| differences in binding of lectin-gold conjugates by trypanosoma cruzi and blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) in the intestine of triatoma infestans (reduviidae). | two species of trypanosomatid flagellates, trypanosoma cruzi and blastocrithidia triatomae which develop in the intestine of triatoma infestans, were incubated with lectin-gold conjugates to demonstrate sugar components of the cell surface with the electron microscope. t. cruzi, strain "chile 5" (zymodeme 1), bound sba-gold, revealing n-acetyl-galactosamine and/or galactose residues. wga-bsa-gold, specific for n-acetylglucosamine, did not bind to the surface of this flagellate. on the other hand ... | 1987 | 3125542 |
| blastocrithidia triatomae n. sp. found in triatoma infestans from argentina. | | 1971 | 4943630 |
| morphological and molecular description of blastocrithidia cyrtomeni sp. nov. (kinetoplastea: trypanosomatidae) associated with cyrtomenus bergi froeschner (hemiptera: cydnidae) from colombia. | a new trypanosomatid species, blastocrithidia cyrtomeni, is herein described using morphological and molecular data. it was found parasitising the alimentary tract of the insect host cyrtomenus bergi, a polyphagous pest. the morphology of b. cyrtomeni was investigated using light and transmission microscopy and molecular phylogeny was inferred from the sequences of spliced leader rna (sl rrna) - 5s rrna gene repeats and the 18s small subunit (ssu) rrna gene. epimastigotes of variable size with s ... | 2011 | 21655817 |
| influence of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) on the reduviid bug triatoma infestans: alterations in the malpighian tubules. | to investigate the cellular basis of our recent observation that the trypanosome blastocrithidia triatomae disturbs excretion in triatoma infestans, we compared the morphology and ultrastructure of malpighian tubules in infected and noninfected bugs. tubules of bugs infected 3-4 months before dissection did not show any morphological alterations in either the upper or lower regions. in fifth instars with a long lasting infection (9-10 months) and a correspondingly retarded larval development, th ... | 1988 | 3148931 |
| parasite/host-interrelationships of the trypanosomatids trypanosoma cruzi and blastocrithidia triatomae and the reduviid bug triatoma infestans: influence of starvation of the bug. | we have investigated the effects of trypanosoma cruzi and blastocrithidia triatomae on the life span of starved second/third (l2/3), third/fourth (l3/4), and fourth/fifth instars (l4/5) of triatoma infestans, which had been infected in the first instar and fed last in the second, third or fourth instar respectively. the intestines and sometimes also the flagellate populations of dead bugs were examined. in uninfected l2/3 a higher relative humidity prolonged the life span. with a maximal surviva ... | 1989 | 2513786 |
| cultivation of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) on a cell line of its host triatoma infestans (reduviidae). | blastocrithidia triatomae parasitizes vectors of chagas' disease and is very difficult to cultivate in conventional media. however, co-cultivation with a cell line of its host triatoma infestans (ti-32; in schneider's drosophila medium supplemented with 20% foetal calf serum and 10% tryptose phosphate broth) led to vigorous growth at 24 or 28 degrees c without an adaptation phase. more than 60 primary cultures were initiated successfully without any failures. subcultures could be started immedia ... | 1989 | 2505214 |
| cannibalism and coprophagy are modes of transmission of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) between triatomines. | transovarial transmission was not detectable among blastocrithidia triatomae-infected triatoma infestans. rather, b. triatomae was transmitted directly between triatomines by cannibalism and coprophagy. cannibalism conditions that excluded coprophagy always resulted in an infection of dipetalogaster maxima. the efficiency of transmission was not influenced by the blood source--mice or chickens--fed to the infected donor bugs although chicken blood lyses the epimastigotes of the stomach populatio ... | 1989 | 2498511 |
| membrane feeding for infection of the reduviid bug triatoma infestans with blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) and pathogenic effects of the flagellate. | to investigate the pathogenic effects of the trypanosome blastocrithidia triatomae on triatoma infestans, a method for direct infection by in vitro feeding was developed. after isolation of b. triatomae cysts from infected dead bugs, a suspension of cysts was disinfected with desogen and chloramin t, then mixed with sterile blood, spread on a sterile, parallel-grooved glass plate or a hammered aluminium plate and covered with a thin, sterile silicone membrane. the blood and plate were warmed to ... | 1990 | 2110672 |
