| studies on immunity with three species of avian trypanosomes. | the ability of three species of avian trypanosome, trypanosoma corvi, t. bouffardi and t. everetti, to protect against heterologous and homologous challenge has been studied in susceptible birds. none protects against challenge with either or both of the other two species and mixed infections can be obtained experimentally. with t. bouffardi, both apparently sterile and premune states exist after initial infection and the host is immune to challenge with homologous strains; heterologous strain ... | 1975 | 1128921 |
| avian trypanosomes in simulium and sparrowhawks (accipiter nisus). | isolates of avian trypanosomes from nestling sparrowhawks (accipiter nisus) and from simulium latipes were compared by isoenzyme electrophoresis with the previously described avian trypanosomes trypanosoma corvi and t. everetti. simulium isolates developed into trypomastigotes in semi-defined medium at 37 degrees c confirming that they belong to the genus trypanosoma. cellulose acetate electrophoresis (cae) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) methods were employed. a total of 11 enzyme ... | 1990 | 2263419 |
| host-parasite relationship of trypanosoma corvi in ornithomyia avicularia. | the first description of an electron microscopic study of trypanosoma corvi in the vector ornithomyia avicularia is reported. there is a close association between vector and parasite in the midgut, ileum and rectum of the vector. the midgut distribution of parasites is determined by the peritrophic membrane, which confines the early infection to the endoperitrophic space. parasites escape from the ruptured region of the peritrophic membrane at the pylorus to gain access to the ectoperitrophic sp ... | 1989 | 2710770 |
| blocked stomodeal valve of the insect vector: similar mechanism of transmission in two trypanosomatid models. | the regurgitation of metacyclic stages from the sand fly cardia is thought to be the prevailing mechanism of leishmania transmission. this regurgitation may result through damage of the stomodeal valve and its mechanical block by the parasites. we found this phenomenon in three sand fly-leishmania models and also in avian trypanosomes transmitted by culex mosquitoes. phlebotomus duboscqi, phlebotomus papatasi, lutzomyia longipalpis, and culex pipiens were membrane-fed on blood containing leishma ... | 2004 | 15491584 |
| trypanosoma culicavium sp. nov., an avian trypanosome transmitted by culex mosquitoes. | a new avian trypanosome, trypanosoma culicavium sp. nov., isolated from culex mosquitoes, is described on the basis of naturally and experimentally infected vectors and bird hosts, localization in the vector, morphological characters and molecular data. this study provides the first comprehensive description of a trypanosome species transmitted by mosquitoes, in which parasites form plugs and rosettes on the stomodeal valve. trypanosomes occurred as long epimastigotes and short trypomastigotes i ... | 2011 | 21515704 |