| aphid resistance in wheat varieties. | as an environmentally compatible alternative to the use of conventional insecticides to control cereal aphids, we have investigated the possibility to exploit natural resistance to insect pests in wheat varieties. we have tested a wide range of hexaploid (triticum aestivum), tetraploid (t. durum) and diploid (t. boeoticum and t. monococcum) wheat lines for resistance to the bird cherry oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi). lines tested included russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia), greenbug (schizaph ... | 2009 | 20218532 |
| global transcriptome analysis of orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (gehin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae) to identify candidate transcripts regulating diapause. | many insects enter a developmental arrest (diapause) that allows them to survive harsh seasonal conditions. despite the well-established ecological significance of diapause, the molecular basis of this crucial adaptation remains largely unresolved. sitodiplosis mosellana (gehin), the orange wheat blossom midge (owbm), causes serious damage to wheat throughout the northern hemisphere, and sporadic outbreaks occur in the world. traits related to diapause appear to be important factors contributing ... | 2013 | 23940768 |
| identification and expression profile analysis of putative odorant-binding proteins in sitodiplosis mosellana (gehin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). | odorant binding proteins (obps) contribute to the remarkable sensitivity of the insect's olfactory system and play important roles in the olfactory recognition. the orange blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana is a cereal specialist, and utilizes pheromone and host odorant as a cue for its mating and oviposition. however, obp genes have not been largely identified in s. mosellana. based on the sequenced transcriptome database, twenty-six obp genes were identified in s. mosellana for the first ti ... | 2014 | 24440700 |
| a saturated snp linkage map for the orange wheat blossom midge resistance gene sm1. | snp markers were developed for the owbm resistance gene sm1 that will be useful for mas. the wheat sm1 region is collinear with an inverted syntenic interval in b. distachyon. orange wheat blossom midge (owbm, sitodiplosis mosellana géhin) is an important insect pest of wheat (triticum aestivum) in many growing regions. sm1 is the only described owbm resistance gene and is the foundation of managing owbm through host genetics. sm1 was previously mapped to wheat chromosome arm 2bs relative to sim ... | 2016 | 27160855 |
| sex ratios of sitodiplosis mosellana (diptera: cecidomyiidae): implications for pest management in wheat (poaceae). | sex ratios of populations of the wheat midge sitodiplosis mosellana gehin, developing on wheat triticum aestivum l., were determined at reproduction, adult emergence, and dispersal. the patterns of sex ratio through the life cycle of s. mosellana result from: (i) a genetic mechanism that causes all or nearly all of the progeny of individual females to be a single sex, with an overall sex ratio that is slightly biased at 54-57% females; (ii) a differential mortality during diapause that increases ... | 2004 | 15541195 |
| responses of female orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana, to wheat panicle volatiles. | air entrainment samples of volatiles from panicles of intact wheat, triticum aestivum, cultivar 'lynx' were collected at the ear emergence/early anthesis growth stage. in an olfactometer bioassay, both freshly cut panicles and an air entrainment sample were found to attract female orange wheat blossom midge adults, sitodiplosis mosellana. coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (gc-eag) analyses of panicle volatiles located six electrophysiologically active components. these were identif ... | 2004 | 15503522 |
| sex pheromone of orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana. | pheromone extract of the female orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin) (sm) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), was analyzed by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (gc-ead) and gc-mass spectrometry (ms), employing fused silica columns coated with db-5, db-210, db-23 or sp-1000. these analyses revealed a single, ead-active candidate pheromone which was identified as 2,7-nonanediyl dibutyrate. in experiments in wheat fields in saskatchewan, traps baited with (2s,7 ... | 2000 | 11129944 |
| unusual conservation among genes encoding small secreted salivary gland proteins from a gall midge. | in most protein-coding genes, greater sequence variation is observed in noncoding regions (introns and untranslated regions) than in coding regions due to selective constraints. during characterization of genes and transcripts encoding small secreted salivary gland proteins (sssgps) from the hessian fly, we found exactly the opposite pattern of conservation in several families of genes: the non-coding regions were highly conserved, but the coding regions were highly variable. | 2010 | 20920202 |
| [change patterns of protective enzyme activities in pre-diapause, diapause, and post-diapause larvae of sitodiplosis mosellana gehin]. | the activities of protective enzymes peroxidase (pod), superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) in pre-diapause, diapause, and post-diapause larvae of sitodiplosis mosellana gehin were determined by using protective enzyme testing kits. the results indicated that the activities of the three protective enzymes showed a decreasing trend from pre-diapause to early diapause larvae. in one-year cycle, the sod and cat activities of diapause larvae had the same responses to environmental temperatu ... | 2008 | 18975755 |
