| arrow poisons in china. part i. | arrow poisons have been used for at least 2500 years in various parts of china by the han and other peoples. the preparation and use of these poisons is discussed on the basis of accounts in chinese and western sources. mostly, the principal ingredient has been an extract derived from the tubers of aconitum species, especially a. carmichaelii debx. (wu t'ou, fu tzu, ts'ao wu). certain peoples of the south-west and south, besides using aconitum, have also obtained an essential ingredient from the ... | 1979 | 397373 |
| muscle-relaxant activity in asian strychnos species. a re-examination of two western malaysian dart poisons. | two supposedly strychnos-based semai senoi dart poisons from western malaysia, ipoh akar and lampong, and their accompanying plant materials have been re-investigated botanically, chemically, and pharmacologically. the two poisons contained tertiary and quaternary alkaloids, including strychnine and bis-quaternary dimeric bases, and also cardiotonic glycosides. the dominant pharmacological activity of the highly toxic ipoh akar poison was convulsant. the weaker lampong poison had muscle-relaxant ... | 1977 | 600024 |
| analysis of some malaysian dart poisons. | an investigation of nine malaysian dart poisons has confirmed that their main active components are cardenolides from antiaris toxicaria (pers.) lesch. and alkaloids probably from different forms of strychnos ignatii p. bergius. it is not possible to determine the ethnic origin of the poisons from the results of the analyses on their own. two new cardiac glycosides have been isolated and their structures determined as 12 beta-hydroxycannogenin 3 beta-o-beta-d-deoxygulopyranoside and 3 beta-o-alp ... | 1992 | 1501494 |
| urinary polyamine excretion patterns in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. | free and acetylated urinary putrescine, spermine and spermidine levels (upa) and total polyamine excretion were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 57 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (eoc) and 43 control patients. mean upa levels were higher and the number of abnormal upas per sample greater for cancer patients but maximum single upa sensitivity was only 29%. no control subject had more than 2 abnormal upa values compared with 42% of patients with eoc. rising upa levels ... | 1989 | 2620864 |
| [unpublished notes of claude bernard on the physiologic properties of arrow poisons (curare, upas, strychnine and others)]. | | 1966 | 4222865 |
| studies on the indonesian antiaris toxicaria sap. | the present research is on a milky sap obtained from the antiaris toxicaria tree (moraceae) which is called upas or ipoh in indonesia. the crude sap was administered to anesthetized rats, and changes in electrocardiogram (ecg) and systemic blood pressure was observed. biologically and pharmacologically active components were extracted from the crude sap by means of water-acetone solution. based on the strength of chemical qualitative detection tests of the sap extract (se), cardiac glycosides ar ... | 1983 | 6306201 |
| [the weighted health care unit: a new tool for hospital budgeting]. | hospital budgets must be based on estimated workload in order to fairly distribute available financial resources. a tool to measure hospital production is need to achieve this aim. we present in this article the results of a study on hospital cost which was carried out to design a new unit for measuring intermediate hospital products: the weighted health care unit (unidad ponderada asistencial: upa). thereafter we use multiple regression to find out structure, services and activity variables whi ... | 1993 | 8169037 |
| effects of membrane-associated cathepsin b on the activation of receptor-bound prourokinase and subsequent invasion of reconstituted basement membranes. | the present study was undertaken to assess the role of membrane-associated cathepsin b as an activator of receptor-bound single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-upa) and to determine the importance of receptor-bound upa activity in the destruction of extracellular matrix by tumor cells with subsequent invasion through basement membranes. ovarian cancer hoc-i cells express pro-upa/hmw-upa and cathepsin b on their surface. upas are bound to a specific surface receptor, about 30% of ... | 1993 | 8329457 |
| increased cell-surface urokinase in advanced ovarian cancer. | urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa), upa receptors, and cathepsin b were quantitated by using an immunological method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and amidolytic activity assays in 15 malignant and 10 benign epithelial ovarian tumors. the levels of upa and upa receptors, as well as cathepsin b, were found to be higher in membrane preparations obtained from malignant tumors than in those obtained from benign tumors. acid-treated membranes acquired the ability to bind upa, indicating ... | 1993 | 8340251 |
