| cleaner wrasse prefer client mucus: support for partner control mechanisms in cleaning interactions. | recent studies on cleaning behaviour suggest that there are conflicts between cleaners and their clients over what cleaners eat. the diet of cleaners usually contains ectoparasites and some client tissue. it is unclear, however, whether cleaners prefer client tissue over ectoparasites or whether they include client tissue in their diet only when searching for parasites alone is not profitable. to distinguish between these two hypotheses, we trained cleaner fish labroides dimidiatus to feed from ... | 2003 | 14667394 |
| facultative mimicry: cues for colour change and colour accuracy in a coral reef fish. | mimetic species evolve colours and body patterns to closely resemble poisonous species and thus avoid predation (batesian mimicry), or resemble beneficial or harmless species in order to approach and attack prey (aggressive mimicry). facultative mimicry, the ability to switch between mimic and non-mimic colours at will, is uncommon in the animal kingdom, but has been shown in a cephalopod, and recently in a marine fish, the bluestriped fangblenny plagiotremus rhinorhynchos, an aggressive mimic o ... | 2008 | 17986437 |
| male cleaner wrasses adjust punishment of female partners according to the stakes. | punishment is an important deterrent against cheating in cooperative interactions. in humans, the severity of cheating affects the strength of punishment which, in turn, affects the punished individual's future behaviour. here, we show such flexible adjustments for the first time in a non-human species, the cleaner wrasse (labroides dimidiatus), where males are known to punish female partners. we exposed pairs of cleaners to a model client offering two types of food, preferred 'prawn' items and ... | 2011 | 21676980 |
| relationship between roving behaviour and the diet and client composition of the cleaner fish labroides bicolor. | diet analyses and observations of cleaning behaviour of two cleaner fishes revealed that labroides bicolor fed more on client mucus, but labroides dimidiatus fed more on ectoparasites, and that l. bicolor interacted with fewer species (36 species) compared with l. dimidiatus (44 species). the client species which contributed most to the dissimilarity between cleaner species were the dusky farmerfish stegastes nigricans and bicolor chromis chromis margaritifer damselfishes, which l. dimidiatus in ... | 2012 | 22747814 |
| endemism and regional color and genetic differences in five putatively cosmopolitan reef fishes. | endemism is thought to be relatively rare in marine systems due to the lack of allopatric barriers and the potential for long-distance colonization via pelagic larval dispersal. although many species of coral reef fishes exhibit regionally restricted color variants that are suggestive of regional endemism, such variation is typically ascribed to intraspecific variation. we examined the genetic structure in 5 putatively monospecific fishes from the indo-west pacific (amphiprion melanopus, chrysip ... | 2008 | 18786099 |
| the arginine-vasotocin and serotonergic systems affect interspecific social behaviour of client fish in marine cleaning mutualism. | many species engage in mutualistic relationships with other species. the physiological mechanisms that affect the course of such social interactions are little understood. in the cleaning mutualism, cleaner fish labroides dimidiatus do not always act cooperatively by eating ectoparasites, but sometimes cheat by taking bites of mucus from so-called "client" reef fish. the physiological mechanisms in these interspecific interactions, however, are little studied. here, we focussed on three neuromod ... | 2017 | 28302574 |
| power and temptation cause shifts between exploitation and cooperation in a cleaner wrasse mutualism. | in many instances of cooperation, only one individual has both the potential and the incentive to 'cheat' and exploit its partner. under these asymmetric conditions, a simple model predicts that variation in the temptation to cheat and in the potential victim's capacity for partner control leads to shifts between exploitation and cooperation. here, we show that the threat of early termination of an interaction was sufficient to induce cleaner wrasse labroides dimidiatus to feed selectively again ... | 2013 | 23615288 |
| treatment with the glucocorticoid antagonist ru486 reduces cooperative cleaning visits of a common reef fish, the lined bristletooth. | cooperation often involves a conflict of interest. this is particularly true in situations where one individual seeks out a service but cannot properly control the quality of the service given by the partner who would gain from defecting. an example is cleaning mutualism involving the bluestreak cleaner wrasse (labroides dimidiatus) and its reef-fish 'clients'. these cleaners may reduce the stress experienced by their clients by removing parasites; however they occasionally cheat clients (i.e. d ... | 2012 | 22001873 |
| crime and punishment in a roaming cleanerfish. | cheating is common in cooperative interactions, but its occurrence can be controlled by various means ranging from rewarding cooperators to active punishment of cheaters. punishment occurs in the mutualism involving the cleanerfish labroides dimidiatus and its reef fish clients. when l. dimidiatus cheats, by taking scales and mucus rather than ectoparasites, wronged clients either chase or withhold further visits to the dishonest cleaner, which leads to more cooperative future interactions. puni ... | 2010 | 20573626 |
| pairs of cooperating cleaner fish provide better service quality than singletons. | service providers may vary service quality depending on whether they work alone or provide the service simultaneously with a partner. the latter case resembles a prisoner's dilemma, in which one provider may try to reap the benefits of the interaction without providing the service. here we present a game-theory model based on the marginal value theorem, which predicts that as long as the client determines the duration, and the providers cooperate towards mutual gain, service quality will increas ... | 2008 | 18923522 |
| image scoring and cooperation in a cleaner fish mutualism. | humans are highly social animals and often help unrelated individuals that may never reciprocate the altruist's favour. this apparent evolutionary puzzle may be explained by the altruist's gain in social image: image-scoring bystanders, also known as eavesdroppers, notice the altruistic act and therefore are more likely to help the altruist in the future. such complex indirect reciprocity based on altruistic acts may evolve only after simple indirect reciprocity has been established, which requi ... | 2006 | 16791194 |
| mutualistic cleaner fish initiate trait-mediated indirect interactions by influencing the behaviour of coral predators. | 1. indirect interactions resulting from changes in organismal traits such as behaviour [i.e. trait-mediated indirect interactions (tmiis)] are widespread in biological communities, yet few studies have explored the potential for mutualisms to initiate tmiis. 2. this study used a combination of behavioural observations and manipulative field experiments to investigate potential tmiis resulting from a mutualism between specialized cleaner fish and the 'clients' that visit cleaners for the removal ... | 2012 | 22256960 |
| brain levels of nonapeptides in four labrid fish species with different levels of mutualistic behavior. | there is strong evidence that brain nonapeptides are implicated as modulators of a wide array of social and reproductive behaviors in fishes. however, the question remains, as to whether there is a link between the distribution of active nonapeptides across brain regions and fishes specific behavioral phenotypes. to explore this link we compared the nonapeptides' profile across the brains of fishes representing different degrees of mutualistic behavior (here: cleaning behavior). herein we studie ... | 2015 | 26095225 |