| ability of the face fly to cause damage to eyes of cattle. | | 1979 | 528747 |
| thelazia lacrymalis in horses in kentucky and observations on the face fly (musca autumnalis) as a probable intermediate host. | eyes from 114 (30.3%) of 376 dead horses, examined from 3 april 1975 to 3 april 1976, were naturally infected with adult thelazia lacrymalis; 1 horse was also infected with 1 male thelazia skrijabini. adult t. lacrymalis from dead horses were successfully transferred mechanically to the eyes of 3 of 4 shetland ponies raised helminth-free. larvae from gravid female t. lacrymalis underwent development in experimentally infected, laboratory-raised face flies (musca autumnalis) and third-stage larva ... | 1976 | 1033990 |
| the efficacy of ivermectin against the eyeworm, thelazia skrjabini, in experimentally infected cattle. | the anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin (administered subcutaneously at 200 micrograms kg-1 body weight) was assessed for control of thelazia skrjabini in experimentally infected calves. twenty-four uninfected male holstein calves, 1-2 weeks old, were artificially infected with thelazia skrjabini by placing 15 third-stage larvae under the third eyelid of calves. the challenge larvae were recovered from naturally infected face flies, musca autumnalis. the exposed calves were randomly assigned to ... | 1992 | 1485413 |
| ability of musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae) to acquire and transmit bovine herpesvirus-1. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) was detected in musca autumnalis de geer after feeding on virus suspensions in bovine albumin or sucrose. virus was detected for 48 h in flies fed an albumin suspension, with the highest titers recovered in crops (1.0 x 10(4) tcid50/ml) and whole-body (5 x 10(4) tcid50/ml/fly) specimens immediately after feeding; the level of virus declined rapidly thereafter. virus titers in flies fed sucrose suspensions were 5 x 10(4) tcid50/ml in excised crops and 5 x 10(5) tcid50 ... | 1991 | 1663168 |
| isolation of high-molecular-weight dna from insects. | a simple and rapid method for the isolation of high-molecular-weight dna from insects is described. the method does not require cscl ultracentrifugation or extensive dialysis. high-molecular-weight dna was obtained within 24 h. since the entire insect was used for dna isolation, an initial nuclei-enriched fraction was required. genomic dna was extracted from lysed nuclei by organic phase separation (liquid/liquid extraction). this method has been successfully applied to the isolation and purific ... | 1990 | 1693047 |
| moxidectin evaluation against solenoptes capillatus (anoplura: linognathidae), bovicola bovis (mallophaga: trichodectidae), and musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae) on cattle. | slow release formulations of 375, 750, and 1,125 mg (ai) in 50-g boluses and a subcutaneous injectable formulation (0.2 mg ai/kg body wt) of moxidectin (cl301423) were tested for the control of the little blue cattle louse, solenoptes capillatus (enderlein), and the cattle biting louse, bovicola bovis (l). s. capillatus populations were reduced 4 wk after treatment and complete control was observed 6 wk after treatment in groups treated with boluses, b. bovis were first observed at 3 wk and cont ... | 1991 | 1842799 |
| development of the nematode eyeworm, thelazia skrjabini (nematoda: thelazioidea), in experimentally infected face flies, musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae). | the development of thelazia skrjabini erschow, 1928, was studied in experimentally infected laboratory-reared musca autumnalis de geer. thelazia skrjabini developed to the infective third stage in a minimum of 9 days in m. autumnalis maintained at 27 +/- 2 c. first-stage larvae were not observed postinoculation, but second-stage larvae were first observed 3 days postinoculation. development was asynchronous. second- and third-stage larvae occur in capsules, occasionally in the head but primarily ... | 1991 | 2040954 |
| epidemiology of wildebeest-derived malignant catarrhal fever in south africa: inability to transfer the disease with an african face fly musca xanthomelas (diptera: muscidae). | under experimental conditions an african face fly (musca xanthomelas) preferred to feed on cattle dung when provided with a choice of 3 different meals namely sucrose, cattle dung and blood. flies starved overnight fed well on the eyes of cattle and rabbits, but were reluctant to feed again within 2 h after being allowed to feed on cell culture medium or on the eyes of wildebeest, and when they did feed, they preferred to feed on the external side of the eyelids and on the coagulated material in ... | 1990 | 2339002 |
| uptake and excretion of brucella abortus in tissues of the face fly (musca autumnalis). | to determine their capacity to host brucella abortus, face flies were examined 1 to 120 hours after feeding on broth containing bacteria and bovine erythrocytes. brucella abortus was cultured in large numbers from whole flies for 12 hours after feeding, but not after 72 hours. histologic analysis showed that brucellae were rapidly taken into the midgut, sequestered from erythrocytes, transiently stored, and shed in the feces; there was no evidence of bacterial replication within epithelial cells ... | 1989 | 2506781 |
