| laboratory studies of transovarial transmission of trivittatus virus by aedes trivittatus. | aedes trivittatus were experimentally exposed through a membrane to a concentration of trivittatus (tvt) virus in dog defibrinated blood of 10(3.4)-10(3.5) smicld 50/0.025 ml. transovarial and transstadial transmission was demonstrated. fifty-five percent of the infected mosquitoes tested transovarially transmitted tvt virus. tvt virus was isolated from 16% of the f1 generation progeny examined, including 19% of the larvae, 23% of adult females, and 10% of adult males. | 1978 | 626271 |
| dirofilaria immitis: effect on the longevity of aedes trivittatus. | | 1978 | 627272 |
| laboratory observations on the insusceptibility of raccoons to dirofilaria immitis. | two raccoons, procyon lotor, were exposed to dirofilaria immitis by subcutaneous injection of infective third stage larvae obtained from experimentally-infected aedes trivittatus. nematodes were not recovered from either raccoon when examined at necropsy 223 and 254 days postexposure. large numbers of adult d. immitis were found in six dogs used as controls. these data indicate that raccoons cannot support the development of d. immitis. | 1978 | 633513 |
| isolation of trivittatus virus from larvae and adults reared from field-collected larvae of aedes trivittatus (diptera: culicidae). | | 1977 | 886560 |
| host preferences of aedes trivittatus (diptera: culicidae) in central iowa. | the vertebrate host preferences of aedes trivittatus mosquitoes were studied to gain an insight into the possible hosts of trivittatus (tvt) virus (california encephalitis group) in iowa. engorged mosquitoes were collected with a malaise trap and dry ice-baited cdc miniature light traps. the origin of mosquito blood meals was determined by the capillary tube precipitin test. of 600 a. trivittatus blood meals tested, 409 (68.2%) reacted positively with anti-rabbit serum. the incidences of mosquit ... | 1975 | 1190374 |
| trivittatus virus infections in wild mammals and sentinel rabbits in central iowa. | a serological survey was conducted in iowa to determine the prevalence rate of california group virus antibodies in sera of several vertebrate species. serum specimens were assayed for infectivity-neutralizing antibody in a microneutralization system with baby hamster kidney cell culture. of 77 sera assayed, 21 (27%) neutralized trivittatus (tvt) virus infectivity. the antibody prevalence rate was highest for eastern cottontail rabbits inasmuch as 46% (10/22) of the serum specimens form this spe ... | 1975 | 1200251 |
| experimental transmission of trivittatus virus (california virus group) by aedes trivittatus. | the mosquito, aedes trivittatus, when fed through a membrane a trivittatus virus dosage of 10(3.4) to 10(5.5) suckling mouse ld50/0.03 ml of blood, transmitted the virus to suckling mice. virus multiplication indicative of a biological vector occurred in this species. when aedes vexans and a. triseriatus ingested similar doses of trivittatus virus, both the infection and transmission rates were low and virus multiplication was poor. these results, added to evidence based on virus isolations from ... | 1976 | 1259079 |
| natural infection of aedes trivittatus (coq) with dirofilaria immitis in central iowa. | juveniles identified as dirofilaria immitis were recovered from aedes trivittatus and anopheles punctipennis collected co2-baited cdc light traps in ames, iowa, during 10 days in july and august 1975. ae. trivittatus composed 58.7% of the mosquitoes collected, and d. immitis was recovered from 18 of 393 (4.6%) dissected and from 7 of 31 pools (911 mosquitoes; 0.77%). approximately 1.0% of the ae. trivittatus collected harbored infective-stage juveniles, and as many as 27 were recovered from a si ... | 1976 | 1263039 |
| simultaneous field comparison of evening temporal distributions of nectar and blood feeding by aedes vexans and ae. trivittatus (diptera: culicidae) in ohio. | nectar- and blood-feeding time distributions of aedes vexans (meigen) and aedes trivittatus (coquillett) were determined from collections of mosquitoes attempting to feed on flowers and human bait during six nights in an ohio field. distributions of nectar and blood feeding were different in ae. vexans on three of five nights when analyses were possible, and they were different in pooled ae. trivittatus data. higher proportions of blood feeders appeared in earlier time intervals, but both nectar ... | 1992 | 1495059 |
| immune competence of aedes trivittatus hemocytes as assessed by lectin binding. | hemocytes were perfused from uninoculated, saline-inoculated, and dirofilaria immitis microfilariae-inoculated aedes trivittatus and assessed for their capacity to bind wheat germ agglutinin (wga). approximately one-fourth of perfused hemocytes were wga positive in all groups of mosquitoes at all time periods tested. results suggest a. trivittatus has a larger inherent population of immune-competent hemocytes as compared with aedes aegypti and, therefore, is faster and more effective in killing ... | 1990 | 2319432 |
