| candida africana sp. nov., a new human pathogen or a variant of candida albicans? | atypical candida strains were isolated from patients in madagascar, angola and germany. these isolates were slow growing and were unable to produce chlamydospores. they had atypical carbohydrate assimilation profiles. all strains were unable to assimilate the amino sugars n-acteylglucosamine and glucosamine as well as the disaccharide trehalose and the organic acid dl-lactate. they were germ-tube-positive in serum, but only some of these organisms produced pseudohyphae after a long incubation. a ... | 2001 | 11820255 |
| isolation of candida africana, probable atypical strains of candida albicans, from a patient with vaginitis. | identification of unusual fungal isolates is a major challenge for the clinical laboratory. this report describes the isolation of candida africana from a patient with vaginitis. this is a doubtful species which possibly represents atypical strains of candida albicans. candida africana can be separated morphologically and physiologically from c. albicans but not genetically. the analysis of 26s rrna gene showed near 100% homology between c. africana and c. albicans. | 2008 | 17885960 |
| multilocus sequence typing confirms synonymy but highlights differences between candida albicans and candida stellatoidea. | we used multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) to investigate 35 yeast isolates representing the two genome-sequenced strains plus the type strain of candida albicans, four isolates originally identified as candida stellatoidea type i and 28 representing type strains of other species now regarded as synonymous with c. albicans. dna from all 32 c. albicans synonyms readily formed pcr products with the c. albicans mlst primer sets. their sequences placed all of them within the existing c. albicans cla ... | 2008 | 18547330 |
| first molecular method for discriminating between candida africana, candida albicans, and candida dubliniensis by using hwp1 gene. | the authors report here a polymerase chain reaction-based assay using a single primer pair (cr-f/cr-r), allowing discrimination between candida africana and candida albicans by using the hwp1 gene. the method also identifies candida dubliniensis because it produces 3 different dna fragments: approximately 700 bp for c. africana, 941 bp for c. albicans, and 569 for c. dubliniensis. | 2008 | 18640803 |
| morphological, biochemical and molecular characterisation of the first italian candida africana isolate. | one atypical isolate of the pathogenic yeast candida albicans was isolated from an italian patient with vulvovaginitis. the strain, germ tube positive and chlamydospore-negative showed white-thin turquoise colonies on candida id 2 medium. the yeast was identified as candida africana by using morphological and biochemical tests. on the basis of the molecular results obtained in this study as well as in other studies, c. africana cannot be yet considered as a new species of candida. it is possible ... | 2009 | 18983430 |
| molecular epidemiology of candida albicans and its closely related yeasts candida dubliniensis and candida africana. | we performed a molecular study to determine the occurrence of candida albicans, candida africana, and candida dubliniensis in different clinical samples. the study provides new insights into the epidemiology of candidiasis in hospitalized patients in three hospitals in southern italy. it also reports the first detailed epidemiological data concerning the occurrence of c. africana in clinical samples. | 2009 | 18987171 |
| adherence ability of candida africana: a comparative study with candida albicans and candida dubliniensis. | summary in this study, we compared the adherence ability to human hela cells and biofilm formation of three closely related candida yeast. in our experiments, candida africana showed poor adhesion ability to human hela cells and the absence of biofilm formation on polyvinyl chloride strips. conversely, candida albicans and candida dubliniensis formed mature biofilms and stable attachment to hela cells. to our knowledge, this is the first comparative study reporting data on biofilm formation and ... | 2010 | 20202113 |
| candida africana and its closest relatives. | summary candida africana is a recently described opportunistic yeast pathogen that has been linked to vaginal candidiasis. this yeast was first described, in 1995, as atypical chlamydospore-negative candida albicans strain, and subsequently proposed as a new candida species on the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics clearly different from those of typical c. albicans isolates. phylogenetic studies based on the comparison of ribosomal dna sequences demonstrated t ... | 2010 | 20667001 |
