| cloning and expression of a bacillus thuringiensis (l1-2) gene encoding a crystal protein active against glossina morsitans morsitans and chilo partellus. | a local isolate of bacillus thuringiensis,designated l1-2, that is toxic to chilo partellus was found to be toxic to the adult tsetse fly, glossina morsitans morsitans. the delta-endotoxin crystals derived from the isolate gave a major protein band with a molecular weight of mr 130,000-140,000 on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the sequence of the cloned gene was found to be similar to that of the b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 cryia(c) gene, having one amino acid differen ... | 1997 | 9003589 |
| a model for peak and width of signaling windows: ips duplicatus and chilo partellus pheromone component proportions--does response have a wider window than production? | pheromone communication systems have a reliable signal with a restricted window of amounts and ratios released and perceived. we propose a model based on a gaussian response profile that allows a quantification of the response peak (location of optimum) and a measure of the peak width (response window). interpreting the gaussian curve, fitted by nonlinear regression (nlr), as a standard normal distribution, the peak location equals the mean (it) and the window width equals 2 x the standard devia ... | 2001 | 11504040 |
| biology and management of economically important lepidopteran cereal stem borers in africa. | cereals (maize, sorghum, millet, rice) are extremely important crops grown in africa for human consumption. of the various insect pests attacking cereal crops in africa, lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious. all 21 economically important stem borers of cultivated grasses in africa are indigenous except chilo partellus, which invaded the continent from india, and c. sacchariphagus, which has recently been found in sugarcane in mozambique. c. partellus is competitively displacing ... | 2002 | 11729089 |
| effect of exposure method to beauveria bassiana and conidia concentration on mortality, mycosis, and sporulation in cadavers of chilo partellus (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the effects of exposure methods, conidial concentrations, and temperature on mortality, mycosis and sporulation in second instar chilo partellus cadavers infected by beauveria bassiana was investigated in laboratory studies. larvae directly sprayed with conidia, exposed to conidia-treated leaves, and dipped into conidial suspension resulted in high mortality (98-100%). the longest lt50 (3.5 days) and days to mortality (2.6 days) were observed in the treated-leaves exposure method. the shortest l ... | 2003 | 14615217 |
| food consumption by chilo partellus (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae infected with beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae and effects of feeding natural versus artificial diets on mortality and mycosis. | second and third instar chilo partellus larvae were infected with beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae (both at 1x10(8)conidia/ml) and daily consumption of maize leaves was measured. infection by the fungi was associated with reduced mean daily food consumption. reduction in food consumption became evident 3-4 days after treatment with the fungi for second instar larvae and 4-5 days for third instar larvae. four conidial concentrations, 1x10(5), 1x10(6), 1x10(7), and 1x10(8)conidia/ml, ... | 2003 | 14726244 |
| transgenic insect-resistant corn affects the fourth trophic level: effects of bacillus thuringiensis-corn on the facultative hyperparasitoid tetrastichus howardi. | as hyperparasitoids may have a considerable influence on the control of herbivorous arthropods, analyzing the host-mediated impact of bacillus thuringiensis-plants ("bt-plants") on hyperparasitoids is of interest. laboratory-scale experiments were conducted in order to assess the potential effect of bt-corn leaf material on the facultative hyperparasitoid tetrastichus howardi (olliff) (hymenoptera: eulophidae), mediated through the herbivore chilo partellus swinhoe (lepidoptera: crambidae) and i ... | 2004 | 15338032 |
| tolerance of bt corn (mon 810) to maize stem borer, chilo partellus (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | transgenic corn (mon 810), expressing the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protein, cry1ab, was evaluated under greenhouse conditions for its tolerance to the maize stem borer, chilo partellus. bt corn (mon 810) provided effective protection against the stem borer even under a high level of larval infestation in the greenhouse. the observed tolerance is examined and discussed in the light of the susceptibility of c. partellus to the cry1ab protein in laboratory bioassays. the implications of the tiss ... | 2005 | 15875192 |
