| a newly discovered mycobacterial pathogen isolated from laboratory colonies of xenopus species with lethal infections produces a novel form of mycolactone, the mycobacterium ulcerans macrolide toxin. | mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of buruli ulcer, produces a macrolide toxin, mycolactone a/b, which is thought to play a major role in virulence. a disease similar to buruli ulcer recently appeared in united states frog colonies following importation of the west african frog, xenopus tropicalis. the taxonomic position of the frog pathogen has not been fully elucidated, but this organism, tentatively designated mycobacterium liflandii, is closely related to m. ulcerans and mycobacteri ... | 2005 | 15908356 |
| mycobacterium liflandii infection in european colony of silurana tropicalis. | mycobacterium liflandii causes a fatal frog disease in captive anurans. here we report, to our knowledge, the first epizootic of mycobacteriosis in a european colony of clawed frogs (silurana tropicalis), previously imported from a united states biologic supply company. our findings suggest the emerging potential of this infection through international trade. | 2007 | 17553255 |
| deciphering the genetic basis for polyketide variation among mycobacteria producing mycolactones. | background: mycolactones are immunosuppressive and cytotoxic polyketides, comprising five naturally occurring structural variants (named a/b, c, d, e and f), produced by different species of very closely related mycobacteria including the human pathogen, mycobacterium ulcerans. in m. ulcerans strain agy99, mycolactone a/b is produced by three highly homologous type i polyketide megasynthases (pks), whose genes (mlsa1: 51 kb, mlsa2: 7.2 kb and mlsb: 42 kb) are found on a 174 kb plasmid, known as ... | 2008 | 18840298 |
| synthesis and structure of mycolactone e isolated from frog mycobacterium. | the structure of mycolactone e, isolated from the frog pathogen mycobacterium liflandii, was established via organic synthesis. within the mycolactone family of metabolites, a structural variation has been seen only at the unsaturated fatty acid moiety thus far, and mycolactone e follows this observation. interestingly, the absolute configuration of its unsaturated fatty acid matches that of the mycolactones from human mycobacteria, rather than the structurally more closely related mycolactone f ... | 2008 | 18975952 |
| synthesis and structure assignment of the minor metabolite arising from the frog pathogen mycobacterium liflandii. | total synthesis and structure assignment of the minor metabolite present in lipid extracts of the frog pathogen mycobacterium liflandii are reported. | 2010 | 20305830 |
| mycobacterium liflandii outbreak in a research colony of xenopus (silurana) tropicalis frogs. | a research colony of xenopus (silurana) tropicalis frogs presented with nodular and ulcerative skin lesions. additional consistent gross findings included splenomegaly with multiple tan-yellow nodular foci in the spleen and liver of diseased frogs. copious acid-fast positive bacteria were present in touch impression smears of spleen, skin, and livers of diseased frogs. histologically, necrotizing and granulomatous dermatitis, splenitis, and hepatitis with numerous acid-fast bacilli were consiste ... | 2010 | 21118799 |
| chemistry of mycolactones, the causative toxins of buruli ulcer. | buruli ulcer is a severe and devastating skin disease caused by mycobacterium ulcerans infection, yet it is one of the most neglected diseases. the causative toxin, referred to as mycolactone a/b, was isolated and characterized as a polyketide-derived macrolide in 1999. the current status of the mycolactone chemistry is described, highlighting the stereochemistry assignment of mycolactone a/b; total synthesis; the structure determination of mycolactone congeners from the human pathogen m. ulcera ... | 2011 | 21383136 |
| selected emerging diseases of amphibia. | this review summarizes the most recent updates on emerging infectious diseases of amphibia. a brief summary of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, life cycle, diagnosis, treatment, and biosecurity is provided. ambystoma tigrinum virus, common midwife toad virus, frog virus 3, rana grylio virus, rana catesbeiana ranavirus, mahaffey road virus, rana esculenta virus, bohle iridovirus, and tiger frog virus ranaviruses are extensively reviewed. emerging bacterial patho ... | 2013 | 23642863 |
| fish and amphibians as potential reservoirs of mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of buruli ulcer disease. | buruli ulcer is a skin disease often associated with proximity to certain water bodies in africa. much remains unknown about the reservoir and transmission of this disease. previous studies have suggested that fish may concentrate mycobacterium ulcerans, the etiological agent of the disease, in their gills and intestines and serve as passive reservoirs of the bacterium. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that fish and amphibians serve as natural reservoirs of m. ulcerans or o ... | 2013 | 23440849 |
| complete genome sequence of the frog pathogen mycobacterium ulcerans ecovar liflandii. | in 2004, a previously undiscovered mycobacterium resembling mycobacterium ulcerans (the agent of buruli ulcer) was reported in an outbreak of a lethal mycobacteriosis in a laboratory colony of the african clawed frog xenopus tropicalis. this mycobacterium makes mycolactone and is one of several strains of m. ulcerans-like mycolactone-producing mycobacteria recovered from ectotherms around the world. here, we describe the complete 6,399,543-bp genome of this frog pathogen (previously unofficially ... | 2013 | 23204453 |
| propagation method of saving valuable strains from a mycobacterium liflandii infection in western clawed frogs (silurana tropicalis). | mycobacterium liflandii has been responsible for an emerging infection reported in the international trade of western clawed frogs (silurana tropicalis). this study shows that this mycolactone-producing mycobacterium (mpm) has expanded its distribution range to france. the results of this study suggest that the use of in vitro fertilization to maintain genetic lines could be a temporary solution for valuable s. tropicalis propagation. | 2012 | 22448506 |