| cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by ladophialophora bantiana and fonsecaea monophora: report of three cases. | three cases of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis are described. two cases (cases 1, 2) are caused by highly neurotropic fungi, cladophialophora bantiana, and the other one (case 3) is the first reported case in the united states, caused by the newly defined fonsecaea monophora. (case 1): a 65-year-old woman had been treated for a presumed diagnosis of guillain-barré syndrome and was found to have a ring-enhancing, fluid-filled lesion in the right frontal lobe. the lesion was aspirated twice and then re ... | 2007 | 17290933 |
| a chronic chromoblastomycosis model by fonsecaea monophora in wistar rat. | chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, cutaneous and subcutaneous infection characterized by verrucose lesions. it is primarily caused by fonsecaea monophora in southern china and responds poorly to available therapies. in order to investigate the pathogenicity of fonsecaea monophora, we established a chronic chromoblastomycosis animal model in wistar rats. suspensions of 2x10(6) cfu conidia and hyphal fragments were intracutaneous (ic) and subcutaneous (sc) on either side of the backs of the rats. s ... | 2010 | 19255903 |
| cerebral mycosis: 7-year retrospective series in a tertiary center. | this study focuses on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis and outcome of all cases of central nervous system (cns) fungal infections in a tertiary center. medical records of 18 patients of culture-proven cns fungal infections were retrospectively reviewed from 2000 to 2007, including 12 isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and seven from tissue biopsy. patient demographic data included 10 males and eight females. the mean age was 55 years (range: 24-89 years ... | 2010 | 19845862 |
| in vitro activities of eight antifungal drugs against 55 clinical isolates of fonsecaea spp. | the in vitro activities of eight antifungal drugs against clinical isolates of fonsecaea pedrosoi (n = 21), fonsecaea monophora (n = 25), and fonsecaea nubica (n = 9) were tested. the resulting mic(90)s for all strains (n = 55) were as follows, in increasing order: posaconazole, 0.063 microg/ml; itraconazole, 0.125 microg/ml; isavuconazole, 0.25 microg/ml; voriconazole, 0.5 microg/ml; amphotericin b, 2 microg/ml; caspofungin, 2 microg/ml; anidulafungin, 2 microg/ml; and fluconazole, 32 microg/ml ... | 2010 | 20086140 |
| fonsecaea monophora cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: case report of successful surgical excision and voriconazole treatment and review. | we report a case of fonsecaea monophora cerebral phaeohyphomycosis successfully treated with surgical excision and voriconazole monotherapy in a patient receiving maintenance immunosuppression therapy for 8 years after cadaveric renal transplantation. she presented with a severe frontal headache in the absence of any constitutional or neurologic symptoms. brain magnetic resonance imaging showed an irregular 3.1 x 3.4 cm ring-enhancing lesion in her left frontal lobe. the patient underwent cranio ... | 2010 | 20100141 |
| melanization of a meristematic mutant of fonsecaea monophora increases tolerance to stress factors while no effects on antifungal susceptibility. | melanin is a complex polymer, which is widely distributed in nature, and is known as an important virulence factor in opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. in this study, three melanin mutants of fonsecaea monophora from a case of chromoblastomycosis were generated from a parent strain that lacked hyphal morphology but was meristematic instead. two albino mutants, one of which (cbs 125187) produced secreted melanin and another (cbs 125149) lacked melanin, grew faster than a mutant with cell-wall-a ... | 2011 | 21706309 |
| [chromoblastomycosis caused by fonsecaea monophora]. | fonsecaea species are major etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis (cbm). by genetic analysis, the genus fonsecaea has recently been revised and classified into f. pedorosoi, f. monophora and f. nubica. here we report a severe chronic case of cbm caused by f. monophora. a 55-year-old filipino male developed progressive skin lesions on the left lateral ankle in 1973, when he worked at a coconut plantation in the philippines. in 1999, he received medical treatments for enlarged, multiple lesions ... | 2011 | 21891988 |
| evaluation of a real-time impedance analysis platform on fungal infection. | end-point assays of in vitro cell proliferation and death have been employed to study the mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis and have shown the responses of host cells at individual time points. a new cell analysis technology has been developed that allows for the continuous measurement and quantification of cell activities, thus enabling the dynamic assessment of electrical impedance when various pathogens are cultured in vitro. in this study, this system was evaluated to determine the response ... | 2017 | 28323067 |
