| number of preoptic gnrh-immunoreactive cells correlates with sexual phase in a protandrously hermaphroditic fish, the dusky anemonefish (amphiprion melanopus). | the populations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-producing cells within the preoptic area (poa) and terminal nerve (tn) of the brain have been suggested as the neuronal systems mediating social control of sex and gonadogenesis in sequentially hermaphroditic teleosts. in the present study, the number and soma size of gnrh-immunoreactive (gnrh-ir) cells in the poa and tn were studied in male, female and juvenile individuals of the dusky anemonefish (amphiprion melanopus), a species which d ... | 1997 | 9373955 |
| expression of three gonadotropin subunits and gonadotropin receptor mrna during male-to-female sex change in the cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus. | to quantify the sex-change progression from male to female in the cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus, we divided gonadal development into three stages (i, mature male; ii, male at 90 days after removal of the female; and iii, mature female), and the expression of gth subunits and gth receptors during each of these stages was investigated. the mrna of the three gth subunits and their receptors increased with progression from male to female. to understand the effect of gonadotropin-releasing ... | 2010 | 20348005 |
| upregulation of estrogen receptor subtypes and vitellogenin mrna in cinnamon clownfish amphiprion melanopus during the sex change process: profiles on effects of 17beta-estradiol. | in the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of estrogen receptors (esr) and vitellogenin (vtg) mrna in the gonads and liver during sex change in cinnamon clownfish by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. we divided gonadal development during the sex change from male to female into 3 stages (mature male, male at 90days after removing female, and mature female) and investigated esr and vtg mrna expressions during the sex change. with female, the esr and vtg mrna expressio ... | 2010 | 20601066 |
| expression profiles of three types of gnrh during sex-change in the protandrous cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus: effects of exogenous gnrhs. | gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrhs) play pivotal roles in the control of reproduction and gonadal maturation in teleost fish. fish have multiple gnrh genes that encode structurally distinct peptides. we identified salmon gnrh (sgnrh), seabream gnrh (sbgnrh), and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii) by cdna cloning in cinnamon clownfish (amphiprion melanopus) using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends-pcr (race-pcr). gene identity was confirmed by sequence alignment a ... | 2012 | 22036613 |
| effect of cortisol on gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih) in the cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus. | hypothalamic peptides, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih), play pivotal roles in the control of reproduction and gonadal maturation in fish. in the present study we tested the possibility that stress-mediated reproductive dysfunction in teleost may involve changes in gnrh and gnih activity. we studied expression of brain gnih, gnih-r, seabream gnrh (sbgnrh), as well as circulating levels of follicle stimulating hormone (fsh), and luteinizing hormone ... | 2017 | 28216160 |
| effects of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone or gonadotropin-releasing hormone on reproduction-related genes in the protandrous cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus. | hypothalamic peptide neurohormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrhs) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) play pivotal roles in the control of reproduction and gonadal maturation in teleost fish. to study the effects of gnih on fish reproduction, we investigated the influence of seabream gnrh (sbgnrh) and gnih (both alone and in combination) on levels of reproductive genes (gnih, gnih-receptor [gnih-r], melatonin receptor [mt3], sbgnrh, and gonadotropic hormones [gths]) durin ... | 2016 | 27288637 |
| profiles of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and melatonin during the sex change and maturation of cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus. | the present study aimed to determine the relationship between melatonin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) and their effect on reproduction in cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus. accordingly, we investigated the expression pattern of gnih, gnih receptor (gnih-r), and melatonin receptor (mt-r1) mrna and protein, as well as the plasma levels of melatonin, during sex change in cinnamon clownfish. we found that gnih and mt-r1 mrna and melatonin activity were higher in fish with mature ... | 2016 | 27208779 |
| the role of marine reserves in the replenishment of a locally impacted population of anemonefish on the great barrier reef. | the development of parentage analysis to track the dispersal of juvenile offspring has given us unprecedented insight into the population dynamics of coral reef fishes. these tools now have the potential to inform fisheries management and species conservation, particularly for small fragmented populations under threat from exploitation and disturbance. in this study, we resolve patterns of larval dispersal for a population of the anemonefish amphiprion melanopus in the keppel islands (southern g ... | 2016 | 26589106 |
| temperature is the evil twin: effects of increased temperature and ocean acidification on reproduction in a reef fish. | reproduction in many organisms can be disrupted by changes to the physical environment, such as those predicted to occur during climate change. marine organisms face the dual climate change threats of increasing temperature and ocean acidification, yet no studies have examined the potential interactive effects of these stressors on reproduction in marine fishes. we used a long-term experiment to test the interactive effects of increased temperature and co2 on the reproductive performance of the ... | 2015 | 26214908 |