| walk-through trap for control of horn flies (diptera: muscidae) on pastured cattle. | a walk-through fly trap designed in 1938 by w. g. bruce was tested for two field seasons in missouri. screened elements along both sides of the device functioned as cone traps, thereby catching horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), as they were swept from cattle by strips of carpet hung from the roof. horn fly control on pastured cattle averaged 54 and 73% when they were afforded access to the trap. analyses of diptera captured in the trap indicated that horn flies comprised the most abundant sp ... | 1989 | 2708630 |
| prevalence and intensity of thelazia spp. (nematoda: thelazioidea) in a musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae) population from central alberta. | a face fly (musca autumnalis) population near wetaskiwin, central alberta, canada, was sampled 9 times from 26 july to 29 september 1988 for the early larval stages of thelazia spp. of 426 female flies examined, 159 (37%) contained thelazia spp. (almost exclusively t. skrjabini), with an average worm burden of 4.2 larvae per infected fly. prevalence ranged from 17 to 56% over 9 collections. this is the first report of thelazia skrjabini in flies from western north america and the highest thelazi ... | 1989 | 2795384 |
| primary structure of two neuropeptide hormones with adipokinetic and hypotrehalosemic activity isolated from the corpora cardiaca of horse flies (diptera). | the primary structures of two neuropeptides, tabanus atratus adipokinetic hormone (taa-akh) and tabanus atratus hypotrehalosemic hormone (taa-hoth), from the corpora cardiaca of horse flies (diptera: tabanidae) have been determined. amino acid sequences of taa-akh (less than glu-leu-thr-phe-thr-pro-gly-trp-nh2) and taa-hoth (less than glu-leu-thr-phe-thr-pro-gly-trp-gly-tyr-nh2) (where less than glu = pyroglutamic acid) were determined by automated gas-phase edman degradation of the peptides deb ... | 1989 | 2813385 |
| horse-baited insect trap and mobile insect sorting table used in a disease vector identification study. | a horse-baited trap and a mobile insect sorting table were used to conduct an arthropod survey for potential vectors of potomac horse fever in southern maryland and northern virginia. the trap and table worked effectively for the live collection and sorting of haemophagous diptera such as: simulium spp., stomoxys calcitrans, musca autumnalis, tabanus spp. and chrysops spp. during the diurnal collections periods, and culicoides spp. during the crepuscular periods. the trap was not as convenient f ... | 1988 | 2906356 |
| [musca osiris--a new intermediate host of thelazia gulosa]. | musca osiris wd. was first recorded as an intermediate host of the nematode th. gulosa. in tadjikistan musca autumnalis deg. was first recorded as an intermediate host of th. gulosa and th. skrjabini. the flies are suggested to be used as indicators of thelaziasis infection by using a key suggested for the first time for the definition of species of larvae belonging to the genus thelazia during differentiation of infected larvae from flies. | 1987 | 2951645 |
| the role of some cyclorrhaphan flies as carriers of human helminths in malaysia. | the role of some adult flies (diptera: cyclorrhapha) as carriers of helminth parasites of man was studied at four sites in malaysia: a refuse dump, where no helminth-positive flies were detected, and in three peri-domestic situations where four species of flies carried up to three types of nematodes. the dominant fly species chrysomya megacephala (fabricius) carried eggs of the roundworm ascaris lumbricoides l., the pinworm trichuris trichiura (l.) and hookworm on the adult external body surface ... | 1988 | 2980156 |
| [seasonal dynamics of synbovine flies (diptera: muscidae) during the grazing period in jarov]. | synbovine flies and the seasonal pattern of their occurrence were studied throughout the grazing period in the cattle pastures of the strakonice district. skufin's traps were used for catching the flies. the total number of dipterous insects caught during the series of trappings in two- to three-week intervals was 2096. the family muscidae (23 species) was represented most amply in the sample catches (musca autumnalis 65.9%, hydrotaea meteorica 20.4%, hydrotaea irritans 4.2%, haematobosca stimul ... | 1987 | 3125656 |
| circadian rhythm of melatonin in the brain of the face fly, musca autumnalis de geer. | melatonin was radioimmunoassayed in extracts from brains of musca autumnalis de geer, the face fly, obtained 4h apart during 24h in 3 series pools of over 2 dozen brains at each of 6 or 7 circadian times. a circadian rhythm in the data expressed as percent of mean was demonstrated by the population-mean cosinor method. face flies thus offer themselves for studies of melatonin-mediated chronomodulation by feedsideward mechanisms. | 1987 | 3446448 |
| effect on milk production of controlling muscid flies, and reducing fly-avoidance behaviour, by the use of fenvalerate ear tags during the dry period. | fenvalerate ear tags reduced fly loads on dry dairy cattle by 95% between july and september. fly dislodging behaviour, such as ear flicks which correlated with numbers of musca autumnalis on the face and stamps/kicks which correlated with numbers of stomoxys calcitrans on the legs, was also significantly reduced. there was no significant difference between the tagged and untagged groups in the total time spent grazing each day. milk yields were not statistically significantly different, but the ... | 1987 | 3597919 |