| lack of candida africana and candida dubliniensis in vaginal candida albicans isolates in turkey using hwp1 gene polymorphisms. | candida africana differs from the common strains of c. albicans and c. dubliniensis morphologically, physiologically, genetically, and, in particular, clinically. this fungal pathogen is primarily recovered from genital specimens, especially in vaginal specimens. in this investigation, we reexamined 195 vaginal c. albicans isolates for the presence of c. africana and c. dubliniensis by using hyphal wall protein 1 (hwp1) gene polymorphisms. all study isolates were confirmed to be c. albicans, and ... | 2011 | 21380767 |
| [identification of three candida africana strains in senegal]. | the frequency of candidiasis has increased dramatically in recent years. candida albicans is the most common species. however, other species which are pathogenic and resistant to usual antifungal agents beginning to emerge. these include candida dubliniensis and candida africana, which share morphological similarities with candida albicans. thus, it is of interest to correctly identify the fungal isolates. | 2012 | 23518168 |
| prevalence of candida albicans, candida dubliniensis and candida africana in pregnant women suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis in argentina. | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is a vulvovaginitis commonly diagnosed in gynecology care. in recent years, the taxonomy of the most important pathogenic candida species, such as candida albicans have undergone significant changes. | 2017 | 28385421 |
| can serums be replaced by mueller-hinton agar in germ tube test? | the germ tube test (gtt) is inexpensive, easy, and well-defined test that differentiates candida albicans (excluding candida dubliniensis and candida africana) from other species. the aim of this study was to evaluate various serums (i.e., human, rabbit, horse, and fetal bovine serum) used in the gtt and mueller-hinton agar (mha). | 2017 | 27958248 |
| microdilution in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of candida species, from mild cutaneous to bloodstream infections. | candida species, as opportunistic organisms, can cause various clinical manifestations, ranging from mild cutaneous infections to systemic candidiasis in otherwise healthy individuals. remarkably, the incidence and mortality rates of candidemia have significantly increased worldwide, even after advances in medical interventions and the development of novel antifungal drugs. | 2016 | 27679703 |
| postantifungal effect of caspofungin against the candida albicans and candida parapsilosis clades. | killing and postantifungal effects could be relevant for the selection of optimal dosing schedules. this study aims to compare time-kill and postantifungal effects with caspofungin on candida albicans (c. albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida africana) and candida parapsilosis (c. parapsilosis, candida metapsilosis, candida orthopsilosis) clades. in the postantifungal effect experiments, strains were exposed to caspofungin for 1 h at concentrations 0.12-8 μg/ml. time-kill experiments were cond ... | 2016 | 27492134 |
| prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of candida albicans and its related species candida dubliniensis and candida africana isolated from vulvovaginal samples in a hospital of argentina. | candida africana taxonomical status is controversial. it was proposed as a separate species within the candida albicans species complex; however, phylogenetic analyses suggested that it is an unusual variety of c. albicans. the prevalence of c. albicans-related species (candida dubliniensis and c. africana) as vulvovaginal pathogens is not known in argentina. moreover, data on antifungal susceptibility of isolates causing vulvovaginal candidiasis is scarce. the aims of this study were to establi ... | 2016 | 26922471 |
| molecular characterization of the n-acetylglucosamine catabolic genes in candida africana, a natural n-acetylglucosamine kinase (hxk1) mutant. | in this study we report the genetic characterization, including expression analysis, of the genes involved in the uptake (ngt1) and catabolism (hxk1/nag5, dac1/nag2, nag1) of the aminosugar n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) in candida africana, a pathogenic biovariant of candida albicans that is naturally unable to assimilate the glcnac. | 2016 | 26808192 |
| molecular characterization of candida africana in genital specimens in shanghai, china. | candida africana, an emerging yeast pathogen, is closely related to candida albicans and most commonly involved in vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). however, its prevalence in candidal balanoposthitis is still unclear. in this study, the prevalence of c. africana in both candidal balanoposthitis and vvc in a sexually transmitted diseases (std) clinic in shanghai, china, was analyzed, and the molecular characterization and susceptible profiles of c. africana isolates were investigated. as results, ... | 2015 | 26665002 |