| development of transgenic sorghum for insect resistance against the spotted stem borer (chilo partellus). | transgenic sorghum plants expressing a synthetic cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) under the control of a wound-inducible promoter from the maize protease inhibitor gene (mpic1) were produced via particle bombardment of shoot apices. plants were regenerated from the transformed shoot apices via direct somatic embryogenesis with an intermittent three-step selection strategy using the herbicide basta. molecular characterisation based on polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analys ... | 2005 | 16172896 |
| identification of insect-selective and mammal-selective toxins from parabuthus leiosoma venom. | venoms were collected from two scorpion species: parabuthus leiosoma and parabuthus pallidus from kenya. subcutaneous injection and oral toxicity tests of crude and pure fractions of scorpion venoms were done in mus musculus (mice), chilo partellus and busseola fusca. the highest activity against c. partellus was found in p. leiosoma venom (lc(50) 0.689 mg/50mg body weight). bioassay-guided purification by a combination of cation-exchange (ce) and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatogr ... | 2007 | 17618664 |
| evaluation on potential of wild hosts as trap plants for managing gramineous stemborers in maize based-agroecosystem. | as part of habitat management system to control cereal stemborers, various wild hosts used as trap plants were studied during the dry season from november 2003 to march 2004 at melkassa, central ethiopia. five wild hosts of the family poaceae [pennisetum purpurum (schumach), sorghum vulgare variety sudanense (pers.), panicum coloratum l., sorghum arundinaceum stapf, and hyperrhania rufa (nees)] were evaluated as trap plants in maize, zea mays l.,-based agroecosystem. the results of the study sho ... | 2008 | 18330115 |
| establishment of cotesia flavipes (hymenoptera: braconidae) in sugarcane fields of ethiopia and origin of founding population. | cotesia flavipes (cameron) (hymenoptera: braconidae) is used as a classical biological control agent against chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae), a serious exotic pest of cereal crops in eastern and southern africa. this parasitoid has been introduced into several african countries for the control of c. partellus in maize, zea mays l., and sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.), but it has never been released in ethiopia. it is hypothesized that it spread into ethiopia from populations rel ... | 2008 | 18613566 |
| effects of bt maize on agrotis segetum (lepidoptera: noctuidae): a pest of maize seedlings. | the lepidopteran stemborers busseola fusca (fuller) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), sesamia calamistis (hampson) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae) are effectively controlled by bt maize that expresses the cry1ab insecticidal protein. another noctuid species, the cutworm agrotis segetum (denis and schiffermüller) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), which is the most common and injurious pest of maize seedlings in south africa, is exposed to bt toxin for a part of it ... | 2010 | 20388305 |
| synergistic activity between bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab and cry1ac toxins against maize stem borer (chilo partellus swinhoe). | to select a toxin combination for the management of maize stem borer (chilo partellus) and to understand possible mechanism of synergism among bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins tested. | 2010 | 20536706 |
| baseline sensitivity of lepidopteran corn pests in india to cry1ab insecticidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis. | genetically engineered corn (bt corn) expressing bacillus thuringiensis berliner insecticidal protein cry1ab is a biotechnological option being considered for management of lepidopteran corn pests in india. as a resistance management practice it was essential to determine the sensitivity of multiple populations of the stalk borer chilo partellus (swinhoe), pink borer sesamia inferens (walker) and the cob borer helicoverpa armigera (hübner) to cry1ab protein through bioassays. the insect populati ... | 2010 | 20602522 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins with brush border membrane vesicles of maize stem borer (chilo partellus swinhoe). | maize stem borer (chilo partellus) is a major insect pest of maize and sorghum in asia and africa. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) δ-endotoxins have been found effective against c. partellus, both in diet-overlay assay and in transgenic plants. gene stacking as one of the resistance management strategies in bt maize requires an understanding of receptor sharing and binding affinity of δ-endotoxins. in the present study, binding affinity of three fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled cry1a toxins showed ... | 2011 | 20831871 |