| carriage of corynebacterium pyogenes by the cattle nuisance flies hydrotaea irritans (fallén) and musca autumnalis (de geer). | two species of cattle-visiting muscidae were experimentally contaminated with c. pyogenes, a pathogen involved in the aetiology of summer mastitis. surface contamination persisted for at least 4 days. since m. autumnalis would not feed on media containing c. pyogenes the bacterium did not persist internally. all c. pyogenes were eliminated from the gut of h. irritans in 4 days. h. irritans is thus more likely to transmit c. pyogenes than is m. autumnalis but only by mechanical transfer, and is n ... | 1985 | 3909617 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: contact transmission. | the transmission of moraxella bovis was studied in calves in the absence of the face fly (musca autumnalis) or environmental conditions that might insult the eye. thirty calves were placed in 10 groups of 1 experimentally infected calf and 2 contact calves each. over 40 days, only 1 eye in 1 contact calf developed clinical infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. the organism was recovered in only 8 of 20 contact calves, whereas infection and disease occurred in all experimentally infected calves ... | 1986 | 3963562 |
| bovine thelaziasis in iowa. | the prevalence of developing thelazia nematodes in face flies (musca autumnalis) was studied for 7 yr at a beef farm in central iowa. juvenile nematodes were not found among flies in reproductive diapause in autumn, nor among nulliparous, overwintered flies in spring, but only among actively reproducing insects. thus thelazia probably do not overwinter in face flies. a mean prevalence of 2.0% infected was recorded among flies in 7 fly breeding seasons. no heterogeneity in thelazia prevalence was ... | 1985 | 4040164 |
| the face fly, musca autumnalis de geer, and aggregation behavior in holstein cows. | studies of interactions between face flies and holstein cattle show that the frequency and duration of aggregation episodes can be associated with exposure to face flies and that the numbers of flies on cows during aggregation is inversely correlated with cow nearest-neighbor distance, a relationship that remains relatively consistent within herds. furthermore, aggregation in herds exposed to face flies neither altered herd grazing time nor grazing patterns, which indicates that aggregation beha ... | 1985 | 4082445 |
| th 6040 as a feed additive for control of the face fly and house fly. | | 1974 | 4425542 |
| relationship of feeding activity of face fly (musca autumnalis degeer) to production of keratoconjunctivitis in calves. | | 1972 | 4641212 |
| cost and effectiveness of horn fly and face fly control programs in semi-isolated range herds in central missouri. | | 1973 | 4736351 |
| responses of the house fly, stable fly, and face fly to electromagnetic radiant energy. | | 1973 | 4770946 |
| juvenile hormone mimics as feed additives for control of the face fly and house fly. | | 1974 | 4815632 |
| face fly: invertebrate vector and host of a mammalian eye worm in massachusetts. | | 1974 | 4833492 |
| a field-cage study of feeding behavior of the face fly on dairy cattle. | | 1972 | 5016674 |
| association of the face fly, musca autumnalis, with bison in western north america. | | 1970 | 5462281 |
| oviposition and hatchability of eggs of the face fly. | | 1970 | 5462414 |
| face fly larval development in relation to bovine sex and quantity of feces. | | 1970 | 5508371 |
| dust stations for control of the face fly in south carolina. | | 1968 | 5642116 |
| further studies on the effect of bovine diet on face fly development. | | 1968 | 5680749 |
| field experiments with attractants for the face fly. | | 1968 | 5723770 |
| oviposition and development of the face fly in feces of six species of animals. | | 1968 | 5749376 |
| frequency of pinkeye incidence in cattle in relation to face fly abundance. | | 1967 | 6068695 |
| effects of xanthene dyes in cattle diets for insect control: diet digestibility and fecal excretion. | the effects of rose bengal, erythrosin b and fluorescein on ruminant digestion were evaluated by an in vitro rumen technique. rose bengal reduced in vitro dry matter disappearance (ivdmd) values starting at .5 mm in the nutrient media and erythrosin b reduced ivdmd values starting at .05 mm in the nutrient media. maximum reduction in ivdmd values was observed at 3.0 mm of rose bengal and erythrosin b. fluorescein depressed digestion but not as severely as rose bengal or erythrosin b. dry matter ... | 1982 | 6177678 |
| relationship of the face fly (diptera: muscidae) to pinkeye in cattle: a review and synthesis of the relevant literature. | | 1984 | 6387122 |
| use of age structure to assess insecticidal treatments of face fly populations, musca autumnalis degeer (diptera: muscidae). | | 1984 | 6520293 |
| the face fly (diptera: muscidae): effect on holstein milk secretion. | | 1984 | 6542573 |
| transmission of moraxella bovis by regurgitation from the crop of the face fly (diptera: muscidae). | | 1984 | 6747081 |
| parafilaria bovicola (tubangui 1934) established in swedish cattle. | parafilaria bovicola was recorded in swedish cattle for the first time in 1978. the parasite causes carcass lesions with a maximum incidence from february to july but already in the previous november the carcass lesions appear regularly in the form of yellow oedema. in february and onward the oedema may be extensive with a greenish-yellow colour. the lesions are most prominent in bulls and more or less negligible in cows. however, the cows are considered to be important reservoirs for the parasi ... | 1983 | 6878026 |
