| characterization of a novel ranavirus isolated from grouper epinephelus tauvina. | a large icosahedral virus was isolated from diseased grouper epinephelus tauvina. the virus grew well in several cultured fish cell lines, with stable and high infectivity after serial passages in grouper cell line (gp). the virus was sensitive to both acid and heat treatments. virus replication was inhibited by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (iudr), indicative of a dna-containing genome. the virus infectivity was reduced with ether treatment, suggesting that the virus was lipid-enveloped. electron micro ... | 2003 | 12608562 |
| development of a flow cytometry based method for rapid and sensitive detection of a novel marine fish iridovirus in cell culture. | a sensitive and accurate flow cytometry (fcm) based method has been developed to detect and quantitate a novel marine fish iridovirus (singapore grouper iridovirus, sgiv) after amplification in cell cultures. confluent grouper cell (gp) monolayers were infected with sgiv. when advanced cytopathic effect (cpe) appeared, the cell cultures were fixed and permeabilized, and then reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific against sgiv, followed by a second antibody conjugated with fitc (anti-mouse i ... | 2005 | 15737416 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) ilf2 gene (ecilf2). | interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 (ilf2), also named as nuclear factor 45 (nf45), plays important roles in regulating interleukin-2 expression in mammals. in the present study, a novel ilf2 gene (designated ecilf2) was cloned and well characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ecilf2 cdna is composed of 1544 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 387 amino acids with 98% identity to ilf2 of atlantic salmon. the genomic dna of ecilf2 consists of 14 exons and 1 ... | 2010 | 21109006 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two novel hepcidins from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides is one of the most important economic species of marine-cultured fish in china and southeast asia countries. however, very little information of the innate immune mechanisms against microbial pathogens is available in grouper, epinephelus sp. hepcidin, as an antimicrobial peptide (amp), is a very important component in the innate immune system and widespread in fish. in this study, two novel types of hepcidin gene (designated ec-hepcidin1 and ec-hepci ... | 2010 | 21145974 |
| identification and functional characterization of an interferon regulatory factor 7-like (irf7-like) gene from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | interferon regulatory factor (irf) 7 plays a crucial role in modulating cellular responses to viral infection and cytokines, including interferons (ifns). in the present study, a novel irf7 gene (designated as ecirf7) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ecirf7 cdna is composed of 2089 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 433 amino acids with 81% identity to irf7 of siniperca chuatsi, and the genomic dna of ecirf7 consists of 9 exons and 8 in ... | 2011 | 21295068 |
| entry of a novel marine dna virus, singapore grouper iridovirus, into host cells occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis in a ph-dependent manner. | iridoviruses are nucleocytoplasmic dna viruses which cause great economic losses in the aquaculture industry but also show significant threat to global biodiversity. however, a lack of host cells has resulted in poor progress in clarifying iridovirus behavior. we investigated the crucial events during virus entry using a combination of single-virus tracking and biochemical assays, based on the established virus-cell infection model for singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). sgiv infection in host ... | 2014 | 25165116 |
| visualization of assembly intermediates and budding vacuoles of singapore grouper iridovirus in grouper embryonic cells. | iridovirid infection is associated with the catastrophic loss in aquaculture industry and the population decline of wild amphibians and reptiles, but none of the iridovirid life cycles have been well explored. here, we report the detailed visualization of the life cycle of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) in grouper cells by cryo-electron microscopy (cryoem) and tomography (et). em imaging revealed that sgiv viral particles have an outer capsid layer, and the interaction of this layer with ce ... | 2016 | 26727547 |
| isolation and function analysis of apolipoprotein a-i gene response to virus infection in grouper. | apolipoproteins, synthesized mainly in liver and intestine and bounded to lipids, play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. in this study, an apolipoprotein a-i gene homologue was cloned from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides (designed as ec-apoa-i) by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-apoa-i was comprised of 1278 bp with a 792 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a putative protein of 264 amino acids. q ... | 2015 | 25613342 |
| functional genomics analysis of singapore grouper iridovirus: complete sequence determination and proteomic analysis. | here we report the complete genome sequence of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). sequencing of the random shotgun and restriction endonuclease genomic libraries showed that the entire sgiv genome consists of 140,131 nucleotide bp. one hundred sixty-two open reading frames (orfs) from the sense and antisense dna strands, coding for lengths varying from 41 to 1,268 amino acids, were identified. computer-assisted analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that 77 of the orfs exhibited ... | 0 | 15507645 |
| transcriptome analysis of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) spleen in response to singapore grouper iridovirus. | orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) is an economically important marine fish cultured in china and southeast asian countries. the emergence of infectious viral diseases, including iridovirus and betanodavirus, have severely affected food products based on this species, causing heavy economic losses. limited available information on the genomics of e. coioides has hampered the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie host-virus interactions. in this study, we used a 454 p ... | 2011 | 22078027 |
| novel histone h3 binding protein orf158l from the singapore grouper iridovirus. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), a major pathogen of concern for grouper aquaculture, has a double-stranded dna (dsdna) genome with 162 predicted open reading frames, for which a total of 62 sgiv proteins have been identified. one of these, orf158l, bears no sequence homology to any other known protein. knockdown of orf158l using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides resulted in a significant decrease in virus yield in grouper embryonic cells. orf158l was observed in nuclei and virus assembl ... | 2011 | 21715494 |
| establishment and characterization of a new cell line derived from kidney of grouper, epinephelus akaara (temminck & schlegel), susceptible to singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). | a marine fish cell line derived from the kidney of red-spotted grouper, epinephelus akaara, designated as eagk was established and characterized. the eagk cells multiplied well in leibovitz's l-15 medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum at 25ôçâ-¦c and have been subcultured for more than 90 passages. karyotyping, chromosomal typing and ribosomal rna (rrna) genotyping analysis revealed that eagk had a modal diploid chromosome number of 82 and was a fibroblast cell line originated from grouper. ... | 2011 | 21838711 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a new g-type lysozyme gene (ec-lysg) in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | lysozyme acts as an innate immunity molecule against pathogen infection. in this study, a new g-type lysozyme gene with a typical g-type lysozyme domain (designated as ec-lysg) was cloned and characterized from the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-lysg cdna contains 1419 bp and encodes a 256-residue protein containing a 25-residue signal peptide at the n-terminus. blast analysis reveals ec-lysg shares 64% identity with siniperca chuatsi, but 63% to another reporte ... | 2014 | 24877656 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of c-type lysozyme gene in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | lysozymes are key proteins of the host innate immune system against pathogen infection. in this study, a c-type lysozyme gene (ec-lysc) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-lysc cdna is composed of 533 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 144-residue protein with 94% identity to lysc of kelp grouper, epinephelus bruneus. the genomic dna of ec-lysc consists of 4 exons and 3 introns, with a total length of 1897 bp. amino acid sequence alignm ... | 2012 | 22579550 |