| baseline sensitivity of maize borers in india to the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins cry1a.105 and cry2ab2. | among the major pests of maize in india are two stem borers, chilo partellus (swinhoe) and sesamia inferens (walker), and an earworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner). as a pest control strategy, transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize hybrids are undergoing regulatory trials in india. we have determined the sensitivity of the target lepidopterans to the insecticidal bt proteins expressed in bt maize, as this determines product efficacy and the resistance management strategy to be adopted. mai ... | 2015 | 25143318 |
| endophytic ability of different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin in stem and leaf tissues of maize (zea mays l.). | the present study was conducted to examine the ability of six promising indigenous isolates of beauveria bassiana (nbaii-bb-5a, 7, 14, 19, 23 and 45) as an endophyte in maize stem and leaf tissues. maize seedlings (var. nithyashree) were inoculated with conidial suspensions and were examined for endophytic establishment in leaf and stems at different intervals during 15-90 days after treatment. all six isolates showed colonization in stem and leaf tissues with varying abilities of colonization a ... | 2016 | 27570303 |
| photoremovable protecting groups as controlled-release device for sex pheromone. | photoremovable protecting groups (prpgs) were demonstrated as a delivery device for controlled release of pheromone under both uv light (≥350 nm) and direct sunlight irradiation. in the present work, (z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (sex pheromone of chilo infuscatellus snellen) was chemically caged by four different photoremovable protecting groups (7-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylcoumarin, 1-pyrenemethanol, 9-anthracenemethanol and 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone) individually. photophysical studies showed that ... | 2013 | 23108352 |
| comparative assessment of the thermal tolerance of spotted stemborer, chilo partellus (lepidoptera: crambidae) and its larval parasitoid, cotesia sesamiae (hymenoptera: braconidae). | under stressful thermal environments, insects adjust their behaviour and physiology to maintain key life-history activities and improve survival. for interacting species, mutual or antagonistic, thermal stress may affect the partcipants in differing ways, which may then affect the outcome of the ecological relationship. in agroecosystems, this may be the fate of relationships between insect pests and their antagonistic parasitoids under acute and chronic thermal variability. against this backgro ... | 2017 | 28374539 |
| the potential global distribution of chilo partellus, including consideration of irrigation and cropping patterns. | chilo partellus is a major crop pest in asia and africa, and has recently spread to the mediterranean region. knowledge of its potential distribution can inform biosecurity policies aimed at limiting its further spread and efforts to reduce its impact in areas that are already invaded. three models of the potential distribution of this insect have been published, each with significant shortcomings. we re-parameterized an existing climex model to address some parameter inconsistencies and to impr ... | 2017 | 28275325 |
| insect resistance management in bt maize: wild host plants of stem borers do not serve as refuges in africa. | resistance evolution by target pests threatens the sustainability of bt maize in africa where insect resistance management (irm) strategies are faced by unique challenges. the assumptions, on which current irm strategies for stem borers are based, are not all valid for african maize stem borer species. the high dose-refuge strategy which is used to delay resistance evolution relies heavily on the presence of appropriate refuges (non-bt plants) where pests are not under selection pressure and whe ... | 2017 | 28007833 |
| effects of thermo-photoperiod on induction and termination of hibernation in chilo partellus (swinhoe). | determination of critical threshold for induction and termination of diapause (hibernation) are important for better understanding the bio-ecology and population dynamics of chilo partellus (swinhoe) under varying climatic conditions. we studied initiation and termination of hibernation under five temperature and photoperiod regimes viz., 27°c + 12l:12d, 22°c + 11.5l:12.5d, 18°c + 11l:13d, 14°c + 10.5l:13.5d and 10°c + 10l:14d under fixed and ramping treatments, and the observations were recorde ... | 2016 | 27829469 |