| hemocyte monophenol oxidase activity in mosquitoes exposed to microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis. | monophenol oxidase (mpo) activity in hemocytes collected from aedes aegypti liverpool strain and aedes trivittatus intrathoracically inoculated with saline alone, inoculated with dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff), or from uninoculated mosquitoes was compared using a radiometric tyrosine hydroxylation assay. hemocyte mpo activity in mff-inoculated (= immune-activated) mosquitoes was significantly increased at 24 hr postinoculation (pi) in a. aegypti and at 6, 12, and 24 hr pi in a. trivitta ... | 1989 | 2493084 |
| species composition and feeding success of mosquitoes attracted to caged dogs in indiana. | a field study using caged dogs in mosquito bait traps was conducted in eastcentral indiana to determine the species composition of mosquitoes coming to feed. fourteen species of mosquitoes from 5 genera were collected; aedes trivittatus predominated. feeding success rates were measured as the percentage of mosquitoes collected that had a fresh blood meal. the species having the highest rates were: culex erraticus, aedes stimulans and ae. trivittatus. aedes vexans and cx. pipiens/restuans had mar ... | 1985 | 2906663 |
| occurrence and seasonal incidence of mosquitoes on indian reservations in iowa, nebraska and south dakota during 1983. | a mosquito surveillance program designed to prevent future human cases of western equine encephalitis or saint louis encephalitis was established in 1983 on indian reservations under the jurisdiction of the aberdeen area indian health service in iowa, nebraska and south dakota. standard new jersey light traps were operated on all reservations throughout the summer season while cdc miniature and encephalitis virus surveillance traps were employed for shorter periods of time on 4 reservations. aed ... | 1986 | 2906969 |
| spontaneous flight activity of aedes trivittatus infected with dirofilaria immitis. | spontaneous flight activity of dirofilaria immitis-infected aedes trivittatus was evaluated by using an acoustic activity system. the activity of mosquitoes infected with low numbers of filarial larvae (1-4) was similar to that of uninfected mosquitoes. however, mosquitoes infected with more than 4 larvae became more active than uninfected mosquitoes 8 days after infection. peak flight activity (circadian) occurred at the same time in both infected and uninfected mosquitoes, but infected mosquit ... | 1988 | 3193335 |
| efficacy of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for control of culex pipiens and floodwater aedes larvae in iowa. | granular and flowable concentrate formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis provided a 90-100% reduction in aedes vexans and culex spp. larvae in natural larval habitats. a briquet formulation of b. thuringiensis was less effective, providing a 12-76% reduction. no residual activity occurred in sites treated with b. thuringiensis. granular formulations of bacillus sphaericus (2.78-8.42 kg/ha) caused a 100% reduction in culex pipiens larvae in natural sites and artificial pools. bac ... | 1987 | 3504943 |
| spontaneous flight activity of aedes trivittatus (diptera: culicidae) infected with trivittatus virus (bunyaviridae: california serogroup). | | 1987 | 3585922 |
| defense reactions of mosquitoes to filarial worms: effect of host age on the immune response to dirofilaria immitis microfilariae. | the melanization response of aedes aegypti black-eyed liverpool strain (lvp) and aedes trivittatus against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed in mosquitoes less than 1, 14, 21, and 28 days after adult ecdysis. there was a significant decrease in the melanization response of a. aegypti 14 days of age and older at 1, 3, and 5 days postinoculation (pi) compared to less than 1-day-old mosquitoes. the response also was reduced significantly in 14- to 28- ... | 1986 | 3734989 |
| hemocyte-mediated melanization of microfilariae in aedes aegypti. | the melanization response of adult female aedes aegypti (black-eyed liverpool strain) against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed with transmission electron microscopy. the initial reaction involved the lysis of hemocytes at or near the surface of the parasite prior to the deposition of pigment. subsequently, melanin formation was noted in the area of lysed cells and appeared to cascade onto the parasite surface. observations suggest that melanin may ... | 1986 | 3734991 |
| comparative studies on the melanization response of male and female mosquitoes against microfilariae. | the melanization response of adult male and female aedes trivittatus and the black-eyed liverpool strain of aedes aegypti against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed at 1, 3, and 5 days postinoculation (pi). the melanization reaction of males is significantly less effective than the response elicited by female mosquitoes. no mff in male a. aegypti and only 17% of mff recovered from a. trivittatus were fully melanized by day 5 pi compared with 80% and ... | 1986 | 3770266 |
| wild-caught aedes trivittatus naturally infected with filarial worms in knox county, tennessee. | | 1985 | 3880240 |