| spectral manifestation of melanized fungal infections in kidney transplant recipients: report of six cases. | chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis are melanized fungal infections, which affect skin and subcutaneous tissues in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, as solid-organ transplant recipients, respectively. in this present study, we report six cases of melanized fungal infection in kidney transplant recipients. in five cases, culture of tissue specimens identified two cases of exophiala spp. and three cases of fonsecaea spp. molecular identification was performed in three cases base ... | 2016 | 27025729 |
| successful treatment for chromoblastomycosis caused by fonsecaea monophora: a report of three cases in guangdong, china. | fonsecaea pedrosoi is the most prevalent aetiological agent of chromoblastomycosis. fonsecaea monophora is a new species segregated from fonsecaea pedrosoi. herein, we report on three cases of chromoblastomycosis caused by f. monophora that were successfully treated with terbinafine and/or itraconazole. clinical characteristics and mycological parameters are described. two of the three patients underwent combination therapy with itraconazole and terbinafine during early stages of treatment and w ... | 2009 | 18627476 |
| cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by fonsecaea monophora. | we report a case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a 53-year-old immunocompetent diabetic male, caused by fonsecaea monophora. computerized tomography of the brain revealed an abscess, which yielded f. monophora in pure culture. the patient's condition deteriorated on treatment with voriconazole and 5-fluorocytosine, and improved subsequently with high-dose itraconazole. the genus fonsecaea has recently been revised and the new species f. monophora generated from molecular analysis of isolates, m ... | 2005 | 16178376 |
| chromoblastomycosis caused by fonsecaea: clinicopathology, susceptibility and molecular identification of seven consecutive cases in southern china. | the clinicopathological and microbiological features of chromoblastomycosis caused by fonsecaea pedrosoi or fonsecaea monophora are summarized. four f. monophora and three f. pedrosoi strains were isolated from seven consecutive chromoblastomycosis patients and identified by genetic analysis between 2004 and 2012 in a teaching hospital in southern china. six strains were sensitive to voriconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine using e-test and neo-sensitabs. six patients healed after oral itracon ... | 2013 | 23153454 |
| a case of relapsed chromoblastomycosis due to fonsecaea monophora: antifungal susceptibility and phylogenetic analysis. | chromoblastomycosis is a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis. the management of this infection continues to be challenging because there is no consensus on the therapeutic regimen. we report here a case of a 69-year-old male patient with cauliflower-like lesions on his left leg and foot. he had already been treated with itraconazole at a dose of 200 mg/day for 5 months, with mycological cure for all the affected areas. however, the lesions relapsed at both sites, and treatment with itraco ... | 2013 | 23645135 |
| respiratory tract infection caused by fonsecaea monophora after kidney transplantation. | fonsecaea spp. are melanized fungi which cause most cases of chromoblastomycosis. the taxonomy of this genus has been revised, now encompassing four species, with different pathogenic potential: f. pedrosoi, f. nubica, f. pugnacius, and f. monophora. the latter two species present wider clinical spectrum and have been associated with cases of visceral infection, most often affecting the brain. to our knowledge, this is the first report of proven case of f. monophora respiratory tract infection. ... | 2017 | 28660464 |
| cerebral phaeohyphomycosis by fonsecaea monophora: report in a patient with aids and a ring enhancing lesion. | fungal infections are infrequent causes of brain abscesses. fonsecaea monophora is a dematiaceous fungus that appears to be neurotropic. we report a case of fonsecaea monophora infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and review previous reports of brain abscesses by this organism. | 2016 | 27408767 |
| draft genome sequence of fonsecaea monophora strain cbs 269.37, an agent of human chromoblastomycosis. | the black yeast fonsecaea monophora is one of the main etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis in humans. its pathogenicity profile is more invasive than that of related fonsecaea species, causing brain infection in addition to (sub)cutaneous infections. | 2016 | 27469960 |