| resistance of bt-maize (mon810) against the stem borers busseola fusca (fuller) and chilo partellus (swinhoe) and its yield performance in kenya. | a study was conducted to assess the performance of maize hybrids with bt event mon810 (bt-hybrids) against the maize stem borer busseola fusca (fuller) in a biosafety greenhouse (bgh) and against the spotted stem borer chilo partellus (swinhoe) under confined field trials (cft) in kenya for three seasons during 2013-2014. the study comprised 14 non-commercialized hybrids (seven pairs of near-isogenic bt and non-bt hybrids) and four non-bt commercial hybrids. each plant was artificially infested ... | 2016 | 27812235 |
| an indirect defence trait mediated through egg-induced maize volatiles from neighbouring plants. | attack of plants by herbivorous arthropods may result in considerable changes to the plant's chemical phenotype with respect to emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs). these hipvs have been shown to act as repellents to the attacking insects as well as attractants for the insects antagonistic to these herbivores. plants can also respond to hipv signals from other plants that warn them of impending attack. recent investigations have shown that certain maize varieties are able to em ... | 2016 | 27392034 |
| influence of temperature on intra- and interspecific resource utilization within a community of lepidopteran maize stemborers. | competition or facilitation characterises intra- and interspecific interactions within communities of species that utilize the same resources. temperature is an important factor influencing those interactions and eventual outcomes. the noctuid stemborers, busseola fusca and sesamia calamistis and the crambid chilo partellus attack maize in sub-saharan africa. they often occur as a community of interacting species in the same field and plant at all elevations. the influence of temperature on the ... | 2016 | 26859748 |
| developmental and hormone-induced changes of mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme activities during the last instar larval development of maize stem borer, chilo partellus (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the energy demand for structural remodelling in holometabolous insects is met by cellular mitochondria. developmental and hormone-induced changes in the mitochondrial respiratory activity during insect metamorphosis are not well documented. the present study investigates activities of enzymes of mitochondrial electron transport chain (etc) namely, nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex i, succinate: ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex ii, ubiquinol:ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase or complex ... | 2016 | 26709029 |
| abundance and spatial dispersion of rice stem borer species in kahama, tanzania. | species diversity, abundance, and dispersion of rice stem borers in framer's fields were studied in four major rice growing areas of kahama district. stem borer larvae were extracted from the damaged tillers in 16 quadrants established in each field. adult moths were trapped by light traps and collected in vials for identification. results indicated the presence of chilo partellus, maliarpha separatella, and sesamia calamistis in all study areas. the most abundant species was c. partellus (48.6% ... | 2015 | 26411785 |
| predicting the impact of temperature change on the future distribution of maize stem borers and their natural enemies along east african mountain gradients using phenology models. | lepidopteran stem borers are among the most important pests of maize in east africa. the objective of the present study was to predict the impact of temperature change on the distribution and abundance of the crambid chilo partellus, the noctuid busseola fusca, and their larval parasitoids cotesia flavipes and cotesia sesamiae at local scale along kilimanjaro and taita hills gradients in tanzania and kenya, respectively. temperature-dependent phenology models of pests and parasitoids were used i ... | 2015 | 26075605 |
| responses of parasitoids to volatiles induced by chilo partellus oviposition on teosinte, a wild ancestor of maize. | maize, a genetically diverse crop, is the domesticated descendent of its wild ancestor, teosinte. recently, we have shown that certain maize landraces possess a valuable indirect defense trait not present in commercial hybrids. plants of these landraces release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) that attract both egg [trichogramma bournieri pintureau & babault (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae)] and larval [cotesia sesamiae cameron (hymenoptera: braconidae)] parasitoids in response to stemb ... | 2015 | 25943860 |