| a new leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 from marine fish grouper, epinephelus coioides: molecular cloning and expression analysis. | leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (lect2) is a multifunctional protein involved in cell growth, differentiation and autoimmunity. in this study, a new leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (eclect2) gene was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides, by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna sequence of eclect2 was 595 bp in size, containing a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 44 bp and a 3'-utr of 83 bp. the deduced protein sequence of the open reading frame (465 bp) sh ... | 2011 | 21763428 |
| singapore grouper iridovirus, a large dna virus, induces nonapoptotic cell death by a cell type dependent fashion and evokes erk signaling. | virus induced cell death, including apoptosis and nonapoptotic cell death, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), a novel iridovirus of genus ranavirus, causes high mortality and heavy economic losses in grouper aquaculture. here, using fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and biochemical assays, we found that sgiv infection in host (grouper spleen, eags) cells evoked nonapoptotic programmed cell death (pcd), characterized by app ... | 2011 | 21656148 |
| identification of a novel marine fish virus, singapore grouper iridovirus-encoded micrornas expressed in grouper cells by solexa sequencing. | micrornas (mirnas) are ubiquitous non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. an increasing number of studies has revealed that viruses can also encode mirnas, which are proposed to be involved in viral replication and persistence, cell-mediated antiviral immune response, angiogenesis, and cell cycle regulation. singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a pathogenic iridovirus that has severely affected grouper aquaculture in china and southeast asia. comprehens ... | 2011 | 21559453 |
| proteomic analysis of singapore grouper iridovirus envelope proteins and characterization of a novel envelope protein vp088. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is an enveloped virus causing heavy economic losses to marine fish culture. the envelope fractions of sgiv were separated from the purified virions by triton x-100 treatment, and subjected to 1-de-maldi-tof/tof-ms/ms and lc-maldi-tof/tof-ms/ms analysis. a total of 19 virus-encoded envelope proteins were identified in this study and 73.7% (13/17) of them were predicted to be membrane proteins. three viral envelope proteins were uniquely identified by 1-de-maldi ... | 2011 | 21538879 |
| roles of stress-activated protein kinases in the replication of singapore grouper iridovirus and regulation of the inflammatory responses in grouper cells. | stress-activated protein kinases (sapks), including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 mapk) and c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), are usually activated in response to different environmental stimuli, including virus infection. in the present study, the roles of sapks during singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) infection were investigated in fish cells. the results showed that increased phosphorylation of jnk1/2 and p38 mapk occurred during active replication of sgiv in grouper cell cultures. ... | 2011 | 21402598 |
| establishment and characterization of a new marine fish cell line derived from red-spotted grouper epinephelus akaara. | a new marine fish cell line, eagl, derived from the liver of red-spotted grouper epinephelus akaara was established and characterized. the cells multiplied well in minimum essential medium (mem) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs) at temperatures between 25 and 30° c. the growth rate of this cell line increased as the proportion of fbs increased from 5 to 20% at 25° c, with maximum growth at the concentration of 15 or 20% fbs. morphologically, the cells were epithelial-like and the p ... | 2010 | 21039492 |
| identification and characterization of a novel capsid protein encoded by singapore grouper iridovirus orf038l. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is an important pathogen isolated from grouper, epinephelus tauvina, and characterized as a novel ranavirus. to better understand the function of viral structural genes involved in sgiv infection and virus-host interactions, a candidate gene, vp38 (orf038l), was investigated in this study. sgiv vp38 was found to encode a 170-aa peptide containing an rgd motif, and it showed significant identity only to members of the genus iridovirus, family iridoviridae, exce ... | 2010 | 20130938 |
| iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses. | viruses in three genera of the family iridoviridae (iridoviruses) affect finfish. ranaviruses and megalocytiviruses are recently emerged pathogens. both cause severe systemic disease, occur globally and affect a diversity of hosts. in contrast, lymphocystiviruses cause superficial lesions and rarely cause economic loss. the ranavirus epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) from australia was the first iridovirus to cause epizootic mortality in finfish. like other ranaviruses, it lacks hos ... | 2010 | 20050967 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a c-type lectin (ec-ctl) in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | c-type lectins play crucial roles in pathogen recognition, innate immunity, and cell-cell interactions. in this study, a new c-type lectin (ec-ctl) gene was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides by expressed sequence tag (est) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-ctl was composed of 840 bp with a 651 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a 216-residue protein. the deduced amino acid sequence of ec-ctl possessed all conserved features crucial for the ... | 2010 | 19879363 |
| identification and characterization of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) orf162l, an immediate-early gene involved in cell growth control and viral replication. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a major pathogen resulting in heavy economic losses to grouper aquaculture. in this study, sgiv orf162l encoding a putative homolog of icp46 was identified and characterized. interestingly, icp46 could be found in all sequenced iridoviruses and is considered as a core gene of the family iridoviridae. sgiv icp46 was classified as an immediate-early (ie) gene during in vitro infection using drug inhibition analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reac ... | 2010 | 19800375 |
| ranavirus phylogeny and differentiation based on major capsid protein, dna polymerase and neurofilament triplet h1-like protein genes. | in this study, we developed new methods for differentiation of ranaviruses based on polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis of dna polymerase and neurofilament triplet h1-like (nf-h1) protein gene. using these methods, we were able to differentiate the 6 known ranaviruses--bohle iridovirus (biv), european catfish virus (ecv), epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv), european sheatfish virus (esv), frog virus 3 (fv3) and singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv)--with 3 less ch ... | 2009 | 19694168 |
