked did not resemble natural calls, but was similar to that produced after bilateral denervation of the syrinx. these results indicate that the nucleus intercollicularis acts as a controller rather than an organizer of calling. | 1980 | 7284089 |
| thymoma in a java sparrow (padda oryzivora). | thymoma is described in a 3-year-old female java sparrow (padda oryzivora). histopathologically, the subcutaneous mass from the cervical region consisted of epithelial cells characterized by large polyhedral cells and spindle cells, which sometimes showed squamous differentiation, and small lymphocytes without apparent atypical forms. immunohistochemically, the epithelial cells possessed cytokeratin in their cytoplasm and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. | 1994 | 18671100 |
| effects of ectostriatal lesions on discriminations of conspecific, species and familiar objects in pigeons. | pigeons were trained on three visual discrimination tasks, that is (1) pigeon vs. other birds discrimination; (2) java sparrow vs. grey starling discrimination; and (3) home cage vs. food tray discrimination. then the ectostriatum or the wulst was bilaterally damaged. the wulst lesions did not cause deficits in any tasks. the ectostriatal lesions impaired the species discrimination (java sparrow vs. grey starling) but not the conspecific discrimination (pigeon vs. other birds). some birds showed ... | 1996 | 8950015 |
| reinforcing property of music in java sparrows (padda oryzivora). | the reinforcing property of music for java sparrows was examined in a chamber with three perches. one of the end perches produced music by bach while the other perch produced music by schoenberg. two of four birds significantly stayed longer on the perch associated with bach music and retained their preference of bach to schoenberg when other pieces of music by bach and schoenberg were used. these two birds also preferred vivaldi to carter, suggesting preference for classical music over modern m ... | 1998 | 24896007 |
| discriminative stimulus properties of music in java sparrows. | seven adult java sparrows were trained to discriminate music by bach and that by schoenberg. in the bach s+ group perching response was reinforced when piano music by bach was played but not when piano music by schoenberg played. the schoenberg s+ group received reversed training. five of seven birds reached the criterion. novel orchestra music by bach and that by schoenberg were played in the first test after the discriminative training. they showed generalization to new music by bach and schoe ... | 1999 | 24896693 |
| preference for mirror images and video image in java sparrows (padda oryzivora). | java sparrows were exposed to a mirror and a frosted mirror, a mirror and a live bird, a mirror and a live bird with frosted screen, a closed circuit tv monitor and a tv program or the closed circuit monitor and an upside down monitor. the birds showed strong preference for the self-image on the mirror, the live bird and the self-image on the monitor. they preferred almost equally to the mirror and the frosted live bird. these results suggest that the java sparrows saw the self-image on the mirr ... | 2002 | 12429390 |
| discrimination of consonance and dissonance in java sparrows. | six adult java sparrows were trained to discriminate between consonant and dissonant sounds consisting of three tones. in the consonance group, the perching response was reinforced when consonance was presented, but not when dissonance was presented. both groups were given an inversion test, in which the first inversion of the chord was used as a stimulus. four of six birds learned the discrimination and were given two tests. in the first test, novel consonances and novel dissonances were presen ... | 2005 | 16043306 |
| strategy of auditory discrimination of scale in java sparrows: they use both "imagery" and specific cues. | we examined whether java sparrows use imagery of auditory stimuli (imagery is a subject's mental representation of a stimulus by which the subject's behaviour may be governed under stimulus control even in the absence of the physical stimulus). three types of ascending tone sequences were used. in the intact scale, sequence tones were played in ascending order. in the intact-masked scale, part of the sequence was masked by noise but the remaining scale was identical with the intact scale, wherea ... | 2008 | 17630228 |
| multi-layered bird beaks: a finite-element approach towards the role of keratin in stress dissipation. | bird beaks are layered structures, which contain a bony core and an outer keratin layer. the elastic moduli of this bone and keratin were obtained in a previous study. however, the mechanical role and interaction of both materials in stress dissipation during seed crushing remain unknown. in this paper, a multi-layered finite-element (fe) model of the java finch's upper beak (padda oryzivora) is established. validation measurements are conducted using in vivo bite forces and by comparing the dis ... | 2012 | 22337628 |
| prosody discrimination by songbirds (padda oryzivora). | in human verbal communication, not only lexical information, but also paralinguistic information plays an important role in transmitting the speakers' mental state. paralinguistic information is conveyed mainly through acoustic features like pitch, rhythm, tempo and so on. these acoustic features are generally known as prosody. it is known that some species of birds can discriminate certain aspects of human speech. however, there have not been any studies on the discrimination of prosody in huma ... | 2012 | 23082167 |
| song performance and elaboration as potential indicators of male quality in java sparrows. | bird songs have evolved under sexual selection pressure. songs include multiple features that are subject to female preference, but recent comparative research has indicated evolutionary tradeoffs between song performance and complexity in some species. trill, a repetition of the same sound, is a performance-related song trait; higher trill performance can be achieved at the cost of song complexity at the among-species or population level. the aim of this study was to examine whether such tradeo ... | 2013 | 23876390 |
