| annual changes of testis size, seminiferous tubules and plasma testosterone concentration of wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) in hokkaido. | testis size, seminiferous tubules and plasma testosterone concentrations showed conspicuous annual changes in sika deer of hokkaido, japan. the onset of the spermatogenic process occurred in july or august. spermatogenic activity had already reached its height in late october, at the beginning of the rutting season, and had begun to decline in late december. spermatogenesis had stopped in february or march. plasma testosterone concentrations showed very high levels in late october and early nove ... | 1992 | 1643176 |
| serological survey for lyme disease in sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | seventy-six wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) from areas endemic for borrelia burgdorferi during 1988 to 1989 had the igg antibody to the bacteria in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the percentage of seropositive deer was 25.0% to strain ho14 and 22.4% to strain hp3, respectively. specific igg antibody titers were high in summer but low in winter. in summer, seropositive deer were 75.0%. similar results were obtained in serum specimens obtained monthly from 4 farmed deer. it was sugges ... | 1991 | 1808467 |
| two novel molecular isoforms of band 4.2 in japanese sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis, heude) erythrocytes. | two molecular isoforms of band 4.2 were identified in erythrocyte membranes from 25 japanese sika deer (ceryus nippon yesoensis, heude) based on specific immunorecognition with anti-human band 4.2. these two variants, designated 4.2/78 and 4.2/76, had respective relative molecular weights (mr) of 78,000 and 76,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels and showed similar profiles after limited proteolysis, exhibiting identity in primary structure. 25 adult sika deer could ... | 1990 | 2294961 |
| on spiculopteragia yamashitai n. sp. and rinadia japonica n. sp. (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) from the yeso island deer cervus nippon yesoensis (heude). | | 1966 | 5299364 |
| detection of lyme disease spirochetes in the skin of naturally infected wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) by pcr. | we demonstrated the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna in the skin tissues of naturally infected wild sika deer, using pcr. the risk of transmission of b. burgdorferi sensu lato is recognized in sika deer. | 1995 | 7747979 |
| reproduction of female sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) in ashoro district, hokkaido. | the authors studied some reproductive characteristics of wild female sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) in ashoro district, hokkaido. large numbers of females attained sexual maturation at the age of yearling, and the pregnancy rate of yearlings and older was 96.4% (n = 28). these high levels of fertility should be considered the standard for high quality populations of sika deer. the estrus cycle began in late october. twinning was exceptional. sex ratio of fetuses was statisticall ... | 1993 | 8286539 |
| serological evidence of coxiella burnetii infection in wild animals in japan. | one hundred and thirty-four (26%) of 511 sera from 11 wild animal species in eight prefectures in japan had antibody titers to coxiella burnetii by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. high prevalences were observed in japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus) (78%), hokkaido deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) (69%), japanese hares (lepus brachyurus) (63%), japanese deer (cervus nippon centralis) (56%), and to some extent in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) (28%). a low prevalence (13%) was observe ... | 1993 | 8355353 |
| rumen ciliates of ezo deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) with the morphological comparison with those of cattle. | the composition of rumen ciliate protozoa was surveyed in 13 ezo deer, cervus nippon yesoensis, inhabiting hokkaido, japan. as a result, two species of the genus entodinium, e. simplex and e. dubardi, were detected. each ezo deer had only a single species of protozoa, e. simplex or e. dubardi. since e. simplex in ezo deer had a wide variation in body size and shape, its measurements were compared with those of e. simplex, e. nanellum and e. exiguum obtained from holstein-friesian cattle feeding ... | 1993 | 8461433 |
| gestational age determination, variation of conception date, and external fetal development of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) in eastern hokkaido. | the authors determined gestational age from fetal weight, examined the range in conception dates, and classified the external fetal development process in sika deer of eastern hokkaido. gestational age (t) can be estimated from fetal weight (w) with the equation: t = (3 square root of w + 2.730)/0.091. conception date can then be calculated back from date of kill of pregnant female, using gestational age. though estimated conception dates ranged from 7 october to 17 january, most of them were co ... | 1996 | 8811617 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in an endemic environment: wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) with infected ticks and antibodies. | ticks and blood samples were collected from wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) during a hunting season (august to october) of 1991 at a selected location in hokkaido, japan. ixodes persulcatus (adult and nymph) and i. ovatus (adult) were the common ticks on sika deer. spirochetes were detected in the midgut of the ticks by the indirect peroxidase-conjugated antibody staining method and by dark-field microscopy after cultivation. by the reactive pattern of monoclonal antibodies, isolates we ... | 1996 | 8871523 |