| the role of face flies in an episode of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. | cattle partially protected from face flies (musca autumnalis) had much less infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and yielded fewer isolated of hemolytic moraxella bovis than did similar cattle that received no face fly protection. the number of new isolated of m bovis from the unprotected cattle was highly correlated with the number of face files observed on the cattle. close physical proximity to cattle infected with m bovis was important in the spread of the bacteria to previously uninfected ... | 1982 | 7061312 |
| parafilaria bovicola (tubangui 1934) in cattle: epizootiology-vector studies and experimental transmission of parafilaria bovicola to cattle. | parafilaria bovicola (tubangui 1934), a filarial nematode, causes cutaneous bleedings of live cattle and bruise-like lesions in the subcutaneous and im surfaces of affected carcasses. to determine the vector(s) of this nematode under swedish conditions, a field survey was conducted during the pasture season, may-september 1980. a total of 9,931 insects were collected from cattle and subsequently examined for infective 3rd stage parafilaria larvae. from the fly species collected. musca autumnalis ... | 1982 | 7103186 |
| efficacy of monensin as a cattle feed additive against the face fly and horn fly. | four groups of eight hereford and hereford crossbred steers were monitored for the efficacy of monensin as a feed additive against the face fly and horn fly. groups were assigned randomly to 3-ha grass-clover pastures. two groups were supplemented with 1.1 kg ground corn/head daily (untreated), while the remaining groups were given 1.1 kg ground corn containing 100 mg monensin for 14 d and 200 mg monensin/head daily for the remainder of the 112-d trial. fresh feces were collected from four steer ... | 1982 | 7107531 |
| survival of moraxella bovis in the alimentary tract of the face fly. | | 1982 | 7142559 |
| transmission of moraxella bovis in the laboratory by the face fly (diptera: muscidae). | | 1982 | 7175004 |
| southern ontario survey of eyeworms, thelazia gulosa and thelazia lacrymalis in cattle and larvae of thelazia spp. in the face fly, musca autumnalis. | an eight month survey of bovine eyes from an abattoir in southern ontario revealed the presence of the eyeworms thelazia gulosa and t. lacrymalis in 32% of the cattle. in the same area, 3% of the natural population of face flies (musca autumnalis) harbored larval eyeworms. a review of the literature is provided. | 1980 | 7189135 |
| experimental infections of thelazia lacrymalis: maturation of third-stage larvae from face flies (musca autumnalis) in eyes of ponies. | | 1980 | 7189214 |
| development of the bovine eyeworm, thelazia gulosa (railliet and henry), in experimentally infected, female musca autumnalis de geer. | development of the eyeworm thelazia gulosa was observed in experimentally infected, female face flies (musca autumnalis). following removal from bovine eyes obtained from local abatoirs, adult nematodes were dissected and larval parasites were fed to restrained, 5- to 7-day-old flies which had been starved for 12 hr. larvae penetrated the midgut of the flies 1 to 4 hr postinoculation (= pi). on day 3 pi, all live larvae were found in capsules attached to the abdominal body wall. no development w ... | 1982 | 7200515 |
| effects of monensin on development of the face fly and the horn fly. | | 1980 | 7229187 |
| face fly and horn fly reduction on cattle with fenvalerate ear tags. | | 1981 | 7276362 |
| sustained-release rabon bolus for face fly control in cattle feces. | | 1981 | 7276364 |
| use of insecticide-impregnated ear tags for the control of face flies and horn-flies on pastured cattle. | three studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticide-impregnated ear tags in controlling face flies, musca autumnalis degeer, and horn flies, haematobia irritans (linn.), on pastured beef cattle. in one 16-week trial, polyvinyl chloride (pvc) ear tags treated with stirofos (rabon) insecticide reduced horn fly numbers by 79% (p less than .05) and face fly numbers by 30% (p less than .05). coumaphos (co-ral) insecticide dust bags used in a separate herd produced an 86% (p less ... | 1981 | 7319964 |
| non-biting muscidae and control methods. | many non-biting muscids (filth flies) are characterised by the habit of visiting manure or rotting organic material to feed and/or oviposit. as these flies also often have close associations with human beings, as well as human habitations and domestic animals, they are potentially both a nuisance and a contributory factor in the transmission of diseases. the authors examine the biology, economic importance and control of four of the most important non-biting muscids: housefly, musca domestica; f ... | 1994 | 7711308 |
| oviposition and development of face flies in dung from cattle on herbage and supplemented herbage diets. | dung was collected from angus cattle (bos taurus l.) fed (ad libitum) hays of endophyte-free (ef) and endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams) infected (ei) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), and alfalfa-smooth bromegrass (1:1 w/w) and green-chopped kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.). samples of dung were subsequently collected from the same animals offered the ... | 1994 | 7886909 |
