| aerospora of an eragrostis curvula pasture in south africa. | a qualitative and quantitative survey was made of the aerospora above an eragrostis curvula (schrad.) nees pasture. the pasture, which lay adjacent to a field of panicum coloratum l. where an outbread of ovine photosensitivity had occurred, was not grazed during the survey. a burkard volumetric spore trap was used to sample the aerospora continuously for 10 months. twenty components of the aerospora were recognized: spores of 9 genera of fungi (cladosporium, alternaria, epicoccum, drechslera, pi ... | 1979 | 460819 |
| [photosensitization in cattle grazing on pastures of brahciaria decumbens stapf infested with pithomyces chartarum (berk. & curt.) m.b. ellis]. | aspects of photosensitization in bovines grazing on pastures of brachiaria decumbens stapf infested with pithomyces chartarum (berk. & curt.) m.b. ellis infested all pastures 45(2):117-136, 1978. this paper reports experimental studies on photosensitization in bovines grazing on different pastures of brachiaria decumbens stapf in the "cerrados" region (planaltina, df). climatic conditions, zinc content and occurence of fungi on pastures were investigated. pithomyces chartarum (berk. & curt.) m.b ... | 1978 | 573108 |
| high-performance liquid chromatography of the mycotoxin, sporidesmin, from pithomyces chartarum (berk. & curt.) m.b. ellis. | | 1979 | 575539 |
| the oxidation of terminal d-galactofuranose residues of a galactan and a glycoprotein by a d-galactose oxidase preparation from dactylium dendroides. | a galactan, isolated from the unicellular organism prototheca zopfii, and a glycoprotein from a hyphal cell-wall fraction of the fungus pithomyces chartarum have been oxidised by a d-galactose oxidase preparation from dactylium dendroides. the oxidised polymers were subsequently reduced with sodium borotritide. the site of oxidation was identified as c-6 of non-reducing d-galactofuranosyl residues in both polymers. | 1976 | 986873 |
| fungal air spora at ibadan, nigeria. | the fungal air spora at ibadan, nigeria, was investigated by using casella slit samplers. three sites, incorporating three locations at each site, were selected for the exposure of replicate plates during sampling. to provide data on a wide range of saprophytic and pathogenic fungal spores, isolations were made on sabouraud dextrose agar and malt agar plates incubated at 26 and 37 c. altogether over 60,000 fungal colonies were isolated and counted during the 12-month sampling period. the prevale ... | 1975 | 1124919 |
| fungi on narthecium ossifragum leaves and their possible involvement in alveld disease of norwegian lambs. | spores of pithomyces chartarum (berk. & curt.) m.b. ellis were only rarely seen on leaves of narthecium ossifragum (l.) hudson collected in summer from five areas in western norway in which alveld, a photosensitization disease of lambs, is endemic. cladosporium magnusianum (jaap) m.b. ellis was found on all 118 leaf samples collected in the summers of 1990 and 1991. the hypothesis that p. chartarum contributes to the aetiology of alveld could not be supported, but it is possible that c. magnusia ... | 1992 | 1496813 |
| postcollection enhancement of mycotoxins and postharvest handling of samples. | postcollection enhancement of mycotoxins in food samples can occur extremely rapidly at moisture levels above 13-13.5%. the "storage fungi," principally the genera aspergillus and penicillium, are capable of rapid growth and potential mycotoxin production at specific moisture levels from 13.5 to 18-20% moisture, whereas "field fungi," such as the genera fusarium and pithomyces, may become the predominant species and produce their characteristic mycotoxins at higher moisture levels. moisture cont ... | 1990 | 2123928 |
| ecotoxinogenesis of pithomyces chartarum. | facial eczema is a hepatogenous photosensitivity mycotoxicosis resulting from sporidesmin ingestion. the morphological characters of toxigenic strains of p. chartarum are reported and the effect of temperature on growth and mycotoxin production are studied. the temperature range for which there is an actual risk of toxin accumulation (20-25 degrees c) is much narrower than for an appreciable growth (5-30 degrees c). | 1990 | 2262033 |
| liver enzyme changes in a guinea-pig model of facial eczema (sporidesmiotoxicosis). | sporidesmin, a hepatotoxin from pithomyces chartarum, is responsible for facial eczema in ruminants. in an attempt to clarify the biochemical processes supporting sporidesmin toxicity and response of the liver, haematology, plasma biochemistry and liver enzyme changes were monitored for 21 days in a model for facial eczema resulting from a single intraperitoneal injection of 2.8 mg/kg bw sporidesmin to guinea pigs. most plasma disturbances were observed 8 days after administration and accounted ... | 1989 | 2570691 |