| comparative hypocholesterolemic effects of five animal oils in cholesterol-fed rats. | the hypocholesterolemic efficacy of various animal oils was compared in rats given a cholesterol-enriched diet. after acclimatization for one week, male f344 ducrj rats (8 weeks of age) that had been fed with a conventional diet were assigned to diets containing 5% of oil from emu (dromaius), japanese sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis, heude), sardine, beef tallow, or lard with 0.5% cholesterol for 6 weeks. after this feeding period, the concentrations of serum total cholesterol and of very-low ... | 1999 | 10052143 |
| intestinal spirochetosis in wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) infected with brachyspira species. | seven adult free-ranging sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy for intestinal spirochetal infection. histologically epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and edema of the lamina propria mucosa with macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in the cecum and colon in 6 of the 7 deer. numerous argyrophilic spirochetes were present in the crypts and some had invaded epithelial and goblet cells and caused degeneration. ... | 2000 | 11039589 |
| indices for nutritional condition and thresholds for winter survival in sika deer in hokkaido, japan. | we derived fat indices for sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in eastern hokkaido, japan, and estimated the probability of over-winter survival with a logistic regression model using fat indices. kidney fat mass (kfm) appears to be an adequate index of wide range of physical conditions before the onset of severe nutritional stress. when kfm values fell below 20 g, femur (fmf) and mandible cavity fat (mcf) indices declined sharply. fmf and mcf were useful indices for detecting malnourished deer. ... | 2000 | 11236274 |
| phylogenetic analysis of theileria sp. from sika deer, cervus nippon, in japan. | the 18s rrna genes of theileria species detected in sika deer, cervus nippon centralis in yamaguchi and cervus nippon yesoensis in hokkaido, were analyzed. the percent identities of the nucleotide sequences of theileria from cervus nippon centralis and cervus nippon yesoensis were more than 99%. the percent identities of the theileria sp. from sika deer and theileria sergenti, theileria buffeli and theileria cervi were 97, 96 and 95%, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences als ... | 2004 | 15063944 |
| histological variations in myoepithelial cells and arrectores pilorum muscles among caudal, metatarsal and preorbital glands in hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884). | the morphological characteristics of myoepithelial cells and arrectores pilorum muscles were investigated in caudal, metatarsal and preorbital glands of hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884) using immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin. in the metatarsal, preorbital and general skin glands, myoepithelial cell layers continuously embraced the secretory epithelium, while in the caudal gland, discontinuous myoepithelial cell rows surrounded the apocrine tubules. there ... | 2004 | 15107557 |
| immunohistochemical localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testis of hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis). | the testes from 15 adult male hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) were collected during the rutting season (october and november). we investigated the localization of 4 kinds of steroidogenic enzymes (p450scc, 3betahsd, p450c17 and p450arom) immunohistochemically in these testicular samples. the specific immunoreactivities to these enzymes were detected only in the cytoplasm of leydig cells. this differs to the enzyme distributions reported previously in japanese black bear, japanese ra ... | 2004 | 15585968 |
| evaluation of fetal growth and estimation of fetal age based on skeletal growth in hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884). | we investigated fetal development and the estimation of fetal age of 127 hokkaido sika deer fetuses, categorizing them into three groups according to the nutritional condition of populations. the order and time of the appearance of ossification centers were clarified, and fetal age was determined based on bone length and the appearance of ossification centers. then we observed the differences in fetal growth among three populations, and discussed the effect of poor nutrition on the fetal growth. ... | 2004 | 15644604 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in sika deer from eastern hokkaido, japan. | brain and serum were collected from 120 and 12 free-ranging sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), respectively, from six regions in eastern hokkaido during controlled hunts in the autumn of 2003. brains were tested for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays. antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were measured by means of a latex agglutination test. no brain tested positive for either type of dna, and no antibody to toxoplasma gondii was detected in serum, s ... | 2005 | 16107684 |
| isolation of a megatrypanum trypanosome from sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in japan. | a trypanosome was isolated from a sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan, during the primary culture of sika deer renal cells. this is the first report of isolation of a megatrypanum trypanosome from japanese cervidae. the trypanosome, designated tsd1, was propagated and maintained in eagle's modified essential medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum with sika deer renal cells as feeder. the tsd1 trypanosome was morphometrically similar to trypanosoma cervi, which is commonly is ... | 2007 | 17714873 |