| ultrastructure of the melanization response of aedes trivittatus against inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae. | scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that intrathoracically-inoculated microfilariae (mff) of dirofilaria immitis elicited a rapid and effective immune response in the hemocoel of aedes trivittatus mosquitoes. hemocyte lysis and melanization of inoculated mff began immediately following exposure to the hemolymph environment. initial melanin accumulation occurred at any site along the surface of mff and rapidly increased in thickness. hemocyte encapsulation generally described f ... | 1985 | 4009349 |
| variations in the blood-feeding patterns of aedes vexans and aedes trivittatus (diptera: culicidae). | | 1984 | 6694179 |
| observations on the immune response of aedes trivittatus against dirofilaria immitis. | laboratory studies on the immune response of aedes trivittatus to dirofilaria immitis revealed an active immune response to developing larvae. a response was noted in 41 of 268 (15.3%) mosquitoes that fed on an infected dog. mosquitoes exhibiting an immune response contained a significantly greater number of parasites (21.9 larvae/mosquito) than mosquitoes in which no response was evident (14.7 larvae/mosquito). the microfilarial stage was melanized more frequently than later developmental stage ... | 1981 | 7324113 |
| the significance of western equine encephalomyelitis viral infections in aedes trivittatus (diptera: culicidae) in iowa. i. variation in susceptibility of aedes trivittatus to experimental infection with three strains of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | f1 pregnancy obtained from field-collected aedes trivittatus were evaluated for susceptibility to infection with western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus by intrathoracic inoculation and by oral imbibition of virus-blood suspensions through a membrane. mosquitoes were uniformly susceptible to infection by intrathoracic inoculation of three strains of wee virus, but minimum infective doses varied as much as 2,000 to 12,000-fold between strains by membrane feeding. dose-response data obtained ... | 1980 | 7352619 |
| response of iowa mosquito populations to unusual precipitation patterns as measured by new jersey light trap collections. | new jersey light trap data from 1993, a year with unusually high amounts of precipitation, and 1994 were compared with mean light trap counts for the previous 8-10 years in each of 6 locations. the study took place in iowa. in 1993, aedes trivittatus and culex tarsalis populations were unchanged. anopheles punctipennis and culex pipiens complex populations were significantly higher, and aedes vexans populations increased in all 6 sites, significantly so in 2 sites. species composition was unchan ... | 1995 | 7595446 |
| multiple isolations of eastern equine encephalitis and highlands j viruses from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) during a 1996 epizootic in southeastern connecticut. | thirty-six isolations of eastern equine encephalitis virus were obtained from 8 species of mosquitoes collected from 5 september through 18 october 1996 during an epizootic in southeastern connecticut. these included culiseta melanura (coquillett) (19 isolates), culex pipiens l. (8), culiseta morsitans (theobald) (3), aedes sollicitans (walker) (2), aedes cantator (coquillett) (1), aedes trivittatus (coquillett) (1), aedes vexans (meigen) (1), and coquillettidia perturbans (walker) (1). isolatio ... | 1998 | 9615549 |
| seasonal incidence and geographical variation of nebraska mosquitoes, 1994-95. | a mosquito survey was conducted in nebraska during 1994-95. mosquitoes were collected by co2-baited cdc light traps at 11 localities throughout nebraska. total mosquitoes collected was 685,581 per trap (mean = 790) and 1,163,741 per trap (mean = 1,372) during 1994 and 1995, respectively. twenty-seven mosquito species representing 8 genera were collected. the most abundant mosquitoes collected statewide were aedes vexans at 74% of the 2-year total, culex tarsalis at 11%; aedes trivittatus, 5%; ae ... | 1999 | 10480112 |
| genetics of mosquito vector competence. | mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. efforts to control mosquito-borne diseases have been impeded, in part, by the development of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and environmental concerns over the application of insecticides. therefore, there is a need to develop novel disease control strategies that can complement or replace existing control methods. one such strategy is to generate pathogen-resi ... | 2000 | 10704476 |
| reproductive aspects of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus (diptera:culicidae) infected with wuchereria bancrofti (spirurida: onchocercidae). | this study reports on the relationship between wuchereria bancrofti infection and female body size, intake of blood and fecundity in the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus, vector of this filarial parasite in recife (brazil). adults from field collected larvae were infected via a membrane feeding procedure, using blood with parasitaemia ranging from 724-6,000 mf/ml. a positive correlation was observed between mosquito size (measured by wing length) and egg production in uninfected females. however, ... | 2003 | 12764437 |