| the peculiarities of blastocrithidia triatomae. | blastocrithidia triatomae parasitizes triatomine bugs, the vectors of chagas disease. co-cultivation with a host-derived cell line permits continuous culture but the host cells are destroyed. removal of the reduviid cells induces the formation of drought-resistant cysts, but the factors that induce encystment are unknown. excystment is triggered after the onset of blood digestion in the insect host, a transition that is associated with unusual ultrastructural alterations. günter schaub, dagmar r ... | 1990 | 15463270 |
| the effect of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) on the midgut of the reduviid bug triatoma infestans. | the pathogenic flagellate blastocrithidia triatomae disrupts the digestion of triatoma infestans; the midgut ultrastructure of bugs infected with the flagellate and of uninfected bugs is compared. third or fourth instar larvae were dissected either unfed or 1 week after feeding. in all uninfected bugs extracellular membrane layers (e.m.l.) covered the apical microvillar border of the epithelial cells. some midgut regions of bugs infected with b. triatomae appeared normal but often adjacent cells ... | 1990 | 2107501 |
| the effect of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) on the reduviid bug triatoma infestans: influence of group size. | developmental time and mortality in uninfected larvae of the reduviid bug triatoma infestans and in those infected by feeding a mixture of blood and cysts of the homoxenous trypanosomatid blastocrithidia triatomae were compared. larvae were maintained isolated in 77-cm3 (area 9.6 cm2) beakers or in groups of 20, 30, 40, and 50 bugs per 1-liter beaker (area 722 cm2). in uninfected groups, only a minor proportion of isolated bugs showed delayed development, but in groups infected with b. triatomae ... | 1990 | 2125629 |
| development of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) in triatoma infestans after vitamin b-supplementation of the blood-diet of the bug. | investigations of the interrelationships of the trypanosomatid blastocrithidia triatomae and the reduviid bug triatoma infestans indicated an interference of b. triatomae with bug symbionts or with their vitamin supply. for an initial study of this possibility, b. triatomae-infected bugs were fed two or three times at monthly intervals on defibrinated sheep blood with or without b-group vitamin supplementation (folic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamin). t ... | 1991 | 23194605 |
| pathological effects of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) on the reduviid bug triatoma infestans after infection by membrane feeding and long-term starvation. | developmental time and mortality in larvae of the reduviid bug triatoma infestans were studied in uninfected groups and in those infected with blastocrithidia triatomnae by in vitro feeding with 10(4) cyst stages/cm(3) blood. bugs were subsequently subjected to two different starvation periods. in bugs fed at weekly intervals infection with b. triatomae was associated with developmental retardation, increasing in the final instars, and with increased mortality in the third and preadult instar. c ... | 1991 | 1909355 |
| two new species of trypanosomatid parasites isolated from heteroptera in costa rica. | two new trypanosomatid species (euglenozoa, kinetoplastea) isolated from the intestinal tract of heteropteran insect hosts were described based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of spliced leader (sl) rna gene repeats, glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, and small subunit ribosomal rna genes, as well as by morphology. leptomonas barvae n. sp., from a mirid host collaria oleosa, was found to represent one of the closest monoxenous (one host) relatives of the dixenous (two hosts) p ... | 2010 | 20113381 |
| prevalence and distribution of parasites and pathogens of triatominae from argentina, with emphasis on triatoma infestans and triatoma virus trv. | chagas' disease is the most important endemic arthropod-zoonosis in argentina with an estimated 1.6 million people infected with the causative agent trypanosoma cruzi. triatoma infestans is the main vector of chagas' disease in argentina. a survey for parasites and pathogens of triatominae was conducted from august 2002 to february 2005. collections of insects were made in domiciles, peridomiciles, and in the natural habitats of the triatominae. insects from these collections were dissected and ... | 2009 | 19660466 |
