| isolation of yucaipa virus. | | 1995 | 7502469 |
| antigenic heterogeneity of avian paramyxoviruses of serotype 2 ("yucaipa-like") isolated from domestic and wild birds in israel. | thirty-three viruses of pmv-2 serotype isolated in israel from domestic and wild birds during epizooty of a respiratory disease in 1979-1981 were studied comprehensively in comparison with a set of reference pmv-2 viruses using cross reaction hemagglutination inhibition tests, elution-hemagglutination pattern and pattern of migration of viral proteins in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the results demonstrated considerable heterogeneity amongst the local isolates by the above three criteria ... | 1995 | 7554820 |
| serological survey for avian paramyxoviruses from wildfowl in aquatic habitats in andalusia. | a serological survey for a range of avian paramyxoviruses (pmv) was carried out among wildfowl from southern spain, 1990 to 1992, using the hemagglutination inhibition technique. we collected 579 sera from 24 avian families (18 aquatic and six non-aquatic). antibodies were detected to all paramyxoviruses in waterfowl, with a notable prevalence of antibodies to pmv-8 (43%) and to a lesser extent pmv-6 (21%). by contrast, in non-aquatic species high antibody prevalences were detected only to pmv-2 ... | 1995 | 7563427 |
| deaths in budgerigars associated with a paramyxovirus-like agent. | | 1993 | 8212503 |
| evidence of ortho- and paramyxoviruses in fauna from antarctica. | serum antibodies to influenza a viruses and paramyxoviruses were detected in adelie penguin (pysoscelis adeliae) and antarctic skua (stercorarius skua maccormicki) sera in the ross sea dependency. an avian paramyxovirus was isolated from a penguin cloacal swab. | 1993 | 8258855 |
| isolation and characterization of paramyxoviruses from snakes and their relationship to avian paramyxoviruses. | several viruses were isolated from snakes which died during an outbreak of disease in a zoo. the viruses could be cultivated at 28 degrees c on a snake cell line (vh2, atcc ccl 140). in cell culture they formed syncytia, leading to destruction of the monolayer. the isolates were sensitive to treatment with chloroform but not to growth in the presence of iudr and revealed haemagglutinating activity with chicken erythrocytes. these results, combined with electron microscopic examination of the inf ... | 1995 | 8546020 |
| first isolation of avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 in israel. | | 1996 | 8650923 |
| antigenic characterisation of avian paramyxoviruses serotype 4 isolated from wild mallard (anas plathyrinchos) in israel. | | 1995 | 8693676 |
| characterization of bangor virus proteins by using monoclonal antibodies. | a new virus was isolated from a finch in quarantine in northern ireland in 1973. the virus had the morphological characteristics of a paramyxovirus, and was named bangor virus (bav). in order to identify the structural proteins of bav and to investigate the biological characterization of the virus, 28 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against bav were prepared. eight of these mabs reacted with the nucleocapsid protein (np), 10 with hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein, and 10 with fusion ... | 1996 | 8713029 |
| isolation of paramyxovirus serotype 7 from ostriches (struthio camelus). | paramyxovirus serotype 7 (pmv-7) was isolated from pooled intestinal contents of two 5-month-old ostriches (struthio camelus). the pathogenicity of the virus was comparable with lentogenic strains of newcastle disease virus (pmv-1) in chicken and chicken embryo pathogenicity tests. the relationship of the virus to the observed pathology of proliferative nonsuppurative enteritis is unknown; the campylobacter jejuni isolated was presumably the primary pathogen. to our knowledge, this is the first ... | 1996 | 8980831 |
| prevention of entry of avian influenza and paramyxoviruses into an ornithological collection. | | 1997 | 9133725 |
| failure to induce formation of proteinase k resistant fibrils in pigeons through experimental infection with paramyxovirus type 1. | ten racing pigeons were infected experimentally with the paramyxovirus (pmv) type 1 of the pigeon. within twelve weeks of observation, they were euthanized at different times. their brains were examined for proteinase k resistant fibrils and histopathologically for spongiform lesions. no proteinase k resistant fibrils and no spongiform lesions could be detected in any case. therefore, it is estimated that pmv type 1 of the pigeon is not likely to induce pathogenic mechanisms assumed for transmis ... | 1997 | 9200887 |
| mixed paramyxovirus infection of wild and domestic birds in israel. | five cases of dual isolations of different serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses (apmv) from domestic and wild birds are described: one case of mixed infection by apmv-1 and apmv-4 and four cases of infection by apmv-1 and apmv-2 serotypes. the double infection was proven by consecutive isolations of two viruses from allantoic fluid samples derived from single swabs after their respective treatment by antisera against each suspected virus. the finding of double apmv infection in poultry farms appea ... | 1997 | 9451463 |
| avian paramyxoviruses serotype 3 isolated from captive birds in israel: clinical signs, pathology, and antigenic characterization. | thirteen ha agents were isolated in israel from captive flamingoes (phoenicopterus ruber), egyptian geese (alopochen aegyptiacus) belonging to order anseriformes, and ibis (guara rubra) belonging to order ciconiiformes. the isolation was done from postmortem materials in three cases of severe respiratory disease with high mortality. the isolates were examined serologically and identified as belonging to the serotype 3 of avian paramyxoviruses (apmv-3). the isolates were more close antigenically ... | 1998 | 9645338 |
| [the serologic detection of virus-induced infections in the domestic goose (anser anser dom.)]. | the most important virus-induced diseases associated with heavy losses in the domestic goose are derzsy's disease which is caused by a goose parvovirus and duck plague (duck viral enteritis) which is caused by an avian herpesvirus. both diseases still occur but can be prevented by timely vaccinations. antibodies against influenza a viruses of the subtypes h1, h5, and h7 as well as against avian paramyxoviruses of the serogroups 4, 6, and 8, respectively, were not detected in any of the examined ... | 1998 | 9710927 |