| vector competence of culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae) from iowa for a sympatric strain of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee-7738) virus. | experiments were designed to evaluate the vector competence of culex tarsalis coquillet from an area (sioux city) where cx. tarsalis is most abundant in iowa for western equine encephalomyelitis virus (wee-7738). wee-7738 was isolated from aedes trivittatus (coquillet) collected in ames, ia, in 1977. infection rate, dissemination rate, multiplication efficiency, and transmission rate were determined for this virus in the sc strain of cx. tarsalis. sc strain of cx. tarsalis was as susceptible to ... | 2000 | 15218927 |
| susceptibility of ochlerotatus trivittatus (coq.), aedes albopictus (skuse), and culex pipiens (l.) to west nile virus infection. | the susceptibility of ochlerotatus trivittatus (coq.) to west nile virus (wnv) was assessed by comparing it to the susceptibility of aedes albopictus (skuse), a likely bridge vector, and culex pipiens (l.), a primary wnv amplifying species. the three species were infected with wnv (ny crow-1999) by feeding on 2-3-day-old chickens with serum virus titers ranging from 10(2.5) to 10(9.5) cell culture infective dose (cid) 50s/ml. the lowest infective titer for oc. trivittatus and cx. pipiens was 10( ... | 2004 | 15631062 |
| epidemiology of west nile virus in connecticut: a five-year analysis of mosquito data 1999-2003. | two hundred and ten isolations of west nile virus (wnv) were obtained from 17 mosquito species in six genera in statewide surveillance conducted in connecticut from june through october, 1999-2003. culex pipiens (86), culex salinarius (32), culex restuans (26), culiseta melanura (32), and aedes vexans (12) were implicated as the most likely vectors of wnv in the region based on virus isolation data. culex pipiens was abundant from july through september and is likely involved in early season enz ... | 2004 | 15682518 |
| a comparision of west nile virus transmission by ochlerotatus trivittatus (coq.), culex pipiens (l.), and aedes albopictus (skuse). | transmission of west nile virus (wnv) by ochlerotatus trivittatus, culex pipiens, and aedes albopictus were compared 14 days after taking blood meals from viremic chickens with titers ranging from 10(2.5) to 10(9.5) cell infective dose (50)s (cid50s)/ml serum. transmission occurred in one of four (25%) oc. trivittatus and one of 25 (4%) cx. pipiens that fed on chickens with titers of 10(5.5) cid50s/ml. no transmission occurred among two of 16 (13%) oc. trivittatus or one of 25 (4%) cx. pipiens t ... | 2005 | 15815148 |
| mosquito surveillance for west nile virus in southeastern wisconsin--2002. | in 2001, west nile virus (wnv) was identified among dead american crows and bluejays in five counties in southeastern wisconsin. in response to the introduction of wnv, a pilot mosquito surveillance program was initiated in these five southeastern wisconsin counties during the summer of 2002. forty sites were selected for surveillance one night each week during a 17-week period. mosquitoes were collected in carbon dioxide-baited light traps and gravid traps. during the study period 31,419 mosqui ... | 2003 | 15931283 |
| isolations of potosi virus from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected in connecticut. | potosi virus (potv) (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) was first isolated from aedes albopictus (skuse) collected in potosi, mo, in 1989, and subsequent isolations were reported from illinois, michigan, ohio, and the carolinas. to determine whether the distribution of this virus extends into the northeastern united states, we analyzed arboviruses acquired from mosquitoes collected in connecticut from 1998 to 2004. in 2001, a bunyavirus was isolated from aedes vexans (meigen) that was different from ... | 2005 | 16363172 |
| bird-baited traps for surveillance of west nile mosquito vectors: effect of bird species, trap height, and mosquito escape rates. | host-seeking mosquitoes were sampled in bird-baited traps at four sites in new york state in 2003-2004. trap placement and efficacy of chickens, gallus gallus domesticus l., as bait compared with house sparrows, passer domesticus l., an important reservoir of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv), was evaluated. each site had a chicken-baited trap near ground level (approximately 1.5 m) and in the tree canopy (approximately 9 m), and a house sparrow-baited trap at ground l ... | 2006 | 16506452 |
| isolation of bunyamwera serogroup viruses (bunyaviridae, orthobunyavirus) in new york state. | during routine arbovirus surveillance from 2000 to 2004 in new york state (nys), 14,788 mosquito pools making up 36 species and nine genera were inoculated onto vero cell cultures to test for abroad spectrum of viruses. forty-six percent of viruses isolated in cell culture from species, excluding culex pipiens l. and culex restuans theobald, were identified as bunyamwera serogroup viruses. here, we report the distribution and level of bunyamwera activity in nys detected during this period. we de ... | 2006 | 17017240 |
