| critical tests of suspension, paste, and pellet formulations of cambendazole in the horse. | three formulations of cambendazole were evaluated for anthelmintic activity by critical testing method in 21 horses. cambendazole suspension was administered via stomach tube at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg to 3 horses and at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg to 3 horses. cambendazole paste was given intraorally to 8 horses, and the pellet formulation was fed to 7 horses at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg. anthelmintic activity of cambendazole was similar for all dose rates and formulations. gasterophilus intest ... | 1975 | 123710 |
| granulomatous and neoplastic diseases of the skin of horses. | lesions encountered in a clinicopathological study of cutaneous lesions resembling 'swamp cancer' from horses in north queensland included 37 cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis, 5 of which were also infected with habronema sp larvae. in addition 9 cases of primary cutaneous habronemiasis, 58 sarcoids, 12 fibromas, 8 fibrosarcomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 haemangiomas, 3 melanomas, 1 papilloma, 1 palpebral adenocarcinoma and 7 cases of simple granulation were diagnosed. subcutaneous phycom ... | 1978 | 152106 |
| critical anthelmintic trials in ponies with oxfendazole and caviphos and concomitant studies on the spontaneous elimination of small strongylids. | the efficacy of the benzimidazole, oxfendazole, and the organophosphate, caviphos, against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies was evaluated by the critcial test method. oxfendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight) given in single oral doses was 100% effective against adult large strongylids (strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, and strongylus equinus), 99% effective against adult small strongylids, and 97% effective against 4th-stage small strongylids (genera identified in order of frequency: c ... | 1979 | 475090 |
| anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole in equines. | a single oral dose of fenbendazole (fbz) at 10 mg/kg body mass was given to 5 donkeys. a further 5 donkeys were dosed with a medicated lick (1 mg fbz/g lick) until the oral consumption was 10 mg/kg body mass. in both trials fbz was highly effective against adults of the following genera: cyathostomum, cylicocyclus, cylicostephanus, cylicodontophorus, poteriostomum, cabellonema, craterostomum and triodontophorus; similarly high efficiency was obtained against the following species: habronema maju ... | 1979 | 553963 |
| critical anthelmintic trials in ponies with four benzimidazoles: mebendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole, and albendazole. | the comparative efficacy of four benzimidazoles against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies was evaluated by the critical test method. mebendazole (8.8 mg/kg), cambendazole (20 mg/kg), fenbendazole (5 mg/kg), and albendazole (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) given in single oral doses were highly effective against adult large strongylids (strongylus vulgaris, s. endentatus, s. equinus) and adult small strongylids (genera identified in order of frequency: cylicostephanus, cylicocyclus, cyathostomum, triodontoph ... | 1977 | 886410 |
| critical tests with oxibendazole against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | twenty ponies were allotted to 4 groups of 5 ponies each, and oxibendazole was orally administered at dose levels of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg. in the 3 groups of ponies given the largest doses, efficacy against 3 species of strongylus was between 92 and 100% and that against small strongylids of the genera cyathostomum, cylicocyclus, cylicodontophorus, and cylicostephanus was more than 99%. all adults and 95 to 100% of larvae of the pinworm oxyuris equi were removed. in the group of ponies given ... | 1976 | 1267243 |
| [parasitic helminths of the cecum and colon of equidae in italy]. | intestinal helminths from coecum and colon were studied in 93 equidae including 40 horses, 36 donkeys and 17 mules. a total of 38 species, 36 nematodes and 2 cestodes, were identified as follows: 1) triodontophorus serratus, 2) triodontophorus brevicauda, 3) strongylus equinus, 4) strongylus edentatus, 5) strongylus vulgaris, 6) cyathostomum tetracanthum, 7) cyathostomum coronatum, 8) cyathostomum labiatum, 9) cyathostomum labratum, 10) cyathostomum alveatum, 11) cyathostomum pateratum, 12) cyat ... | 1992 | 1339978 |
| epidemiological observations on stomach worms of donkeys in morocco. | over two consecutive years, weekly examinations for the presence of nematodes were conducted on 185 stomachs from donkeys originating mainly from the rabat, casablanca and settat regions of morocco. all the animals, except one, were infected by at least one of four helminth species. trichostrongylus axei was found in 93.5%, habronema muscae in 89.7%, h. majus in 85.4% and draschia megastoma in 1.1% of donkeys. most animals were infected by two (23.8%) or three (71.9%) species. high burdens of t. ... | 1992 | 1466146 |
| critical and controlled tests of activity of moxidectin (cl 301,423) against natural infections of internal parasites of equids. | the activity of moxidectin was evaluated in 1988 and 1989 against natural infections of internal parasites in 20 critical tests (n = 20 equids) and three controlled tests (n = 20 equids). two formulations, injectable administered intramuscularly (i.m.) or intraorally (i.o.) and gel i.o., were given at dose rates of 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg kg-1 body weight. for the critical tests (all three dose rates evaluated), removals of second instar gasterophilus intestinalis were 93-100%, except (89%) for the i ... | 1992 | 1502789 |