| grasses and gall midges: plant defense and insect adaptation. | the interactions of two economically important gall midge species, the rice gall midge and the hessian fly, with their host plants, rice and wheat, respectively, are characterized by plant defense via r genes and insect adaptation via avr genes. the interaction of a third gall midge species, the orange wheat blossom midge, with wheat defense r genes has not yet exhibited insect adaptation. because of the simple genetics underlying important aspects of these gall midge-grass interactions, a uniqu ... | 2003 | 12460937 |
| [spatial pattern of sitodiplosis mosellana and its egg parasitoids mixed population]. | geostatistis methods were adopted to analyze the spatial pattern of sitodiplosis mosellana (diptera: cecidomyiidae) at its different development periods and of its egg parasitoids mixed population (tetrastichus sp. and platygaster error; hymoneptera: eulophidae and platygastridae). the aggregated spatial arrangements for s. mosellana cocoon, adult, and larva and for egg parasitoids mixed population could be well described by spherical model, spherical-exponential model, linear sill model, and sp ... | 2011 | 21657038 |
| screening spring wheat for midge resistance in relation to ferulic acid content. | the concentration of ferulic acid (fa), the major phenolic acid in the wheat kernel, was found to differ significantly in the mature grain of six wheat cultivars known to have a range of tolerance to the orange wheat blossom midge (sitodiplosis mosellana). differences in fa content were correlated with floret infestation level of the cultivars. the wheat cultivars ranked similarly in fa content at the four locations where they were tested, despite a significant effect of environment. ferulic aci ... | 2001 | 11513628 |
| characterization of a serine carboxypeptidase in the salivary glands and fat body of the orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (diptera: cecidomyiidae). | a full-length cdna encoding a serine carboxypeptidase (designated smscp-1) was recovered from an ongoing salivary gland est project of the wheat midge. the deduced 461-amino acid sequence had a putative signal sequence at the amino terminus, indicating it was a secreted protein. the protein shared homology with serine carboxypeptidases from other insects, mammals, plants, and yeasts. smscp-1 mrna was expressed in all stages of development and detected in salivary gland and fat body tissues but n ... | 2006 | 16431282 |
| development of a pheromone trap monitoring system for orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana, in the uk. | field-trapping experiments with synthetic 2,7-nonadiyl dibutyrate, the female-produced sex pheromone of the orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin), demonstrated that pheromone traps were highly attractive to males and caught very few non-target organisms. different formulations of pheromone were tested to identify the optimum release rate and dispenser type for use in pheromone traps in the uk. key findings were that racemic pheromone was as effective as enantiomerically pure ... | 2007 | 17078014 |
| substitution bias and evolutionary rate of mitochondrial protein-encoding genes in four species of cecidomyiidae. | five mitochondrial protein-encoding genes (cox1, cox2, cytb, nd4 and nd5) from the wheat midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (diptera: cecidomyiidae), were sequenced and compared with those of 3 other cecidoidae species, mayetiola destructor, rhopalomyia pomum and asphondylia rosetta. these genes shared similar at content (74.0-80.1%) and base substitution bias in favour of transversions (68.87-79.72%) over transitions (20.28-37.04%). substitution saturation analyses indicated fast saturation of trans ... | 2013 | 25438595 |
| response of males to female sex pheromone in the orange wheat blossom midge,sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). | males of the orange wheat blossom midge,sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin), were attracted by female but not by male extract in a y-tube bioassay. in laboratory mating experiments, females exhibited typical calling behavior under all conditions tested. at 19‡c in the dark, males exhibited a high frequency of wing vibration (a courtship behavior) and mating attempts, and 68% of females were mated. however, there was virtually no courtship or mating activity at 17‡c and 23‡c (0 and 11% mated, respecti ... | 1993 | 24249233 |
| comparison of silk glands of diapause and non-diapause larval sitodiplosis mosellana. | the wheat midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), is one of the most serious pests of wheat worldwide. it overwinters as cocooned larvae in diapause and non-diapause forms. the cocoon is made of silk from the salivary glands. the silk glands, therefore, play an important role in the s. mosellana diapause. in the present study, the ultra-structures of the silk glands between diapause and non-diapause larvae were examined by electro and light-microscopically. the silk gland ... | 2012 | 23414141 |
| flight performance of the orange wheat blossom midge (diptera: cecidomyiidae). | the orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), is a chronic wheat pest worldwide. adult s. mosellana engage in short-distance flight, but also exploit weather patterns for long-distance dispersal. however, little is known about the flight performance of s. mosellana, and the effects of the biotic and abiotic factors that influence its flight activity. in this study, we explored the active flight potential of s. mosellana under various environmental facto ... | 2013 | 24224245 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of sitodiplosis mosellana in northern china. | the wheat midge, sitodiplosis mosellana, is an important pest in northern china. we tested the hypothesis that the population structure of this species arises during a range expansion over the past 30 years. this study used microsatellite and mitochondrial loci to conduct population genetic analysis of s. mosellana across its distribution range in china. we found strong genetic structure among the 16 studied populations, including two genetically distinct groups (the eastern and western groups), ... | 2013 | 24265688 |