| detection of blastocrithidia spp. (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in chagas disease vectors from texas, usa. | organisms highly similar to blastocrithidia triatomae, a pathogenic parasite of chagas disease triatomine bug vectors, were detected using polymerase chain reaction amplification and dna sequence analysis of a segment of the small subunit rrna gene in 3 of 203 triatomine specimens collected in texas from june 2005 to october 2006. the parasite was identified in three species of triatomine bugs (triatoma gerstaeckeri, t. indictiva, and t. neotomae) collected from three distinct geographic locatio ... | 2009 | 18803501 |
| differential detection of blastocrithidia triatomae and trypanosoma cruzi by amplification of 24salpha ribosomal rna genes in faeces of sylvatic triatomine species from rural northwestern argentina. | flagellates indistinguishable from trypanosoma cruzi were detected by microscopy in faecal samples of 2/110 triatoma guasayana and 2/283 triatoma garciabesi captured in a rural area of northwestern argentina. inoculation of faecal homogenates to mice followed by xenodiagnosis, haemoculture, histopathology and culture from cardiac homogenates, and pcr based on t. cruzi minicircle and nuclear sequences failed to detect t. cruzi infection, pointing to another trypanosomatidean. a pcr strategy targe ... | 2006 | 16887092 |
| the development of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) in the reduviid bug triatoma infestans (insecta): influence of starvation. | fifth instars of triatoma infestans with established blastocrithidia triatomae infections were dissected after different periods of starvation. after a short starvation period of 30 days, 60% of the total population (2,700,000 flagellates) occurred in the small intestine. within the following 3 months, the numbers of living flagellates there (epimastigotes, cysts) were reduced by about 70% and the percentage of dead mastigotes increased to 30% of the respective total population. epimastigotes al ... | 2002 | 12172811 |
| development of symbionts in triatomine bugs and the effects of infections with trypanosomatids. | in the intestinal tract of fifth instars of the hematophagous reduviid bugs rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans blood ingestion induced an initial decrease of the concentration of the respective symbiotic bacteria rhodococcus rhodnii and nocardia sp. and then within 10 days a 15- or 18-fold increase of the total population/bug to about 0.8 x 10(9) colony-forming units in r. prolixus and 1.8 x 10(9) colony-forming units in t. infestans. about 95-99% of the total populations of both symbionts ... | 2002 | 11971650 |
| the effect of azadirachtin on blastocrithidia triatomae and trypanosoma cruzi in triatoma infestans (insecta, hemiptera). | the effect of azadirachtin on blastocrithidia triatomae and trypanosoma cruzi, which colonise the intestinal tract of the blood-sucking bug triatoma infestans, was investigated. in established infections of controls without azadirachtin treatment, the small intestine of fifth-instar t. infestans contained up to 7 x l0(6) b. triatomae and the rectum 3 x 10(6). in comparison to this homoxenous flagellate, the population densities of t. cruzi in the respective regions were 99.3 and 76% lower. treat ... | 1999 | 10333323 |
| the ultrastructure of mitotic nuclei of blastocrithidia triatomae. | the fine structure of mitotic nuclei of the flagellate blastocrithidia triatomae has been studied by serial thin sections and three-dimensional reconstructions. the sequence of changes during the four stages of mitosis are described. a set of three dense plaques is constantly found in the equatorial stage of mitosis. the microtubular spindle is organized around these plaques. the plaques split into halves at the end of the equatorial stage, and the half-plaques migrate to the spindle ends. elong ... | 1983 | 6340358 |
| the influence of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) on the reduviid bug triatoma infestans: in vivo and in vitro diuresis and production of diuretic hormone. | the homoxenous flagellate blastocrithidia triatomae disturbs excretion in triatoma infestans. during the first 4 and 24 h after feeding, infected 5th instars excreted approximately a 2.5-fold smaller volume of urine. consequently, about double the normal volume of haemolymph could be obtained from these infected bugs 24 h after feeding. surprisingly, the in vitro secretion rates of malpighian tubules from uninfected and infected bugs were nearly identical. in addition, the storage and release of ... | 1988 | 3129692 |
| pathological effects of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) on the reduviid bugs triatoma sordida, t. pallidipennis and dipetalogaster maxima after coprophagic infection. | developmental time and mortality in nymphs of the reduviid bugs triatoma sordida (stål), triatoma pallidipennis (stål) and dipetalogaster maxima (uhler) were studied in uninfected groups and in those infected with blastocrithidia triatomae cerisola et al. (trypanosomatidae). in t.sordida and t.pallidipennis, major vectors of chagas' disease in brazil and mexico respectively, infection with b.triatomae was associated with slight developmental retardations in the final instars, and increased morta ... | 1988 | 2980188 |