| controlled test evaluation of the benzimidazole anthelmintic vet 220-s alone or with concomitant trichlorfon treatment against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was done in 30 naturally infected ponies to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the dienbendazole analog vet 220-s given alone or with trichlorfon (tcf) by nasogastric intubation. six ponies were nontreated; 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg); 6 were given tcf (40 mg/kg); 6 were given vet 220-s (2.5 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg); and 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg). all ponies were euthanatized and necropsied 7 or 8 days after treatment. draschia megastoma, ... | 1991 | 2053725 |
| cutaneous habronemiasis in horses and domestic donkeys (equus asinus asinus). | cutaneous habronemiasis in 15 horses and 5 donkeys is described. the lesions were distributed in many parts of the body involving the medial canthus, shoulder and pectoral regions, knee and fetlock joints, abdominal wall and prepuce. some animals had more than one lesion. the lesions were ulcerative and filled with soft light red granulation tissue. when curretted, the deeper layers revealed a dense fibrous tissue with calcified foci. close examination of the lesions showed that the superficial ... | 1990 | 2145616 |
| controlled test and clinical evaluation of dienbendazole against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was performed to titrate the anthelmintic dosage of dienbendazole in 24 mixed-breed ponies naturally infected with strongylus vulgaris, s edentatus, and small strongyle species, as determined by parasitic egg and larval counts in feces. comparison of results of treatment was made among 3 dienbendazole dosages--2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight--and a gum (excipient) mixture given by nasogastric intubation. all ponies were euthanatized and necropsied at 7 or 8 days after treat ... | 1989 | 2619127 |
| prevalence and intensity of non-strongyle intestinal parasites of horses in northern queensland. | a quantitative post-mortem study of 57 horses from northern queensland was done to determine the prevalence and intensity of non-strongyle intestinal parasites. the following species (% prevalence) were found: draschia megastoma (39%); habronema muscae (43%); gasterophilus intestinalis (34%), g. nasalis (30%); parascaris equorum (15%); strongyloides westeri (6%); probstmayria vivipara (2%); oxyuris equi (26%); anoplocephala magna (2%); a. perfoliata (32%). mean parasite numbers of individual spe ... | 1989 | 2930389 |
| prevalence and epidemiology of the major gastrointestinal parasites of horses in perth, western australia. | a survey was conducted on the prevalence of the major gastrointestinal parasites in 140 horses necropsied in perth, western australia, during 1979 to 1982. adult strongylus vulgaris were found in 22.5 per cent of horses and verminous arteritis in 62.9 per cent. the peak worm prevalence was in november to january (summer). s edentatus had a similar prevalence and seasonality but s equinus was not found in this survey. draschia megastoma and habronema muscae were found in 66.2 per cent and 35.3 pe ... | 1985 | 2934246 |
| common internal parasites found in the stomach, large intestine, and cranial mesenteric artery of thoroughbreds in kentucky at necropsy (1985 to 1986). | a total of 278 thoroughbreds (less than 1 to 31 years old) were examined at necropsy (july 9, 1985, to feb 2, 1986) in kentucky for various internal parasites. examination was not made of all the horses for each of the parasites. specific parasites recovered from the stomach of foals (n = 30) and yearlings and older horses (n = 96) and percentage (in parentheses) of each age category infected, respectively, were as follows: gasterophilus intestinalis 2nd instar (53% and 32%) and 3rd instar (37% ... | 1987 | 2950814 |
| parasites of the stomach in donkeys of the highveld of zimbabwe. | fourteen donkeys from a communal area of the zimbabwean highveld were examined for stomach parasites during july and november of 1986 and january and april of 1987. all 14 animals were infected. habronema muscae occurred in 12, draschia megastoma in 11, h. majus in 9, trichostrongylus axei in 9, gasterophilus intestinalis in 14 and g. nasalis in 1 donkey. the lowest level of infection was in january for the helminths and in april for gasterophilus larvae. the peak burdens of parasites were in ju ... | 1988 | 2975414 |
| a comparison of fixatives suitable for scanning electron microscopy of habronema spp. | members of the genus habronema (nematoda: habronematidae) were preserved in 4 fixatives for examination with scanning electron microscopy (sem). tegumental features of the anterior and posterior extremities of these specimens were compared to evaluate the effect of the fixatives: modified flemming's solution, glutaraldehyde (ga), karnovsky's fixative and 70% ethanol. fixatives were assessed on the appearance of the tegument, evidence of any wrinkling, shrinkage or swelling and the degree of exte ... | 1988 | 3127769 |