| acute pancreatitis in chickens due to non-virulent newcastle disease virus. | a non-virulent newcastle disease virus (strain apmv-1 96/89 vb) was isolated from a broiler chicken from a backyard flock. using monoclonal antibodies, the virus was shown to be different from the vaccinal virus strains hitchner, la sota and ulster. the virus was shown to replicate in the pancreas of one-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens infected orally, and the histological lesions observed in the pancreas of chickens inoculated with the fourth chicken passage of the virus five to nine da ... | 1998 | 9789346 |
| isolation of avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 from domestic fowl in israel: close antigenic relationship with the psittacine strain of avian paramyxovirus serotype 3. | | 2000 | 10690780 |
| newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses. | newcastle disease (nd), caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (apmv-1) viruses, is included in list a of the office international des epizooties. historically, nd has been a devastating disease of poultry, and in many countries the disease remains one of the major problems affecting existing or developing poultry industries. even in countries where nd may be considered to be controlled, an economic burden is still associated with vaccination and/or maintaining strict biosecurity measures. the ... | 2000 | 10935273 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 6 isolated from ducks. | there are nine serotypes of avian paramyxovirus (apmv). only the genome of apmv type 1 (apmv-1), also called newcastle disease virus (ndv), has been completely sequenced. in this study, the complete nucleotide sequence of an apmv-6 serotype isolated from ducks is reported. the 16236 nt genome encodes eight proteins, nucleocapsid protein (np), phosphoprotein (p), v protein, matrix protein (m), fusion protein (f), small hydrophobic (sh) protein, haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein and large ... | 2001 | 11514725 |
| sequence analysis of f gene of sf02 isolate of goose paramyxovirus and its identification by multiplex rt-pcr. | the complete f gene of sf02 of goose paramyxovirus (gpv) has been cloned and analyzed. the sequence analysis demonstrated that the f gene of sf02 contains 1 662 nt and encodes 553 amino acids, and its cleavage activation site of f gene has the same deduced amino acid sequence, (112)r-r-q-k-r-f(117), as the velogenic (highly pathogenic) strain of newcastle disease virus. the latter correlated with the virulence of the isolate in biological assays. the f gene of sf02 isolate with the domestic stan ... | 2002 | 12098765 |
| avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses isolated from mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) in new zealand. | a comprehensive study using virological and serological approaches was carried out to determine the status of live healthy mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) in new zealand for infections with avian paramyxoviruses (apmv) and influenza viruses (aiv). thirty-three viruses isolated from 321 tracheal and cloacal swabs were characterized as: 6 aiv (two h5n2 and four h4n6), 10 apmv-1 and 17 apmv-4. of 335 sera samples tested for aiv antibodies, 109 (32.5%) sera were positive by nucleoprotein-blocking ... | 2002 | 12111409 |
| seroprevalence of avian paramyxovirus 1, 2, and 3 in captive and free-living birds of prey in spain (preliminary results): implications for management of wild and captive populations. | since december 1997, 700 blood plasma samples from 31 different species of captive and free-living birds of prey from spain were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test for the presence of antibodies to avian paramyxovirus (apmv) 1,2, and 3. out of 700 birds, 120 tested positive for apmv-1, 10 birds had antibodies to apmv-2, and 4 birds tested positive against apmv-3. prevalence of antibodies against apmv-1 was significantly higher in captive than in free-living birds of prey and in fa ... | 2002 | 12381594 |
| investigation of several selected adjuvants regarding their efficacy and side effects for the production of a vaccine for parakeets to prevent a disease caused by a paramyxovirus type 3. | the infection with paramyxovirus type 3 (pmv-3) of parakeets can lead to severe illness in small psittacines (neophema spp. and other parakeets) as well as in passerines (finches). the disease is characterized by acute or chronical pancreatitis and central nervous symptoms, such as torticollis as well as walking in circles and by high mortality rates in the affected flocks. as there is no licensed vaccine for psittacines available to prevent this disease. the aim of the following study was to fi ... | 2003 | 12547615 |
| lack of antigenic relationships between avian pneumovirus and four avian paramyxoviruses. | avian paramyxoviruses (pmvs) and avian pneumovirus (apv) belong to the family paramyxoviridae. antigenic relationships between pmvs were shown previously, hence, this study was designed to investigate possible antigenic relationships between apv and four avian pmvs (pmv-1, pmv-2, pmv-3, and pmv-7). enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test, and virus neutralization (vn) test in chicken embryos and in vero cells were used. the hi test was performed with the ... | 2003 | 12713174 |
| inhibition of replication of goose paramyxovirus sf02 by hammerhead ribozyme targeting to the sf02 f mrna in chicken embryo fibroblasts. | hammerhead ribozyme rzf598 and its dysfunctional mutant drzf598 targeting to the (f) gene of goose paramyxovirus sf02 have been designed. the transgenic plasmids pcdna-rzf598 and pcdna-drzf598 were constructed by inserting ribozyme genes into eukaryotic expression vector pcdna3. the plasmid pcdna3 that lacks full ribozyme gene was used as a control. plasmids pcdna-rzf598, pcdna-drzf598 and pcdna3 were transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs). the concentration of virus released by infe ... | 2003 | 12958651 |
| human health implications of avian influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses. | among avian influenza viruses and avian paramyxoviruses are the aetiological agents of two of the most devastating diseases of the animal kingdom: (i). the highly pathogenic form of avian influenza, caused by some viruses of the h5 and h7 subtypes, and (ii). newcastle disease, caused by virulent strains of apmv type 1. mortality rates due to these agents can exceed 50% in naïve bird populations, and, for some strains of ai, nearly 100%. these viruses may also be responsible for clinical conditio ... | 2004 | 14663646 |