| detection of ehrlichia muris dna from sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan. | ehrlichia muris dna was detected in the blood of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) by species-specific pcr based on the citrate synthase gene, which was shown to be more sensitive than species-specific pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. among 102 deer examined, one deer was positive. deer may be a possible mammalian reservoir of e. muris. | 2007 | 17964725 |
| detection of rickettsia helvetica dna from peripheral blood of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in japan. | partial nucleotide sequences of the citrate synthase and 17-kda genes of rickettsia helvetica were detected from peripheral blood samples of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan. results suggest the presence of a rickettsiemia associated with r. helvetica. this is the first evidence of r. helvetica infection in sika deer and indicates that this species may represent a potential reservoir host of r. helvetica in japan. | 2008 | 18263833 |
| serological evidence of infection with hepatitis e virus among wild yezo-deer, cervus nippon yesoensis, in hokkaido, japan. | in this study, 520 serum samples from yezo-deer in the hidaka district, hokkaido, japan were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate whether the animals were infected with hepatitis e virus (hev). the distribution of optical density values showed a bimodal pattern and 181 samples (34.8%) were deemed to be antibody-positive against hev. at least five (2.8%) of the positive sera gave specific bands by western blot analysis. an age-dependent increase in prevalence of the antibo ... | 2009 | 19215576 |
| prevalence of eight bovine viruses in sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in japan. | | 2009 | 20023282 |
| blood meal identification and prevalence of avian malaria parasite in mosquitoes collected at kushiro wetland, a subarctic zone of japan. | in japan, the prevalence of avian plasmodium in birds and mosquitoes has been partially examined in the temperate and subtropical zones; however, mosquitoes in the japanese subarctic zone have not been adequately investigated. in this study, mosquito collections and avian plasmodium detections from the mosquito samples were carried out to demonstrate the avian plasmodium transmission between vector mosquitoes and birds inhabiting in kushiro wetland, subarctic zone of japan. a total of 5657 unfed ... | 2011 | 21845952 |
| Molecular analyses of a potentially novel Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Japan. | An Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in sika deer in Hokkaido, Japan was molecularly analyzed using 16S rRNA, citrate synthase (gltA), and heat-shock operon (groEL) gene sequences. Genome walking was performed to determine its complete gltA and groEL sequences (1233bp and 1650bp, respectively). Percent identities to the closest A. phagocytophilum sequences from the US and European strains were 98.6-98.8%, 76.5%, and 80.3-80.8% for 16S rRNA, gltA, and groEL g ... | 2011 | 22204789 |
| pyrazine analogs are active components of wolf urine that induce avoidance and fear-related behaviors in deer. | our previous studies indicated that a cocktail of pyrazine analogs, identified in wolf urine, induced avoidance and fear behaviors in mice. the effects of the pyrazine cocktail on hokkaido deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) were investigated in field bioassays at a deer park in hokkaido, japan. a set of feeding bioassay trials tested the effects of the pyrazine cocktail odor on the behavior of the deer located around a feeding area in august and september 2013. this odor effectively suppressed the a ... | 2014 | 25177281 |
| molecular characterization and specific detection of anaplasma species (ap-sd) in sika deer and its first detection in wild brown bears and rodents in hokkaido, japan. | a previously undescribed anaplasma species (herein referred to as ap-sd) has been detected in sika deer, cattle and ticks in japan. despite being highly similar to some strains of a. phagocytophilum, ap-sd has never been detected in humans. its ambiguous epidemiology and the lack of tools for its specific detection make it difficult to understand and interpret the prevalence of this anaplasma species. we developed a method for specific detection, and examined ap-sd prevalence in hokkaido wildlif ... | 2015 | 26431688 |
| a relapsing fever group borrelia sp. similar to borrelia lonestari found among wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) and haemaphysalis spp. ticks in hokkaido, japan. | a relapsing fever borrelia sp. similar to borrelia lonestari (herein referred to as b. lonestari-like) was detected from wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) and haemaphysalis ticks in the eastern part of hokkaido, japan. the total prevalence of this borrelia sp. in tested deer blood samples was 10.6% using conventional pcr and real-time pcr. the prevalence was significantly higher in deer fawns compared to adults (21.9% and 9.4%, respectively). additionally, there was significant regional d ... | 2014 | 25108784 |