| characterization of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) orf086r, a putative homolog of icp18 involved in cell growth control and virus replication. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), as a causative agent of serious systemic disease, causes significant economic losses in grouper aquaculture. in this study, a novel icp18 homolog encoded by sgiv orf086r was identified and characterized. strikingly, icp18 homologs can be found in all ranaviruses, but not in other sequenced large dna viruses. sgiv icp18 is an immediate-early gene and begins to be transcribed as early as 2 h post-infection (p.i.). western blotting indicated that sgiv icp18 is t ... | 2009 | 19629635 |
| complete sequence determination of a novel reptile iridovirus isolated from soft-shelled turtle and evolutionary analysis of iridoviridae. | soft-shelled turtle iridovirus (stiv) is the causative agent of severe systemic diseases in cultured soft-shelled turtles (trionyx sinensis). to our knowledge, the only molecular information available on stiv mainly concerns the highly conserved stiv major capsid protein. the complete sequence of the stiv genome is not yet available. therefore, determining the genome sequence of stiv and providing a detailed bioinformatic analysis of its genome content and evolution status will facilitate furthe ... | 2009 | 19439104 |
| itraq analysis of singapore grouper iridovirus infection in a grouper embryonic cell line. | we report, here, the first proteomics study of a grouper embryonic cell line (gec) infected by singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). the differential proteomes of gec with and without viral infection were studied and quantified with itraq labelling followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). forty-nine viral proteins were recognized, of which 11 were identified for the first time. moreover, 743 host proteins were revealed and classified into 218 unique protein groups. f ... | 2008 | 18931085 |
| identification and characterization of a putative lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf) homolog from singapore grouper iridovirus. | lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf), a transcription factor, can regulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) transcription. here, a novel litaf homolog encoded by singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv litaf) was identified and characterized. the putative sgiv litaf encoded a protein of 104 amino acids (aa) with a predicted molecular mass of 11.6 kda. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and western blot analyses of sgiv-infected cells revealed that sgiv litaf was an early viral g ... | 2008 | 18554501 |
| temporal and differential gene expression of singapore grouper iridovirus. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), an iridovirus in the genus ranavirus, is a major pathogen that results in significant economic losses in grouper aquaculture. to investigate further its infective mechanisms, for the first time, a viral dna microarray was generated for the sgiv genome to measure the expression of its predicted open reading frames simultaneously in vitro. by using the viral dna microarray, the temporal gene expression of sgiv was characterized and the dna microarray data were ... | 2006 | 16963749 |
| proteomic studies of the singapore grouper iridovirus. | the singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) genome consists of a double-stranded circular dna of 140,131 base pairs with 162 predicted open reading frames. our earlier study using peptide mass fingerprints generated from maldi-tof ms led to the identification of 26 viral proteins. the present investigation aimed to achieve a more comprehensive and precise identification of the sgiv viral proteome by two workflows: one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-de) separation followed by protein identificati ... | 2006 | 16263702 |
| development and characterization of a new tropical marine fish cell line from grouper, epinephelus coioides susceptible to iridovirus and nodavirus. | the development and characterization of a new tropical marine fish cell line (gs), derived from the spleen of orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides is described. the gs cells grow well in leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured more than 200 times. the optimal growth temperature was 27 degrees c. the gs cell culture consisted of mostly fibroblastic cells. the modal diploid chromosome number was 48. gs cell cultures showed advanced cytop ... | 2006 | 16137774 |
| in situ hybridization of a marine fish virus, singapore grouper iridovirus with a nucleic acid probe of major capsid protein. | a dna probe of 531 base pairs for singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) was generated by polymerase chain reaction and labeled with nonradioactive digoxigenin. an in situ hybridization based method was developed to detect sgiv in formalin-fixed tissues from maricultured malabar grouper, epinephelus malabaricus bloch and schneider. the in situ hybridization detected sgiv in the kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, stomach and gills from naturally infected fish. strong hybridization signals were obtain ... | 2004 | 15041208 |
| antiviral properties of hemocyanin isolated from shrimp penaeus monodon. | penaeid shrimp aquaculture has suffered from many diseases, especially from viral origin such as white spot syndrome virus (wssv). in an attempt to obtain antiviral-relevant proteins, two peptides with molecular masses at 73 and 75kda were isolated from shrimp penaeus monodon using affinity chromatography coupled with the purified wssv or a fish iridovirus (singapore grouper iridovirus, sgiv), and identified as hemocyanin by mass spectrometry. the results, using fish viruses capable of cell cult ... | 2004 | 14670582 |
| ttrap is a critical factor in grouper immune response to virus infection. | ttrap (traf and tnf receptor-associated protein) is latest identified cytosolic protein that serves as a negative regulator for tnf signaling pathway. in this study, a member of tnf superfamily, ttrap gene (designed as ecttrap) was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides. there was an exo_endo_phos type domain in ecttrap, and it was well conserved when compared with other ttraps, especially the endonuclease activity related motifs. ecttrap exhibited prominent endonuclease activity against the ... | 2015 | 26172204 |
| identification and characterization of trp14, a thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kda from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | thioredoxin (abbreviated as trx) is an important ubiquitous disulfide reductase, which can protect organisms against various oxidative stresses. in the present study, a thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kda (named as ec-trp14) was identified from the marine fish grouper, epinephelus coioides by race pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-trp14 was comprised of 1066 bp with a 372 bp open reading frame that encodes a putative protein of 123 amino acids. similar to most trp14s, ec-trp14 contained the cons ... | 2013 | 23994424 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of a thioredoxin from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | thioredoxins (trxs) are a family of small, highly conserved proteins that are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. in this study, a thioredoxin gene was cloned from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides (designated as ec-trx). the full-length cdna of ec-trx was comprised of 767bp with a 327bp open reading frame that encodes a putative protein of 108 amino acids. quantitative real-time pcr analysis revealed that the ec-trx mrna was distributed abundantly in grouper, e. co ... | 2012 | 22595860 |