| detection of avian paramyxoviruses and influenza viruses amongst wild bird populations in victoria. | to isolate and characterise avian paramyxoviruses and other haemagglutinating viruses amongst victorian wild bird populations. | 2004 | 15088965 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerase gene analysis of worldwide newcastle disease virus isolates representing different virulence types and their phylogenetic relationship with other members of the paramyxoviridae. | nucleotide sequence was determined for the rna-dependent rna polymerase (l) gene of 16 newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolates from diverse geographic and chronological origins. the observed consensus amino acid sequence conformed to the six domains previously identified among paramyxovirus l proteins, and the putative 749qgdnq753 active site was strictly conserved among all isolates. analysis of predicted amino acid sequences allowed us to identify a sequencing error in the previously reported l ... | 2004 | 15177894 |
| toward a glioblastoma vaccine: promise and potential pitfalls. | | 2004 | 15452184 |
| antitumor vaccination of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a pilot study to assess feasibility, safety, and clinical benefit. | prognosis of patients with glioblastoma is poor. therefore, in glioblastoma patients, we analyzed whether antitumor vaccination with a virus-modified autologous tumor cell vaccine is feasible and safe. also, we determined the influence on progression-free survival and overall survival and on vaccination-induced antitumor reactivity. | 2004 | 15452186 |
| nucleotide sequence of the matrix protein gene of avian paramyxovirus, serotype 3b: evidence on another member of the suggested new genus of the subfamily paramyxovirinae. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the matrix protein (m) of the avian paramyxovirus, serotype 3b (apmv-3b), has been determined by means of the direct sequencing of viral rna using reverse transcriptase reaction. the adjacent portions of the neighboring phosphoprotein (p) and fusion (f) protein genes were also sequenced that permitted to determine the consensus sequence of the viral genome, the poly(a) tract, downstream and upstream non-coding portions of the p and f genes, r ... | 2005 | 15563952 |
| mapping of the rna promoter of newcastle disease virus. | the rna promoters of the genome and antigenome of newcastle disease virus (ndv) were studied by mutational analysis of their 3' terminal ends. similarly to other paramyxoviruses, ndv rna replication follows the rule of six, and the genomic and antigenomic promoters require two discontinuous regions: conserved region i (first 18 nucleotides) and conserved region ii (nucleotides 73-90). proper spacing between those regions and the phase of six in region ii is critical for efficient rna promoter ac ... | 2005 | 15629782 |
| pigeon paramyxovirus: association with common avian pathogens in chickens and serologic survey in wild birds. | pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (ppmv-1) was isolated from pigeons from east-central alabama and used in association with chicken anemia virus (cav), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), or finch mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in specific-pathogen-free chickens to assess dinical disease and pathology. ppmv-1 infection in all groups was conducted at day 10 of age via the ocular route. the low passage ppmv-1 isolate was inoculated into chickens in different groups at 10 days post-cav infection, 6 days po ... | 2005 | 15839419 |
| a goose-sourced paramyxovirus isolated from southern china. | we report the isolation and characterization of a paramyxovirus from geese in south china during 1997. the isolate, designated as goose paramyxovirus/qingyuan 1997-1 (gpmv/qy97-1), showed pathogenicity to geese and could agglutinate chicken erythrocytes. its hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by antiavian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (apmv-1) serum. the f gene of isolate was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis proved that its sequence conformed to ... | 2005 | 15839435 |
| identification and subgrouping of pigeon type newcastle disease virus strains by restriction enzyme cleavage site analysis. | a host variant of newcastle disease virus (ndv, genus avulavirus, family paramyxoviridae) is responsible for an autonomous disease in pigeons. it emerged in the late 1970s in the mediterranean region. despite great genetic diversity the vast majority of strains belong to a monophyletic group (sublineage vib) within genotype vi of ndv strains that were indigenous in the region at that time. to date only a monoclonal antibody assay is available for the specific identification of pigeon type strain ... | 2006 | 16146659 |
| avian influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses in wintering and resident ducks in texas. | cloacal swabs were collected from teal (anas crecca, anas cyanoptera, anas discors), mottled duck (anas fulvigula) and northern pintail (anas acuta) in brazoria county, texas, usa, during february 2001, mottled ducks during august 2001, and blue-winged teal (a. discors) during february 2002. prevalence of avian influenza virus (aiv) infections during each sampling period were 11, 0, and 15%, respectively. the hemagglutinin (h) subtypes h2 and h7 were detected in both years, while the h8 subtype ... | 2005 | 16244076 |
| screening of feral pigeon (colomba livia), mallard (anas platyrhynchos) and graylag goose (anser anser) populations for campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., avian influenza virus and avian paramyxovirus. | a total of 119 fresh faecal samples were collected from graylag geese migrating northwards in april. also, cloacal swabs were taken from 100 carcasses of graylag geese shot during the hunting season in august. in addition, samples were taken from 200 feral pigeons and five mallards. the cultivation of bacteria detected campylobacter jejuni jejuni in six of the pigeons, and in one of the mallards. salmonella diarizona 14: k: z53 was detected in one graylag goose, while all pigeons and mallards we ... | 2005 | 16398331 |
| role of sialic acid-containing molecules in paramyxovirus entry into the host cell: a minireview. | sialic acid-containing compounds play a key role in the initial steps of the paramyxovirus life cycle. as enveloped viruses, their entry into the host cell consists of two main events: binding to the host cell and membrane fusion. virus adsorption occurs at the surface of the host cell with the recognition of specific receptor molecules located at the cell membrane by specific viral attachment proteins. the viral attachment protein present in some paramyxoviruses (respirovirus, rubulavirus and a ... | 2006 | 16575518 |