| characterising atypical candida albicans clinical isolates from six third-level hospitals in bogotá, colombia. | candida species are the most frequently found fungal pathogens causing nosocomial disease in a hospital setting. such species must be correctly identified to ensure that appropriate control measures are taken and that suitable treatment is given for each species. candida albicans is causing most fungal disease burden worldwide; the challenge lies in differentiating it from emerging atypical, minor and related species such as candida dubliniensis and candida africana. the purpose of this study wa ... | 2015 | 26438104 |
| molecular characterization of highly susceptible candida africana from vulvovaginal candidiasis. | phylogenetic studies highlight candida africana as an atypical variant within candida albicans species complex which is dominantly recovered from vaginal specimens. this study aimed to characterize c. africana isolates from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) by molecular methods and in vitro susceptibilities. one hundred and fifty-six (48.44%) candida strains were collected from 322 patients diagnosed with vvc. of these, 114 (73.07%) were germ tube positive and presented green color on ... | 2015 | 26183965 |
| postantifungal effect of micafungin against the species complexes of candida albicans and candida parapsilosis. | micafungin is an effective antifungal agent useful for the therapy of invasive candidiasis. candida albicans is the most common cause of invasive candidiasis; however, infections due to non-c. albicans species, such as candida parapsilosis, are rising. killing and postantifungal effects (pafe) are important factors in both dose interval choice and infection outcome. the aim of this study was to determinate the micafungin pafe against 7 c. albicans strains, 5 candida dubliniensis, 2 candida afric ... | 2015 | 26168269 |
| comparison of the in vitro activity of echinocandins against candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, and candida africana by time-kill curves. | candida albicans remains the most common fungal pathogen. this species is closely related to 2 phenotypically similar cryptic species, candida dubliniensis and candida africana. this study aims to compare the antifungal activities of echinocandins against 7 c. albicans, 5 c. dubliniensis, and 2 c. africana strains by time-kill methodology. mic values were similar for the 3 species; however, differences in killing activity were observed among species, isolates, and echinocandins. echinocandins pr ... | 2015 | 25703894 |
| current methods for identifying clinically important cryptic candida species. | in recent years, the taxonomy of the most important pathogenic candida species (candida albicans, candida parapsilosis and candida glabrata) has undergone profound changes due to the description of new closely-related species. this has resulted in the establishment of cryptic species complexes difficult to recognize in clinical diagnostic laboratories. the identification of these novel candida species seems to be clinically relevant because it is likely that they differ in virulence and drug res ... | 2015 | 25659326 |
| investigation of minor species candida africana, candida stellatoidea and candida dubliniensis in the candida albicans complex among yaoundé (cameroon) hiv-infected patients. | minor species of the candida albicans complex may cause overestimation of the epidemiology of c. albicans, and misidentifications could mask their implication in human pathology. authors determined the occurrence of minor species of the c. albicans complex (c. africana, c. dubliniensis and c. stellatoidea) among yaoundé hiv-infected patients, cameroon. stool, vaginal discharge, urine and oropharyngeal samples were analysed by mycological diagnosis. isolates were identified by conventional method ... | 2015 | 25289589 |
| prevalence of candida albicans-closely related yeasts, candida africana and candida dubliniensis, in vulvovaginal candidiasis. | isolates of candida africana and c. dubliniensis were recovered from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc). the isolates were initially identified as c. albicans through use of the api candida system. we retrospectively reexamined 1014 vaginal isolates presumptively determined to be c. albicans at the department of obstetrics and gynecology of peking university shenzhen hospital from 1 january 2003 through 31 december 2012. our objective was to determine, via detection of the hwp1 gene, i ... | 2014 | 25023482 |
| epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, and pathogenicity of candida africana isolates from the united kingdom. | candida africana was previously proposed as a new species within the candida albicans species complex, together with c. albicans and c. dubliniensis, although further phylogenetic analyses better support its status as an unusual variant within c. albicans. here we show that c. africana can be distinguished from c. albicans and c. dubliniensis by pyrosequencing of a short region of its2, and we have evaluated its occurrence in clinical samples by pyrosequencing all presumptive isolates of c. albi ... | 2013 | 23303503 |
