| correlation between the spermicidal activity and the haemolytic index of certain plant saponins. | the haemolytic index, the spermicidal efficacy and the effect on the vaginal mucosa of some plant saponins were determined. it was proved that a certain correlation exists between the haemolytic index and the spermicidal efficacy of these saponins. saponin of gypsophila paniculata was proved to be relatively superior when used in aqueous solution or when formulated in polyethylene glycol ointment base. | 1979 | 542490 |
| in vitro determination of the spermicidal activity of plant saponins. | the plant kingdom might yield an effective antifertility drug. a mentha arvensis l. (labiatae) fraction with uterotonic activity was isolated, and was found to be active on the nonpregnant as well as the pregnant rat uterus. according to folklore medicine, the mexican plant montanoa tomentosa cerv. (zoapatle) possesses antifertility activity in women. the effect of various isolated preparations from this plant on early pregnancy were investigated in serveral rodent species including the mouse ... | 1985 | 4080814 |
| differential involvement of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathways in pathogenicity and epiphytic fitness of erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae. | erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae (ehg), which induces galls on gypsophila paniculata, harbors two major pathways for indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) synthesis, the indole-3-acetamide (iam) and indole-3-pyruvate (ipya) routes, as well as cytokinin biosynthetic genes. mutants were generated in which the various biosynthetic routes were disrupted separately or jointly in order to assess the contribution of iaa of various origins and cytokinins to pathogenicity and epiphytic fitness. inactivation of the ... | 1998 | 9650296 |
| effects of gypsophila saponins on bacterial growth kinetics and on selection of subterranean clover rhizosphere bacteria. | plant secondary metabolites, such as saponins, have a considerable impact in agriculture because of their allelopathic effects. they also affect the growth of soil microorganisms, especially fungi. we investigated the influence of saponins on rhizosphere bacteria in vitro and in soil conditions. the effects of gypsophila saponins on the growth kinetics of rhizosphere bacteria were studied by monitoring the absorbance of the cultures in microtiter plates. gypsophila saponins (1%) increased the la ... | 2003 | 14569290 |
| evaluation of various species demarcation criteria in attempts to classify ten new tombusvirus isolates. | the usefulness of various suggested species demarcation criteria was compared in attempts to determine the taxonomic status of ten new tombusvirus isolates. five of them (lim 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) were obtained from different sources of commercially grown statice (limonium sinuatum), two (gyp 1 and 2) from different sources of commercially grown gypsophila paniculata and three from water samples, i.e. from a small river (schunter) in northern germany, from a brook (near dossenheim) in southern germa ... | 2004 | 15593416 |
| exposure of tilapia pituitary cells to saponins: insight into their mechanism of action. | cell permeation and durable effects of triterpenoidal saponin preparations from soybean (sbs), quillaja saponaria molina (qss) and gypsophila paniculata (gyps), were studied. a concentration-dependent change in hemolysis rates was observed when cells were incubated with qss or gyps, but not with sbs. dose dependence was also observed for the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh; mw 142,000) and of luteinizing hormone (lh; mw 35,000) from tilapia pituitary dispersed cells. exposure of pituitary ... | 2005 | 15792626 |
| comparative anatomy of gall development on gypsophila paniculata induced by bacteria with different mechanisms of pathogenicity. | galls induced on gypsophila paniculata by pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (pag) and agrobacterium tumefaciens (at), bacteria with different mechanisms of pathogenicity, were compared morphologically and anatomically. the pathogenicity of pag is dependent on the presence of an indigenous plasmid that harbors hrp gene cluster, genes encoding hop virulence proteins and biosynthetic genes for auxin (iaa) and cytokinins (cks), whereas that of at involves host transformation. the pag-induced gall ... | 2006 | 16477460 |
| the saponin-mediated enhanced uptake of targeted saporin-based drugs is strongly dependent on the saponin structure. | saponins are a group of plant glycosides consisting of a steroid or triterpenoid aglycone to which one or more sugar chains are attached. they exhibit cell membrane-permeabilizing properties and, thus, have been investigated for their therapeutic potential. recently, at a non-permeabilizing concentration saponinum album from gypsophila paniculata l. has been described to enhance the cytotoxicity of a chimeric toxin in a cell culture model. to elucidate whether this enhancing effect is also media ... | 2006 | 16565437 |
| chimeric toxins inhibit growth of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. | treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) is currently based on surgery and radiotherapy. prolongation of the survival time of patients with progressing tumors is infrequently achieved. to improve the therapeutic options, targeted therapies are a favorable alternative. therefore, we analyzed the effect of a chimeric toxin (ct) named se consisting of the epidermal growth factor and the plant protein toxin saporin from saponaria officinalis. a second construct (sa2e) additionally contains a ... | 2008 | 18059188 |
| a simple method for isolation of gypsophila saponins for the combined application of targeted toxins and saponins in tumor therapy. | saponinum album (sap) is a complex mixture of triterpene saponins from gypsophila paniculata l. although most of the saponins from sap are characterized, the separation of pure saponins remains time consuming and costly, involving different chromatographic techniques. recently it was shown that sap drastically enhanced the cytotoxicity of a chimeric toxin consisting of the n-glycosidase saporin and human epidermal growth factor (sap-egf) in cell culture experiments. in view of a potential therap ... | 2009 | 19452437 |