| new modalities for the treatment of acute cardioembolic stroke. | | 2006 | 16702738 |
| serological survey of racing pigeons for selected pathogens in taiwan. | to investigate the pathogens that racing pigeons in taiwan are exposed to, a total of 3764 pigeons from 90 lofts were analysed by collection of blood samples in the period between october 2000 and september 2001. the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test was performed to detect antibodies against newcastle disease virus (ndv), type 2 avian paramyxovirus (apmv-2), and egg drop syndrome '76 virus (eds-76v). the agar-gel precipitin (agp) test was used to detect antibodies against fowl adenovirus ( ... | 2006 | 16841756 |
| isg15 enhances the innate antiviral response by inhibition of irf-3 degradation. | the transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3) plays a critical role in the activation of an antiviral innate immune response. however the transcriptional activity of irf-3 is tightly regulated by a proteosome mediated degradation. we describe here a novel mechanism by which the activity of irf-3 is stabilized in infected cells. we have shown that both interferon treatment and ndv infection profoundly increase conjugation of interferon induced ubiquitin- like protein isg15 to c ... | 2006 | 16914094 |
| irf-1 deficiency skews the differentiation of dendritic cells toward plasmacytoid and tolerogenic features. | members of the ifn regulatory factors (irfs) family are transcriptional regulators that play essential roles in the homeostasis and function of the immune system. recent studies indicate a direct involvement of some members of the family in the development of different subsets of dendritic cells (dc). here, we report that irf-1 is a potent modulator of the development and functional maturation of dc. irf-1-deficient mice (irf-1(-/-)) exhibited a predominance of plasmacytoid dc and a selective re ... | 2006 | 16966383 |
| isolation, identification, and comparison of four isolates of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 in china. | four yucaipa-like viruses of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (apmv-2) were isolated in china from the imported gouldian finch (chloebia gouldiae) and broilers in 1998-2002, and were named f4, f6, f8, and nk, respectively. examined under electron microscope, the isolates were found to be round in shape and varying in size. the results of the hemagglutination inhibition test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (using monoclonal antibodies) showed some differences between the isolates and ... | 2006 | 17039838 |
| [molecular virological monitoring of newcastle disease virus strains (paramyxoviridae, avulavirus) in the populations of wild birds in the volga estuary (the 2001 data)]. | the paper analyzes the results of isolation of newcastle disease virus (ndv) strains from 336 swaps of 31 wild bird species collected in the 2001 summer in the volga estuary (astrakhan region). twenty-seven ndv strains were isolated from little terns (sterna albifrons) (n=11; infection rate, 24.4%), great cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) (n=6; 11.1%), coots (fulica atra) (n=8; 6.5%), sandwich terns (sterna sandvicensis) (n=1; 100%), and common redshanks (tringa totanus) (n=1; 50.0%). four strain ... | 2006 | 17087063 |
| antiviral activity and rna polymerase degradation following hsp90 inhibition in a range of negative strand viruses. | we have analyzed the effectiveness of hsp90 inhibitors in blocking the replication of negative-strand rna viruses. in cells infected with the prototype negative strand virus vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), inhibiting hsp90 activity reduced viral replication in cells infected at both high and low multiplicities of infection. this inhibition was observed using two hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin and radicicol. silencing of hsp90 expression using sirna also reduced viral replication. hsp90 inhibiti ... | 2007 | 17258257 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of goose interferon gamma. | the cdna for goose interferon gamma (goifn-gamma) was cloned from pha-stimulated goose peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) by rt-pcr. this cdna encodes a 19-amino acid signal peptide and a 145-amino acid mature protein, which shares a high homology with duck ifn-gamma. recombinant mature goose interferon gamma (rgoifn-gamma) generated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems effectively inhibited the replication of goose paramyxovirus and recombinant vesicular stomatitis vi ... | 2007 | 17336393 |
| serological survey on prevalence of antibodies to avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 in china. | we report the prevalent status of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (apmv-2) in china. between 2003 and 2005, 9156 sera in total were collected and screened for apmv-2 antibodies by using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. the averaged seropositivity ofapmv-2 for chickens, ducks, peacocks, ostriches, and partridges was 42.9%, 25.1%, 45.8%, 47.6%, and 80.0%, respectively. the results of this survey indicate that the distribution of apmv-2 is very widespread in china and that more attention shoul ... | 2007 | 17461281 |
| experimental evaluation of musca domestica (diptera: muscidae) as a vector of newcastle disease virus. | house flies, musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), were examined for their ability to harbor and transmit newcastle disease virus (family paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus, ndv) by using a mesogenic ndv strain. laboratory-reared flies were experimentally exposed to ndv (roakin strain) by allowing flies to imbibe an inoculum consisting of chicken embryo-propagated virus. ndv was detected in dissected crops and intestinal tissues from exposed flies for up to 96 and 24 h postexposure, respectivel ... | 2007 | 17695023 |
| detection and isolation of exotic newcastle disease virus from field-collected flies. | flies were collected by sweep net from the vicinity of two small groups of "backyard" poultry (10-20 chickens per group) that had been identified as infected with exotic newcastle disease virus (family paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus, endv) in los angeles county, ca, during the 2002-2003 end outbreak. collected flies were subdivided into pools and homogenized in brain-heart infusion broth with antibiotics. the separated supernatant was tested for the presence of endv by inoculation into embryo ... | 2007 | 17915517 |