| a comparison of sampling methods with respect to cattle-visiting muscidae and their nematode infections. | cattle-visiting muscidae were sampled with a handnet from a blood-smeared masonite panel as well as grazing heifers and dairy cows in south-central sweden. all flies were examined in search of nematodes. only musca autumnalis was infected with nematodes (parafilaria bovicola, thelazia spp. and heterotylenchus autumnalis). the only mixed infections found involved p. bovicola and thelazia spp. most m. autumnalis infected with p. bovicola and thelazia spp. were found during the two first months of ... | 1994 | 7949311 |
| relationship of horn fly to face fly infestation in beef cattle. | horn fly and face fly counts (n = 394) taken on 194 beef cows representing seven breed groups were used to determine the effects of horn fly and face fly counts. breed groups included were angus (ani and anii), chianina (ca), charolais (ch), hereford (hh), polled hereford (ph), and red poll (rp). the breed group designated ani consisted of small-framed cows. total horn fly and total face fly counts were determined weekly on each cow beginning in may and ending in late october or early november i ... | 1994 | 8002446 |
| prehibernating musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae)--an overwintering host for parasitic nematodes. | diapausing face flies, musca autumnalis (de geer), are characterized by the presence of hypertrophied fat bodies (hfb) and arrested ovarian development. a total of 1752 face flies were caught around cattle in south-central sweden during the last 5 weeks of the grazing season, in august-september. females in this material (1139) were examined in search of hfb and to determine their reproductive status. it was assumed a priori that gonoactive flies would not undergo diapause. flies were also disse ... | 1994 | 8073611 |
| the effect of treating beef cattle on pasture with ivermectin on the prevalence and intensity of thelazia spp. (nematoda: thelazioidea) in the vector, musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae). | trihedron sticky traps were used to monitor the prevalence and intensity of thelazia spp. in face flies associated with 2 groups of cattle. traps were set for 24 hr once a week beginning 2 wk before cattle were turned out to pasture following winter housing and continued until flies reached diapause in october. the 50 heifers in group 1 received 1 treatment with ivermectin (ivomec pour-on for cattle, 500 micrograms/kg body weight) on the day of turnout onto pasture. the 50 cows and their calves ... | 1994 | 8158478 |
| prevalence of eyeworms (nematoda: thelazioidea) in beef cattle grazing different range pasture zones in alberta, canada. | the eyes from 410 beef cattle grazing 6 range pasture zones in alberta were dissected and examined for species of thelazia. thirty-eight (9.3%) contained eyeworms: 25 (6.1%) contained thelazia skrjabini alone, 3 (0.7%) contained thelazia gulosa alone, and 10 (2.4%) had a mixed infection of t. skrjabini and t. gulosa. prevalence was related to the type of pasture. the prevalence was lower in cattle grazing short- and mid-grass pastures (zones 1, 2; 0% and 1.5%, respectively) than those grazing tr ... | 1993 | 8277378 |
| bionomics of the face fly, musca autumnalis. | the face fly was introduced from the palearctic region and spread across north america in 20 years after world war ii. adults feed on cattle and horses, and larvae develop in fresh cattle dung. little genetic differentiation appears between european and north american populations and among regions within north america. after an autumnally initiated diapause, overwintered flies emerge in spring and reproduce through late spring and summer. generations after the first overlap, and age structure de ... | 1997 | 9017900 |
| pruritus and dermal response to insect antigens in sheep infested with bovicola ovis. | this study examined the relationships among louse density, pruritus and dermal response to insect antigens in sheep infested with bovicola ovis. polypay and columbia ewes were allocated to two groups, infested and naive, and louse densities and pruritus were monitored for 15 months. ten months after the initial infestation, all sheep were tested for hypersensitivity on the midside and ears by intradermal injection of soluble extracts of b. ovis, stomoxys calcitrans and musca autumnalis. the area ... | 1998 | 9559360 |
| serum and skin surface antibodies and their associations with sheep biting lice, bovicola ovis, on experimentally infested sheep. | the sheep biting louse (bovicola ovis) feeds superficially on the skin of sheep but appears to stimulate an immune response. in this study we examined the association between louse infestation and serum and skin surface antibodies. louse numbers were monitored on experimentally infested polypay and columbia ewes for two years and on their lambs in the second year. serum and skin wash samples were tested for antibodies to soluble extracts of b. ovis, stomoxys calcitrans and musca autumnalis by en ... | 1998 | 9737599 |
| entomopathogenic fungi in flies associated with pastured cattle in denmark. | cattle flies, including musca autumnalis, haematobia irritans, and hydrotaea irritans, are pests of pastured cattle. a 2-year study of the natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in adult cattle flies and other flies associated with pastures showed that the four species included in the entomophthora muscae species complex (e. muscae sensu lato) caused high infection levels in several species of flies. however, only a few specimens of cattle flies were infected by e. muscae sensu stricto des ... | 2001 | 11356054 |