| pithomyces chartarum spore counts in rumen contents and faeces of sheep exposed to autumn pasture at three different grazing pressures. | three groups, each of 18 lambs were grazed during autumn in paddocks which had been divided longitudinally by temporary fencing to give twofold differences in grazing intensity between the groups. during the period when spore numbers were elevated the high grazing pressure (hgp) group lost some body weight (-34 g/day). the low grazing pressure (lgp) group gained +90 g/day and the intermediate grazing pressure (igp) group gained weight slightly (+14 g/day). there were two spore rises during the e ... | 1987 | 3624776 |
| effect of 2-substituted benzimidazoles on the fungus pithomyces chartarum. | | 1973 | 4737369 |
| absence of sporidesmin in a texas isolate of pithomyces chartarum. | | 1974 | 4833111 |
| ribonucleotide reductase of pithomyces chartarum: requirement for b12 coenzyme. | | 1974 | 4857886 |
| [mycotoxins. ii. mycotoxins of penicillium spp., fusarium spp., stachybotrys atra, pithomyces chartarum and other fungi]. | | 1968 | 4916833 |
| pithomyces chartarum, a mycotoxin-producing fungus, isolated from seed and fruit in oregon. | | 1971 | 5165830 |
| sporidesmin production and sporulation in pithomyces chartarum. | | 1970 | 5531450 |
| isolation of pithomyces chartarum in texas. | | 1968 | 5691593 |
| components of the spore wall of pithomyces chartarum. | | 1966 | 5950100 |
| the spore-surface depsipeptide of pithomyces sacchari. | | 1967 | 6067680 |
| effects of stereoisomeric isoleucines on sporidesmolide biosynthesis by pithomyces chartarum. | | 1967 | 6068187 |
| kwashiorkor. | kwashiorkor kills millions of young children in the tropical third world. it was believed to be a disease of protein starvation. the medical team headed by professor ralph henrickse of the liverpool school of tropical medicine has discovered that aflatoxin, a fungus toxin, may be the triggering factor in this disease which also impairs liver function. in new zealand, we have a pasture fungus, the spores of which produce a liver toxin that has killed millions of animals this century and impaired ... | 1984 | 6493086 |
| evaluation of indoor plantings as allergen exposure sources. | the role of indoor plantings as allergen sources was assessed by direct sampling of interior air. homes with 10 or more plants in one room and three university of michigan greenhouses were studied by means of a dc-powered rotorod and separate andersen viable sampler collections incubated at 23 degrees and 50 degrees c. sequential 30 and 60 sec andersen samples were obtained during 15 min rotorod collections before and during watering of plants as well as during disturbance of foliage by a small ... | 1982 | 7096819 |
| photosensitivity in south africa. ii. the experimental production of the ovine hepatogenous photosensitivity disease geeldikkop (tribulosis ovis) by the simultaneous ingestion of tribulus terrestris plants and cultures of pithomyces chartarum containing the mycotoxin sporidesmin. | the mycoflora of toxic pastures were surveyed during a number of outbreaks of ovine hepatogenous photosensitivity in south africa. pure cultures of several isolates were dosed to sheep, but only those of pithomyces chartarum and myrothecium verrucaria proved to be toxic. photosensitization was induced in sheep by dosing them with cultures of a p. chartarum isolate (ga10) obtained from tribulus terrestris plants collected during an outbreak of geeldikkop in the karoo. thus for the first time a me ... | 1980 | 7194997 |
| absence of sporidesmin production by twelve texas isolates of pithomyces spp. | twelve isolates of pithomyces spp. from texas were tested for sporidesmin toxin production, using both high-performance and thin-layer chromatography techniques. none of the texas isolates produced the toxin under the conditions used. a control toxigenic new zealand isolate, pithomyces chartarum strain c, was grown simultaneously under the conditions tested and was found to produce sporidesmin in all cases. | 1981 | 7224622 |
| photosensitization associated with exposure to pithomyces chartarum in lambs. | an epidemic of photosensitization was observed in a group of lambs on irrigated autumn pasture in western oregon. signs included crusting, necrosis, and sloughing of the skin over the nostrils, lips, and ears, and of the mucous membranes of the buccal regions. microscopic examination of plant material from the pasture disclosed spores of pithomyces chartarum. this fungus has been documented as a causal factor in photosensitization in sheep and cattle (facial eczema) in other parts of the world. ... | 1994 | 8050952 |