| multiplex rt-pcr for virulence detection and differentiation between newcastle disease virus and goose-origin apvm-1. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) belongs to the paramyxoviridae family and has had a great impact on the poultry industry. in the past, ndv strains were generally pathogenic only to fowls, but goose paramyxovirus (goose-origin apvm-1) is highly infectious to waterfowl, and, thus, there have been frequent outbreaks in china since 1997. in this study three pairs of specific primers were designed to detect the virulence of different ndv and goose-origin apvm-1 isolates and to differentiate between ndv ... | 2007 | 17992924 |
| [preparation and identification of the monoclonal antibody specific to hemagglutinin of avian paramyxovirus type 2]. | a hybridoma cell line 1g4a7 secreting monoclonal antibody (mcab) specific to hemagglutinin of avian paramyxovirus type 2 (apmv-2) was developed by fusing the spleen cells of apmv-2 immunized balb/c mice with sp2/0 myeloma cells. the immunoglobulin subclass of 1g4a7 was igg1 with light chain kappa and the affinity constant against apmv-2 was 1.02 x 10(10). identified by hi and indirect elisa, the mcab titers in ascities were 10 log 2 and 1 : 10(6) respectively. the mcab did not cross react with t ... | 2008 | 18533347 |
| isolations of avian paramyxovirus type 2 from domestic fowl in scotland in 2002 and 2006. | | 2008 | 18552330 |
| [isolation of influenza virus a (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus), dhori virus (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus), and newcastle's disease virus (paromyxoviridae, avulavirus) on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island in the north-western area of the caspian sea]. | the paper presents the results of the 2003 and 2006 environmental virological monitoring surveys on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island where a large breeding colony of sea gull (laridae) is located. in the past several years, expansion of cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) has enhanced the intensity of populational interactions. the investigators isolated 13 strains of influenza a virus (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus) subtype h13n1 (from sea gulls (n = 4), cormorants (n = 9) 1 strain of dhori vir ... | 2008 | 18590134 |
| complete sequence of the genome of avian paramyxovirus type 2 (strain yucaipa) and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. | the complete rna genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotype 2, strain yucaipa isolated from chicken has been determined. with genome size of 14,904 nucleotides (nt), strain yucaipa is consistent with the "rule of six" and is the smallest virus reported to date among the members of subfamily paramyxovirinae. the genome contains six non-overlapping genes in the order 3'-n-p/v-m-f-hn-l-5'. the genes are flanked on either side by highly conserved transcription start and stop signals and ... | 2008 | 18603323 |
| complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 3 reveals an unusually long trailer region. | the complete genome sequence was determined for prototype parakeet/netherlands/449/75 strain of avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotype 3. the genome is 16,272 nucleotides (nt) in length, consisting of six non-overlapping genes in the order of 3'-n-p/v/w-m-f-hn-l-5', with intergenic regions of 31-63nt. apmv-3 genome follows the "rule of six" and is the largest among the avian paramyxoviruses reported to date, with a trailer region of 707nt, the longest in the family paramyxoviridae. the cleavage sit ... | 2008 | 18691616 |
| full-length genome sequence of avain paramyxovirus type 4 isolated from a mallard duck. | avian paramyxovirus (apmv) consists of nine serotypes, apmv-1 through -9, of which only apmv-1 and apmv-6 have been fully sequenced. here, we present the complete 15,054 nt rna genome of apmv-4 isolated from a mallard duck, which conformed to the "rule of six." the apmv-4 genome had six transcriptional units in the order 3'-np-p/v-m-f-hn-l-5', which coded for the nucleocapsid (n), phospho- (p), matrix (m), fusion (f), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), and large (l) proteins. similar to apmv-1 bu ... | 2008 | 18770019 |
| molecular characterization and complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 4 prototype strain duck/hong kong/d3/75. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) are frequently isolated from domestic and wild birds throughout the world. all apmvs, except avian metapneumovirus, are classified in the genus avulavirus of the family paramyxoviridae. at present, the apmvs of genus avulavirus are divided into nine serological types (apmv 1-9). newcastle disease virus represents apmv-1 and is the most characterized among all apmv types. very little is known about the molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of apmv 2-9. | 2008 | 18937854 |
| persistence of exotic newcastle disease virus (endv) in laboratory infected musca domestica and fannia canicularis. | house flies (musca domestica) and little house flies (fannia canicularis) were examined for their ability to take up and harbor a velogenic strain of exotic newcastle disease virus (endv) (family paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus). laboratory-reared flies were allowed to feed on evaporated milk containing endv at a virus concentration of 10(8.3) egg infectious dose (eid)50/0.1 ml or on poultry feces containing an endv titer of 10(5.8) eid50/0.1 g. flies exposed to either infectious food source f ... | 2008 | 18939622 |
| prevalence of antibodies to different avian paramyxoviruses in commercial poultry in the united states. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) other than newcastle disease virus have been isolated from feral avian species and have the potential to cause clinical disease. the objective of this study was to investigate the apmv antibody prevalence in commercial poultry settings. sera from 100 commercial, layer-type and broiler-type (broiler-breeder and broiler) chicken flocks were analyzed on a random basis. pooled serum samples from each flock were tested for the presence of antibodies to apmv-1, -2, -3, -4 ... | 2008 | 19166066 |