| first detection of adiaspiromycosis in the lungs of a deer. | adiaspiromycosis is a pulmonary infection caused by the soil fungi, emmonsia crescens and e. parva. it primarily affects small mammals and can range from an asymptomatic condition to fatal disseminated disease. we detected a granuloma containing fungal spherules, which were morphologically consistent with the adiaspores of e. crescens in the lungs of a female hokkaido sika deer. this is the first reported case of adiaspiromycosis involving a cervid in the world. | 2015 | 25787928 |
| draft genome sequence of five shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from wild deer in japan. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is one of the major foodborne pathogens. having observed the wide distribution of this pathogen in wild deer, we report here the draft genome sequence of five stec strains isolated from wild deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan. | 2017 | 28254967 |
| effects of the feeding of wild yeso sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) on the prevention of damage due to bark stripping and the use of feeding sites. | feeding sites for wild yeso sika deer around lake akan, japan, were established. effects on the number of deer using the feeding sites, the prevention of bark stripping damage, the amount of feeding, and eating time in a 5-year period (1999-2003) were evaluated. the number of deer using feeding sites increased with years during the feeding period. the damaged tree ratio after the initiation of feeding markedly decreased compared with 16.5% before the initiation of feeding. after the start of fee ... | 2011 | 21794018 |
| molecular characterization of fasciola flukes obtained from wild sika deer and domestic cattle in hokkaido, japan. | the number of wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) continues to increase in hokkaido prefecture, japan. the major concern for the livestock industry is the transmission of pathogens between sika deer and cattle. fasciolosis is an important disease that can occur in both animals. the aim of this study was to examine the possible mutual transmission of this disease in hokkaido prefecture. a total of 105 fasciola flukes were obtained from sika deer and 96 from domestic cattle. the fasciola fluk ... | 2017 | 28396295 |
| molecular identification of the cryptosporidium deer genotype in the hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan. | the protozoan cryptosporidium occurs in a wide range of animal species including many cervidae species. fecal samples collected from the hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), a native deer of hokkaido, in the central, western, and eastern areas of hokkaido were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect infections with cryptosporidium and for sequence analyses to reveal the molecular characteristics of the amplified dna. dna was extracted from 319 fecal samples and examined wi ... | 2016 | 26687968 |
| spatially distinct responses within willow to bark stripping by deer: effects on insect herbivory. | within individual plants, cervid herbivory may cause positive or negative plant-mediated effects on insect herbivores, depending on where it occurs. using a combination of field observations and artificial bark-stripping experiments in hokkaido, japan, we examined the plant-mediated effects of bark stripping by sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) on insect herbivory in two spatially distinct parts of willow (salix udensis) trees: resprouting leaves below bark-stripping wounds and canopy leaves a ... | 2015 | 26253347 |
| effects of ovarian storage condition on in vitro maturation of hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) oocytes. | the effects of different preservation conditions (temperature 20-25 or 10-15 degrees c; duration 12 or 24 h) for ovaries of cervus nippon yesoensis on in vitro maturation of oocytes were examined. when ovaries were kept for 12 h at 20-25 degrees c, maturation rate of oocytes was highest (71%); however, it declined when the preservation time was extended to 24 h (31%). when the preservation temperature decreased to 10-15 degrees c, the maturation rate after 12 h preservation decreased (51%) but i ... | 2014 | 25597189 |
| accessory corpora lutea formation in pregnant hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) investigated by examination of ovarian dynamics and steroid hormone concentrations. | generally, sika deer conceive a single fetus, but approximately 80% of pregnant females have two corpora lutea (cls). the function of the accessory cl (acl) is unknown; moreover, the process of acl formation is unclear, and understanding this is necessary to know its role. to elucidate the process of acl formation, the ovarian dynamics of six adult hokkaido sika deer females were examined ultrasonographically together with peripheral estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations. acls formed in ... | 2015 | 25482110 |
| sex and age differences in meat composition of yeso sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) reared for a short period after capture in the wild. | yeso sika deer captured in winter around lake akan in hokkaido were reared for 8-10 months at tokyo university of agriculture in abashiri. six 1-year-old females and males and six 2-year-old or older (adult) females and males were slaughtered and their carcasses were processed. the chemical composition, mineral contents and fatty acid composition of the loin were measured. no marked influence of gender or age was noted in the chemical composition of loin. in the mineral contents, significant dif ... | 2015 | 25186458 |