| evolutionary conservation of molecular structure and antiviral function of a viral receptor, lgp2, in amphioxus branchiostoma japonicum. | rig-i-like (where rig-i is retinoic acid inducible gene i) receptor lgp2 (where lgp2 is laboratory of genetics and physiology) is an important intracellular receptor that recognizes viral rnas in innate immunity, but its origin and evolution remains unknown. here we clearly demonstrate the presence of a rig-i-like receptor, bjlgp2, in the basal chordate amphioxus. it is predominantly expressed in the hepatic caecum and hindgut, and is upregulated following challenge with poly(i:c). bjlgp2 is dis ... | 2015 | 26442622 |
| establishment and characterization of a cell line from the head kidney of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus and its application in toxicology and virus susceptibility. | a cell line derived from the head kidney of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus (tohk) was established and characterized in this study. the tohk cells grew most rapidly at 28° c and the optimum foetal bovine serum concentration in l-15 medium was 10%. the tohk cells have a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 54. the transfection efficiency of tohk cells was 7·5% at the 15th passage and 72% at the 40th passage. the transfection efficiency in tohk cells was high, so these cells are suitable for foreig ... | 2017 | 28271507 |
| establishment and characterization of a mid-kidney cell line derived from golden pompano trachinotus ovatus, a new cell model for virus pathogenesis and toxicology studies. | golden pompano trachinotus ovatus, a popularly cultured and commercially important marine fish worldwide, has been recognized as a promising candidate for mariculture. however, outbreaks of infectious bacterial or viral diseases and environmental deterioration have led to great economic losses in t. ovatus aquaculture recently. in our research, we established a new mid-kidney cell line, designated as tok, from golden pompano, t. ovatus. the optimized growth temperature and working concentration ... | 2016 | 27981423 |
| negative regulation of the antiviral response by grouper lgp2 against fish viruses. | laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (lgp2), a member of rig-i like receptor (rlr) family, plays crucial roles in modulating cellular antiviral response during viral infection. however, the detailed roles of lgp2 in different virus infection were controversial up to now. here, we cloned a lgp2 gene from orange-spotted grouper (eclgp2) and investigated its roles in response to grouper virus infection. eclgp2 encoded a 678-aa protein which shared 83% identity to sea perch (lateolabrax japonicas ... | 2016 | 27436518 |
| fish trim32 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against iridovirus and nodavirus. | tripartite motif-containing 32 (trim32) has been demonstrated to pay vital roles in cancer, genetic disorders and antiviral immunity. however, the molecular functions of fish trim32 still remained largely unknown. here, a novel trim32 gene from orange spotted grouper (ectrim32) was cloned and characterized. ectrim32 encoded a 685-aa protein which showed 93%, and 60% identity to large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea) and human (homo sapiens), respectively. amino acid alignment showed that ect ... | 2017 | 27847343 |
| fish trim16l exerts negative regulation on antiviral immune response against grouper iridoviruses. | tripartite motif 16 (trim16), has been demonstrated to act as a tumor suppressor through affecting cell proliferation and migration or tumorigenicity in carcigenesis. however, the roles of trim16 in immune response were unknown up to now. here, we cloned a trim16-like gene (trim16l) from orange spotted grouper (ectrim16l) and investigated its roles in response to virus infection. ectrim16l encoded a 478 amino acid peptide which showed 72% and 29% identity to large yellow croaker (larimichthys cr ... | 2016 | 27815200 |
| antiviral function of tachyplesin i against iridovirus and nodavirus. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are ubiquitously found in living organisms and are an important component in innate immune response. tachyplesin i is a potent antimicrobial peptide isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus. previous studies have shown that the 17-residue peptide exhibits a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. however, the efficiencies and defense mechanisms of the tac ... | 2016 | 27633674 |
| establishment and characterization of a novel cell line from the brain of golden pompano (trachinotus ovatus). | golden pompano is a commercially important marine fish that is widely cultured in china, japan, and southeast asian countries but has been seriously threatened by pathogen. a novel cell line (togb) derived from the brain of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus was established and characterized in this study. togb cell line showed high virus susceptibility, especially grouper nervous necrosis virus (gnnv) and singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). as one of the most devastating viruses in marine fish ... | 2016 | 26822430 |
| fish trim39 regulates cell cycle progression and exerts its antiviral function against iridovirus and nodavirus. | the tripartite motif (trim)-containing proteins exert important immune regulatory roles through regulating different signaling pathways in response to different stimuli. trim39, a member of the trim family, is a ring domain-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase which could regulate cell cycle progression and apoptosis. however, the antiviral activity of trim39 is not explored. here, a trim39 homolog from grouper, epinephelus coioides (ectrim39) was cloned, and its effects on cell cycle progression and ... | 2016 | 26784918 |
| ring domain is essential for the antiviral activity of trim25 from orange spotted grouper. | tripartite motif-containing 25 (trim25) has been demonstrated to exert crucial roles in the regulation of innate immune signaling. however, the roles of fish trim25 in antiviral immune response still remained uncertain. here, a novel fish trim25 gene from orange spotted grouper (ectrim25) was cloned and its roles in grouper virus infection were elucidated. ectrim25 encoded a 734-aa protein which shared 68% identity to large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea). amino acid alignment showed that e ... | 2016 | 27276113 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) genes from grouper (epinephelus coioides). | small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) is a group of proteins binding to lysine residues of target proteins and thereby modifying their stability, activity and subcellular localization. in the present study, two sumo homolog genes (ecsumo1 and ecsumo2) from grouper (epinephelus coioides) were cloned and characterized. the full-length sequence of ecsumo1 was 749 bp in length and contained a predicted open reading frame of 306 bp encoding 101 amino acids with a molecular mass of 11.34 kda. the full- ... | 2016 | 26616235 |
| identification of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) interferon regulatory factor 3 involved in antiviral immune response against fish rna virus. | interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) is an important transcription factor which regulates the expression of interferon (ifn) and ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) following virus recognition. in this study, a novel irf3 gene was cloned from grouper epinephelus coioides (ecirf3) and its effects against singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) and red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) was investigated. the full-length of ecirf3 cdna was composed of 2513 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 458 amino ... | 2015 | 25463297 |
| medaka haploid embryonic stem cells are susceptible to singapore grouper iridovirus as well as to other viruses of aquaculture fish species. | viral infection is a challenge in high-density aquaculture, as it leads to various diseases and causes massive or even complete loss. the identification and disruption of host factors that viruses utilize for infection offer a novel approach to generate viral-resistant seed stocks for cost-efficient and sustainable aquaculture. genetic screening in haploid cell cultures represents an ideal tool for host factor identification. we have recently generated haploid embryonic stem (es) cells in the la ... | 2013 | 23828270 |