| kisspeptin regulates the somatic growth-related factors of the cinnamon clownfish amphiprion melanopus. | this study aimed to test the effects of kisspeptin (kiss) on somatic growth in the cinnamon clownfish amphiprion melanopus. we investigated the effects of kiss treatment on the growth by measuring the mrna expressions of the growth hormone (gh), insulin-like growth hormone factor (igf-i), somatolactin (sl), and melatonin receptor (mt). the expression levels of gh and sl of the pituitary gland and igf-i of the liver increased after kiss treatment (in vivo and in vitro). in addition, the mt mrna e ... | 2015 | 25220187 |
| kisspeptin regulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis gene expression during sexual maturation in the cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus. | kisspeptins (kiss) have been recognized as potent regulators of reproduction in teleosts, and kiss is suggested to be a key regulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis (hpg). however, its regulatory role on reproduction in fish remains unclear. therefore, to investigate the role of kiss on fish reproduction, this study aimed to test differences in the hormones of the hpg axis, kiss as neuropeptides, and sex steroids on the sexual maturation of paired cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanop ... | 2014 | 24239680 |
| increased co2 stimulates reproduction in a coral reef fish. | ocean acidification is predicted to negatively impact the reproduction of many marine species, either by reducing fertilization success or diverting energy from reproductive effort. while recent studies have demonstrated how ocean acidification will affect larval and juvenile fishes, little is known about how increasing partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pco(2)) and decreasing ph might affect reproduction in adult fishes. we investigated the effects of near-future levels of pco(2) on the reprod ... | 2013 | 23686937 |
| gene encoding prolactin in cinnamon clownfish amphiprion melanopus and its expression upon acclimation to low salinities. | | 2013 | 23276106 |
| molecular cloning and expression of caspase-3 in the protandrous cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus, during sex change. | the caspase-3 appears to be a key protease in the apoptotic pathway. we identified caspase-3 complementary dnas from the ovaries of the protandrous cinnamon clownfish (amphiprion melanopus), and investigated its mrna and proteins, and activity levels during the sex change (i, mature male; ii, male at 90 days after removing of the female; and iii, mature female). the nucleotide sequence of the caspase-3 cdna was 969 base pairs in length with open reading frames encoding peptides of 282 amino acid ... | 2013 | 22926760 |
| effect of led light spectra on starvation-induced oxidative stress in the cinnamon clownfish amphiprion melanopus. | the present study aimed to test starvation-induced oxidative stress in the cinnamon clownfish amphiprion melanopus illuminated by light-emitting diodes (leds): red (peak at 630 nm), green (peak at 530 nm), and blue (peak at 450 nm) within a visible light. we investigated the oxidative stress induced by starvation for 12 days during illumination with 3 led light spectra through measuring antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase [sod] and catalase [cat]) mrna expression and activity; cat western b ... | 2012 | 22841749 |
| effects of recombinant gonadotropin hormones on the expression of vitellogenin, gonadotropin subunits and gonadotropin receptors in cinnamon clownfish, amphiprion melanopus. | gonadotropins (gths) are the key regulators of reproduction in vertebrates. the present study investigated autoregulatory effects of gonadotropins, using recombinant fsh (rfsh) and lh (rlh) in cinnamon clownfish (amphiprion melanopus). experiments were carried out to investigate the actions of cinnamon clownfish rfsh and rlh on expression of gth subunits, gth receptors, and vitellogenin (vtg) mrna in vivo and in vitro. plasma estradiol-17β (e(2)) level was also measured in immature fish followin ... | 2012 | 22561196 |
| endemism and regional color and genetic differences in five putatively cosmopolitan reef fishes. | endemism is thought to be relatively rare in marine systems due to the lack of allopatric barriers and the potential for long-distance colonization via pelagic larval dispersal. although many species of coral reef fishes exhibit regionally restricted color variants that are suggestive of regional endemism, such variation is typically ascribed to intraspecific variation. we examined the genetic structure in 5 putatively monospecific fishes from the indo-west pacific (amphiprion melanopus, chrysip ... | 2008 | 18786099 |
| embryogenesis and oxygen consumption in benthic egg clutches of a tropical clownfish, amphiprion melanopus (pomacentridae). | variation in size at hatching is common in demersal spawning organisms, suggesting that processes during embryonic development may be critical in determining growth and development. to examine critical periods during embryonic development in the demersal spawning reef fish amphiprion melanopus, the rate of oxygen consumption within an egg clutch was compared to morphological changes in the embryos. oxygen consumption was least on day 1 of development where organ differentiation had not begun (me ... | 2004 | 15165568 |
| sex change and steroid profiles in the protandrous anemonefish amphiprion melanopus (pomacentridae, teleostei). | plasma profiles of several gonadal steroids and cortisol were examined in a field population of the protandrous, sex-changing anemonefish amphiprion melanopus to elucidate potential roles of these hormones in gonadal sex change. sex change was experimentally induced in males by removal of their dominant female pair mates. these sex-changing males were captured and sampled at 5, 10, or 20 days after female removal. unmanipulated males and females were also sampled. males had higher plasma levels ... | 1993 | 8405900 |