| [activity and cost in hospitals managed by insalud in 1990-1993]. | the improvement of the efficiency of the hospitals is a common objective in all the health systems. in the last years, different management measures have been implemented in the territory directly managed by insalud, looking for a continuous improvement of the hospital efficiency. in this paper we analyze the activity and the expenses during the last four years in the insalud managed hospitals. | 1995 | 8548681 |
| introduction of an rrhr motif into chicken urokinase-type plasminogen activator (ch-upa) confers sensitivity to plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai)-1 and pai-2 and allows ch-upa-mediated extracellular matrix degradation to be controlled by pai-1. | comparison of the amino acid sequence of the chicken and human urokinase-type plasminogen activators (upas) revealed that the putative pai-binding site found in the variable region 1 (vr1) loop of mammalian pas is absent in the homologous region of ch-upa. ch-upa, unlike mammalian pas, also appears to be refractory to inhibition by human pais and as a naturally occurring pai-resistant variant, constitutes a unique model system for assessing the functional relevance of the pai-binding site. there ... | 1997 | 9096324 |
| the urokinase plasminogen activator system in angiosarcoma, kaposi's sarcoma, granuloma pyogenicum, and angioma: an immunohistochemical study. | background extracellular matrix proteolysis is one of the most important steps in angiogenesis. the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (upas), consisting of the urokinase plasminogen activator (upa), the upa receptor (upa-r), and their corresponding inhibitors, pai-1 and pai-2, is thought to play a role in this process. | 2000 | 10759957 |
| optimum domestic processing and cooking methods for reducing the polyphenolic (antinutrient) content of pigeon peas. | four high yielding and early maturing cultivars of pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) namely upas-120, icpl-87, icpl-151 and, especially, manak, contained significant amounts of polyphenols (1075 to 1328 mg/100g), which may limit their utilization. the effectiveness of soaking (6, 12 and 18 h, 30 degrees c), soaking and dehulling, ordinary cooking, pressure cooking and germination (24, 36, 48 h, 30 degrees c) in reducing the levels of polyphenols was investigated. a decrease in the polyphenolic contents ... | 2000 | 10768410 |
| saponin content and trypsin inhibitor activity in processed and cooked pigeon pea cultivars. | four high-yielding varieties of pigeon pea namely upas-120, manak, jcpl-151. icpl-87 had considerable amounts of antinutrients i.e. saponins and trypsin inhibitors. saponin content of these unprocessed cultivars ranged from 2164 to 3494 mg/100 g. there were significant varietal variations in trypsin inhibitor activity (1007-1082 tiu/g) of these pigeon pea cultivars. some simple, inexpensive and easy-to-use domestic processing and cooking methods, namely, soaking (6, 12, 18 h), soaking (12 h)-deh ... | 2001 | 11225178 |
| life testing of the vapor compression distillation urine processor assembly (vcd/upa) at the marshall space flight center. | wastewater and urine generated on the international space station (iss) will be processed to recover pure water using vapor compression distillation (vcd). to verify the long-term reliability and performance of the vcd urine processor assembly (upa), life testing was performed at the marshall space flight center (msfc) from january 1993 to april 1996. two upas, the vcd-5 and vcd-5a, were tested for 204 days and 665 days, respectively. the compressor gears and the distillation centrifuge drive be ... | 1998 | 11540460 |
| binding site of amiloride to urokinase plasminogen activator depends on species. | a novel drug candidate is checked on its potency on animal models before it can advance to human phase of the research. usually negative results on animal phase disqualify it. targeting specific enzymes by small chemicals raises the question about the appropriateness of this approach. as an example, the urokinase (upa) is recognized as an important enzyme responsible for cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. it is therefore important to ask the question if a small chemical will inhibit upa of diff ... | 2001 | 11562773 |
| urokinase plasminogen activator augments cell proliferation and neointima formation in injured arteries via proteolytic mechanisms. | urokinase plasminogen activator (upa) has been implicated in the healing responses of injured arteries, but the importance of its various properties that influence smooth muscle cell (smc) proliferation and migration in vivo is unclear. we used three recombinant (r-) forms of upa, which differ markedly in their proteolytic activities and abilities to bind to the upa receptor (upar), to determine, which property most influences the healing responses of balloon catheter injured rat carotid arterie ... | 2001 | 11730809 |