| prevalence of internal parasites in horses in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983) in kentucky. | the prevalence and number of naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites were compiled for horses used in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983). data are presented as follows: n = number of horses examined; % = mean prevalence; number in parentheses after % = aggregate mean number of parasites in infected horses. parasites found were: bots (n = 513) - gasterophilus intestinalis, 2nd instar, 61%(58); 3rd instar, 94%(168); g. nasalis, 2nd instar, 36%(28); ... | 1987 | 3564356 |
| nematode parasites from burchell's zebras in south africa. | twenty-five burchell's zebras (equus burchelli antiquorum) which were culled at monthly intervals in the kruger national park were examined for helminths. twenty-nine species of nematodes belonging to the families atractidae, habronematidae, onchocercidae, oxyuridae, strongylidae, strongyloididae and trichostrongylidae were recovered. the cyathostomes (small strongyles) most abundant were cyathostomum tetracanthum, cylicostephanus calicatus, cylindropharynx sp. (? c. intermedia theiler, 1923) an ... | 1987 | 3625897 |
| integrated control of strongylus vulgaris infection in horses using ivermectin. | an attempt was made to control or eliminate strongylus vulgaris from a closed group of three horses at pasture near perth, western australia, by dosing with ivermectin on four occasions during the time of year when it was believed that environmental conditions would eliminate all the non-parasitic stages of that species. at necropsy, five months after the last dose of anthelmintic and after continually grazing the same pastures, no s vulgaris or arterial lesions were found in those horses and s ... | 1985 | 3841054 |
| prevalence of some internal parasites recovered at necropsy of thoroughbreds born in 1982 in kentucky. | a total of 89 thoroughbreds, 14 to 333 days old (born in 1982), were examined at necropsy for certain internal parasites during a 1-year-period, mar 1, 1982, to feb 28, 1983. the eyes of 73 of the horses and the cranial mesenteric arteries of 71 were examined. specific interest was on prevalence of parasites according to month of the year and age of the horses at necropsy. parasites recovered (first month-last month infected horse found) were as follows: thelazia lacrymalis (eyes) immature and m ... | 1985 | 3994134 |
| parasites in lungs of dead equids in kentucky: emphasis on dictyocaulus arnfieldi. | prevalence of natural infections of parasites from the lungs of 488 dead thoroughbreds in kentucky was investigated. the horses varied from 1 to 32 years of age; 419 horses were from 215 farms and 69 horses were from 68 individual sources for which a specific farm was not identified. examinations of the lungs were made from mar 1, 1983 through feb 29, 1984. dictyocaulus arnfieldi was recovered from 56 (11%) of the horses. other parasites found were larvae of parascaris equorum in 37 (8%) and of ... | 1985 | 4040343 |
| habronema megastoma larvae associated with pulmonary abscesses in a foal. | | 1969 | 4238831 |
| a survey of habronema spp and the identification of third-stage larvae of habronema megastoma and habronema muscae in secretion. | | 1969 | 5812792 |
| on a new avian nematode, habronema (aviabronema) hrishii sp. nov. from the intestine of milvus migrans (kite). | | 1965 | 5891793 |
| epidemiological observations on stomach worms of horses in morocco. | six to nine horses per month (total of 94 in a year) were examined for stomach worms in the settat region of morocco. all the animals were infected by at least one helminth species. habronema muscae occurred in 95.8%, h. majus in 75.6% and trichostrongylus axei in 80.9% of horses. polyparasitism was observed in 93.6% of horses. both for habronema sp. and t. axei the peak worm burden was observed in november and minimum in june. the infection pattern of habronema spp. was directly related to the ... | 1981 | 6456299 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against cutaneous draschia and habronema infection (summer sores) in horses. | thirty-one horses with naturally occurring summer sores were given a single im injection of 0.2 mg of ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin b1)/kg during the summer of 1980. larvae of draschia and/or habronema spp were recovered from biopsy samples taken from 21 of 25 horses (84%) on the day of anthelmintic treatment. there was a marked clinical improvement in 26 horses (84%) 7 days after ivermectin was given. the typical summer sore was replaced by healthy pink granulation tissue at 7 days and th ... | 1981 | 6461283 |
| anthelmintic activity of paste and drench formulations of oxfendazole in horses. | oxfendazole was administered in paste or drench formulations to groups of five horses carrying naturally acquired worm burdens. at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg the efficacy of either formulation appeared similar. one hundred per cent of the adult populations of the following genera was removed: parascaris, oxyuris, strongylus (s edentatus, s vulgaris), triodontophorus and trichostrongylus axei. efficacy against adult small strongyles, adult habronema microstoma and immature oxyuris equi was in the re ... | 1981 | 6461963 |
| studies on the parasites of zebras. 1. nematodes of the burchell's zebra in the kruger national park. | nineteen species of gastro-intestinal nematodes were recovered from 10 burchell's zebra. these include: cyathostomum alveatum, c. montgomeryi and c. tetracanthum; cylicocyclus auriculatus, c. gyalocephaloides, c. insigne and c. triramosus; cylicodontophorus schürmanni and cylicodontophorus n.sp., cylicostephanus bidentatus, c. calicatus and c. minutus; poteriostomum ratzii, craterostomum acuticaudatum, triodontophorus minor, habronema majus, h. muscae, h. zebrae, and draschia megastoma, as well ... | 1983 | 6634083 |