| complete sequence of the genome of avian paramyxovirus type 9 and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. | the complete genome consensus sequence was determined for avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotype 9 prototype strain pmv-9/domestic duck/new york/22/78. the genome is 15,438 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes six non-overlapping genes in the order of 3'-n-p/v/w-m-f-hn-l-5' with intergenic regions of 0-30 nt. the genome length follows the "rule of six" and contains a 55-nt leader sequence at the 3' end and a 47-nt trailer sequence at the 5' end. the cleavage site of the f protein is i-r-e-g-r-i downwa ... | 2009 | 19185593 |
| complete genome sequences of avian paramyxovirus type 8 strains goose/delaware/1053/76 and pintail/wakuya/20/78. | complete consensus genome sequences were determined for avian paramyxovirus type 8 (apmv-8) strains goose/delaware/1053/76 (prototype strain) and pintail/wakuya/20/78. the genome of each strain is 15,342 nucleotides (nt) long, which follows the "rule of six". the genome consists of six genes in the order of 3'-n-p/v/w-m-f-hn-l-5'. the genes are flanked on either side by conserved transcription start and stop signals, and have intergenic regions ranging from 1 to 30nt. the genome contains a 55nt ... | 2009 | 19341613 |
| [devil's practices]. | | 2009 | 19353921 |
| activation of natural killer cells by newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. | the avian paramyxovirus newcastle disease virus (ndv) selectively replicates in tumor cells and is known to stimulate t-cell-, macrophage-, and nk cell-mediated responses. the mechanisms of nk cell activation by ndv are poorly understood so far. we studied the expression of ligand structures for activating nk cell receptors on ndv-infected tumor cells. upon infection with the nonlytic ndv strain ulster and the lytic strain mth-68/h, human carcinoma and melanoma cells showed enhanced expression o ... | 2009 | 19515783 |
| complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 7 (strain tennessee) and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. | the complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus serotype 7 (apmv-7) prototype strain dove/tennessee/4/75 was determined. the genome size is 15,480 nucleotides (nt) long and follows the "rule of six". the genome contains six non-overlapping genes in the order of 3'-n-p/v/w-m-f-hn-l-5'. the 3'-leader and 5'-trailer sequences of the genome are 55 and 127nt long, respectively. the first 12nt of the leader and trailer sequences are complementary to each other. the viral genes are flanked by highl ... | 2009 | 19540277 |
| avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 infection in neopsephotus, cyanoramphus, and neophema species. | an outbreak of avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 (apmv-3) infection occurred in a private bird collection consisting mainly of neophema species. two bourke's parrots (neopsephotus bourkii) and one red-crowned parakeet (cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) were examined after developing torticollis and circling. the 3 birds were euthanatized and submitted for necropsy. brain and liver samples from the 3 birds were homogenized and inoculated into the allantoic cavity of 10-day-old embryonated specific-pathog ... | 2009 | 19999764 |
| two genetically closely related pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (ppmv-1) variants with identical velogenic fusion protein cleavage sites but with strongly contrasting virulence. | two pathogenetically different pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (ppmv-1) virus clones were recently derived by passage of a single isolate with an intracerebral pathogenicity index (icpi) of 0.32. the virus clones had an icpi of 0.025 and 1.3, respectively (fuller et al., 2007). remarkably both viruses contained a cleavage site motif in the precursor fusion (f) protein that is usually associated with virulent viruses. in the current study, both viral genomes were completely sequenced and only four am ... | 2010 | 20018463 |
| complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus-3 strain wisconsin: evidence for the existence of subgroups within the serotype. | the complete consensus genome sequence was determined for avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotype 3 strain wisconsin. the genome is 16,182 nucleotides (nt) in length, consisting of six non-overlapping genes in the order of 3'-n-p/v/w-m-f-hn-l-5', with a 55-nt leader at its 3' end and a 681-nt trailer at its 5' end. comparison of the apmv-3 strain wisconsin nt and the aggregate predicted amino acid (aa) sequences with those of apmv-3 strain netherlands revealed 67% and 78%, identity, respectively. th ... | 2010 | 20079781 |
| a diagnostic method based on mgb probes for rapid detection and simultaneous differentiation between virulent and vaccine strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1. | newcastle disease virus (ndv), also designated avian paramyxovirus type 1 (apmv-1), is a serious pathogen of poultry, causing highly contagious newcastle disease (nd), with high morbidity or mortality, depending on the strain. accordingly, rapid and reliable detection of apmv-1 and differentiation between vaccine and virulent strains is of crucial importance for nd diagnosis and plays an important role in effective control of the disease. in this study, two real-time reverse transcription polyme ... | 2010 | 20170680 |
| complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotype 5 completes the analysis of nine apmv serotypes and reveals the longest apmv genome. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmv) consist of nine known serotypes. the genomes of representatives of all apmv serotypes except apmv type 5 have recently been fully sequenced. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the apmv-5 prototype strain budgerigar/kunitachi/74. | 2010 | 20174645 |
| complete genome sequences of avian paramyxovirus serotype 6 prototype strain hong kong and a recent novel strain from italy: evidence for the existence of subgroups within the serotype. | complete genome sequences were determined for two strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 6 (apmv-6): the prototype hong kong (hk) strain and a more recent isolate from italy (it4524-2). the genome length of strain hk is 16236 nucleotide (nt), which is the same as for the other two apmv-6 strains (fe and tw) that have been reported to date, whereas that of strain it4524-2 is 16230 nt. the length difference in strain it4524-2 is due to a 6-nt deletion in the downstream untranslated region of the ... | 2010 | 20206652 |