| changes in phytates and hcl extractability of calcium, phosphorus, and iron of soaked, dehulled, cooked, and sprouted pigeon pea cultivar (upas-120). | upas-120, a high yielding and early maturing variety of pigeon peas released by the department of plant breeding, ccs haryana agricultural university, hisar contained a significant amount of phytic acid, i.e. 886 mg/100 g. when it was subjected to various domestic processing and cooking methods viz. soaking (6, 12, 18 h), dehulling, ordinary as well as pressure cooking and germination (24, 36 and 48 h), a drastic decrease in level of phytic acid with a remarkable increase in the hcl-extractabili ... | 2002 | 12602935 |
| prescription patterns of recently graduated physicians in colombia: a survey during the mandatory social work period. | to quantify prescribing patterns of physicians during their year of social work in health centers of bogotá, colombia, for three tracer conditions: acute respiratory infection (ari), systemic hypertension (sh) and acute diarrhea (ad). | 1998 | 15073742 |
| cluster bean-a ureide- or amide-producing legume? | xylem sap of cluster bean (cyamopsis tetragonoloba l. cv fs-277) and pigeonpea (cajanus cajan cv upas-120) were analyzed for total nitrogen, amide nitrogen, and ureide nitrogen at flowering stage. nitrogenase, uricase, and allantoinase were compared in nodules of cluster bean and pigeonpea. xylem sap of cluster bean exhibited higher amounts of amides as compared to ureides, and the activities of uricase and allantoinase (ureide-producing enzymes) in nodules were also low, whereas the reverse was ... | 1982 | 16662600 |
| some effects of upas antiar on the frog's heart. | | 1876 | 17231109 |
| immunoreactive cycloimmunogen design based on conformational epitopes derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptors: cyclic dodecapeptides mimic undecapeptidyl arches of extracellular loop-2 in chemokine receptor and inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) requires a chemokine receptor (ccr5 or cxcr4) as a coreceptor not only for initiate viral entry but also protecting highly conserved neutralization epitopes from the attack of neutralizing antibodies. over the past decade, many studies have provided new insights into the hiv entry mechanism and have focused on developing an effective vaccine strategy. however, to date, no vaccine that can provide protection from hiv-1 infection has been developed. one ... | 2007 | 17584153 |
| a toxicological study of antiaris toxicaria (nu chien tzu). | | 1949 | 18148670 |
| molecular evidence for a clonal relationship between multiple lesions in patients with unknown primary adenocarcinoma. | unknown primary adenocarcinoma (upa) comprises a group of heterogeneous cancers of great clinical and biological interest. upa presents as metastatic disease without a detectable primary site after medical workup. here we investigated whether or not a clonal relationship exists between multiple tumors within individual upa patients. a molecular resemblance would argue for an early clonal outgrowth of tumor cells from the primary lesion, a mutual feature observed within this group of neoplasms. i ... | 2008 | 18561313 |
| cardenolides from antiaris toxicaria as potent selective nur77 modulators. | toxicarioside d (1), a new cardenolide, along with 10 other known ones, was isolated from the stem of antiaris toxicaria lesch. by bioassay-guided fractionation. their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. all the reported compounds effectively inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. inhibition of cancer cell growth was accompanied with induction of the expression of nur77, a potent apoptotic member of the steroid/thyroid hormon ... | 2008 | 18591820 |
| possible involvement of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in desiccation sensitivity of antiaris toxicaria seeds and axes. | the relationships among desiccation sensitivities of antiaris toxicaria seeds and axes, changes in activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), catalase (cat), glutathione reductase (gr) and dehydroascorbate reductase, (dhar), production rate of superoxide radical (.o(2) (-)), and the contents of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and thiobarbituric acid (tba)-reactive substance were studied. desiccation tolerance of seeds and axes decreased with dehydration. desiccation toler ... | 2008 | 19093973 |
| phenylpropanoid and lignan derivatives from antiaris toxicaria and their effects on proliferation and differentiation of an osteoblast-like cell line. | antiarisin a and b (1 and 2), together with seventeen known compounds (3-19), were isolated from the etoac extract of the stem of antiaris toxicaria lesch. their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. most of the compounds were reported for the first time from the antiaris genus and firstly studied for their proliferative and differentiative activity on osteoblast-like cells. screening results indicated that, at the concentration of 10(-8) m, benz ... | 2009 | 19184966 |