| interaction of sporidesmin, a mycotoxin from pithomyces chartarum, with lipid bilayers. | sporidesmin, a mycotoxin from pithomyces chartarum is a hydrophobic molecule. it can therefore be easily incorporated in the cell membrane, where it is likely to cause changes in the bilayer organization and the properties of membrane proteins. in order to understand the redox behaviour of sporidesmin in a hydrophobic environment, we have investigated the effects of oxidized and reduced sporidesmin on the phase transition properties of bilayers and on the susceptibility of bilayers to pancreatic ... | 1993 | 8305634 |
| hepatogenous photosensitization of ruminants by brachiaria decumbens and panicum dichotomiflorum in the absence of sporidesmin: lithogenic saponins may be responsible. | as part of a study of plants involved in crystal-associated hepatogenous photosensitization diseases, samples of brachiaria decumbens and panicum dichotomiflorum on which cattle and goats had recently been photosensitized were analyzed. the level of saponins associated with these photosensitization outbreaks were determined by gc-ms. only low levels of pithomyces chartarum spores were present on the b decumbens, and all isolates obtained failed to produce sporidesmin. | 1996 | 8829344 |
| biological control of sporidesmin-producing strains of pithomyces chartarum by biocompetitive exclusion. | the feasibility of using atoxigenic strains of pithomyces chartarum for the biological control of toxigenic strains of p. chartarum was examined. pasture, treated with atoxigenic strains of p. chartarum, contained up to 80% less sporidesmin than found in untreated pasture. maximum sporidesmin levels of 26 ng g-1 grass in treated pasture and 113 ng g-1 grass in untreated pasture (means of 24 and four plots, respectively) were recorded 14 weeks after treatment, when spore numbers had reached a max ... | 1998 | 9489029 |
| metal complexes of sporidesmin d and dimethylgliotoxin, investigated by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. | electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (es-ms) has been used to probe the coordination chemistry of metabolites such as sporidesmin d (spdd), found in the saprophytic fungus pithomyces chartarum, and the related bisdethiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin (dimethylgliotoxin, megtx). spdd forms complexes of the type [spdd+m(mecn)] and [2spdd+m]+ (m=cu, ag) and, at higher cone voltages, [spdd+m]+. the bis(ligand) ion [2spdd+m]+ was observed at very high cone voltages, indicating it has appreciable stabil ... | 2001 | 11374585 |
| correlation of spring spore concentrations and meteorological conditions in tulsa, oklahoma. | different spore types are abundant in the atmosphere depending on the weather conditions. ascospores generally follow precipitation, while spore types such as alternaria and cladosporium are abundant in dry conditions. this project attempted to correlate fungal spore concentrations with meteorological data from tulsa, oklahoma during may 1998 and may 1999. air samples were collected and analyzed by the 12-traverse method. the spore types included were cladosporium, alternaria, epicoccum, curvula ... | 2001 | 11513049 |
| effects of meteorological conditions on spore plumes. | fungal spores are an ever-present component of the atmosphere, and have long been known to trigger asthma and hay fever symptoms in sensitive individuals. the atmosphere around tulsa has been monitored for airborne spores and pollen with burkard spore traps at several sampling stations. this study involved the examination of the hourly spore concentrations on days that had average daily concentrations near 50,000 spores/m(3) or greater. hourly concentrations of cladosporium, alternaria, epicoccu ... | 2002 | 12194003 |
| in vitro susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi: comparison of etest and reference m38-a microdilution methods for determining posaconazole mics. | the performance of the etest for posaconazole susceptibility testing of 72 isolates of filamentous fungi was assessed in comparison with the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) approved standard broth microdilution method (m38-a). the nccls method employed rpmi 1640 broth medium, and mics were read after incubation for 48h at 35 degrees c. etest mics were determined with rpmi agar containing 2% glucose and were read after incubation for 48h at 35 degrees c. the isolates ... | 2003 | 12729993 |
| the production of sporidesmin and sporidesmolides by pithomyces chartarum. | | 1961 | 13887203 |
| further study of the lipids from pithomyces chartarum (sporidesmium bakeri) and related fungi. | | 1962 | 13905019 |
| the spore surface in pithomyces chartarum. | | 1963 | 14058988 |
| preparation and properties of a hyphal wall fraction from pithomyces chartarum. | | 1964 | 14195651 |
| spore surface depsipeptides in some pithomyces species. | | 1965 | 14287206 |