| molecular cloning, characterization of one key molecule of teleost innate immunity from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides): serum amyloid a. | the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), a favorite marine food fish, is widely cultured in china and southeast asian countries. however, little is known about its acute phase response (apr) caused by viral diseases. serum amyloid a (saa) is a major acute phase protein (app). in this study, a new saa homologous (ecsaa) gene was cloned from grouper, e. coioides, by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna sequence of saa was 508 bp and contained a 363 bp open re ... | 2013 | 23178260 |
| involvement of fish signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) in nodavirus infection induced cell death. | the janus kinase (jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway activated by interferons in response to virus infection. fish stat3 has been demonstrated to be involved in singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) infection and virus induced paraptosis, but its effects on the replication of other fish viruses still remained uncertain. here, the roles of grouper stat3 (ec-stat3) in red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) infe ... | 2015 | 25555814 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two types of iκbα orthologues in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | inhibitors of kappa b (iκbs) are the members of primary regulators of nf-κb, which can inhibit nf-κb activity by blocking the nf-κb in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. in this study, two types of iκbα orthologues (eciκbαa and eciκbαb) from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, were cloned and characterized. eciκbαa and eciκbαb encoded putative proteins containing 308 and 318 amino acids, which shared 59% and 53% identity to iκbαa and iκbαb of danio rerio, respectively. amino acid sequ ... | 2014 | 24594011 |
| identification and characterization of rab7 from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | rab7 is a small gtpase that regulates vesicular traffic from early to late endosomal stages of the endocytic pathway. during the virus-host co-evolution, host rab7 was also exploited by virus to complete their life cycle. to date, however, the roles of fish rab7 in virus infection remained largely unknown. here, we cloned and characterized a rab7 gene from grouper, epinephelus coioides (ec-rab7). the full-length ec-rab7 cdna was composed of 1182 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 207 amino acids wh ... | 2014 | 24161772 |
| characterization of lps-induced tnfα factor (litaf) from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | lipopolysaccharide-induced tnfα factor (litaf) is an important transcription factor that mediates cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. in the present study, we cloned and characterized a litaf gene from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) (ec-litaf). ec-litaf encoded a predicted 142 amino acid protein which shared 74% identity to sablefish (anoplopoma fimbria) litaf homolog. multiple amino acid alignment showed that ec-litaf contained a typical litaf domain with two cxxc motifs. p ... | 2013 | 24091064 |
| establishment of a new cell line from the snout tissue of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus, and its application in virus susceptibility. | a new marine-fish cell line, designated gps, was established from the snout tissue of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus. gps cells multiplied well in leibovitz's l-15 containing 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs) at 28° c and the cells have been subcultured for >60 passages. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of 16s ribosomal (r)rna confirmed the origin of this cell line from t. ovatus. chromosome analysis showed that gps cells exhibited chromosomal aneuploidy with a modal chromosome numbe ... | 2016 | 27146361 |
| selection and identification of singapore grouper iridovirus vaccine candidate antigens using bioinformatics and dna vaccination. | in this study, we described a rapid and efficient method which integrated the bioinformatic prediction and dna vaccine technology to identify vaccine candidates against singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). the 162 previously defined open reading frames (orfs) of sgiv were subjected to extensive sequence similarity searches, as well as motif, cellular location, and domain prediction. based on our analysis, 13 genes were chosen and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcdna 3.1. in vitro a ... | 2012 | 22698389 |
| mkk7 confers different activities to viral infection of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) and nervous necrosis virus (nnv) in grouper. | mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (mkk7) is one of the major stress-activated protein kinase (sapk)-activating kinases in response to environmental or physiological stimuli. here a mkk7 named as ec-mkk7 was identified from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length cdna of ec-mkk7 was 1853 bp, with an open reading frame (orf) of 1272 bp encoding a putative protein of 423 amino acids. a characteristic s-k-a-k-t motif was contained in the domain of dual-specificity protein kina ... | 2016 | 27601297 |
| c-jun n-terminal kinases 3 (jnk3) from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, inhibiting the replication of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) and sgiv-induced apoptosis. | c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnks), a subgroup of serine-threonine protein kinases that activated by phosphorylation, are involve in physiological and pathophysiological processes. jnk3 is one of jnk proteins involved in jnk3 signaling transduction. in the present study, two jnk3 isoforms, ec-jnk3 x1 and ec-jnk3 x2, were cloned from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. both ec-jnk3 x1 and ec-jnk3 x2 were mainly expressed in liver, gill, skin, brain and muscle of juvenile grouper. the relat ... | 2016 | 27422159 |
| development and characterization of aptamer-based enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay for the detection of singapore grouper iridovirus infection. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a devastating aquaculture virus responsible for heavy economic losses to grouper, epinephelus sp. aquaculture. the aim of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for sgiv infections in infected groupers. | 2016 | 27124762 |
| bnip3, a cell pro-apoptotic protein, involved in response to viral infection in orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | bnip3 is a kind of bh3-only protein that induces both cell death and autophagy. here, a bnip3 gene (ecbnip3) was identified from orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. ecbnip3 possessed 236 amino acids residues, contained a conservative bnip3 domain and a transmembrane region. besides, ecbnip3 expressed at a relative high level in heart and spleen. ecbnip3 transcript was up-regulated after sgiv infection in vitro. subcellular localization analysis revealed that ecbnip3 was predominantly l ... | 2017 | 28359943 |
| jnk1 derived from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, involving in the evasion and infection of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). | c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) regulates cellular responses to various extracellular stimuli, environmental stresses, pathogen infections, and apoptotic agents. here, a jnk1, ec-jnk1, was identified from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. ec-jnk1 has been found involving in the immune response to pathogen challenges in vivo, and the infection of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) and sgiv-induced apoptosis in vitro. sgiv infection activated ec-jnk1, of which phosphorylation of motif t ... | 2016 | 26903999 |