| studies on the parasites of zebras. iii nematodes of the mountain zebra from the farm "kelpie" and the namib-naukluft park, south west africa/namibia. | twelve mountain zebra which were culled at monthly intervals on the farm " kelpie " in south west africa/namibia were examined for helminths. the zebras varied in age from 2-15 years, the middle group of which, aged 4-7 years, had the highest worm burdens. fourteen species of nematodes belonging to the families atractidae , strongylidae , oxyuridae , setariidae and spiruridae were recovered. the highest worm burdens were those of crossocephalus sp. with 692-61 066 680 and probstmayria vivipara w ... | 1983 | 6676691 |
| critical tests in equids with fenbendazole alone or combined with piperazine: particular reference to activity on benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles. | seven critical tests in equids were conducted with single doses of fenbendazole (5 mg kg-1) alone (panacur--american hoechst, somerville, nj); (2 tests with paste and 1 with suspension formulation) or in combination with piperazine (american hoechst); (40 mg base kg-1); (4 tests with paste formulation). the main purpose of the tests was evaluation of activity against benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles (cyathostomum catinatum, cyathostomum coronatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus g ... | 1983 | 6683041 |
| ivermectin as an antiparasitic agent in horses. | ivermectin, described as 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1, was the compound chosen from the avermectin group of compounds for development as an antiparasitic agent in horses. a review of the literature indicates that parenteral administration in horses at 200 microgram/kg body mass is highly effective against the strongyles strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus and triodontophorus spp., and adult and immature cyathostomes, including strains resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics. other nematodes ... | 1982 | 6750120 |
| parasites in kentucky thoroughbreds at necropsy: emphasis on stomach worms and tapeworms. | a total of 363 thoroughbreds (62 males, 292 females, and 9 geldings), 1 to 26 years of age, were examined at necropsy for internal parasites for about a 12-month period from february 1981 through february 1982. emphasis was on examining the stomach for nematodes and the small intestine and cecum for tapeworms. parasites recovered from the stomach and infection rates were: habronema spp--immature (24%), h muscae--adult (38%), draschia megastoma--immature (13%), d megastoma--adult (62%), and trich ... | 1983 | 6869991 |
| efficacy of ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin b1) against gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | the controlled test method was used to evaluate the antiparasitic efficacy of im inoculated 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1 (ivermectin) against gastrointestinal parasites of horses (ponies). parasite infections were naturally acquired in southern louisiana. dose levels of the drug tested were 0.2 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, and 0.5 mg/kg. ivermectin at all dose levels tested had an efficacy greater than 97% (p less than 0.05) against gasterophilus intestinalis larvae, trichostrongylus axei, oxyuris equi larva ... | 1980 | 6894221 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin given intramuscularly in horses. | the anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was evaluated in 18 female horses with naturally acquired parasitic infections. horses were treated once (im) with vehicle only (n = 6), 200 microgram/kg of body weight (n = 6), and 300 microgram/kg (n = 6). efficacy of both dosages of ivermectin was greater than 99% against gasterophilus spp, 100% against trichostrongylus axei, habronema muscae, h majus, and draschia megastoma, 98% to 99% against adult cyathostomes, 86% to 97% against 4th-stage cyathostom ... | 1982 | 6896407 |
| efficacy of injectable and oral paste formulations of ivermectin against gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was used in ponies to compare the antiparasitic efficacy of ivermectin (22,23-dihydro-avermectin b1) in an injectable micelle solution administered im with the efficacy of the same drug in an oral paste formulation. parasite infections were naturally acquired in southern louisiana. the drug was tested in both formulations at a dosage level of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. ivermectin in both formulations tested had an efficacy greater than 98% against gasterophilus intestinalis and ... | 1982 | 6896613 |
| a critical efficacy test of cambendazole in equids: the use of the geometric means to assess efficacy. | the anthelmintic efficacy of a 44.5% paste formulation of cambendazole was evaluated in a critical trial performed on 5 horses and a donkey. a dosage of 20 mg/kg showed reduction of mean parasite burdens as follows: strongylinae greater than 99%; cyathostominae 94%; immature and adult oxyuris equi 89 and greater than 99%; probstmayria vivipara greater than 99% and habronema muscae 97%. parascaris equorum and anoplocephala perfoliata were present in small numbers in individual animals only, and w ... | 1980 | 7017145 |