| parasite-host interrelationships of blastocrithidia triatomae and triatomines. | | 1988 | 3151010 |
| developmental time and mortality of the reduviid bug triatoma infestans with differential exposure to coprophagic infections with blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae). | developmental time and survival in larvae of the reduviid bug triatoma infestans were studied in uninfected groups and in those exposed to a coprophagic infection with blastocrithidia triatomae. addition to young uninfected larvae of (a) different numbers of infected bugs, (b) infected and uninfected bugs, and (c) fresh or dry infectious feces were compared. retardation of development was evident in groups given infected larvae or fresh feces. mortality rates were correlated with infection rates ... | 1990 | 2105356 |
| attachment of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) by flagellum and cell body in the midgut of the reduviid bug triatoma infestans. | the pathology and attachment of blastocrithidia triatomae in two regions of the midgut of the reduviid bug triatoma infestans (the stomach and the small intestine) were investigated by electron microscopy. in both regions the extracellular-membrane layers and the apical microvilli were often reduced, and some cells of the intestinal wall were vacuolated. in the stomach two types of attachment occurred: flagella with intraflagellar swellings lay over and between the apices of the microvilli of th ... | 1992 | 23195236 |
| the development of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) in the reduviid bug triatoma infestans (insecta): influence of feeding. | the population density and composition of an established infection of blastocrithidia triatomae in the intestinal tract of fifth instars of triatoma infestans were compared in unfed bugs, at 4 h and up to 15 days after feeding, and also in feces and urine deposited in the first 4 h after feeding. in unfed bugs, about 1-2 million b. triatomae colonized the small intestine and rectum, mainly epimastigotes (85% and 80%, respectively). during excretion, the percentage of cysts increased within the f ... | 2003 | 12658453 |
| the effects of aposymbiosis and of an infection with blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae) on the tracheal system of the reduviid bugs rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans. | we have investigated the effects of the absence of symbionts and of infection with a trypanosome on the tracheal supply to different organs in larvae of the blood-sucking bugs, rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans. in bugs grown without symbionts there were extensive reductions in the tracheal supply to all the internal organs examined. these bugs also excreted less fluid after blood meals, perhaps because of a reduction in the oxygen supply to the malpighian tubules. inclusion of vitamin b ... | 1998 | 12769885 |
| the ultrastructure of the cysts of blastocrithidia triatomae cerisola et al. 1971 (trypanosomatidae): a freeze-fracture study. | cysts of blastocrithidia triatomae from hosts and from in vitro cultures were investigated by freeze-fracture and freeze-etch electron microscopy. no differences in structure were observed between cysts frozen immediately and those fixed and cryoprotected with glycerol. the ultrastructure of all cysts differed considerably from that known for mastigote stages of trypanosomatids: the nuclear pores were surrounded by circular fracture-plane transitions between the inner and outer nuclear membranes ... | 1988 | 3133651 |
| developmental time and mortality in larvae of the reduviid bugs triatoma infestans and rhodnius prolixus after coprophagic infection with blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae). | | 1988 | 3127477 |
| ultrastructural studies on the excystment of blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae). | | 1981 | 7022790 |
| electron microscopic studies on blastocrithidia triatomae cerisola et al. 1971 (trypanosomatidae). | in the bug triatoma infestans developmental stages of blastocrithidia tritomae, which can be mistaken for t. cruzi during xenodiagnosis, were studied by means of electron microscopy. it turned out that three different forms appeared during the progressive divisions: "micro-", "pro-" and epimastigotes. the morphological study revealed significant criteria for a distinction from t. cruzi stages. furthermore cyst-like bodies were observed often attached to the flagella of the different stages. as r ... | 1979 | 396699 |