| effect of temperature on the phenology of chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera, crambidae); simulation and visualization of the potential future distribution of c. partellus in africa under warmer temperatures through the development of life-table parameters. | maize (zea mays) is a major staple food in africa. however, maize production is severely reduced by damage caused by feeding lepidopteran pests. in east and southern africa, chilo partellus is one of the most damaging cereal stem borers mainly found in the warmer lowland areas. in this study, it was hypothesized that the future distribution and abundance of c. partellus may be affected greatly by the current global warming. the temperature-dependent population growth potential of c. partellus wa ... | 2014 | 25229840 |
| a common hplc-pda method for amino acid analysis in insects and plants. | a common method for analysis of 17 amino acids from various insect species and plant parts was standardized using hplc-pda. prior to hydrolysis, lyophilization of test samples was found indispensible to remove excess moisture, which interferes in hydrolysis and separation of amino acids. after the hydrolysis of plant and insect samples, 500 and 100 microl of boiling hcl, respectively for reconstitution, and 20 microl of hydrolyzed samples used for derivatization, provided best results. gradient ... | 2014 | 24617018 |
| exploiting chemical ecology for livelihood improvement of small holder farmers in kenya. | "push-pull" is an inexpensive and eminently practical strategy designed for developing countries in order to exploit sound principles of chemical ecology for agricultural pest management. this strategy is specifically suitable for small holder farmers. their experience can easily be integrated into existing farming practices in their immediate environment. "push-pull" within one and a half decades became widely established and meanwhile is greatly beneficial to practitioners in east africa, main ... | 2014 | 26084106 |
| oviposition induced volatile emissions from african smallholder farmers' maize varieties. | maize (corn), zea mays, is a genetically diverse crop, and we have recently shown that certain open pollinated varieties (opvs) of latin american origin possess a trait not present in mainstream commercial varieties: they produce volatiles in response to stemborer oviposition that are attractive to stemborer parasitoids. here, we tested whether a similar tritrophic effect occurs in the african opvs 'nyamula' and 'jowi'. herbivore induced plant volatiles (hipvs) were collected from plants exposed ... | 2012 | 22367424 |
| maize landraces recruit egg and larval parasitoids in response to egg deposition by a herbivore. | natural enemies respond to herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs), but an often overlooked aspect is that there may be genotypic variation in these 'indirect' plant defence traits within plant species. we found that egg deposition by stemborer moths (chilo partellus) on maize landrace varieties caused emission of hipvs that attract parasitic wasps. notably, however, the oviposition-induced release of parasitoid attractants was completely absent in commercial hybrid maize varieties. in the lan ... | 2011 | 21831133 |
| effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development and fecundity of chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the spotted stemborer, chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is one of the most important insect pests attacking maize and sorghum in ethiopia. recent studies have indicated that the pest is spreading to new locations where it was not reported before. in the current study, laboratory investigations were carried out to determine the combined effect of different levels of relative humidity and temperature regimes on the development and fecundity of c. partellus, as these physical fac ... | 2012 | 21672294 |
| is quality more important than quantity? insect behavioural responses to changes in a volatile blend after stemborer oviposition on an african grass. | plants subjected to insect attack usually increase volatile emission which attracts natural enemies and repels further herbivore colonization. less is known about the capacity of herbivores to suppress volatiles and the multitrophic consequences thereof. in our study, the african forage grass, brachiaria brizantha, was exposed to ovipositing spotted stemborer, chilo partellus, moths. a marked reduction in emission of the main volatile, (z)-3-hexenyl acetate (z3ha), occurred following oviposition ... | 2010 | 20031982 |
| assessment of napier millet (pennisetum purpureumx p. glaucum) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) trap crops for the management of chilo partellus on maize. | two napier millet (pennisetum purpureumxp. glaucum) hybrids, namely pbn 83 and pbn 233 and one sorghum (sorghum bicolor) variety, sl 44, were assessed for their potential role as a trap crop in the management of the stem borer, chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae) on maize. oviposition preference and larval survival and development were determined for different test plants under laboratory and screen house conditions. further, field dispersal of c. partellus larvae was assessed bet ... | 2009 | 18947446 |