| prevalence and molecular analyses of hemotrophic mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas) detected in sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in japan. | hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are cell-wall deficient, epierythrocytic bacteria that cause infectious anemia in several mammalian species. the prevalence of hemoplasma species was examined by screening and species-specific pcr using blood samples collected from 51 sika deer in hokkaido, japan. molecular analyses were performed for the 16s rrna, 23s rrna and rnase p rna (rnpb) gene sequences. a total of 23/51 (45%) deer dna samples were positive for hemoplasmas in the screening pcr. using ... | 2014 | 24270803 |
| histological differences of skin among three body regions in male and female hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis). | the hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), the largest and most abundant of the sika deer subspecies in japan, has recently attracted new attention as a target for leather production, in addition to its meat value. to provide fundamental data for facilitating the effective use of skin for leather, the histological properties of skin at the shoulder, back and abdominal regions of male and female deer were compared. the results showed that the thickness of the outer skin layer was not signi ... | 2012 | 22975742 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of bartonella species in sika deer (cervus nippon) in japan. | we report the first description of bartonella prevalence and genetic diversity in 64 honshu sika deer (cervus nippon centralis) and 18 yezo sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in japan. overall, bartonella bacteremia prevalence was 41.5% (34/82). the prevalence in wild deer parasitized with ticks and deer keds was 61.8% (34/55), whereas no isolates were detected in captive deer (0/27) free of ectoparasites. the isolates belonged to 11 genogroups based on a combination of the glta and rpob gene s ... | 2012 | 22832020 |
| seasonal changes of the mineral contents in the rumen of wild yeso sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis). | the rumen contents were collected from 36 wild yeso sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) captured by deer culling or by hunting in the spring, summer, autumn and winter in hokkaido, japan. botanical classification was conducted, and the contents of mineral (calcium (ca), phosphorus (p), potassium (k), sodium (na), iron (fe), copper (cu) and zinc (zn)) were measured. the animals were captured around pastures or fallow field areas in the kushiro area. the rumen contents consisted of grasses and sas ... | 2012 | 22435626 |
| sex determination of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) using nested pcr from feces collected in the field. | we describe a method for determining the sex of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) from feces collected in the field. using a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr), partial sequences of the sex determination region of the y chromosome (sry) gene and x zinc finger protein (zfx) gene were amplified. in 19 individuals with sex information, the correct sex was successfully detected and sequences of target amplicons were completely matched between muscle and feces from the rectum. among 75 f ... | 2011 | 21836386 |
| fetal age estimation of hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) using ultrasonography during early pregnancy. | in sika deer, the normal method of estimating fetal age, based on fetal weight, is not applicable during the early pregnancy period. the objective of the present study was to describe the growth and development of sika deer fetuses and to establish a method for fetal age estimation during early pregnancy using ultrasonography. five captive female hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) were observed for estrus and mated (day 0) with an intact male. at two- or three-day intervals, fetuses we ... | 2009 | 19106485 |
| immunohistochemical localization of steroidogenic enzymes in corpus luteum of wild sika deer during early mating season. | we analyzed the localization of steroidogenic enzymes (p450 scc, 3 beta hsd, p450 arom and p450 c17) in the corpora lutea of two hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) during the early mating season. two corpora lutea were found in each female and the timing of formation of the corpora lutea seemed different. p450 scc, and 3 beta hsd, positive luteal cells were found in both corpora lutea. the existence of two functional corpora lutea from the early mating season through pregnancy suggests ... | 2004 | 15070042 |
| hematology in sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis heude, 1884). | blood samples were taken from 78 wild and 21 farmed sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) using ketamine-xylazine sedation during their excited (82 deer) and resting (17 deer) states. red cell count (rbc), hemoglobin (hb), packed cell volume (pcv) and mean corpuscular volume (mcv) were significantly higher and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (mchc) was lower in excited deer than in resting deer. there was no significant difference in total leukocyte count (wbc) between excited and restin ... | 1990 | 2313951 |
| molecular identification and characterization of piroplasm species in hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), japan. | babesia and theileria species are tick-borne protozoan parasites that have a veterinary and zoonotic importance. in order to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of these parasites, a total of 269 sika deer blood dna samples collected from hokkaido, japan, were examined for babesia and theileria species by touch-down pcr targeting the 18s rrna gene. reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization was then used to detect 12 piroplasm species. the results revealed that 95.5% (257/269), 94.1% (25 ... | 2017 | 28651947 |