| fungal spores in the atmosphere of rzeszów (south-east poland). | continuous aerobiological monitoring has been conducted in rzeszów from 2000-2002, using the volumetric method. on each microscope slide 1 horizontal band was analyzed, divided into 24 fields corresponding to hours. for the analysis, 10 easy to identify fungal spores were chosen from ones regarded as allergenic: alternaria, botrytis, cladosporium, drechslera (type), epiccocum, ganoderma, pithomyces, polythrincium, stemphylium, and torula. the results were statistically tested using the chi2 test ... | 2004 | 15627338 |
| atmospheric concentrations of cladosporium spp. and alternaria spp. spores in zagreb (croatia) and effects of some meteorological factors. | the aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between meteorological conditions and alternaria and cladosporium spore concentrations in the air of zagreb in august 2002 and august 2003. these months were chosen because they represented climatic extremes. a 7-day vpps 2000 hirst volumetric pollen and spore trap was used for spore sampling. spores marked as 'others' (ascospores, basidiospores, epicoccum, ustilago, pithomyces, helminthosporium, stemphylium, torula, botrytis, didymella) were ... | 2004 | 15627341 |
| effects of species diversity on establishment and coexistence: a phylloplane fungal community model system. | a model system was devised, evaluating the influence that species diversity (species richness) has on fungal establishment and coexistence. seven members of the fungal phylloplane community of vaccinium macrocarpon (american cranberry) were selected to assess how species diversity affected development and coexistence of another community member, pestalotia vaccinii. pestalotia was engaged in competitive interactions on 1% malt extract agar (mea) petri dishes with each of the seven individual sap ... | 2004 | 15692863 |
| a regional comparison of mold spore concentrations outdoors and inside "clean" and "mold contaminated" southern california buildings. | a total of 625 buildings and outdoor locations in the san diego, california, area were monitored using the allergenco sampl-air mk-3 impaction sampler or the zefon air-o-cell slit bioaerosol cassette. locations were classified by rigid criteria as clean commercial, commercial with mold growth, clean residential, residential with water staining, and residential with mold growth. in addition, coastal and inland outdoor locations were measured. seven categories (total spores, ascospores/basidiospor ... | 2005 | 15764519 |
| zinc protection of hepg2 cells from sporidesmin toxicity does not require de novo gene transcription. | sporidesmin is an epidithiodioxopiperazine mycotoxin secreted by the saprophytic fungus pithomyces chartarum. ingestion of sporidesmin by ruminants grazing on the saprophyte infested pasture causes severe liver and bile duct damage leading to secondary photosensitisation. zinc supplementation is used as an effective prophylaxis against sporidesmin toxicity in ruminants, however, the mechanism by which zinc protects is unknown. this study used the human hepatoma cell line, hepg2, as a model to ex ... | 2005 | 16005584 |
| competition of a sporidesmin-producing pithomyces strain with a non-toxigenic pithomyces strain. | sporidesmin, a mycotoxin produced by some strains of pithomyces chartarum, is responsible for the hepatogenous photosensitisation disease facial eczema, which causes severe losses in agricultural revenue in new zealand. a sporidesmin-producing strain of p. chartarum, isolated in new zealand, was grown in co-culture with a south african strain that does not produce the mycotoxin. competition occurred between the two strains when grown both on agar plates and on dried ryegrass, with a significant ... | 1995 | 16031836 |
| lack of toxicity of a non-sporidesmin-producing strain of pithomyces chartarum in cell culture and when dosed to lambs. | in new zealand the fungus pithomyces charturum normally produces sporidesmin, a mycotoxin, which is responsible for the hepatogenous photosensitisation disease known as facial eczema. cultures from an isolate of p. charturum, which does not produce sporidesmin, were examined by cell culture and by dosing to lambs to determine whether other toxic metabolites were produced. acute and long term toxicity studies were conducted with the toxic response being assessed by weight changes, postmortem and ... | 1996 | 16031914 |
| effect of prior sporidesmin intoxication on the pancreopathy associated with zinc oxide toxicity. | to demonstrate the effect of prior sporidesmin-induced liver injury on the pancreopathy of zinc-induced toxicity. | 1999 | 16032063 |