| the role of melanin pathways in extremotolerance and virulence of fonsecaea revealed by de novo assembly transcriptomics using illumina paired-end sequencing. | melanisation has been considered to be an important virulence factor of fonsecaea monophora. however, the biosynthetic mechanisms of melanisation remain unknown. we therefore used next generation sequencing technology to investigate the transcriptome and digital gene expression data, which are valuable resources to better understand the molecular and biological mechanisms regulating melanisation in f. monophora. we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and digital gene expression (dge) profil ... | 2016 | 27504027 |
| molecular phylogenetics of fonsecaea strains isolated from chromoblastomycosis patients in south korea. | fonsecaea strains isolated from chromoblastomycosis patients in korea and morphologically identified as fonsecaea pedrosoi were re-evaluated for typing by sequencing the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) regions. the its sequences of five korean isolates and two reference strains were determined and then aligned with those of 11 related strains deposited in genbank. in a phylogenetic tree constructed from these 18 strains, the korean isolates and the references were clustered into two ... | 2011 | 21910758 |
| Rapid identification of fungal pathogens by rolling circle amplification using Fonsecaea as a model. | We aimed to describe a rapid and sensitive assay for identification of pathogenic fungi without sequencing. The method of rolling circle amplification (RCA) is presented with species of Fonsecaea, agents of human chromoblastomycosis, as a model. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of 103 Fonsecaea strains was sequenced and aligned in view of designing three specific padlock probes to be used for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in three Fonsecaea species. The 38 str ... | 2011 | 21910759 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and differential expression of cdc42 in fonsecaea monophora. | the cell divisions cycle 42 (cdc42) gene has been characterized in the fungi, such as candida albicans, penicillium marneffei, and wangiella (exophiala) dermatitidis, which plays important roles during growth and development. the partial cdna sequence of cdc42 of fonsecaea monophora (f. monophora), designated fmcdc42, was obtained using degenerate primers based on the conserved domain of the other fungi cdc42. then the complete cdna sequence of fmcdc42 was obtained by 5' and 3' race. the full-le ... | 2011 | 21573800 |
| murine model of a disseminated infection by the novel fungus fonsecaea monophora and successful treatment with posaconazole. | we have evaluated the efficacy of posaconazole, amphotericin b, and itraconazole in a murine model of disseminated infection by fonsecaea monophora. of these three antifungal drugs tested, posaconazole prolonged survival significantly and reduced the fungal load in most of the organs tested. bioassay studies demonstrated the relationship between posaconazole levels and dose escalation in serum and brain tissue. posaconazole may have a clinical role in the treatment of disseminated infections by ... | 2010 | 20008773 |
| synergistic effects of terbinafine and itraconazole on clinical isolates of fonsecaea monophora. | our objective was to develop new approaches to the chemotherapy of invasive infections caused by fonsecaea monophora. the in vitro effects of a combination of terbinafine with itraconazole on 18 clinical isolates were evaluated using a checkerboard microdilution method. the mode of interaction between the two drugs on the 18 isolates was analyzed using fractional inhibitory concentration index (fici) analysis. fici analysis demonstrated that 12 (67%) were synergistic, 4 (22%) were additive, and ... | 2009 | 19502155 |
| successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis of 36 years duration caused by fonsecaea monophora. | we report a case of chromoblastomycosis in a 67-year-old female farmer, which involved a large (20 x 30 cm) cicatricial erythematous plaque on the inner side of her right thigh. the lesion was initially a small nodule which gradually extended over 36 years. direct microscopic examination revealed a granulomatous lesion with muriform cells surrounded by giant cells. the mould recovered in cultures was dark olivaceous and identified as fonsecaea monophora by ribosomal internal transcribe spacer (i ... | 2010 | 19488919 |
| molecular diversity of fonsecaea (chaetothyriales) causing chromoblastomycosis in southern china. | chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, cutaneous and subcutaneous infection caused by members of the order chaetothyriales and commonly found in china. among the etiologic agents, members of the genus cladophialophora are predominant in northern china. alternatively, fonsecaea spp. are particularly common in southern china. however, the identification of fonsecaea isolates recovered in china is difficult due to the fact that different species lack distinctive morphological characters. therefore, the ... | 2009 | 18951291 |