| seasonal incidence of helminths in the burchell's zebra. | ten burchell's zebras were culled in conjunction with the kruger national park's game management programme. the colts ranged in age from 9-17 months and the stallions from 2 1/2-23 years. the gastro-intestinal tract and the abdominal cavity were examined for helminths. the principal families of nematodes recovered included the atractidae, strongylidae and spiruridae. the atractidae included crossocephalus and probstmayria; the strongylidae 2 subfamilies, cyathostominae and strongylinae, and the ... | 1982 | 7177583 |
| anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole in equines. | a single oral dose of fenbendazole (fbz) at 10mg/kg body mass was given to 5 donkeys. a further 5 donkeys were dosed with a medicated lick (1 mg fbz/g lick) until the oral consumption was 10mg/kg body mass. in both trials fbz was highly effective against adults of the following genera: cyathostomum, cylicocyelus, cylicostephanus, cylicodontophorus, poteriostomum, cabellonema, craterostomum and triodontophorus; similarly high efficiency was obtained against the following species: habronema majus, ... | 1980 | 7241490 |
| haloxon: critical tests of antiparasitic activity in equids. | critical tests were conducted in 14 naturally infected equids (13 horses and 1 pony) to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of haloxon. single doses were administered by stomach tube to 3 horses and 1 pony (60 mg/kg of body weight), by addition to the feed of 3 horses (60 mg/kg), and intraorally by powder gun to 7 horses (65 mg/kg). haloxon was efficacious (99% to 100%) against infections of parascaris equorum, oxyuris equi (mature and immature), and strongylus vulgaris at both dosage levels. pr ... | 1981 | 7283234 |
| critical tests of new benzothiazole anthelmintic tioxidazole in the horse. | the basic-dose confirmation tests of tioxidazole for removal of susceptible populations of gastrointestinal parasites of the horse were made in 10 naturally infected horses, using the critical test method (experiment a). a single dose of toxidazole, given at the rate of 11 mg/kg of body weight, was administered to 5 horses by stomach tube and to 5 horses by mixing the drug with the daily grain ration. in the 5 horses given the drug by stomach tube, aggregate average removals were 90% or more for ... | 1980 | 7447131 |
| the anthelmintic activity and toxicity of 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos) in equines. | dichlorvos in a special slow release formulation at 31 mg/kg body mass in equines was highly effective against all adult strongyles and oxyuris equi, parascaris equorum, probstmayria vivipara and bots of gasterophilus spp. it has no effect on 4th stage larvae of trichonema ssp. nor the stomach worms draschia megastoma and habronema spp. doses of dichlorovos 10 and 20 times the therapeutic dose (310 and 620 mg/kg body mass) caused transient clinical signs but these disappeared 96 hours after dosi ... | 1980 | 7452653 |
| the prevalence and epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of horses in victoria, australia. | a quantitative post mortem study of 150 horses from victoria was conducted to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites. a total of 42 species of metazoan parasite was found. the following species of non-cyathostome parasite were found (% prevalence): trichostrongylus axei (51%); habronema muscae (13%); h. majus (2%); draschia megastoma (5%); gastreophilus intestinalis (81%); g. nasalis (29%); parascaris equorum (5%); anoplocephala perfoliata (29%); fasciola hepatic ... | 1995 | 7657457 |
| the prevalence and abundance of internal parasites in working horses autopsied in poland. | the digestive tracts of 50 working horses from private farms in poland were examined. thirty-seven nematode species, two tapeworm species and one species of botfly were recovered. the most prevalent small strongyle species were cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus goldi, cylicostephanus longibursatus, cyathostomum coronatum, cylicostephanus calicatus, cylicocyclus leptostomus and cylicostephanus minutus. thirteen cyathostome species showed a site preference in the ventr ... | 1995 | 7676606 |
| transmission of some species of internal parasites in horses born in 1990, 1991, and 1992 in the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. | studies were conducted on transmission of natural infections of several species of internal parasites in horses born and kept on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. data for the first year (1989) of a 4 year study on this farm have been published recently. the present research represents the second (1990), third (1991), and fourth (1992) years of the investigation. the number of animals (n = 28) examined varied from eight born in 1990 to ten each born in 1991 and 1992. for each year, ... | 1994 | 8073609 |
| comparative efficacy of moxidectin and ivermectin against hypobiotic and encysted cyathostomes and other equine parasites. | efficacies of moxidectin and ivermectin were compared in four groups of eight ponies with natural parasite infections: placebo (control), oral moxidectin gel at 0.3 mg kg-1 of body weight (mox 0.3), oral moxidectin gel at 0.4 mg kg-1 of body weight (mox 0.4), and oral ivermectin paste at 0.2 mg kg-1 of body weight (ivermectin). fecal samples were taken 0 and 2 weeks after treatment. animals were necropsied and worms were collected 2 weeks after treatment. moxidectin and ivermectin showed similar ... | 1994 | 8091622 |