| enhancement of saporin cytotoxicity by gypsophila saponins--more than stimulation of endocytosis. | saporin is a type i ribosome-inactivating protein with n-glycosidase activity. it removes adenine residues from the 28s ribosomal rna resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. recently we have shown that saporin exerts no cytotoxicity on seven human cell lines. however, the combination of saporin with a special mixture of gypsophila saponins (soapwort saponins) from gypsophila paniculata l. (baby's breath) rendered saporin to a potent cytotoxin comparable to viscumin, a highly toxic type ii ... | 2009 | 19615984 |
| the distribution of saponins in vivo affects their synergy with chimeric toxins against tumours expressing human epidermal growth factor receptors in mice. | certain saponins synergize with antitumour drugs to enhance their efficacy, but the mechanisms underlying this synergy in vivo are not well studied. here, we describe the distribution of saponinum album (spn) from gypsophila paniculata l. in mice after subcutaneous injection. | 2010 | 20015087 |
| epidermal growth factor receptor expression affects the efficacy of the combined application of saponin and a targeted toxin on human cervical carcinoma cells. | cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) is a very promising approach since it is overexpressed in about 90% of cervical tumors. here, we quantified the toxic effect of se, a targeted toxin consisting of epidermal growth factor (egf) as targeting moiety and the plant toxin saporin-3, on 3 common human cervical carcinoma cell lines (hela, caski and siha) and recently established lines (phcc1 and phcc2) from 2 differ ... | 2010 | 20020492 |
| pantoea agglomerans pvs. gypsophilae and betae, recently evolved pathogens? | summary pantoea agglomerans pvs. gypsophilae and betae taxonomy: bacteria; proteobacteria; gamma subdivision; order enterobacteriales; family enterobacteriaceae; species pantoea agglomerans. microbiological properties: gram-negative, non-capsulated, non-spore-forming, predominately motile rode. disease symptoms: gall formation at wound sites, mainly in the crown region of the stem. the host range of p. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae is restricted to gypsophila paniculata, whereas p. agglomerans pv. ... | 2003 | 20569391 |
| The endocytic uptake pathways of targeted toxins are influenced by synergistically acting gypsophila saponins. | The expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is upregulated in many human tumors. We developed the targeted toxin SE, consisting of the plant toxin saporin-3 and human EGF. The cytotoxic effect of SE drastically increases in a synergistic manner by a combined treatment with Saponinum album (Spn), a saponin composite from Gypsophila paniculata L. Here we analyzed which endocytic pathways are involved in the uptake of SE and which are mandatory for the Spn-mediated enhancement. We ... | 2011 | 21981719 |
| The Type III Effector HsvG of the Gall-Forming Pantoea agglomerans Mediates Expression of the Host Gene HSVGT. | The type III effector HsvG of the gall-forming Pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (Pag) is a DNA-binding protein that is imported to the host nucleus and involved in host specificity. The DNA-binding region of HsvG was delineated to 266 amino acids located within a secondary structure region near the N-terminus of the protein, but did not display any homology to canonical DNA-binding motifs. A binding site selection procedure was used to isolate a target gene of HsvG, named HSVGT, in Gypsophila ... | 2011 | 21995766 |
| polar auxin transport is essential for gall formation by pantoea agglomerans on gypsophila. | the virulence of the bacterium pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (pag) on gypsophila paniculata depends on a type iii secretion system (t3ss) and its effectors. the hypothesis that plant-derived indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) plays a major role in gall formation was examined by disrupting basipetal polar auxin transport with the specific inhibitors 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba) and n-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (npa). on inoculation with pag, galls developed in gypsophila stems above but not belo ... | 2013 | 23083316 |
| revealing the inventory of type iii effectors in pantoea agglomerans gall-forming pathovars using draft genome sequences and a machine-learning approach. | pantoea agglomerans, a widespread epiphytic bacterium, has evolved into a hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp)-dependent and host-specific gall-forming pathogen by the acquisition of a pathogenicity plasmid containing a type iii secretion system (t3ss) and its effectors (t3es). pantoea agglomerans pv. betae (pab) elicits galls on beet (beta vulgaris) and gypsophila (gypsophila paniculata), whereas p. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (pag) incites galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive re ... | 2016 | 28019708 |
| pantoea agglomerans: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. part iii. deleterious effects: infections of humans, animals and plants. | pantoea agglomerans, a bacterium associated with plants, is not an obligate infectious agent in humans. however, it could be a cause of opportunistic human infections, mostly by wound infection with plant material, or as a hospital-acquired infection, mostly in immunocompromised individuals. wound infection with p. agglomerans usually follow piercing or laceration of skin with a plant thorn, wooden splinter or other plant material and subsequent inoculation of the plant-residing bacteria, mostly ... | 2016 | 27294620 |
| phytotoxicity of biosolids and screening of selected plant species with potential for mercury phytoextraction. | mercury contaminated stockpiles of biosolids (3.5-8.4 mg kg(-1) hg) from melbourne water's western treatment plant (mw-wtp) were investigated to evaluate the possibility for their phytoremediation. nine plant species (atriplex codonocarpa, atriplex semibaccata, austrodanthonia caespitosa, brassica juncea, brassica napus, gypsophila paniculata, sorghum bicolor, themeda triandra and trifolium subterraneum) were screened for phytoextraction potential in hg-contaminated biosolids from mw-wtp. in add ... | 2010 | 19775810 |