| chromoblastomycosis caused by a meristematic mutant of fonsecaea monophora. | we report the first case of chromoblastomycosis caused by a meristematic mutant of fonsecaea monophora in an 81-year-old cantonese male. the patient had a seven-month history of a red plaque with thick yellow crust and purulent exudates on the back of his right hand. microscopic examination of direct smears revealed brown sclerotic cells and black colonies were recovered in culture from samples of the purulent exudantes. the microscopic appearance of this isolate was quite different from that of ... | 2009 | 18798120 |
| melanin in a meristematic mutant of fonsecaea monophora inhibits the production of nitric oxide and th1 cytokines of murine macrophages. | melanin is a complex polymer which is secreted outside or constitutes the structure of fungal cell wall. it is considered as an important virulence factor in opportunistic pathogenic fungi. in this study, one albino mutant (cbs 125149) was generated from a parent meristematic mutant (cbs 122845) of fonsecaea monophora. transmission electron microscopy profiles showed that melanin in the parent strains appeared as electron-dense granules which located on the cell wall surface. we extracted the ce ... | 2013 | 23054330 |
| a refractory case of chromoblastomycosis due to fonsecaea monophora with improvement by photodynamic therapy. | chromoblastomycosis is one of the most frequently encountered mycoses in tropical and temperate regions caused by the implantation of the infectious structures and one which is associated with low cure and high relapse rates. the etiologic agents play a critical role affecting clinical outcome and in southern china, fonsecaea pedrosoi and f. monophora are the main causative agents of chromoblastomycosis. we treated, for two years, a 55-year-old male patient with chromoblastomycosis caused by f. ... | 2012 | 22309458 |
| chromoblastomycosis as an endemic disease in temperate europe: first confirmed case and review of the literature. | this study reports a case of a 56-year-old white male, retired coal-miner, diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis lasting 20 years. the infection site was the burnt skin of the back. for many years the patient had not undertaken any treatment believing that the lesion had been a burn scar. a gradual increase in lesion size prompted the patient to start therapy. the diagnosis was made by histopathological examination and mycological culture. identification of the causative agent at the species level ... | 2014 | 24048727 |
| fungal engagement of the c-type lectin mincle suppresses dectin-1-induced antifungal immunity. | recognition of fungal pathogens by c-type lectin receptor (clr) dectin-1 on human dendritic cells is essential for triggering protective antifungal th1 and th17 immune responses. we show that fonsecaea monophora, a causative agent of chromoblastomycosis, a chronic fungal skin infection, evades these antifungal responses by engaging clr mincle and suppressing il-12, which drives th1 differentiation. dectin-1 triggering by f. monophora activates transcription factor irf1, which is crucial for il12 ... | 2014 | 24721577 |
| photodynamic therapy combined with terbinafine against chromoblastomycosis and the effect of pdt on fonsecaea monophora in vitro. | chromoblastomycosis, a chronic fungal infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by dematiaceous fungi, is associated with low cure and high relapse rates. among all factors affecting clinical outcome, etiological agents have an important position. in southern china, fonsecaea pedrosoi and fonsecaea monophora are main causative agents causing chromoblastomycosis. we treated one case of chromoblastomycosis by photodynamic therapy (pdt) of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) irradiation combined wit ... | 2015 | 25366276 |
| glycan analysis of fonsecaea monophora from clinical and environmental origins reveals different structural profile and human antigenic response. | dematiaceous fungi constitute a large and heterogeneous group, characterized by having a dark pigment, the dihydroxynaftalen melanin-dhn, inside their cell walls. in nature they are found mainly as soil microbiota or decomposing organic matter, and are spread in tropical and subtropical regions. the fungus fonsecaea monophora causes chromoblastomycosis in humans, and possesses essential mechanisms that may enhance pathogenicity, proliferation and dissemination inside the host. glycoconjugates co ... | 2014 | 25401093 |
| chromoblastomycosis due to fonsecaea monophora in a man with nephritic syndrome. | chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi. fonsecaea monophora, a new species segregated from f. pedrosoi, may be the most prevalent pathogen of chromoblastomycosis in southern china. herein, we report a rare case of chromoblastomycosis in a man with nephritic syndrome. he presented with an asymptomatic red plaque on the back of his left wrist that had appeared and enlarged over a period of 1.5 years, without any prior trauma. he was initially diagnosed w ... | 2015 | 25575792 |