| stomach parasites of donkeys in morocco: habitat and interspecific interactions. | one hundred and four donkeys originating from several regions of morocco were necropsied during 1 year. the parasites in their stomachs were counted and locations determined in the cardiac, fundic and pyloric portions. synergistic or antagonistic interactions between parasites were assessed by a principal component analysis. gasterophilus intestinalis was only found in the cardiac portion and g. nasalis was mostly found in the pyloric portion. habronema were principally encountered in the pylori ... | 1993 | 8249256 |
| comparison of moxidectin oral gel and ivermectin oral paste against a spectrum of internal parasites of ponies with special attention to encysted cyathostome larvae. | two dosages of moxidectin oral gel were evaluated and compared to a therapeutic dose of ivermectin oral paste in the control of a spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites of ponies naturally infected in southern louisiana or mississippi. thirty-two mixed-breed ponies ranging in age from one to 21 years were used in this controlled test. eight weeks prior to the experiment, ponies grazing on contaminated pasture were moved to a paddock and fed a pelleted ration, thus reducing or eliminating the pot ... | 1996 | 8966989 |
| study on the gastrointestinal parasite fauna of ponies in northern germany. | quantitative faecal and post-mortem examinations of 16 ponies, 1 to 2 1/2 years of age, originating from 3 farms in northern germany were performed in february 1995 to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in these animals. a total of 33 species of metazoan parasites was recovered: three tapeworm species (anoplocephala perfoliata, a. magna, paranoplocephala mamillana), strongylus vulgaris, s. edentatus, small strongyles (including four triodontophorus spp., cratero ... | 1996 | 9060170 |
| occurrence of gasterophilus intestinalis and some parasitic nematodes of horses in sweden. | a survey was performed on the occurrence of some internal parasites in 461 horses (1-30 years old) slaughtered from october 1992 to september 1993 at the linköping abattoir in central sweden. macroscopical examination was carried out specifically for parasites of the tear ducts and conjunctival sacs of the eyes, and of selected parts of the alimentary tract and cardio-vascular system. the following parasites were found in selected parts of the large intestine: encapsulated cyathostome larvae (in ... | 1997 | 9257451 |
| parasites of stomach and small intestine of 70 horses slaughtered in the netherlands. | the prevalence of metazoan parasites in the stomach and small intestine was investigated in 70 horses slaughtered in the period february 1994-july 1994. most horses were young (1.5-3 years) and in good condition. trichostrongylus axei was the most prevalent parasite species in the stomach (51.4%), followed by gasterophilus intestinalis (41.4%) and habronema spp. (4.3%). in the small intestine, parascaris equorum (28.6%) and paranoplocephala mamillana (1.4%) were found. the mean worm burden of t. ... | 1998 | 9477534 |
| efficacy of moxidectin 2% equine gel against natural nematode infections in ponies. | the efficacy of moxidectin 2% oral gel (equest, fort-dodge) against european worm strains was studied through post-mortem worm counts and feacal egg counts (fecs) in 12 young ponies naturally infected. the animals were allocated in two groups of six ponies each: the first one was treated at 0.4 mg/kg b.w. and the second one received a placebo and served as control. all the ponies were necropsied 14 days post-treatment. the efficacy of moxidectin in reducing strongyle fecs ranged from 99.8% to 10 ... | 1998 | 9493313 |
| efficacy of a 2 per cent moxidectin gel against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | the efficacy of moxidectin was evaluated in young ponies naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites. eight animals were treated orally with moxidectin at 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight and eight received only the vehicle. they were all necropsied two weeks later. faecal samples were examined daily for egg counts and larval cultures. parasites were recovered from total faecal samples collected daily and from the gastrointestinal tracts at necropsy. moxidectin reduced the strongyle egg counts by > 9 ... | 1998 | 9854319 |
| comparative efficacy evaluation of moxidectin gel and ivermectin paste against internal parasites of equines in brazil. | a total of 24 male and female equines of mixed breed, 10-20 months of age and naturally infected with internal parasites was utilized in a controlled test to evaluate the efficacy of a moxidectin 2% gel formulation at the dosage of 0.4 mg moxidectin per kg of live weight and an ivermectin 1.87% commercial paste formulation at the dosage 0.2 mg ivermectin per kg applied orally. animals were allocated into three groups of eight horses each based on pre-treatment eggs per gram (epg) counts and trea ... | 1998 | 9877068 |
| parasites and parasite stages of free-ranging wild lions (panthera leo) of northern tanzania. | fecal samples from 33 lions (panthera leo) in serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater conservation area in northern tanzania contained 19 different parasites, 12 of which, including aelurostrongylus sp., a species of acanthocephala, a species of anoplocephalidae, capillaria sp., demodex sp., eimeria sp., habronema sp., isospora felis, isospora rivolta, one species of isospora that was previously undescribed from lions, one species of trematoda that was previously undescribed from lions, an ... | 2000 | 10884125 |