| long-term management of thymic lymphoma in a java sparrow (lonchura oryzivora). | a 4-year-old java sparrow (lonchura oryzivora) was diagnosed with thymic lymphoma based on the results of histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical staining of a tru-cut biopsy sample. the bird was treated with chlorambucil (2 mg/kg po) twice per week for the first 18 weeks, and the mass size, activity level, appetite, bowel function, and body weight were monitored weekly. at week 19, the bird became ill and anorexic, and the chlorambucil treatment was discontinued. the neoplasm grew ra ... | 2015 | 25867667 |
| the songbird as a percussionist: syntactic rules for non-vocal sound and song production in java sparrows. | music and dance are two remarkable human characteristics that are closely related. communication through integrated vocal and motional signals is also common in the courtship displays of birds. the contribution of songbird studies to our understanding of vocal learning has already shed some light on the cognitive underpinnings of musical ability. moreover, recent pioneering research has begun to show how animals can synchronize their behaviors with external stimuli, like metronome beats. however ... | 2015 | 25992841 |
| the mitochondrial genome of white java sparrow (padda oryzivora). | the complete mitochondrial genome of padda oryzivora (estrildidae, passeriformes) was sequenced. it is 16 817 bp in length, with an at content of 54.72%, including 22 transfer rna genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, and 1 control region. phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the java sparrow is a close relative of zebrafinch (taeniopygia guttata) within the same family. these results are desired to provide molecular data for species taxonomy and further phylogenetic studies ... | 2016 | 26644271 |
| mating success follows duet dancing in the java sparrow. | mutual interactions between sexes have multiple signalling functions. duet singing in songbirds is related to mutual mate guarding, joint resource defence, and signalling commitment. coordinated visual displays of mating pairs are thought to perform similar functions, but are less well understood. the current study evaluated mutual interactions in an estrildid species to explore the relative importance of duet dancing and male singing in mating success of pairs in a first encounter. when java sp ... | 2017 | 28273111 |
| prevalence and genetic characterization of cryptosporidium infection in java sparrows (lonchura oryzivora) in northern china. | cryptosporidiosis is a cosmopolitan parasitosis that affects a wide range of hosts including birds. as information concerning cryptosporidium in birds is limited, the present study examined the prevalence and genotypes of cryptosporidium in java sparrows in beijing and shangqiu, northern china. three hundred and fifty fecal samples were collected from java sparrows (lonchura oryzivora, 225 white java sparrows and 125 gray java sparrows) in beijing and shangqiu in october 2015, and the samples we ... | 2017 | 28744462 |
| isospora lunaris n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the domestic java sparrow in japan. | five individuals of the domestic java sparrows, lonchura oryzivora (aves: estrildidae), were examined for coccidian parasites. sporulated oocysts had two sporocysts containing four sporozoites each. sporulated oocysts (n=30) were spherical, with a two splinter-like polar granules. oocyst size was 22.1×20.7 (20.0-25.0×20.0-22.5)μm. they had a thick wall that consisted of a pale yellow outer layer and a dark yellow inner layer, and lacked micropyle and residuum. sporocysts (n=60) were elongated ov ... | 2017 | 27998804 |
| the head of the finch: the anatomy of the feeding system in two species of finches (geospiza fortis and padda oryzivora). | despite the large number of studies devoted to the evolution of beak shape in darwin's finches, surprisingly little is known about the morphology of the skull and jaw musculature in these birds. moreover, it remains currently unclear whether darwin's finches are unusual in their cranial morphology compared with other seed-cracking birds. here, we provide a detailed description of the morphology of the cranial system in the medium ground finch (geospiza fortis) and compare it with that of another ... | 2011 | 21999913 |
| [color discrimination in sturnus vulgaris (sturnidae) and padda oryzivora (estrildidae)]. | | 1973 | 4788926 |
| detection and characterization of the isospora lunaris infection from different finch hosts in southern iran. | this study was conducted to investigate the isosporoid protozoan infections in finch types. fecal samples were collected from marketed domestic java sparrows (lonchura oryzivora), colored and white zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata), and european goldfinch (carduelis carduelis) in southern iran. the coccidial oocysts were recovered and investigated according to the morphological features and the ribosomal gene markers. additionally, a challenge infection was conducted with 5 × 104 and 5 × 103 spo ... | 2020 | 33179153 |
| early-life lessons of the courtship dance in a dance-duetting songbird, the java sparrow. | vocal learners, such as songbirds, must practise singing in a developmentally sensitive period to master songs. yet, knowledge remains limited about the development of visual displays in birds, even when courtship includes well-coordinated vocalizations (songs) and body motions. the java sparrow (lonchura oryzivora) is a species of songbird that exhibits a courtship duet dancing exchange between the sexes, with this behaviour driving mating success. in this study, juvenile male java sparrows wer ... | 2019 | 31312504 |