| isolation and characterization of avian paramyxovirus type 3b from farmed namibian ostriches (struthio camelus f. dom.). | meat and skin from farmed ostriches are valuable products for european consumers. the eu regulations require that ostrich products deamed for export need to come from ostriches that are free of antibodies against newcastle disease virus (avian paramxovirus type 1, apmv-1). after the detection of antibodies against apmv-1 in one of five ostrich farms in namibia, attempts were made to isolate the causative virus. no apmv-1 but an avian paramyxovirus type 3 (apmv-3) was isolated from five pharyngea ... | 2010 | 20329642 |
| genetic variation of italian avian paramyxoviruses serotype 9. | the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion protein (f) gene of four avian paramyoviruses serotype 9 (apmv9) recently isolated from wild birds in italy have been sequenced. a comparison between the sequences of these four isolates and the prototype virus pmv-9/domestic duck/new york/22/78 revealed significant sequence variation that suggests that different lineages exist among apmv-9 viruses similar to that seen for apmv-1 (newcastle disease). | 2010 | 20386976 |
| complete genome sequences of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (apmv-2) strains bangor, england and kenya: evidence for the existence of subgroups within serotype 2. | the complete consensus genome sequences of avian paramyxovirus (apmv) serotype 2 strains bangor, england and kenya were determined and compared with those of apmv-2 prototype strain yucaipa and other paramyxoviruses. the genome lengths of apmv-2 strains bangor, england and kenya are 15,024, 14,904, 14,916 nucleotides (nt), respectively, compared to 14,904 nt for yucaipa. each genome consists of six non-overlapping genes in the order of (3)(')n-p/v/w-m-f-hn-l(5'), with a 55-nt leader at the 3' en ... | 2010 | 20600395 |
| genetic analysis of avian paramyxovirus-1 (newcastle disease virus) isolates obtained from swine populations in china related to commonly utilized commercial vaccine strains. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) has been thought to only infect avian species. however, at least eight ndv strains were isolated from swine populations in china during 1999-2006, four of which were characterized genetically and phylogenetically. genetic analysis revealed that jl106 and sp13 had a (112)g-r-q-g-r-l(117) motif at the cleavage site of f protein, while jl01 and mp01 possessed a (112)g-k-q-g-r-l(117) motif, which indicated that all of them were typical of low-virulence viruses. phylogen ... | 2010 | 20661635 |
| experimental avian paramyxovirus serotype-3 infection in chickens and turkeys. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmv) are divided into nine serotypes. newcastle disease virus (apmv-1) is the most extensively characterized, while relatively little information is available for the other apmv serotypes. in the present study, we examined the pathogenicity of two divergent strains of apmv-3, netherlands and wisconsin, in (i) 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, (ii) 1-day-old specific pathogen free (spf) chicks and turkeys, and (iii) 2-week-old spf chickens and turkeys. the mean death tim ... | 2010 | 20663473 |
| clinicopathological characterization in poultry of three strains of newcastle disease virus isolated from recent outbreaks. | newcastle disease is a severe threat to the poultry industry and is caused by newcastle disease virus, a member of the genus avulavirus, family paramyxoviridae. the virus is rapidly evolving, and several new genotypes have been discovered in the past few years. characterization of these strains is important to evaluate field changes, anticipate new outbreaks, and develop adequate control measures. three newcastle disease isolates (apmv-1/duck/vietnam, long bien/78/2002, apmv-1/chicken/australia/ ... | 2011 | 20685918 |
| avian paramyxoviruses in shorebirds and gulls. | there are nine serotypes of avian paramyxovirus (apmv), including apmv-1, or newcastle disease virus. although free-flying ducks and geese have been extensively monitored for apmv, limited information is available for species in the order charadriiformes. from 2000 to 2005 we tested cloacal swabs from 9,128 shorebirds and gulls (33 species, five families) captured in 10 states within the usa and in three countries in the caribbean and south america. avian paramyxoviruses were isolated from 60 (0 ... | 2010 | 20688640 |
| evidence for a new avian paramyxovirus serotype 10 detected in rockhopper penguins from the falkland islands. | the biological, serological, and genomic characterization of a paramyxovirus recently isolated from rockhopper penguins (eudyptes chrysocome) suggested that this virus represented a new avian paramyxovirus (apmv) group, apmv10. this penguin virus resembled other apmvs by electron microscopy; however, its viral hemagglutination (ha) activity was not inhibited by antisera against any of the nine defined apmv serotypes. in addition, antiserum generated against this penguin virus did not inhibit the ... | 2010 | 20702635 |
| pathogenesis of two strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2, yucaipa and bangor, in chickens and turkeys. | nine serologic types of avian paramyxovirus (apmv) have been recognized. newcastle disease virus (apmv-1) is the most extensively characterized virus, while relatively little information is available for the other apmv serotypes. in the present study, we examined the pathogenicity of two strains of apmv-2, yucaipa and bangor, in 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks, and 4-wk-old spf chickens and turkeys. the mean death time in 9-day-old embryonated ch ... | 2010 | 20945787 |
| zaps is a potent stimulator of signaling mediated by the rna helicase rig-i during antiviral responses. | the poly(adp-ribose) polymerases (parps) participate in many biological and pathological processes. here we report that the parp-13 shorter isoform (zaps), rather than the full-length protein (zap), was selectively induced by 5'-triphosphate-modified rna (3prna) and functioned as a potent stimulator of interferon responses in human cells mediated by the rna helicase rig-i. zaps associated with rig-i to promote the oligomerization and atpase activity of rig-i, which led to robust activation of ir ... | 2010 | 21102435 |