| re-evaluation of ivermectin efficacy against equine gastrointestinal parasites. | two trials were conducted to confirm the efficacy of ivermectin paste against endoparasites of horses. in these trials, 20 ponies were treated with ivermectin oral paste at 200 mcg x kg body weight once on day 0, and 20 ponies served as unmedicated controls. the animals carried naturally acquired parasite infections as confirmed by pretrial fecal examination. the animals were necropsied for worm recovery on days 14, 15 or 16. parasites recovered were identified to species. horses treated with iv ... | 2001 | 11423189 |
| [development, intermediary host and structure of porrocaecum talpae, porrocaecum ensicaudatum and habronema mansoni (nematodes)]. | | 1955 | 13257537 |
| specific identification of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (spirurida, habronematidae) by pcr using markers in ribosomal dna. | gastric or cutaneous habronemosis caused by habronema microstoma creplin, 1849 and habronema muscae carter, 1865 is a parasitic disease of equids transmitted by muscid flies. there is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of this disease, which is mainly due to limitations with diagnosis in the live animal and with the identification of the parasites in the intermediate hosts. to overcome such limitations, a molecular approach, based on the use of genetic markers in the second internal tr ... | 2004 | 15271381 |
| semi-nested pcr for the specific detection of habronema microstoma or habronema muscae dna in horse faeces. | habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (spirurida: habronematidae) are parasitic nematodes which infect the stomach and/or skin of equids. the accurate diagnosis of gastric habronemosis is central to studying its epidemiology, but data on its distribution and prevalence are lacking, mainly due to the limitations of clinical and coprological diagnosis in live horses. to overcome this constraint, a two-step, semi-nested pcr-based assay was validated (utilizing genetic markers in the nuclear rib ... | 2004 | 15648696 |
| gastrointestinal parasitic worms in equines in the paraíba valley, state of são paulo, brazil. | over a period of 12 years, from 1988 to 2000, a total of 20 individual equines (16 horses and 4 mules) were selected at random, from 10 municipalities in the paraíba valley, in the state of são paulo, brazil, and then subjected to necropsy for collection of gastrointestinal worms. individual samples of 10% of the intestinal contents were also taken for counting and identifying the species present, and to establish the prevalence of worms in equine species in the paraíba valley. in the sample con ... | 2006 | 16687215 |
| molecular cross-sectional survey of gastric habronemosis in horses. | gastric habronemosis of horses caused by habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (nematoda, spirurida) is characterized by catarrhal gastritis, diarrhoea, progressive weight loss and ulcers. despite its importance in the equine industry and in clinical practice, knowledge of the epidemiology of this infection is still incomplete as diagnosis in live animals is challenging. a two-step semi-nested pcr assay using ribosomal dna (rdna) markers has recently been used for the molecular diagnosis in ... | 2006 | 16797849 |
| first description of the horse stomach worm, habronema muscae (spirurida: habronematidae) by scanning electron microscopy. | habronema muscae (spirurida: habronematidae) occurs in the stomach of equids, is transmitted by adult muscid dipterans and causes gastric habronemiasis. scanning electron microscopy (sem) was used to study the morphological aspects of adult worms of this nematode in detail. the worms possess two trilobed lateral lips. the buccal cavity was cylindrical, with thick walls and without teeth. around the mouth, four submedian cephalic papillae and two amphids were seen. a pair of lateral cervical papi ... | 2007 | 17318578 |
| first sem observations on adult habronema microstoma (spirurida: habronematidae), a parasite of the horse. | habronema microstoma (spirurida: habronematidae) is found in the stomach of equines and uses the stable fly as its intermediate host. this nematode causes pathogenic effects in the stomach wall, skin and eye of the host. the present study reports the morphological features of adult worms, using scanning electron microscopy (sem). the worms had two bilobed lateral lips surrounding the mouth. the buccal vestibule was markedly thickened, and two tridentate teeth were observed. around the mouth, fou ... | 2007 | 17487511 |
| the comparative morphology of three equine habronematid nematodes: sem observations. | drashia megastoma rudolphi, 1819, habronema muscae carter, 1861 and habronema microstoma schneider, 1866 are found in the stomach of equine definitive hosts and are known to cause pathogenic effects in the stomach wall, skin, eye and occasionally other sites. these nematodes utilise either house flies or stable flies as their intermediate hosts. apart from molecular findings that have demonstrated some of the differences between h. muscae and h. microstoma, no detailed morphological description ... | 2007 | 17610080 |
| the life history of a parasitic nematode--habronema muscae. | | 1911 | 17790325 |