| discriminative feeding behaviour of anopheles gambiae s.s. on endemic plants in western kenya. | anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) is known to feed on plant sugars, but this is the first experimental study to consider whether it discriminates between plant species. thirteen perennial plant species were selected on the basis of their local availability within the vicinity of human dwellings and larval habitats of an. gambiae s.s. in western kenya. groups of 100 or 200 mosquitoes were released into cages either with a cutting of one plant type at a time (single-plant assay) or ... | 2007 | 17373953 |
| associations between two mosquito populations and west nile virus in harris county, texas, 2003-06. | associations between culex quinquefasciatus, aedes albopictus and west nile virus (wnv) activity, temperature, and rainfall in harris county, texas 2003-06 are discussed. human cases were highly correlated to cx. quinquefasciatus (r = 0.87) and ae. albopictus (r = 0.78) pools, blue jays (r = 0.83), and ae. albopictus collected (r = 0.71), but not cx. quinquefasciatus collected (r = 0.45). human cases were associated with temperature (r = 0.71), not rainfall (r = 0.29), whereas temperature correl ... | 2007 | 17939505 |
| spatiotemporal investigation of adult mosquito (diptera: culicidae) populations in an eastern iowa county, usa. | landscape and climatic factors regulate distributions of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) over time and space. the anthropogenic control of mosquito populations is often carried out at a local administrative scale, and it is applied based on the relevant agency's experiential knowledge rather than systematic analysis of spatial and temporal data. to address this shortcoming, a spatial and temporal analysis of landscape and climatic parameters in relation to mosquito populations in black hawk coun ... | 2007 | 18047216 |
| mosquito transcriptome changes and filarial worm resistance in armigeres subalbatus. | armigeres subalbatus is a natural vector of the filarial worm brugia pahangi, but it rapidly and proficiently kills brugia malayi microfilariae by melanotic encapsulation. because b. malayi and b. pahangi are morphologically and biologically similar, the armigeres-brugia system serves as a valuable model for studying the resistance mechanisms in mosquito vectors. we have initiated transcriptome profiling studies in ar. subalbatus to identify molecular components involved in b. malayi refractorin ... | 2007 | 18088420 |
| landscape, demographic, entomological, and climatic associations with human disease incidence of west nile virus in the state of iowa, usa. | west nile virus (wnv) emerged as a threat to public and veterinary health in the midwest united states in 2001 and continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality annually. to investigate biotic and abiotic factors associated with disease incidence, cases of reported human disease caused by west nile virus (wnv) in the state of iowa were aggregated by census block groups in iowa for the years 2002-2006. spatially explicit data on landscape, demographic, and climatic conditions were collat ... | 2008 | 18452604 |
| arbovirus transmission by culex nigripalpus in florida, 2005. | understanding the transmission patterns of west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv and slev) could result in an increased ability to predict transmission risk to humans. to examine transmission patterns between vector and host, we trapped mosquitoes in three florida counties from june to november 2005 by using chicken-baited lard can mosquito traps. these traps were used to monitor for presence of wnv and slev in mosquitoes and subsequent transmis ... | 2008 | 18533444 |
| comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of west nile and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus vectors in suffolk county, new york, using human population density and land use/cover data. | five years of cdc light trap data from suffolk county, ny, were analyzed to compare the applicability of human population density (hpd) and land use/cover (luc) classification systems to describe mosquito abundance and to determine whether certain mosquito species of medical importance tend to be more common in urban (defined by hpd) or residential (defined by luc) areas. eleven study sites were categorized as urban or rural using u.s. census bureau data and by luc types using geographic informa ... | 2008 | 18533453 |
| mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance along habitat-climate-elevation gradients in the northern colorado front range. | we exploited elevation gradients (1,500-2,400 m) ranging from plains to montane areas along the poudre river and big thompson river in the northern colorado front range to determine how mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance change along natural habitat-climate-elevation gradients. mosquito collections in 26 sites in 2006 by using co2-baited cdc light traps yielded a total of 7,136 identifiable mosquitoes of 27 species. commonly collected species included aedes vexans (meigen) (n ... | 2008 | 18714885 |