| effect of learning on the oviposition preference of field-collected and laboratory-reared chilo partellus (lepidoptera: crambidae) populations. | recent studies show that vetiver grass, (vetiveria zizanioides (l.) nash), may have potential as a dead-end trap crop in an overall habitat management strategy for the spotted stem borer, chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae). vetiver grass is highly preferred for oviposition, in spite of the fact that larval survival is extremely low on this grass. the oviposition behaviour of female chilo partellus moths was investigated by determining the amount and size of egg batches allocated ... | 2007 | 17645823 |
| identification and analysis of host plant resistance in leading maize genotypes against spotted stem borer, chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | twenty six popular varieties of maize in karnataka state (india) were screened for resistance to chilo partellus (swinhoe). in field trial, varieties cm132, cm137 and pmz103 showed the highest level of resistance, respectively. while the varieties gk3014, hy4642 and dk984 had the lowest level of resistance, respectively. in glasshouse trial, the varieties cm137 and hy4642 had the highest and lowest level of resistance. a positive correlation equal to +0.111 (in field) and +0.521 (in glasshouse) ... | 2007 | 19086556 |
| comparative studies of the influence of relative humidity and temperature on the longevity and fecundity of the parasitoid, cotesia flavipes. | the parasitoid, cotesia flavipes (cameron) (hymenoptera: braconidae), was introduced for biological control of the stemborer, chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae), in eastern and southern african countries. the parasitoid became firmly established in ethiopia, with varying density and distribution in various regions of the country indicating that there are factors regulating the success of the parasitoid. from previous studies, it was known that the population of the parasitoid rel ... | 2007 | 20307235 |
| electrophysiological responses of the lepidopterous stemborers chilo partellus and busseola fusca to volatiles from wild and cultivated host plants. | the stemborers chilo partellus and busseola fusca are major pests of subsistence cereal farming in africa. volatiles released by two cultivated hosts, sorghum and maize (sorghum bicolor and zea mays), and two wild grass hosts, pennisetum purpureum and hyparrhenia tamba, were collected by air entrainment. electrophysiologically active components in these samples were detected by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (gc-eag), and the active peaks identified by gas chromatography-mass sp ... | 2006 | 17080306 |
| diel periodicity in the production of green leaf volatiles by wild and cultivated host plants of stemborer moths, chilo partellus and busseola fusca. | the volatile chemicals produced by four poaceous plant species, blue thatching grass, hyparrhenia tamba, napier grass, pennisetum purpureum, sorghum, sorghum bicolor, and maize, zea mays, which are host plants for the lepidopterous stemborers, chilo partellus and busseola fusca, were collected by air entrainment and analyzed by gas chromatography. the total quantities of volatiles collected hourly, over a 9-hr period, from p. purpureum and h. tamba showed an approximately hundredfold increase in ... | 2006 | 16572298 |
| the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application to maize and sorghum on the bionomics of chilo partellus (lepidoptera: crambidae) and the performance of its larval parasitoid cotesia flavipes (hymenoptera: braconidae). | laboratory and field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of plant species (maize, sorghum), plant age (young, middle, old) and four different nitrogen fertilization levels (n0-n3) on the bionomics of the invasive crambid chilo partellus and the performance of its braconid larval parasitoid cotesia flavipes. plant n varied significantly between n0 and n1-n3, but the differences among the latter were not significant. intrinsic rates of increase and net-reproductive rates of c. partellus f ... | 2005 | 16336699 |
| influence of maize/lablab intercropping on lepidopterous stem borer infestation in maize. | lepidopterous stem borers seriously affect production of maize, zea mays l., in sub-saharan africa. intercropping maize with legumes such as lablab, lablab purpurens (l.), is one of the effective systems to control stem borers. sole culture maize and maize/lablab intercrop system of different lablab densities were planted at two locations to investigate the effects of intercrop system on incidence and severity of stem borers with particular reference to chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: py ... | 2005 | 15889728 |