| molecular diagnosis of equid summer sores. | equine cutaneous habronemosis, also known as "summer sores", is a parasitic infection caused by larvae of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (nematoda, spirurida) released by dung-inhabiting fly vectors on abraded skin, skin wounds or muco-cutaneous transition sites. larvae induce a local inflammatory reaction characterised by itching, granulomatous, ulcerated and, often non-healing, lesions. the diagnosis of summer sores may be unreliable mainly because of the limits of clinical and micr ... | 2007 | 17904746 |
| identification of the intermediate hosts of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae under field conditions. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was used for the specific detection of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (nematoda, spirurida) in order to identify the intermediate hosts of both nematode species under field conditions. a total of 1087 netted and 165 laboratory-bred flies were tested. flies were identified as musca domestica linnaeus 1758, musca autumnalis de geer 1776, haematobia irritans (linnaeus 1758), haematobia titillans (de geer 1907) and stomoxys calcitrans (linnaeu ... | 2008 | 18816277 |
| phylogenetic relationships of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (spirurida: habronematidae) within the order spirurida inferred using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene analysis. | the present study investigated genetic variability within a population of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (spirurida: habronematidae) affecting horses in an endemic area of central italy using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-coupled sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1). no different cox1 sequences were detected in any of the h. muscae individual, while two haplotypes representing h. microstoma individuals differed for one substitution. the pairwise ... | 2009 | 19057927 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of working donkeys of ethiopia. | the general prevalence and population composition of gastrointestinal and pulmonary helminths of working donkeys were studied. for the purpose 2935 working donkeys were coprologically examined for nematode and cestode, and 215 donkeys for trematode infections. seven donkeys that died due to various health problems or were euthanased on a welfare ground were necropsied and the parasites were recovered and identified to the species level. the study was conducted during the periods 1996-1999.coprol ... | 2010 | 19548106 |
| [occurrence of nematodes in horses from the northern region, state of tocantins, brazil]. | the occurrence of nematodes in horses of northern region, state of tocantins was studied. fecal samples were collected from 70 horses and 31 donkeys, in a total of 101 animals of different ages, in the municipalities of nova olinda, araguanã, babaçulândia and santa tereza. fecal examination was carried out for counting of eggs per gram of faeces, identification and quantification of larvae, diagnosis of habronemosis and lungworms. significant occurrence of large and small strongyles and dictyoca ... | 2008 | 20059843 |
| [habronemosis]. | | 1946 | 20275963 |
| cutaneous periocular habronema infection in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 6-year-old castrated dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) presented with a non-healing, severely pruritic, ulcerative fibrotic plaque located at the medial canthus. histological examination of surgical biopsies identified degenerating nematode larvae within eosinophilic granulomas. treatment involved repeated debridement of the lesion, injectable ivermectin and anti-inflammatory therapies, and injectable and topical antibiotics. a specially constructed mask with goggles to prevent the camel f ... | 2010 | 20500499 |
| cutaneous and pulmonal habronemosis transmitted by musca domestica in a stable in the united arab emirates. | nematode larvae found in histological cuts of lung tissue of a horse from a farm in al dhaid (uae) were determined to belong to the habronematidae family. the clinical examination of the other 18 horses present in the farm revealed summer sores (cutaneous habronemosis) in two stallions. nematode larvae were found in 147 (=26.2%) out of 561 male but only in 64 (=8.7%) out of 739 female musca domestica caught at the farm in november and december 2008. conversely, all 15 stomoxys calcitrans specime ... | 2010 | 20728277 |
| morphology of the infective larval stage of the equid parasite habronema muscae (spirurida: habronematidae), from houseflies (musca domestica). | the infective larva of the spirurid nematode habronema muscae, a parasite of houseflies, was measured and specimens fixed in karnovsky's fluid were examined by scanning electron microscopy. the oral opening contains six teeth and is surrounded by large bilobed dorsal and ventral lips and smaller lateral lips. a pair of amphids lie behind the lateral lips. there are two rows of four cephalic papillae. the body is deeply ridged, both transversely and longitudinally. the caudal end of the worm is s ... | 2010 | 20949282 |
| [not available]. | | 1945 | 21014757 |
| field study on the efficacy of an oral 2% ivermectin formulation in horses. | twenty horses naturally infected with nematodes were included in a blind, controlled field study on efficacy and safety of an oral 2% ivermectin formulation at a dose of 0.2 mg.kg(-1). horses were divided into treated and non-treated (control) groups with ten animals each based on preliminary counts of eggs per gram of feces (epg). stool samples were collected after treatment for identification of nematode species. clinical evaluations and epg counts were performed on days 0, +5, +14 and +19. ni ... | 2011 | 21722495 |