| host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, u.s.a.: molecular analysis of bloodmeals from 23 species of aedes, anopheles, culex, coquillettidia, psorophora, and uranotaenia. | we evaluated the blood-feeding patterns in several mosquito species that may serve as vectors of disease agents in the northeastern united states. blood-fed mosquitoes were collected from 91 different sites throughout connecticut over a 6-yr period (june-october 2002-2007), and the host-feeding patterns of 23 mosquito species representing six genera were examined by using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay and sequencing portions of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna. this study was ... | 2008 | 19058640 |
| mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors. | the traditional assumption that vector-borne pathogens should evolve towards a benign relationship with their arthropod vectors has been challenged on theoretical grounds and empirical evidence. however, in the case of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), although a number of investigators have reported experimental evidence for virus-induced vector mortality, others have failed to detect any significant impact. whether this variation in the observed level of arbovirus virulence depends on bio ... | 2009 | 19141420 |
| isolation of buggy creek virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) from field-collected eggs of oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | alphaviruses (togaviridae) rarely have been found to be vertically transmitted from female arthropods to their progeny. we report two isolations of buggy creek virus (bcrv), an ecologically unusual alphavirus related to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, from field-collected eggs of cimicid swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius horvath), the principal vector for bcrv. ten percent of egg pools were positive for bcrv, and we estimated minimum infection rates to be 1.03 infected eggs per 1,000 teste ... | 2009 | 19351091 |
| spatio-temporal cluster analysis of county-based human west nile virus incidence in the continental united states. | west nile virus (wnv) is a vector-borne illness that can severely affect human health. after introduction on the east coast in 1999, the virus quickly spread and became established across the continental united states. however, there have been significant variations in levels of human wnv incidence spatially and temporally. in order to quantify these variations, we used kulldorff's spatial scan statistic and anselin's local moran's i statistic to uncover spatial clustering of human wnv incidence ... | 2009 | 19594928 |
| a duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of california serogroup and cache valley viruses. | a duplex taqman real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the detection of california (cal) serogroup viruses and cache valley virus (cvv), for use in human surveillance. the targets selected for the assay were the sequences encoding the nucleocapsid protein of cal and the g1 glycoprotein of cvv. conserved regions were selected by aligning genetic sequences from various strains available in the genbank database. primers and probes were selected in co ... | 2009 | 19748425 |
| potential vectors of west nile virus in a semiarid environment: doña ana county, new mexico. | the potential vectors of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) in doña ana county, nm, were determined during 2004 and 2005. trapping was conducted using centers for disease control and prevention miniature light-traps baited with dry ice, and gravid traps baited with a hay infusion. in addition, sentinel chickens were housed at four of the trapping locations to monitor wnv epizootic transmission. in total, 5,576 pools consisting of 115,797 female mosquitoes were tested fo ... | 2009 | 19960700 |
| blood feeding patterns of mosquitoes: random or structured? | abstract: | 2010 | 20205866 |
| detection of flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in mosquitoes in the yucatan peninsula of mexico in 2008. | a total of 191,244 mosquitoes from 24 species were collected in the yucatan peninsula of mexico from january to december 2008, and tested for the presence of cytopathic virus by virus isolation in vero cells. eighteen virus isolates were obtained, all of which were orthobunyaviruses. these were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nucleotide sequencing as cache valley virus (n=17) and south river virus (n=1). a subset (n=20,124) of culex quinquefasciatus col ... | 2010 | 20370430 |
| mosquito infestation and dengue virus infection in aedes aegypti females in schools in merida, mexico. | we determined abundance of aedes aegypti mosquitoes and presence of dengue virus (denv) in females collected from schools in mérida, méxico, during 2008 and 2009. backpack aspiration from 24 schools produced 468 females of ae. aegypti and 1,676 females of another human biter, culex quinquefasciatus. ae. aegypti females were collected most commonly from classrooms followed by offices and bathrooms. of these females, 24.7% were freshly fed. examination of 118 pools of ae. aegypti females (total of ... | 2011 | 21363990 |
