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three new sesquiterpenoids from agarwood of aquilaria crassna.three new sesquiterpenoids (1-3), together with two known ones were isolated from the etoac extract of agarwood originating from aquilaria crassna. the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (uv, ir, ms, 1d and 2d nmr). compounds 1-5 were isolated from agarwood of a. crassna for the first time. in the acetylcholinesterase inhibition experiment of 2-5, compound 3 showed acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity (ir 42.9±0.6%). compound 5 expressed antibacterial acti ...201627502285
antipyretic, analgesic and anti-oxidative activities of aquilaria crassna leaves extract in rodents.in thailand, the leaves of aquilaria crassna have been used traditionally for the treatments of various disorders, but without any scientific analysis. in this study, the antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of a. crassna leaves extract were investigated at a wide dose range in rodents. experimental animals were treated orally with an aqueous extract of aquilaria crassna leaves (ace). they were tested for antipyretic (baker's yeast-induced fever in rats), analg ...201223326086
antibacterial activity of aquilaria crassna leaf extract against staphylococcus epidermidis by disruption of cell wall.aquilaria crassna pierre ex lecomte has been traditionally used in thailand for treatment of infectious diseases such as diarrhoea and skin diseases for a long time. the main objectives of this study were to examine antibacterial activity of the aquilaria crassna leaf extract against staphylococcus epidermidis and its underlying mechanism. the antioxidant activity and acute toxicity were studied as well.201323962360
genomic organization of δ-guaiene synthase genes in aquilaria crassna and its possible use for the identification of aquilaria species.the resinous portions of aquilaria plants, called agarwood, have been used as medicines and incenses. agarwood contains a great variety of sesquiterpenes, and a study using cultured cells of aquilaria crassna showed that the production of sesquiterpenes (α-guaiene, α-humulene, and δ-guaiene) was induced by treatment with methyl jasmonate, which led to the cloning of δ-guaiene synthases. in the present study, analyses of genomic organization and southern blotting of δ-guaiene synthase in a. crass ...201121472475
assessment of extraction parameters on antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content, epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), epicatechin gallate (ecg) and iriflophenone 3-c-β-glucoside of agarwood (aquilaria crassna) young leaves.the effects of ethanol concentration (0%-100%, v/v), solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10-1:60, w/v) and extraction time (30-180 min) on the extraction of polyphenols from agarwood (aquilaria crassna) were examined. total phenolic content (tpc), total flavonoid content (tfc) and total flavanol (tf) assays and hplc-dad were used for the determination and quantification of polyphenols, flavanol gallates (epigallocatechin gallate--egcg and epicatechin gallate--ecg) and a benzophenone (iriflophenone 3-c-β-g ...201425153858
characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities of aquilaria crassna and tectona grandis roots and soils in thailand plantations.aquilaria crassna pierre ex lec. and tectona grandis linn.f. are sources of resin-suffused agarwood and teak timber, respectively. this study investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus community structure in roots and rhizosphere soils of a. crassna and t. grandis from plantations in thailand to understand whether am fungal communities present in roots and rhizosphere soils vary with host plant species and study sites. terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism complemented with clon ...201425397675
the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene from the essential oil of aquilaria crassna.the present study reports a bioassay-guided isolation of β-caryophyllene from the essential oil of aquilaria crassna. the structure of β-caryophyllene was confirmed using ft-ir, nmr and ms. the antimicrobial effect of β-caryophyllene was examined using human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. its anti-oxidant properties were evaluated by dpph and frap scavenging assays. the cytotoxicity of β-caryophyllene was tested against seven human cancer cell lines. the corresponding selectivity index ...201526132906
in vivo toxicity and antitumor activity of essential oils extract from agarwood (aquilaria crassna).aquilaria crassna has been used in traditional asian medicine to treat vomiting, rheumatism, asthma, and cough. furthermore, earlier studies from our laboratory have revealed that the essential oil extract from agarwood inhibited colorectal carcinoma cells. despite of the wide range of ethno-pharmacological uses of agarwood, its toxicity has not been previously evaluated through systematic toxicological studies. therefore, the potential safety of essential oil extract and its in vivo anti-tumor ...201627450078
hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of the water extract of aquilaria crassna leaves in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetic mice.antidiabetic effect of the water extract of aquilaria crassna (a. crassna) leaves was recently claimed by some diabetic patients in thailand, whereas its experimental evidence has not been published yet. the present study was therefore conducted to investigate pharmacological activities of the water extract of a. crassna leaves, focusing on its antioxidative and hypoglycemic effects in vitro and in vivo using streptozotocin (stz)-nicotinamide (na)-induced type 2 diabetic (dm) mice. an antioxidan ...201627534110
four new bi-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives of agarwood from aquilaria crassna.four new bi-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives, crassins a-d (1-4), were isolated from the etoac extract of agarwood originating from aquilaria crassna. the structures including the absolute configurations of compounds were unambiguously elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (1d and 2d nmr, uv, ecd, ir, ms), and by comparison with the literature. the isolated compounds were tested for their acetylcholinesterase (ache) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, as well as cytotoxic activ ...201728300702
relationship between leaf functional traits and productivity in aquilaria crassna (thymelaeaceae) plantations: a tool to aid in the early selection of high-yielding trees.physiological traits are frequently used as indicators of tree productivity. aquilaria species growing in a research planting were studied to investigate relationships between leaf-productivity traits and tree growth. twenty-eight trees were selected to measure isotopic composition of carbon (δ13c) and nitrogen (δ15n) and monitor six leaf attributes. trees were sampled randomly within each of four diametric classes (at 150 mm above ground level) ensuring the variability in growth of the whole po ...201728338709
characterization and analysis of 2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromone derivatives from agarwood (aquilaria crassna) by artificial holing for different times.a total of fifty-six chromones, including seven 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromones (thpecs), five 5,6-epoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (epecs), seven 5,6:7,8-diepoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (depecs) and thirty-seven 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones of the flidersia type (ftpecs), were characterized by hplc/dad/esi/ms/ms in three agarwood samples (from aquilaria crassna) induced by artificial holing with different holing times. the characteristic fragmentation behavior of depecs and epec ...201627420040
characterization of α-humulene synthases responsible for the production of sesquiterpenes induced by methyl jasmonate in aquilaria cell culture.the resinous portions of aquilaria and gyrinops plants are known as 'agarwood' and have a distinctive fragrance. to examine the biosynthesis of these fragrant compounds, we previously established cell cultures of aquilaria crassna in which the production of three sesquiterpenes (α-guaiene, α-humulene, and δ-guaiene) could be induced by methyl jasmonate (mj), and showed that cloned δ-guaiene synthase from mj-treated cells is involved in the synthesis of these three compounds, although only very s ...201627180085
polymorphic microsatellites for forensic identification of agarwood (aquilaria crassna).tropical agarwood (aquilaria) is in danger of extinction in the wild due to illegal logging. its resin (gaharu) is used for the production of highly valued incense throughout asia. we have isolated and characterized microsatellite loci of aquilaria crassna to detect the geographic origin of agarwood for forensic applications using a modified enrichment procedure based on the capture of repetitive sequences from restricted genomic dna. we assessed the polymorphisms of five microsatellites amplifi ...201020056366
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