| putative sporidesmin toxicity in an eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus). | a 2-year-old, captive, male eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) died after progressive weight loss over a 4 week period. biochemical analysis suggested hepatobiliary injury. at necropsy the liver was small, pale and firm. there were no abnormalities detected in other organs. histopathological examination revealed a severe, diffuse, obliterative cholangiohepatopathy with advanced periportal fibrosis. this chronic hepatotoxicity was consistent with exposure to sporidesmin, the toxic metabol ... | 2005 | 16315666 |
| regio-selective 10-hydroxylation of patchoulol, a sesquiterpene, by pithomyces species. | of some 350 microorganisms screened, four strains of pithomyces species were found to carry out regio-selective hydroxylation of patchoulol, a sesquiterpene, to 10-hydroxypatchoulol: pithomyces sp. nrj201, p. chartarum nrj210, and, to a lesser extent, p. cynodontis atcc 26150 and p. atro-olivaceus ifo 6651 were found to catalyze this reaction. a method has been developed by which 10-hydroxypatchoulol was obtained in 25 to 45% yields in 1- to 5-liter fermentation jars at 2 to 4 g of patchoulol pe ... | 1981 | 16345820 |
| pithomycotoxicosis (facial eczema) in ruminants in the azores, portugal. | outbreaks of pithomycotoxicosis (facial eczema), a hepatogenous photosensitisation caused by the mycotoxin sporidesmin, have affected ruminants in the azores islands of portugal after warm, humid periods during late summer and autumn. twenty-two outbreaks were recorded in cattle between 1999 and 2001, affecting 11.4 per cent of the animals in the affected herds, and in 2000 there was an outbreak in one sheep flock in which more than 20 per cent of the sheep died. the clinical signs included decr ... | 2005 | 16361474 |
| regulation of phytoalexin synthesis in jackbean callus cultures: stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and o-methyltransferase. | jackbean, canavalia ensiformis (l.), callus tissues synthesized the phytoalexin, medicarpin (3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan), when treated with spore suspensions of pithomyces chartarum (berk. and curt.) m. b. ellis, a nonpathogen of jackbean. medicarpin was isolated from treated callus tissue and identified by its ultraviolet and mass spectra. the minimum spore concentration found to elicit medicarpin synthesis after 26 hours was 1 x 10(5) spores/ml; levels of medicarpin in callus tissue increa ... | 1978 | 16660265 |
| measurement of personal exposure to outdoor aeromycota in northern new south wales, australia. | aerobiological sampling traditionally uses a volumetric spore trap located in a fixed position to estimate personal exposure to airborne fungi. in this study, the number and identity of fungi inhaled by human subjects (n=34), wearing intra-nasal air samplers (inass), was measured over 2-hour periods in an outdoor community setting, and compared to fungal counts made with a burkard spore trap and institute of occupational medicine personal filter air samplers (ioms). all sampling devices were in ... | 2006 | 17195994 |
| [first case of pithomycotoxicosis (facial eczema) in the netherlands]. | between mid september and the beginning of november 2005, the animal health service (ahs) received thirteen reports offarms on which several animals showed severe symptoms of solar eczema. blood chemistry showed very high levels of got/ast and ggt indicative of severe liver damage. farm visits to eight farms showed that the animals--previous to the start of the symptoms--had been grazing 24 hours/day and received no additional feed. ingestion of poisonous plants or medications was considered unl ... | 2006 | 17243449 |
| pathogenic fungal species isolated from leaves and seeds of smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss.). | authors made mycological investigations on smooth brome (bromus inermis leyss.) cultivar 'k51'. during the vegetation period presence and dominance of fungal species were revealed and seed infection rates were tested in two winter season. puccinia recondita, puccinia coronata, stagnospora bromi and drechslera dictyoides were dominated on the leaves, but saprotrophic fungal genera (alternaria, epicoccum, cladosporium, pithomyces) were also identified. considerable rate of seed infection were obse ... | 2006 | 17390865 |
| [putative mycotoxin-producing fungi isolated from alpataco (prosopis flexuosa) fruits]. | fungi contaminant of alpataco (prosopis flexuosa) fruits from la pampa province (argentina) were identified. alternaria alternata and sphaeropsis sapinea were the dominant species. phoma sp., nigrospora sp., preussia minima, cladosporium sp., pithomyces chartarum, epicoccum nigrum, aspergillus niger and aspergillus speluneus were also isolated but with less frequency. twelve strains of alternaria alternata, the toxigenic species with higher incidence, were screened for alternariol (aoh), alterna ... | 2007 | 17592896 |