| chronological age-grading of house flies by using near-infrared spectroscopy. | the sensitivity and accuracy of near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) was compared with that of the pteridine fluorescence technique for estimating the chronological age of house flies, musca domestica (l.). although results with both techniques were significantly correlated with fly age, confidence limits on predicted ages generally were smaller with nirs. young flies could be readily differentiated from old flies by using nirs. age predictions using the pteridine method are dependent upon size, se ... | 2002 | 12061447 |
| investigations on transmissability of moraxella bovis by the face fly. | | 1965 | 14293768 |
| sequence change and phylogenetic signal in muscoid coii dna sequences. | the complete dna sequence of the mtdna cytochrome oxidase ii gene from house fly, musca domestica, face fly, musca autumnalis, stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, horn fly, haematobia irritans, and black garbage fly, hydrotaea aenescens, are reported. the nucleotide sequence codes for a 229 amino acid peptide. the coii sequence is a + t rich (74.1%), with up to 12.3% nucleotide and 8.4% amino acid divergence among the five taxa. of the 688 nucleotides encoding for the gene, 135 nucleotide sites (19 ... | 2003 | 14631656 |
| molecular epidemiological survey on the vectors of thelazia gulosa, thelazia rhodesi and thelazia skrjabini (spirurida: thelaziidae). | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)- based assay developed for the specific identification of thelazia gulosa, thelazia rhodesi and thelazia skrjabini (nematoda, spirurida), which cause bovine ocular thelaziosis, was evaluated for its usefulness in detecting the intermediate hosts and in estimating the infection prevalence of vectors in field conditions throughout 5 years (from 1997 to 2001). a total of 5190 flies were captured and identified as musca larvipara, musca osiris, musca autumnalis, mus ... | 2003 | 14636023 |
| [ecology of thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in italy]. | the genus thelazia (spirurida, thelaziidae) includes a cosmopolitan group of eyeworm spirurids responsible for ocular infections in domestic and wild animals and transmitted by different species of muscids. bovine thelaziosis is caused by thelazia rhodesi desmarest 1828, thelazia gulosa railliet & henry 1910, and thelazia skrjabini erschow 1928, which occur in many countries; t. gulosa and t. skrjabini have been reported mainly in the new world, while t. rhodesi is particularly common in the old ... | 2004 | 15305729 |
| the role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating host location and selection by nuisance and disease-transmitting cattle flies. | the role of volatile semiochemicals in mediating the location and selection within herds of holstein-friesian heifers by nuisance and disease-transmitting cattle flies was investigated using coupled gas chromatography-electrophysiology (gc-eag), coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms), electrophysiology (eag), laboratory behaviour and field studies. using volatile extracts collected by air entrainment from heifers in the netherlands, a number of active peaks were located by coupled ... | 2004 | 15641996 |
| genetic and environmental factors associated with incidence of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in preweaned beef calves. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) is one of the most economically important diseases in preweaned calves. this study examined the health records of 45,497 calves over a 20-yr period to determine environmental and genetic factors influencing the incidence of ibk. three data sets were analyzed with an animal model. the first data set (n = 41,986) evaluated environmental factors and genetic differences among nine purebred (angus, braunvieh, charolais, gelbvieh, hereford, limousin, pinzga ... | 2005 | 15705746 |
| molecular characterization of thelazia lacrymalis (nematoda, spirurida) affecting equids: a tool for vector identification. | equine thelaziosis caused by the eyeworm thelazia lacrymalis is a parasitic disease transmitted by muscid flies. although equine thelaziosis is known to have worldwide distribution, information on the epidemiology and presence of the intermediate hosts of t. lacrymalis is lacking. in the present work, a pcr-rflp based assay on the first and/or second internal transcribed spacer (its1 and its2) of ribosomal dna was developed for the detection of t. lacrymalis dna in its putative vector(s). the se ... | 2005 | 16038792 |
| [parafilariasis: a new parasitic disease of cattle in the netherlands]. | in march 2007, cutaneous nodules were observed on the neck, shoulder and back of a breeding bull imported from france in november 2006. the nodules opened spontaneously and produced a haemorrhagic exudate. the cause was parafilaria bovicola, a filariid nematode not endemic to the netherlands. the worm can cause substantial economic loss because of the need to trim carcasses and because of the diminished value of hides. the infection is spread by the fly musca autumnalis, which is common in the n ... | 2007 | 18030902 |