| genomic sequence of an avian paramyxovirus type 1 strain isolated from muscovy duck (cairina moschata) in china. | the complete sequence of an avian paramyxovirus type 1 (apmv-1) strain, fp1/02, isolated from muscovy duck in china, was determined. sequence analysis indicated that the complete genome of strain fp1/02 contained 15,192 nucleotides (nt), following the rule of six. the genome contained an extra 6-nt insertion in the non-coding region of the np gene when compared with other apmv-1 strains, such as strains la sota and beaudette c. the cleavage site of the f protein was (112)r-r-q-k-r↓f(117), indica ... | 2010 | 21152939 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences for the hn gene of 22 avian paramyxovirus type 2 viruses reveals marked heterogeneity. | the nucleotide sequence of the hn gene was determined for 21 isolates of avian paramyxovirus type 2 virus and compared with the published hn gene of apmv-2/chicken/california/yucaipa/56. the hn gene of the 22 viruses had five different lengths in the range of 1737 to 1755 nucleotides coding for 579 to 585 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis of a corresponding 1734-nucleotide sequence from the hn gene of each virus established five genetic groups (i to v), two of which (ii and iv) could be divided ... | 2010 | 21154054 |
| avian influenza viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wintering and breeding waterfowl populations in north carolina, usa. | although wild ducks are recognized reservoirs for avian influenza viruses (aivs) and avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs), information related to the prevalence of these viruses in breeding and migratory duck populations on north american wintering grounds is limited. wintering (n=2,889) and resident breeding (n=524) ducks were sampled in north carolina during winter 2004-2006 and summer 2005-2006, respectively. overall prevalence of aiv was 0.8% and restricted to the winter sample; however, prevalence ... | 2011 | 21270016 |
| mutations in the fusion protein cleavage site of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 increase cleavability and syncytium formation but do not increase viral virulence in chickens. | avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (apmv-2) is one of the nine serotypes of apmv, which infect a wide variety of avian species around the world. in this study, we constructed a reverse genetics system for recovery of infectious recombinant apmv-2 strain yucaipa (apmv-2/yuc) from cloned cdna. the rescued recombinant virus (rapmv-2) resembled the biological virus in growth properties in vitro and in pathogenicity in vivo. the reverse genetics system was used to analyze the role of the cleavage site of ... | 2011 | 21450835 |
| genomic characterization of two avian paramyxovirus type 2 isolates from chickens in china. | the complete genome sequences were determined for avian paramyxovirus type 2 (apmv-2) strains f8 and nk isolated from chickens in china. both strains had a genome of 14,904 nucleotides (nt) in length, which followed the "rule of six". each genome consisted of six genes in the order 3'-n-p-m-f-hn-l-5', with a 55-nt leader at the 3' end and a 154-nt trailer at the 5' end. sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that apmv-2 strains f8 and nk shared the highest sequence identity with apm ... | 2011 | 21461587 |
| evaluation of the newcastle disease virus f and hn proteins in protective immunity using a recombinant avian paramyxovirus type-3 vector in chickens. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) belongs to serotype 1 of the avian paramyxoviruses (apmv-1) and causes severe disease in chickens. current live attenuated ndv vaccines are not fully satisfactory. an alternative is to use a viral vector vaccine that infects chicken but does not cause disease. apmv serotype 3 infects a wide variety of avian species but does not cause any apparent disease in chickens. in this study, we constructed a reverse genetics system for recovery of infectious apmv-3 strain net ... | 2011 | 21525340 |
| cytolytic effects and apoptosis induction of newcastle disease virus strain af2240 on anaplastic astrocytoma brain tumor cell line. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) is a member of genus avulavirus within the family paramyxoviridae. interest of using ndv as an anticancer agent has arisen from its ability to kill tumor cells with limited toxicity to normal cells. in this investigation, the cytotolytic properties of ndv strain af2240 were evaluated on brain tumor cell line, anaplastic astrocytoma (u-87mg), by using mtt assay. cytological observations were studied using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy t ... | 2011 | 21671106 |
| detection of paramyxoviruses in magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) on the brazilian tropical coast. | aquatic migratory birds are a major vectors by which influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses are spread in nature. magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) are usually present on the southern shores of south america and can swim as far as the southern coast of brazil in winter. in 2008, however, several magellanic penguins were observed on the northeastern coast of brazil. paramyxoviruses were isolated from magellanic penguins on the espírito santo state coast, approximately 4000km from their ... | 2011 | 22189432 |
| Complete Genome and Clinicopathological Characterization of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Poultry in South America. | Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry, negatively affecting poultry production worldwide. The disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus or avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), a negative sense single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Avulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. Although all NDV isolates characterized to date belong to a single serotype of APMV-1, significant genetic diversity has been described between different NDV isolates. Here we present the complet ... | 2011 | 22135263 |
| avian paramyxovirus serotypes 2-9 (apmv-2-9) vary in the ability to induce protective immunity in chickens against challenge with virulent newcastle disease virus (apmv-1). | the avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) belong to the genus avulavirus of family paramyxoviridae. the apmvs are classified into nine serotypes on the basis of hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neuraminidase inhibition (ni) assays, although some serologic cross-reaction exists. newcastle disease virus (ndv), which constitutes serotype 1 (apmv-1), is an important pathogen of poultry, but the pathogenic potential of the other apmv serotypes is poorly understood. although antibodies to apmv -2 to -9 ar ... | 2012 | 22222870 |