| host associations of mosquitoes at eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in connecticut, usa. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne arbovirus, with active transmission foci in freshwater hardwood swamps in eastern north america, where enzootic transmission is maintained between the ornithophilic mosquito, culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds. the role of other locally abundant mosquito species in virus transmission and their associations with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals within these foci are largely unknown but are of importa ... | 2016 | 27577939 |
| arboviruses in north dakota, 2003-2006. | to investigate arbovirus transmission in north dakota, we collected and screened mosquitoes for viral infection by vero cell culture assay. seven viruses were isolated from 13 mosquito species. spatial and temporal distributions of the important vectors of west nile virus (wnv), cache valley virus, jamestown canyon virus (jcv), and trivittatus virus are reported. snowshoe hare virus, potosi virus, and western equine encephalomyelitis virus were also isolated. the risks of culex tarsalis and aede ... | 2014 | 25487728 |
| urban mosquito fauna in mérida city, méxico: immatures collected from containers and storm-water drains/catch basins. | we examined the species composition and temporal occurrence of immature mosquitoes in containers and storm-water drains/catch basins from november 2011 to june 2013 in mérida city, méxico. a wide range of urban settings were examined, including residential premises, vacant lots, parking lots, and streets or sidewalks with storm-water drains/catch basins. in total, 111,776 specimens of 15 species were recorded. the most commonly collected species were aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (n = 60,961) a ... | 0 | 25429168 |
| predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of rift valley fever virus in the united states. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-borne virus in the family bunyaviridiae that has spread throughout continental africa to madagascar and the arabian peninsula. the establishment of rvfv in north america would have serious consequences for human and animal health in addition to a significant economic impact on the livestock industry. published and unpublished data on rvfv vector competence, vertebrate host competence, and mosquito feeding patterns from the united states were combined ... | 2014 | 25211133 |
| forecasting united states heartworm dirofilaria immitis prevalence in dogs. | this paper forecasts next year's canine heartworm prevalence in the united states from 16 climate, geographic and societal factors. the forecast's construction and an assessment of its performance are described. | 2016 | 27724981 |
| analysis of post-blood meal flight distances in mosquitoes utilizing zoo animal blood meals. | we assessed the post-blood meal flight distance of four mosquito species in a unique environment using blood meal analysis. mosquitoes were trapped at the rio grande zoo in albuquerque, nm, and the blood source of blood-engorged mosquitoes was identified. the distance from the enclosure of the animal serving as a blood source to the trap site was then determined. we found that mosquitoes captured at the zoo flew no more than 170 m with an average distance of 106.7 m after taking a blood meal. th ... | 0 | 22548540 |
| factors influencing u.s. canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) prevalence. | this paper examines the individual factors that influence prevalence rates of canine heartworm in the contiguous united states. a data set provided by the companion animal parasite council, which contains county-by-county results of over nine million heartworm tests conducted during 2011 and 2012, is analyzed for predictive structure. the goal is to identify the factors that are important in predicting high canine heartworm prevalence rates. | 2014 | 24906567 |
| diversity of mosquitoes and the aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites along the pacific coast of mexico. | the abundance, richness and diversity of mosquitoes and aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites were surveyed along eight states of the pacific coast of mexico. diversity was estimated using the shannon index (h'), similarity measures and cluster analysis. | 2014 | 24450800 |
| integrative taxonomy for continental-scale terrestrial insect observations. | although 21(st) century ecology uses unprecedented technology at the largest spatio-temporal scales in history, the data remain reliant on sound taxonomic practices that derive from 18(th) century science. the importance of accurate species identifications has been assessed repeatedly and in instances where inappropriate assignments have been made there have been costly consequences. the national ecological observatory network (neon) will use a standardized system based upon an integrative taxon ... | 2012 | 22666362 |