| ovipositional responses of chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to natural products from leaves of two maize (zea mays l.) cultivars. | ovipositional responses of chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to hexane extracts of leaves of two maize (zea mays l.) cultivars, one resistant (kisan) and one susceptible (basilocal), were studied in two-choice bioassays. gravid females laid a significantly higher percentage of eggs on substrates smeared with extract of basilocal leaves (hebl) (69%) than on those smeared with extracts of kisan leaves (hekl) (31%). several chemicals were isolated from hekl, three of which were cha ... | 2003 | 12822938 |
| evidence of the establishment of cotesia flavipes (hymenoptera: braconidae), a parasitoid of cereal stemborers, and its host range expansion in ethiopia. | three lepidopteran cereal stemborers, chilo partellus (swinhoe) (crambidae), busseola fusca fuller, and sesamia calamistis hampson (noctuidae) were collected from maize and sorghum in ethiopia. the noctuid stemborers are indigenous to africa while c. partellus is an introduced species from asia. in 1999, the asian stemborer parasitoid, cotesia flavipes cameron (braconidae) was found to be widespread in ethiopia, even though it had never been released in the country. in addition to attacking chil ... | 2003 | 12699533 |
| volatile infochemicals used in host and host habitat location bycotesia flavipes cameron andcotesia sesamiae (cameron) (hymenoptera: braconidae), larval parasitoids of stemborers on graminae. | femalecotesia flavipes cameron andcotesia sesamiae (cameron) were attracted to odors in a y-tube olfactometer from uninfested maize (zea mays l.), sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.)], and napier grass (pennisetum purpureum schumach). in dual choice tests,cotesia flavipes showed a preference for maize over sorghum, while maize and napier grass were equally attractive. in contrast,cotesia sesamiae preferred volatiles from sorghum and napier grass over those from maize. the two parasitoids were signific ... | 1996 | 24227412 |
| proximity of release points of pheromone components as a factor confusing males of the spotted stem borer,chilo partellus, approaching the trap. | the effect of proximity of the release points of the two pheromone components (z)-11-hexadecenal and (z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol of the spotted stem borer,chilo partellus (lepidoptera: pyralidae) on behavior of the males and on trapping efficiency was investigated. separating the dispensers of the two components in the trap by a mere 3 cm resulted in a threefold decrease in trap performance, compared to very close release of the components. the result is attributed to possible distortion of the pherom ... | 1994 | 24242729 |
| effect of olfactory and visual stimuli on the orientation of the 4th instar larvae of the stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the orientational responses of 4th instar larvae of chilo partellus to different sources of stimuli being artificial diet, leaves and stems of maize and sorghum were tested, under free choice and no-choice situations. larvae were attracted to maize and sorghum in a moderate to high degree dependent on what choice they were given. the orientational preference of the larvae, offered a choice between the visual and the odour sources, depended upon their stimulating capacities which were represented ... | 1991 | 1841489 |
| some aspects of feeding responses in the stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | feeding responses of chilo partellus larvae to different food sources, were studied. maize and sorghum were more preferred to artificial diet by the larvae irrespective of their rearing media. larvae fed on maize and sorghum leaves as well as maize and sorghum stems. the rearing medium did not have any effect on the feeding preference; it could only improve but not induce the feeding behaviour. | 1991 | 1841488 |
| occupational asthma in a research centre breeding locusts. | the prevalence of work-related asthma, rhinitis and urticaria was measured in a scientific establishment working with locusts. twenty-six percent of those handling the locust in the research centre had work-related wheeze or breathlessness, and one-third had work-related rhinitis and urticaria. work-related symptoms were uncommon in scientists exposed to locusts in the field, and in other employees at the centre. antigens were prepared from the locusts, schistocerca gregaria and locusta migrator ... | 1980 | 7449072 |
| embryonic development and induced dominant lethality in f eggs of chilo partellus swinhoe. | | 1976 | 948555 |