| grouper trim13 exerts negative regulation of antiviral immune response against nodavirus. | the tripartite motif (trim)-containing proteins have attracted particular attention to their multiple functions in different biological processes. trim13, a member of the trim family, is a ring domain-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase which plays critical roles in diverse cellular processes including cell death, cancer and antiviral immunity. in this study, a trim13 homolog from orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides (ectrim13) was cloned and characterized. the full-length of ectrim13 cdna en ... | 2016 | 27235367 |
| fish trim8 exerts antiviral roles through regulation of the proinflammatory factors and interferon signaling. | the tripartite motif (trim)-containing proteins usually exert important regulatory roles during multiple biological processes. trim8 has been demonstrated to be a ring domain-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase which plays critical roles in inflammation and cancer. in this study, a trim8 homolog from grouper, epinephelus coioides (ectrim8) was cloned, and its effects on fish virus replication were investigated. the full-length ectrim8 cdna encoded a polypeptide of 568 amino acids with 92% identity to ... | 2016 | 27150052 |
| antiviral function of grouper mda5 against iridovirus and nodavirus. | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) is a critical member of retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr) family which can recognize viral rna and enhances antiviral response in host cells. in this study, a mda5 homolog from orange spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) (ecmda5) was cloned, and its roles on grouper virus infection were characterized. the full-length ecmda5 cdna encoded a polypeptide of 982 amino acids with 74% identity with mda5 homolog from rock bream ... | 2016 | 27050314 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a galectin-1 homolog in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | as a member of animal lectin family, galectin has the functions of pathogen recognition, anti-bacteria and anti-virus. in the present study, a galectin-1 homolog (ecgel-1) from grouper (epinephelus coioides) was cloned and its possible role in fish immunity was analyzed. the full length cdna of ecgel-1 is 504 bp, including a 408 bp open reading frame (orf) which encodes 135 amino acids with a molecular mass of 15.19 kda. quantitative real-time pcr analysis indicated that ecgel-1 was constitutive ... | 2016 | 27109200 |
| identification of the bcl-2 family protein gene bok from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) involved in sgiv infection. | apoptosis plays vital roles in many physiological process and immune response. bok is one of the central regulators in apoptosis. in this study, a new bok homolog (ec-bok) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. ec-bok encoded a 210 amino acid peptides which shared 97% identity to stegastes partitus bok protein, contained four bh domains and one transmembrane region. ec-bok widely expressed in all analyzed tissues with the higher expressions in kidney and ... | 2016 | 26994672 |
| molecular clone and characterization of c-jun n-terminal kinases 2 from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | c-jun n-terminal kinase 2 (jnk2) is a multifunctional mitogen-activated protein kinases involving in cell differentiation and proliferation, apoptosis, immune response and inflammatory conditions. in this study, we reported a new jnk2 (ec-jnk2) derived from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length cdna of ec-jnk2 was 1920 bp in size, containing a 174 bp 5'-untranslated region (utr), 483 bp 3'-utr, and a 1263 bp open reading frame (orf), which encoded a putative protein of 42 ... | 2016 | 26691306 |
| involvement of fish signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) in sgiv replication and virus induced paraptosis. | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) is an important transcription factor which plays crucial roles in immune regulation, inflammation, cell proliferation, transformation, and other physiological processes of the organism. in this study, a novel stat3 gene from orange spotted grouper (ec-stat3) was cloned and characterized. bioinformatic analysis revealed that full-length of ec-stat3 was 3105-bp long and contained a 280-bp 5'utr, a 470-bp 3'utr, and a 2355-bp open reading f ... | 2014 | 25230133 |
| function analysis of fish tollip gene in response to virus infection. | toll-interacting protein (tollip) is one of the important regulatory proteins of toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling pathways. in previous studies, a tollip sequence of grouper (epinephelus coioides) was identified and the signal transduction functions of tollip were studied. however, the response of tollip to virus infection has not been characterized from grouper. in the present paper, the tollip homolog (ettollip) from grouper (epinephelus tauvina) was cloned and its immune response to singapo ... | 2015 | 26476109 |
| isolation and characterization of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) from grouper, epinephelus tauvina. | tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) is one of the key adapter molecules in toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. in the present study, a traf6 (named as et-traf6) was identified from the marine fish grouper, epinephelus tauvina by race pcr. the full-length cdna of et-traf6 comprised 1949 bp with a 1713 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a putative protein of 570 amino acids. similar to most traf6s, et-tr ... | 2014 | 24811008 |
| establishment of a new cell line from the heart of giant grouper, epinephelus lanceolatus (bloch), and its application in toxicology and virus susceptibility. | a new marine fish cell line, derived from the heart of giant grouper, epinephelus lanceolatus (bloch), was established and characterized. the cell line was designated as elgh and subcultured with more than 60 passages. the elgh cells were mainly composed of fibroblast-like cells and multiplied well in leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs) at 28 °c. chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48. the fluorescent signals were detected in elg ... | 2015 | 24372271 |
| antiviral role of grouper sting against iridovirus infection. | stimulator of interferon genes (sting, also known as mita, eris, mpys or tmem173) has been identified as a central component in the innate immune response to cytosolic dna and rna derived from different pathogens. however, the detailed role of sting during fish iridovirus infection still remained largely unknown. here, the sting homolog from grouper epinephelus coioides (ecsting) was cloned and its effects on ifn response and antiviral activity were investigated. the full-length ecsting cdna was ... | 2015 | 26359551 |
| molecular cloning, expression and functional analysis of isg15 in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | interferon-stimulated gene 15 (isg15) is an ubiquitin homolog that is significantly induced by type i interferons or viral infections. groupers, epinephelus spp. being maricultured in china and southeast asian countries, always suffer from virus infection, including iridovirus and nodavirus. to date, the roles of grouper genes, especially interferon related genes in virus infection remained largely unknown. here, the isg15 homolog (ecisg15) was cloned from grouper epinephelus coioides and its im ... | 2013 | 23403156 |
| characterization of c-jun from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides involved in sgiv infection. | the nuclear phosphoprotein c-jun is a member of the ap1 family of transcription activating complex, can be induced by various extracellular stimuli such as virus infection. in this study, the c-jun gene (ec-c-jun) was cloned from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-c-jun cdna is composed of 2046 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 328 amino acids with 81% identity of zebrafish. amino acid alignment analysis indicated that ec-c-jun contained three conserved domains includ ... | 2015 | 25555808 |