| female adult aedes albopictus suppression by wolbachia-infected male mosquitoes. | dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses are pathogens with an increasing global impact. in the absence of an approved vaccine or therapy, their management relies on controlling the mosquito vectors. but traditional controls are inadequate, and the range of invasive species such as aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito) is expanding. genetically modified mosquitoes are being tested, but their use has encountered regulatory barriers and public opposition in some countries. wolbachia bacteria can cau ... | 2016 | 27659038 |
| complete genome sequence of trivittatus virus. | trivittatus virus (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) represents an important genetic intermediate between the california encephalitis group and the bwamba/pongola and nyando groups. here, we report the first complete genome sequence of the prototype (eklund) strain, isolated in 1948, which, interestingly, shows only a few differences when compared to partial sequences of modern strains. | 2015 | 26212363 |
| cardio-pulmonary parasitic nematodes affecting cats in europe: unraveling the past, depicting the present, and predicting the future. | various cardio-pulmonary parasitic nematodes infecting cats have recently been fascinating and stimulating the attention of the academia, pharmaceutical companies, and veterinary practitioners. this is the case of the metastrongyloids: aelurostrongylus abstrusus and troglostrongylus brevior, the trichuroid: capillaria aerophila (syn. eucoleus aerophilus), and the filarioid: dirofilaria immitis. apparently, these parasites have been emerging in several european countries, thus, gaining an importa ... | 2014 | 26664917 |
| the conglutination phenomenon. xii. immuno-conglutinin in experimental infections of laboratory animals. | | 0 | 13852847 |
| new, recent, and questionable mosquito records from mississippi. | enhanced mosquito surveillance in mississippi has confirmed the presence of mansonia titillans and ochlerotatus trivittatus, which represent new state records for mississippi. recent records of aedes albopictus, anopheles maverlius, an. quadrimaculatus, an. smaragdinus, and ochlerotatus hendersoni, and questionable records of ochlerotatus dorsalis, oc. stimulans, and psorophora pygmaea are reviewed. | 2005 | 15825755 |
| adult mosquitoes parasitized by larval water mites in pennsylvania. | a survey of water mite larvae parasitizing adult mosquitoes was conducted throughout pennsylvania. in total, 929,873 individuals and 46 species of mosquitoes were collected from 6,499 sites, and mites were examined from a subset of the parasitized mosquitoes. from 282 of the sites, 1,836 mosquitoes were parasitized by 4,769 mites, with a mean intensity of 2.6, ranging from 1 to 31. twenty-one species of mosquitoes representing aedes, anopheles, coquillettidia, culex, ochlerotatus, orthopodomyia, ... | 2013 | 22924904 |
| midgut barrier as a possible factor in filarial worm vector competency in aedes trivittatus. | | 1986 | 3950432 |
| geospatial analysis and seasonal distribution of west nile virus vectors (diptera: culicidae) in southern ontario, canada. | the purpose of this study was to establish geospatial and seasonal distributions of west nile virus vectors in southern ontario, canada using historical surveillance data from 2002 to 2014. we set out to produce mosquito abundance prediction surfaces for each of ontario's thirteen west nile virus vectors. we also set out to determine whether elevation and proximity to conservation areas and provincial parks, wetlands, and population centres could be used to improve our model. our results indicat ... | 2018 | 29597256 |
| seasonal distribution, blood-feeding habits, and viruses of mosquitoes in an open-faced quarry in connecticut, 2010 and 2011. | seasonal abundance of mosquitoes, their viruses, and blood-feeding habits were determined at an open-faced quarry in north branford, ct, in 2010 and 2011. this unique habitat had not previously been sampled for mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses. thirty species of mosquitoes were identified from 41,719 specimens collected. coquillettidia perturbans, aedes trivittatus, and ae. vexans were the most abundant species and represented 34.5%, 17.7%, and 14.8% of the totals, respectively. jamestown c ... | 2018 | 31442119 |
| skunk river virus, a novel orbivirus isolated from aedes trivittatus in the united states. | the genomic organization and in vitro host range of a novel mosquito-associated orbivirus, designated skunk river virus, is described. the virus was isolated from aedes trivittatus collected in iowa in the united states. three recognized viruses were also recovered: culex flavivirus (family flaviviridae), houston virus (family mesoniviridae) and umatilla virus (family reoviridae). the genome of skunk river virus contains 10 segments and its organization is characteristic of viruses in the genus ... | 2019 | 30632960 |