| [tropical and travel-related dermatomycoses : part 2: cutaneous infections due to yeasts, moulds, and dimorphic fungi]. | besides dermatophytoses, a broad range of cutaneous infections due to yeasts and moulds may occur in subtropical and tropical countries where they can affect travellers. not to be forgotten are endemic occurring dimorphic or biphasic fungi in countries with hot climate, which cause systemic and secondary cutaneous infections in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent people. in the tropics, the prevalence of pityriasis versicolor, caused by the lipophilic yeast malassezia spp., is about 30-40 %, in ... | 2015 | 25924703 |
| multilocus sequence typing of candida africana from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis in new delhi, india. | we investigated the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis due to c. africana in an std clinic in india and analysed the genetic relatedness of these c. africana isolates with those outside india. a total of 283 germ-tube-positive yeasts were identified by vitek2. molecular characterisation of all isolates was carried out by hwp1-gene-specific pcr. of 283 germ-tube-positive yeast isolates, four were identified as c. africana using hwp1-gene-specific pcr. all hwp1 pcr positive c. africana were su ... | 2014 | 24697839 |
| whole rna-sequencing and transcriptome assembly of candida albicans and candida africana under chlamydospore-inducing conditions. | candida albicans is the most common cause of life-threatening fungal infections in humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals. crucial to its success as an opportunistic pathogen is the considerable dynamism of its genome, which readily undergoes genetic changes generating new phenotypes and shaping the evolution of new strains. candida africana is an intriguing c. albicans biovariant strain that exhibits remarkable genetic and phenotypic differences when compared with standard c. albic ... | 2017 | 28810711 |
| killing activity of micafungin against candida albicans, c. dubliniensis and candida africana in the presence of human serum. | we compared killing activity of micafungin in time-kill experiments in rpmi-1640 with and without 50% serum against candida albicans, candida dubliniensis and candida africana reference strains and clinical isolates. killing rates (k values) were determined for each strain and concentration. in rpmi-1640 mic ranges were 0.015-0.03, 0.015-0.03 and 0.015 mg/l against c. albicans, c. dubliniensis and c. africana, respectively. in 50% serum mic values for the three species increased 16- to 64-fold. ... | 2017 | 28699056 |
| whole genome-based amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals genetic diversity in candida africana. | this study aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of a panel of candida africana strains recovered from vaginal samples in different countries. all fungal strains were heterozygous at the mating-type-like locus and belonged to the genotype a of candida albicans. moreover, all examined c. africana strains lack n-acetylglucosamine assimilation and sequence analysis of the hxk1 gene showed a distinctive polymorphism that impair the utilization of this amino sugar in this yeast. multi-locus se ... | 2017 | 28421052 |
| prevalence of candida africana and candida dubliniensis, in vulvovaginal candidiasis: first turkish candida africana isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis. | candida africana and c. dubliniensis are closely related species of c. albicans. current phenotypic methods are not suitable to accurately distinguish all the species belonging to the c. albicans complex. several molecular-based methods have recently been designed for discriminating among closely related candida species. the aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of c. dubliniensis and c. africana in vulvovaginal samples with phenotypic and genotypic methods. | 2017 | 28641919 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of candida africana from jos, nigeria. | during a survey of the prevalence of candida spp. in jos, plateau state, nigeria, two atypical c. albicans isolates were recovered. these two yeasts were germ tube positive, chlamydospore-negative and gave a green color on chromagar candida. molecular analysis performed by amplification of the hwp1 gene showed that these two isolates belonged to c. africana, a newly proposed candida species closely related to c. albicans. based on the presence or absence of an intron in dna sequences encoding rr ... | 2012 | 22380533 |