| characterization of cathepsin b gene from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides involved in sgiv infection. | the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin b of papain family is a key regulator and signaling molecule that involves in various biological processes, such as the regulation of apoptosis and activation of virus. in the present study, cathepsin b gene (ec-cb) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-cb cdna was composed of 1918 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 330 amino acids with higher identities to cathepsin b of teleosts and mammalians. ... | 2014 | 24239598 |
| grouper translationally controlled tumor protein prevents cell death and inhibits the replication of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). | translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) is an important molecule involved in multiple biological processes, such as cell growth, cell cycle progression, malignant transformation, and enhancement of the anti-apoptotic activity. in this study, the tctp from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides (ec-tctp) was cloned and characterized. the full-length cdna of ec-tctp was comprised of 1057 bp with a 510 bp open reading frame that encodes a putative protein of 170 amino acids. recombinan ... | 2012 | 22986590 |
| immunogenicity and protective effects of inactivated singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) vaccines in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | vaccination is one of the best methods against viral diseases. in this study, experimental inactivated singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) vaccines were prepared, and immunogenicity and protection against virus infection of the vaccines were investigated in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. two kinds of vaccines, including β-propiolactone (bpl) inactivated virus at 4°c for 12 h and formalin inactivated virus at 4°c for 12 d, was highly protective against the challenge at 30-day post- ... | 2012 | 22885634 |
| comprehensive identification and profiling of host mirnas in response to singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) infection in grouper (epinephelus coioides). | micrornas (mirnas) are an evolutionarily conserved class of non-coding rna molecules that participate in various biological processes. employment of high-throughput screening strategies greatly prompts the investigation and profiling of mirnas in diverse species. in recent years, grouper (epinephelus spp.) aquaculture was severely affected by iridoviral diseases. however, knowledge regarding the host immune responses to viral infection, especially the mirna-mediated immune regulatory roles, is r ... | 2015 | 26027797 |
| quantitative study of proteomic alterations in a zebrafish (danio rerio) cell line infected with the singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). | we demonstrate, for the first time, that singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) can successfully infect a zebrafish cell line. combined with the recent availability of the complete zebrafish (danio rerio) genome, this provides an opportunity to investigate virus-host interactions at the molecular level. using itraq labeling and two-dimensional lc/ms/ms quantitative proteomics, 157 zebrafish proteins exhibiting significant alterations in expression levels following sgiv infection were identified. ge ... | 2015 | 25662022 |
| antiviral effects of β-defensin derived from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | defensins are a group of small antimicrobial peptides playing an important role in innate host defense. in this study, a β-defensin cloned from liver of orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, ecdefensin, showed a key role in inhibiting the infection and replication of two kinds of newly emerging marine fish viruses, an enveloped dna virus of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), and a non-enveloped rna virus of viral nervous necrosis virus (vnnv). the expression profiles of ecdefensin were ... | 2012 | 22343108 |
| characterization of p38 mapks from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides involved in sgiv infection. | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are broadly expressed signaling molecules that involves in the regulation of cellular responsible for various extracellular stimuli. in this study, three p38 mapk genes (ec-p38a, p38b and p38β) were cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides and their characteristics were investigated in vitro. although ec-p38a, p38b and p38β showed high homologies to other fish p38a mpak, p38b mapk and p38β mapk, respectively, they all contained the conserved structu ... | 2011 | 22005516 |
| differential profiles of gene expression in grouper epinephelus coioides, infected with singapore grouper iridovirus, revealed by suppression subtractive hybridization and dna microarray. | suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to generate a subtracted cdna library enriched with gene transcripts differentially expressed in the spleen of orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides after 5 days of infection with singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). in the forward and reverse-subtracted libraries, 260 and 153 non-redundant expressed sequence tags (est), respectively, were identified. these annotated genes responding to sgiv infection were grouped into eight gene categor ... | 2010 | 20646160 |
| isolation and characterization of a new class of dna aptamers specific binding to singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) with antiviral activities. | the singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), a member of the genus ranavirus, is a major viral pathogen that has caused heavy economic losses to the grouper aquaculture industry in china and southeast asia. no efficient method of controlling sgiv outbreaks is currently available. systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) is now widely used for the in vitro selection of artificial ssdna or rna ligands, known as aptamers, which bind to targets through their stable three-dimensi ... | 2014 | 24768847 |
| whole-genome transcriptional profiles of a novel marine fish iridovirus, singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) in virus-infected grouper spleen cell cultures and in orange-spotted grouper, epinephulus coioides. | a dna microarray containing all singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) open reading frames (orfs) was constructed to map the viral gene transcriptional profiles in virus-infected grouper spleen (gs) cells and in spleen tissues of virus-infected grouper. the results showed that viral genes started to be transcribed as early as 1 h postinfection (p.i.), and followed by a rapid increasing gene expression along with virus infection in cell cultures. the three temporal kinetic classes (15 immediate-earl ... | 2008 | 18555886 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of singapore grouper iridovirus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | the aim of this paper was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for rapid, sensitive and inexpensive detection of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) in grouper (gp), epinephelus sp. | 2008 | 18312563 |
| establishment of a cell line with high transfection efficiency from zebrafish danio rerio embryos and its susceptibility to fish viruses. | a cell line zbe3 isolated from a continuous cell culture derived from zebrafish danio rerio blastomeres by clonal growth was characterized. zbe3 cells had been subcultured for >120 passages since the initial primary culture of the blastomeres. the zbe3 cells grow stably at temperature from 20 to 32° c with an optimum temperature of 28° c in esm2 or esm4 medium with 15% foetal bovine serum (fbs). the optimum fbs concentration for zbe3 cell growth ranged from 15 to 20%. cytogenetical analysis indi ... | 2017 | 28833122 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of fadd from the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | fas-associated protein with death domain (fadd) is the key adaptor protein that transmits apoptotic signals mediated by the main death receptors. besides being an essential instrument in cell death, fadd is also implicated in proliferation, cell cycle progression, tumor development, inflammation, innate immunity, and autophagy. in the present study, a fadd homologue (ecfadd) from the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) was cloned and its possible role in fish immunity was analyzed. the ... | 2018 | 29355760 |