| the urokinase plasminogen activator system: a target for anti-cancer therapy. | the urokinase plasminogen activator (upa) system (upas) consists of the upa, its cognate receptor (upar) and two specific inhibitors, the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (pai-1) and 2 (pai-2). the upa converts the proenzyme plasminogen in the serine protease plasmin, involved in a number of physiopathological processes requiring basement membrane (bm) and/or extracellular matrix (ecm) remodelling, including tumor progression and metastasis. data accumulated over the past years have made increa ... | 2009 | 19200050 |
| tumor and vascular targeting of a novel oncolytic measles virus retargeted against the urokinase receptor. | oncolytic measles virus (mv) induces cell fusion and cytotoxicity in a cd46-dependent manner. development of fully retargeted oncolytic mvs would improve tumor selectivity. the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (upar) is a tumor and stromal target overexpressed in multiple malignancies. mv-h glycoproteins fully retargeted to either human or murine upar were engineered and their fusogenic activity was determined. recombinant human (mv-h-upa) and murine (mv-m-upa) upar-retargeted mvs e ... | 2009 | 19208845 |
| reaction of pigeonpea cultivars and germplasm accessions to the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica. | meloidogyne javanica is an important nematode pest of pigeonpea. thirty-four pigeonpea cultivars and 227 germplasm accessions were evaluated for resistance to m. javanica based on number of galls, egg masses, size of galls, and area of root covered with galls. galls were not formed on 75% of the cultivars, and no egg masses were observed on the roots of four cultivars (upas 120, pant a3, co 1, and bdn 2); however, shoot mass of 64% of the cultivars was reduced by m. javanica. pant a3, anm 504, a ... | 1994 | 19279941 |
| the response difference of mitochondria in recalcitrant antiaris toxicaria axes and orthodox zea mays embryos to dehydration injury. | long-term preservation of recalcitrant seeds is very difficult because the physiological basis on their desiccation sensitivity is poorly understood. survival of antiaris toxicaria axes rapidly decreased and that of immature maize embryos very slowly decreased with dehydration. to understand their different responses to dehydration, we examined the changes in mitochondria activity during dehydration. although activities of cytochrome (cyt) c oxidase and malate dehydrogenase of the a. toxicaria a ... | 2009 | 19566643 |
| a new cytotoxic 19-nor-cardenolide from the latex of antiaris toxicaria. | a new nor-cardenolide, named toxicarioside h (1), was isolated from the latex of antiaris toxicaria (pers.) lesch (moraceae). its structure was elucidated on the basis of hrfab-ms and spectroscopic techniques (ir, uv, 1d and 2d nmr). compound 1 showed significant cytotoxicity against k562, sgc-7901, smmc-7721, and hela cell lines in vitro by mtt method. | 2009 | 19783952 |
| constriction of carotid arteries by urokinase-type plasminogen activator requires catalytic activity and is independent of nh(2)-terminal domains. | urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa) is expressed at increased levels in stenotic, atherosclerotic human arteries. however, the biological roles of upa in the artery wall are poorly understood. previous studies associate upa with both acute vasoconstriction and chronic vascular remodeling and attribute upa-mediated vasoconstriction to the kringle - not the catalytic - domain of upa. we used an in-vivo upa overexpression model to test the hypothesis that upa-induced vasoconstriction is a re ... | 2009 | 19888538 |
| effect of proteasome inhibitors with different chemical structures on the ubiquitin-proteasome system in vitro. | proteasome inhibitor therapeutics (pits) have the potential to cause peripheral neuropathy. in a mouse model of pit-induced peripheral neuropathy, the authors demonstrated that ubiquitin-positive multifocal protein aggregates with nuclear displacement appear in dorsal root ganglion cells of animals that subsequently develop nerve injuries. this peripheral-nerve effect in nonclinical models has generally been recognized as the correlate of grade 3 neuropathy in clinical testing. in differentiated ... | 2010 | 20124009 |
| two new cytotoxic cardenolides from the latex of antiaris toxicaria. | two new cardenolides, toxicarioside f (1) and toxicarioside g (2), were isolated from the latex of antiaris toxicaria (pers.) lesch (moraceae). their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence. compounds 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity against k562, sgc-7901, smmc-7721, and hela cell lines in vitro by the mtt method. | 2009 | 20183332 |
| increased expression of urokinase plasminogen activator and its cognate receptor in human seminomas. | the urokinase plasminogen activating system (upas) is implicated in neoplastic progression and high tissue levels of upas components correlate with a poor prognosis in different human cancers. despite that, relative few studies are available on the expression and function of the upas components in human seminomas. in the present study we characterized the expression of the urokinase plasminogen activator (upa), its cognate receptor (upar) and the upa inhibitors pai-1 and pai-2 in normal human te ... | 2010 | 20403162 |