| protection of winter wheat against orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae): efficacy of insecticides and cultivar resistance. | in 2012 and 2013, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin) flights occurred during the susceptible phase of wheat development in belgium. the protection against this midge afforded by various insecticides was assessed in infested fields on four winter wheat cultivars (susceptible or resistant, and early or late heading). | 2015 | 25044220 |
| field bioassay to evaluate contact and residual toxicities of insecticides to carabid beetles (coleoptera: carabidae). | a 2-yr field study evaluated the effects of selected insecticides on bembidion obscurellum motschulsky and bembidion quadrimaculatum l., carabid predators of the wheat midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin). a bioassay method using caged beetles indicated that insecticides differed significantly in their contact and residual toxicities when applied at maximum recommended field rates. deltamethrin, the least toxic insecticide, caused approximately 30% mortality in both beetle species, but its resi ... | 1989 | 2481691 |
| an interspersed refuge for sitodiplosis mosellana (diptera: cecidomyiidae) and a biocontrol agent macroglenes penetrans (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) to manage crop resistance in wheat. | an interspersed refuge of susceptible plants in a resistant, spring-sown wheat crop was tested as a strategy to protect crop resistance against evolution of virulence by the wheat midge sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin), and also to conserve a biocontrol agent macroglenes penetrans(kirby). eight replicated field experiments were conducted using seed mixtures of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 100% or 0, 5 and 100% susceptible wheat with an agronomically similar wheat expressing the antibiotic resistance gene sm1. ... | 2004 | 15153300 |
| effects of temperature, soil moisture and photoperiod on diapause termination and post-diapause development of the wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). | sitodiplosis mosellana, one of the most important wheat pests, goes through larval diapause in a cocooned form. it is univoltine, but some individuals exhibit prolonged diapause. in this study, we documented diapause termination rate of cocooned larvae at different diapausing periods and time required for adult emergence when they were brought to 25°c from the field in northern china. we found that field larvae all entered diapause by june, but none terminated diapause until late september when ... | 2017 | 28987773 |
| field efficacy of insect pathogen, botanical, and jasmonic acid for the management of wheat midge sitodiplosis mosellana and the impact on adult parasitoid macroglenes penetrans populations in spring wheat. | the wheat midge, sitodiplosis mosellana, is a serious pest of wheat worldwide. in north america, management of s. mosellana in spring wheat relies on the timely application of pesticides, based on midge adults levels caught in pheromone traps or seen via field scouting during wheat heading. in this context, biopesticides can be an effective alternative to pesticides for controlling s. mosellana within an integrated pest management program. a field study using insect pathogenic fungus beauveria b ... | 2017 | 29064185 |
| morphology, ultrastructure and possible functions of antennal sensilla of sitodiplosis mosellana géhin (diptera: cecidomyiidae). | to better understand the olfactory receptive mechanisms involved in host selection and courtship behavior of sitodiplosis mosellana (diptera: cecidomyiidae), one of the most important pests of wheat, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the external morphology and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla. the moniliform antennae exhibit obvious sexual dimorphism: antennae of the males are markedly longer than those of the females. furthermore, each male flagellomere ... | 2016 | 27623751 |
| toxicity of several fungicides for orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana (géhin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). | the orange wheat blossom midge, sitadiplosis mosellano (géhin) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), can cause severe losses in wheat grain yield and quality. this pest is known to be susceptible to many insecticides, but various field observations have suggested that some fungicides could also significantly affect s. mosellana. in order to confirm these field observations, the effect on adult midges of several fungicides commonly applied to wheat crops was investigated in the laboratory and in small plots ... | 2015 | 27145574 |
| cloning of heat shock protein genes (hsp70, hsc70 and hsp90) and their expression in response to larval diapause and thermal stress in the wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana. | sitodiplosis mosellana géhin, one of the most important pests of wheat, undergoes obligatory diapause as a larva to survive unfavorable temperature extremes during hot summers and cold winters. to explore the potential roles of heat shock proteins (hsp) in this process, we cloned full-length cdnas of hsp70, hsc70 and hsp90 from s. mosellana larvae, and examined their expression in response to diapause and short-term temperature stresses. three hsps included all signature sequences of correspondi ... | 2016 | 27639943 |