| failure of zinc supplementation to prevent severe facial eczema in cattle fed excess copper. | a 400-cow dairy unit in the waikato suffered a severe outbreak of facial eczema (fe) despite consistent zinc supplementation and significantly elevated serum zinc concentrations. | 2007 | 18059656 |
| seasonal variability of culturable fungal genera in the house dust of inner-city residences. | house dust samples were collected up to six times over a 1-year period to explore seasonal variability of individual fungal genera in inner-city households in minneapolis, minnesota. general linear mixed-effects models were used to explore the variability of 13 fungal genera (cladosporium, yeasts, aureobasidium, alternaria, penicillium, epicoccum, mucor, rhodotorula, aspergillus, sterile fungi, phoma, pithomyces, and fusarium) found in more than 20% of total dust samples. the five most common fu ... | 2008 | 18932081 |
| [atmospheric concentration of fungus spores in ankara and the effect of meteorological factors in 2003 period]. | the atmospheric concentrations of airborne fungus spores change continuously according to the meteorological factors, and their intensity have important allergic effects on atopic subjects and opportunistic pathogenic effects on immunocompromised patients. the aim of this study was to identify the fungal spores found in ankara atmosphere during 2003 period and to investigate the changes in spore concentrations in relation to meteorological factors. fungal spores were sampled by using 7-day burka ... | 2009 | 20084916 |
| surveillance of fungal allergic sensitization using the fluorescent halogen immunoassay. | objective: conidia derived from a small number of common fungal genera are widely accepted as the etiological agents responsible for fungal allergic sensitization. the contribution of fungal conidia, spores, airborne hyphae, and subcellular fragments from other uncharacterized fungal genera remains unclear. in this proof-of-concept study, we examined the composition of mycoaerosols that atopic women were exposed and sensitized to in their own indoor environment using the fluorescent halogen immu ... | 2009 | 20495612 |
| the effect of zinc oxide and elemental zinc boluses on the concentrations of zn in serum and faeces, and on providing protection from natural pithomyces chartarum challenge in calves. | to investigate the efficacy of intra-ruminal zn boluses as aids in providing protection from natural pithomyces chartarum challenge in calves. | 2010 | 20676157 |
| the effect of zinc oxide and elemental zinc boluses on the concentrations of zn in serum and faeces, and on providing protection from natural pithomyces chartarum challenge in sheep. | to investigate the efficacy of intra-ruminal zn boluses as aids in providing protection from natural pithomyces chartarum challenge in sheep. | 2010 | 20676158 |
| fungal spores from pleosporales in the atmosphere of urban and rural locations in portugal. | fungal spores are a significant fraction of the atmospheric bioparticles (bioaerosols) and many species are capable of inducing the production of specific immunoglobulin e (ige), aggravating the clinical symptoms of allergic respiratory diseases in sensitized individuals. the aim of this work was to evaluate the distribution of potentially allergenic pleosporales spores in two locations with different urbanization indexes, characterizing its seasonal pattern. the seasonal distribution of several ... | 2010 | 21491687 |
| diethyl trans-2,5-bis-(4-methoxy-benzyl-sulfan-yl)-1,4-dimethyl-3,6-dioxopiperazine-2,5-carboxyl-ate. | the title compound, c(28)h(34)n(2)o(8)s(2), was synthesized as part of a project to develop synthetic routes to analogues of sporidesmins, a class of secondary metabolite produced by the filamentous fungi chaetomium and pithomyces sp. the complete molecule is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry: the methoxy group is essentially coplanar with the benzene ring to which it is bonded, a mean plane fitted through the non-h atoms of the aromatic ring and the meth-oxy group having an r.m.s ... | 2009 | 21582859 |
| Monitoring and assessment of airborne fungi in Kolkata, India, by viable and non-viable air sampling methods. | The composition and variability of airborne fungal spores were studied using two complementary sampling methods in an outdoor environment in Kolkata suburb for 2 years, from November 2002 to October 2004. For monitoring the total fungal spore burden in the air, Burkard 7-day volumetric sampler was used, whereas Andersen two-sage viable sampler was used for isolating the cultivable airborne fungi. Among the 37 fungal spore types identified in the air samples, the predominant ones were Cladosporiu ... | 2011 | 21915605 |