| viability loss pattern under rapid dehydration of antiaris toxicaria axes and its relation to oxidative damage. | the relation between oxidative damage and viability loss of excised embryonic axes of antiaris toxicaria subjected to rapid drying with silica gel at 15 degrees c was studied. changes of survival rate, accumulation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (tbars), activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), glutathione reductase (gr) and the permeability of cell membrane that was determined as relative electrolyte leakage (rel) were measured. the half- ... | 2010 | 20537039 |
| cardiac glycosides from antiaris toxicaria with potent cardiotonic activity. | an ethanolic extract of antiaris toxicaria trunk bark showed potent in vitro cardiotonic effect on isolated guinea pig atria. bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to identification of nine new cardiac glycosides (1-9, named antiarosides a-i), antiarotoxinin a (10), and 18 known compounds. their structures were established using ms and nmr spectroscopic studies, including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation experiments. the ability of these cardiotonic compounds to produce posit ... | 2010 | 20553004 |
| brine shrimp toxicity of some plants used as traditional medicines in kagera region, north western tanzania. | dichloromethane and/or ethanol extracts of 30 plants used as traditional medicines in bukoba district, northwestern tanzania were evaluated for brine shrimp toxicity. among the 50 extracts tested, 32 extracts (64%) showed very low toxicity with lc50 values above 100 microg/ml. among these 12 (24%) which had lc50 >500 microg/ml can be categorized as being practically non-toxic. among the remaining extracts 19 (38%) which showed lc50 > 100 < 500 microg/ml are also considered to be non-toxic. extra ... | 2010 | 20737830 |
| development of genic-ssr markers by deep transcriptome sequencing in pigeonpea [cajanus cajan (l.) millspaugh]. | pigeonpea [cajanus cajan (l.) millspaugh], one of the most important food legumes of semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions, has limited genomic resources, particularly expressed sequence based (genic) markers. we report a comprehensive set of validated genic simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers using deep transcriptome sequencing, and its application in genetic diversity analysis and mapping. | 2011 | 21251263 |
| cytotoxic cardenolide glycosides from the seeds of antiaris toxicaria. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract from the seeds of antiaris toxicaria led to the isolation of three new cardiac glycosides named toxicarioside j ( 1), toxicarioside k ( 2), and toxicarioside l ( 3), together with a known glucostrophalloside ( 4). the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including hresims, uv, ir, and 1d, 2d nmr techniques. the cytotoxic activities of these cardiac glycosides against human gastric (sgc-7901) and human hepa ... | 2011 | 21509716 |
| a new drimane sesquiterpenoid glycoside from the seeds of antiaris toxicaria. | a new drimane sesquiterpenoid glycoside, named 7-drimen-3β,11-diol 3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, was isolated from the 95% etoh extract of the seeds of antiaris toxicaria (pers.) lesch. the chemical structure was completely elucidated using a combination of 1d and 2d nmr techniques (cosy, hmqc, hmbc, and roesy) and hr-esi-ms analysis. the compound showed inhibitory activities toward methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), chronic myelogenous leukemia (k562), and human hepatoma (smmc-7721) ... | 2011 | 21623521 |
| molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad) | the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa) is a serine protease that mediates its activity through a receptor (upar) and has an important role in several physiological processes such as matrix remodeling, inflammation, fibrinolysis, and cancer tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis (1). in addition, upa activity is modulated by two specific inhibitors known as upai-1 and upai-2. the structure and functioning of upa and its receptor is discussed in detail by ploug (2). the upa, upar, an ... | 2004 | 20642001 |
| nitric oxide enhances desiccation tolerance of recalcitrant antiaris toxicaria seeds via protein s-nitrosylation and carbonylation. | the viability of recalcitrant seeds is lost following stress from either drying or freezing. reactive oxygen species (ros) resulting from uncontrolled metabolic activity are likely responsible for seed sensitivity to drying. nitric oxide (no) and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle can be used for the detoxification of ros, but their roles in the seed response to desiccation remain poorly understood. here, we report that desiccation induces rapid accumulation of h(2)o(2), which blocks recalcitrant a ... | 2011 | 21674063 |