| a case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by fonsecaea monophora, a neurotropic dematiaceous fungus, and a review of the literature. | the fonsecaea species, which are the leading causes of chromoblastomycosis, are not considered neurotropic fungal agents. fonsecaea pedrosoi is the primary species in the genus and is usually isolated from chromoblastomycosis cases. however, the recently distinguished species f. monophora has been reported in a few cerebral phaeohyphomycosis cases. here, a case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by fonsecaea monophora is presented in a 71-year-old female subject with chronic diabetes mellitus ... | 2015 | 25591071 |
| molecular typing using polymorphisms of the polyketide synthase gene (pks1) of strains in japan morphologically identified as fonsecaea pedrosoi. | fonsecaea pedrosoi sensu lato is a major causative agent of dematiaceous fungal infection in japan. recent sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the ribosomal rna gene has shown that this species can be separated into three species: f. pedrosoi sensu stricto, f. monophora and f. nubica. the cell walls of dematiaceous fungi including the genus fonsecaea contain melanin, which is important for their virulence. polyketide synthase (pks1) is an enzyme required for mel ... | 2017 | 27162115 |
| chromoblastomycosis due to fonsecaea monophora misdiagnosed as sporotrichosis and cutaneous tuberculosis in a pulmonary tuberculosis patient. | chromoblastomycosis is caused by dematiaceous fungi. it develops after inoculation of the organism into the skin. we report a case of chromoblastomycosis in a pulmonary tuberculosis patient without known history of trauma. the lesions were initially diagnosed as sporotrichosis and skin tuberculosis. histopathology of scales and skin biopsy specimen revealed sclerotic bodies, the hallmark of chromoblastomycosis. the causative organism was identified as fonsecaea monophora by rdna its sequencing. ... | 2016 | 27330937 |
| molecular identification of chromoblastomycosis clinical isolates in guangdong. | chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. the most common etiologic agent encountered in southern china is from the genus fonsecaea. fonsecaea species are often misidentified due to indistinct morphology features; furthermore, recent taxonomy revision was done on the fungi genus. herein, a comprehensive evaluation with molecular sequencing data based on internal transcribed spacer (its) ribosomal dna regions as molecular targets were implemented to 37 ... | 2017 | 28053146 |
| chromoblastomycosis in mainland china: a systematic review on clinical characteristics. | chromoblastomycosis is one of the most frequent chronic infections caused by melanized fungi. in order to evaluate the clinical characteristics of chromoblastomycosis in mainland china, we performed an evidence-based review of published literature. pubmed and chinese-language database of cnki, vip and wanfang data during january 1990-august 2011 were searched. epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory findings, therapy and prognosis were analyzed. cladophialophora carrionii was the most common ... | 2013 | 23086329 |
| high-resolution melting analysis assay for identification of fonsecaea species. | chromoblastomycosis (cbm) is a chronic fungal disease. in china, the principle etiologic agent was a group of dematiaceous fungi, including fonsecaea monophora, fonsecaea nubica, and cladophialophora carrionii. although the fonsecaea species have similar morphology, their pathogenicity is quite different. this study aims to establish a new solution for early identification of fonsecaea species because of their distinctive potential infection risk. | 2017 | 28543666 |
| chromoblastomycosis in taiwan: a report of 30 cases and a review of the literature. | chromoblastomycosis (cbm) is an implantation mycosis characterized by the presence of pigmented muriform cells in tissue. cbm is endemic in taiwan, but only three formal cases have been reported to date because of underreporting. to describe and update its epidemiologic features, we report a series of 30 cases between 2003 and 2016 at a single medical center. patients were predominately male (2.75:1). the mean age of onset was 65.9 years, and disease duration ranged from 2 months to 20 years. di ... | 2017 | 29087525 |
| photodynamic effects on fonsecaea monophora conidia and raw264.7 in vitro. | chromoblastomycosis (cbm), one of the neglected tropical diseases, is hard to cure and easy to be recurrent. many studies suggest that macrophage is involved in the pathogenesis of chromoblastomycosis and the fungicidal effect of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ala-pdt) against f. monophora (one of the main causative agent of chromoblastomycosis) has shown great promise. however, the fungicidal ability of ala-pdt to f. monophora is still controversial and the molecular mechani ... | 2017 | 28992604 |