| identification of the intermediate hosts of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae under field conditions. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was used for the specific detection of habronema microstoma and habronema muscae (nematoda, spirurida) in order to identify the intermediate hosts of both nematode species under field conditions. a total of 1087 netted and 165 laboratory-bred flies were tested. flies were identified as musca domestica linnaeus 1758, musca autumnalis de geer 1776, haematobia irritans (linnaeus 1758), haematobia titillans (de geer 1907) and stomoxys calcitrans (linnaeu ... | 2008 | 18816277 |
| the nematode heterotylenchus autumnalis and face fly musca autumnalis: a field study in northern california. | helerolylenchus aulumnalis was found in six northern california counties surveyed, and the incitlence of nematode infection of face flies ranged from 4.7 to 43.8%. intensive studies at a cattle ranch in yuba county showed that population densities of the host and nematode infections were highest in flies from cow pats receiving full sun. average host population density was 105.7 puparia per pat, and nematode infection averaged 38.6%. pats in partial sun averaged 13.5 puparia and 13,1% nematode i ... | 1978 | 19305863 |
| [comparative behaviour studies in horses infested with flying insects treated with insecticide or repellent substances]. | the aim of this study was to estimate the effects of flying insects (order diptera) on the behaviour of grazing horses in relation to the use of insecticide and repellent substances. the investigations were done between june and august in 2008 in 3 periods of 7 days each. as insecticide and repellent two substances were used: "well-care emulsion" (co. essex tierarznei, münchen, ger) containing permethrin and "bremsen-frei-plus" (co. dr. schaette ag, bad waldsee, ger) based on etheric oils. both ... | 2011 | 21309163 |
| salivary gland hypertrophy virus of house flies in denmark: prevalence, host range, and comparison with a florida isolate. | house flies (musca domestica) infected with musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (mdsghv) were found in fly populations collected from 12 out of 18 danish livestock farms that were surveyed in 2007 and 2008. infection rates ranged from 0.5% to 5% and averaged 1.2%. none of the stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans), rat-tail maggot flies (eristalis tenax) or yellow dung flies (scathophaga stercoraria) collected from mdsghv-positive farms displayed characteristic salivary gland hypertroph ... | 2011 | 22129394 |
| insects as novel models for research in chronobiology. | a need exists for novel models for chronopharmacological research. insects could serve in this capacity since they are relatively inexpensive, short-lived and acceptable to the public. with the cooperation of franz halberg, tests which demonstrated that this was feasible were undertaken over an about 10 year span. specifically, life span was shown to be different in different photoperiodic regimens for the codling moth and the face fly. evidence was also found for a circaseptan rhythm as well as ... | 2009 | 2697523 |
| carbon dioxide anesthesia of the face fly, musca autumnalis de geer: effects of temperature and oxygen on knockdown rate. | | 2014 | 4396822 |
| natural besnoitia besnoiti infections in cattle: chronology of disease progression. | bovine besnoitiosis is an emerging protozoan disease in cattle. neither vaccines nor chemotherapeutic drugs are currently available for prevention and treatment of besnoitia besnoiti infections. therefore the implementation of appropriate disease management strategies is of utmost importance. the aim of this longitudinal study was to complement current knowledge on the chronology of disease progression. this was realized by correlating clinical findings in early stages of naturally acquired bovi ... | 2015 | 25886463 |
| penetration and fate of methomyl and its oxime metabolite in insects and twospotted spider mites. | the penetration and fate of methomyl and its oxime metabolite, methomyl oxime or s-methyl n-hydroxythioacetimidate, were examined in house flies (musca domestica linnaeus), face flies (musca autumnalis de geer), black cutworm larvae (agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel), and twospotted spider mites (tetranychus urticae koch). generally, penetration and metabolism of methomyl-1-14c were rapid in insects and spider mites although differences in rates among the different test organisms were observed. metabol ... | 1981 | 7235742 |
| climate extremes, vegetation change, and decoupling of interactive fire-grazing processes exacerbate fly parasitism of cattle. | we assessed local horn fly (haematobia irritans l.) and face fly (musca autumnalis de geer) communities on cattle in 2012 and 2013 relative to vegetation and climate data to understand how parasitism of cattle is influenced by change in climate and vegetation structure. we compared heterogeneity management using spatially and temporally discrete fires (i.e., patch-burning one-third of a pasture annually) to homogeneity management (i.e., burning entire pasture in 2012 then no burning in 2013), wi ... | 2017 | 28334188 |
| seasonality and diapause of musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae) at its southern limits in north america, with observations on haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae). | the face fly (musca autumnalis de geer) and horn fly (haematobia irritans ([l.])) were studied at the southern edge of the face fly's north american range, examining southern california geographic distribution, seasonal activity on cattle and in dung, and diapause. face flies were common only at pomona (34°03'n, 117°48'w). other irrigated pastures, even those only slightly inland from pomona, were probably too warm for face flies, due to a steep west (cooler) to east (warmer) temperature gradien ... | 2015 | 26336262 |