| tbk1 from orange-spotted grouper exerts antiviral activity against fish viruses and regulates interferon response. | tank-binding kinase-1 (tbk1) has been well studied in mammals because of its importance in type i interferon induction in antiviral immunity. however, the roles of fish tbk1 in virus infection still remained largely uncertain. in the current study, a tbk1 homolog from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) (ectbk1) was cloned and its roles in fish viral infections were investigated. sequence analysis showed that ectbk1 encoded a 723-amino acid peptide which shared 98% and 73% identity to ... | 2018 | 29222027 |
| establishment and characterization of a kidney cell line from kelp grouper epinephelus moara. | a novel cell line, epinephelus moara kidney cell line (emk), was established from kidneys of kelp grouper e. moara. cells were cultured at 24 °c in leibovitz's l-15 medium (l15) supplemented with antibiotics, basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf), foetal bovine serum (fbs) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-me). emk cells, fibroblastic in morphology, proliferated to 100% confluency in 3-4 days and were subcultured for over 50 passages. the cells could grow from 18 to 30 °c, with optimal growth at 24 °c. c ... | 2017 | 29214431 |
| fish trim35 negatively regulates the interferon signaling pathway in response to grouper nodavirus infection. | tripartite motif-containing protein 35 (trim35) has been demonstrated to exert critical roles in cancer, cell death and other multiple cell processes. however, the precisely roles of trim35 during virus infection still remained largely unknown. in the current study, we cloned a trim35 gene from orange spotted grouper (ectrim35) and uncovered its roles in response to nodavirus infection. ectrim35 encoded a 456-aa protein which showed 65% and 32% identity to large yellow croaker (larimichthys croc ... | 2017 | 28823982 |
| qtl mapping for resistance to iridovirus in asian seabass using genotyping-by-sequencing. | identifying quantitative trait loci (qtl) for viral disease resistance is of particular importance in selective breeding programs of fish species. genetic markers linked to qtl can be useful in marker-assisted selection (mas) for elites resistant to specific pathogens. here, we conducted a genome scan for qtl associated with singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) resistance in an asian seabass (lates calcarifer) family, using a high-density linkage map generated with genotyping-by-sequencing. one g ... | 2017 | 28758171 |
| singapore grouper iridovirus protein vp088 is essential for viral infectivity. | viral infection is a great challenge in healthcare and agriculture. the singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is highly infectious to numerous marine fishes and increasingly threatens mariculture and wildlife conservation. sgiv intervention is not available because little is known about key players and their precise roles in sgvi infection. here we report the precise role of vp088 as a key player in sgiv infection. vp088 was verified as an envelope protein encoded by late gene orf088. we show that ... | 2016 | 27498856 |
| rapid diagnosis of largemouth bass ranavirus in fish samples using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | largemouth bass ranavirus (lmbv) has been recognized as the causative pathogen responsible for infectious skin ulcerative syndrome in cultured largemouth bass in china. a fast and simple lmbv detection method is urgently needed. here, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was established for the detection of this virus using primers targeting the major capsid protein gene of lmbv. the amplification conditions were optimized; the assay was specific for the diagnosis of lmbv, as th ... | 2020 | 32268179 |
| subcellular redistribution and sequential recruitment of macromolecular components during sgiv assembly. | virus infection consists of entry, synthesis of macromolecular components, virus assembly and release. understanding of the mechanisms underlying each event is necessary for the intervention of virus infection in human healthcare and agriculture. here we report the visualization of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) assembly in the medaka haploid embryonic stem (es) cell line hx1. sgiv is a highly infectious dna virus that causes a massive loss in marine aquaculture. ectopic expression of vp88g ... | 2016 | 27430948 |
| a tumour necrosis factor receptor-like protein encoded by singapore grouper iridovirus modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and viral replication. | it has been demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor receptor (tnfr) homologues encoded by viruses are usually involved in virus immune evasion by regulating the host immune response or mediating apoptotic cell death. here, a novel tnfr-like protein encoded by singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv vp51) was cloned and characterized. amino acid analysis showed that vp51 contained three cysteine-rich domains (crds) and a transmembrane domain at its c terminus. the expression of vp51 in vitro enhanced ... | 2016 | 26691529 |
| characterization of the vp39 envelope protein from singapore grouper iridovirus. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a major pathogen that causes heavy economic losses to the grouper aquaculture industry in china and southeast asian countries. in the present study, a viral envelope protein, vp39, encoded by sgiv orf39l, was identified and characterized. sgiv orf39l was found in all sequenced iridoviruses and is now considered to be a core gene of the family iridoviridae. orf39l was classified as a late gene during in vitro infection using reverse transcription-polymerase ... | 2015 | 26524136 |
| selection and characterization of novel dna aptamers specifically recognized by singapore grouper iridovirus-infected fish cells. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a major viral pathogen of grouper aquaculture, and has caused heavy economic losses in china and south-east asia. in this study, we generated four ssdna aptamers against sgiv-infected grouper spleen (gs) cells using selex (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technology. four aptamers exhibited high affinity to sgiv-infected gs cells, in particular the q2 aptamer. q2 had a binding affinity of 12.09 nm, the highest of the four aptamers. ... | 2015 | 26310792 |
| singapore grouper iridovirus orf75r is a scaffold protein essential for viral assembly. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a member of nucleo cytoplasmic large dna viruses (ncldv). this paper reports the functional analysis of orf75r, a major structural protein of sgiv. immuno fluorescence studies showed that the protein was accumulated in the viral assembly site. immunogold-labelling indicated that it was localized between the viral capsid shell and dna core. knockdown of orf75r by morpholinos resulted in the reduction of coreshell thickness, the failure of dna encapsidation, ... | 2015 | 26286371 |
| singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) encoded sgiv-mir-13 attenuates viral infection via modulating major capsid protein expression. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) encodes a number of micrornas (mirnas) during infection. among these, sgiv-mir-13 has robust expression at early stage after sgiv inoculation, raising a huge possibility that it participates in the viral infection. in the present study, we found that sgiv-mir-13 overexpression led to a significant reduction in viral load in cultured fish cells with sgiv infection, as demonstrated by less level of viral transcripts, viral-induced cytopathic effect (cpe) and ass ... | 2015 | 25997929 |