| survival of exotic newcastle disease virus in commercial poultry environment following removal of infected chickens. | during the first weeks of 2003, after exotic newcastle disease (end) was confirmed in commercial layer flocks in southern california, it became apparent that the virus survival information in the literature varied widely and was difficult to extrapolate to current local conditions. the end task force used the information available in the literature and the recommendations of research scientists to establish protocols for safely handling manure from infected and depopulated premises. in an attemp ... | 2004 | 15529993 |
| use of sentinel chickens to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures in noncommercial poultry operations infected with exotic newcastle disease virus. | the use of sentinel chickens in establishing the negative status of commercial poultry flocks depopulated due to exotic newcastle disease (end) is considered to be an economically beneficial process. however, the costs and benefits of using sentinel chickens in noncommercial operations are in question. the objective of this study was to use sentinel chickens to evaluate whether adequate cleaning and disinfection coupled with an appropriate time period without susceptible poultry species on the p ... | 2006 | 16789722 |
| development and evaluation of a real-time taqman rt-pcr assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens. | it is important to rapidly differentiate infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from disease agents like highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and exotic newcastle disease virus, which can be extremely similar in the early stages of their pathogenesis. in this study, we report the development and testing of a real-time rt-pcr assay using a taqman-labeled probe for early and rapid detection of ibv. the assay amplifies a 143-bp product in the 5'-utr of the ibv genome and has a limit of detection and ... | 2006 | 16934878 |
| experimental pathogenesis for chickens, turkeys, and pigeons of exotic newcastle disease virus from an outbreak in california during 2002-2003. | exotic newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolated from chickens during the 2002-2003 california outbreak (ca exotic newcastle disease [end] virus) was inoculated into 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) white leghorn chickens, 3-week-old spf beltsville white turkeys, 6-week-old commercial broad breasted white turkeys, and 10- to 20-week-old racing pigeons, and the clinicopathologic features of disease were compared. birds were monitored clinically and euthanized sequentially with collection of t ... | 2006 | 17099149 |
| detection and isolation of exotic newcastle disease virus from field-collected flies. | flies were collected by sweep net from the vicinity of two small groups of "backyard" poultry (10-20 chickens per group) that had been identified as infected with exotic newcastle disease virus (family paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus, endv) in los angeles county, ca, during the 2002-2003 end outbreak. collected flies were subdivided into pools and homogenized in brain-heart infusion broth with antibiotics. the separated supernatant was tested for the presence of endv by inoculation into embryo ... | 2007 | 17915517 |
| determination of minimum hemagglutinin units in an inactivated newcastle disease virus vaccine for clinical protection of chickens from exotic newcastle disease virus challenge. | the potency of inactivated newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccines in the united states is currently determined using vaccination and challenge of experimental animals against a velogenic strain of ndv. because velogenic strains of ndv are now classified as select agents in the united states, all vaccine potency testing must be performed in live animals under biosafety level 3 agriculture conditions. if the minimum amount of inactivated viral antigen required for clinical protection can be determ ... | 2008 | 18646455 |
| persistence of exotic newcastle disease virus (endv) in laboratory infected musca domestica and fannia canicularis. | house flies (musca domestica) and little house flies (fannia canicularis) were examined for their ability to take up and harbor a velogenic strain of exotic newcastle disease virus (endv) (family paramyxoviridae, genus avulavirus). laboratory-reared flies were allowed to feed on evaporated milk containing endv at a virus concentration of 10(8.3) egg infectious dose (eid)50/0.1 ml or on poultry feces containing an endv titer of 10(5.8) eid50/0.1 g. flies exposed to either infectious food source f ... | 2008 | 18939622 |