| cycle-characteristic odour of cow urine can be detected by the female face fly (musca autumnalis). | due to declining dairy cow fertility rates, there is great interest in developing tools for oestrus detection. compounds in the volatile profile of oestrous cows are suggested as oestrus-specific, but consistent results have not been presented. certain haematophagous arthropods can discriminate stages of the mammalian reproductive cycle based on host volatiles. this study investigated whether the face fly, musca autumnalis de geer (diptera: muscidae), can discriminate between urine from cows in ... | 2014 | 25244510 |
| development of a novel walk-through fly trap for the control of horn flies and other pests on pastured dairy cows. | a prototype walk-through fly vacuum system, designed to remove horn flies haematobia irritans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) from cattle, was developed and tested for efficacy. the study was conducted during 4 fly seasons over 17 consecutive weeks each year within the months of may through september at 1 dairy research herd in the coastal plain of north carolina. additional data on horn flies, as well as face flies (musca autumnalis) and stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans), were collected during 1 yr f ... | 2014 | 24792800 |
| musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae) and the host-specific nematode paraiotonchium autumnale (tylenchida: iotonchiidae) in southern california. | musca autumnalis degeer were collected in the summer and fall of 2011 and 2012 from a beef cattle herd in southern california visual counts of musca spp. on cattle faces were documented, and sweep net samples of face flies and other diptera were also collected from cattle faces. face flies dominated in the net collections, and 5-30 flies per face were common between early july and october 2011. adult female m. autumnalis were dissected and examined for the presence of the host-specific nematode ... | 2014 | 24605481 |
| use of a highly sensitive immunomarking system to characterize face fly (diptera: muscidae) dispersal from cow pats. | we tested an immunomarking system that used egg white as marker and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a detection assay to characterize face fly (musca autumnalis degeer) dispersal from cow pats in a pastured beef cattle operation. in microcage assays, adult flies acquired marker after contact with cow pats that were treated with marker and field aged up to 11 d. in arena assays on sprayed full-size cow pats, 77% of eclosed face flies acquired the marker. in a field-marking study, four applic ... | 2014 | 24472203 |
| standardized laboratory tests with 21 species of temperate and tropical sepsid flies confirm their suitability as bioassays of pharmaceutical residues (ivermectin) in cattle dung. | veterinary pharmaceuticals excreted in the dung of treated livestock can have strong non-target effects on the dung organism community. we report results of ecotoxicological tests with ivermectin for 21 species of temperate (europe, north america) and tropical (asia, central america) black scavenger flies (diptera: sepsidae), using standardized methods developed previously for the yellow dung fly and the face fly. our study documents great variation in ivermectin sensitivity of more than two ord ... | 2013 | 23260241 |
| a laboratory study on the effect of paraiotonchium autumnale parasitism on the longevity of musca autumnalis. | paraiotonchium autumnale (nickle) (tylenchida: iotonchiidae) causes parasitic sterilization in female musca autumnalis degeer (diptera: muscidae). in addition to sterilization, p. autumnale causes physiological and behavioural changes within its host. however, there have been no records of reduced host lifespan in this system. studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 with wild m. autumnalis collected as larvae from cow dung pats from browns valley, california, usa. field-collected larvae were rea ... | 2012 | 22849966 |
| applicability of partial characterization of cytochrome oxidase i in identification of forensically important flies (diptera) from china and egypt. | precise species identification of every insect sample collected from criminal scenes play an essential role in the accurate estimation of postmortem interval. the morphological similarity poses a great challenge for forensic entomologists. dna-based method can be used as a supplemental means of morphological method. in the present study, we demonstrate the applicability of the 304-bp cytochrome oxidase i gene fragment in molecular identification of forensically important diptera. we analyzed 75 ... | 2013 | 23661266 |
| life span of springtail on 12-hr shifts at varying intervals of 12-hr alternation in ambient temperature. | the effect of shifts at different intervals of a regimen of quasioptimal and nonoptimal ambient temperatures alternating at 12-hr intervals was tested on the springtail, folsomia candida. life span data demonstrate that shifts of the temperature regimen can be optimized to prolong life rather than to shorten it or to leave it unaffected. optimal shift intervals are 7 days apart, in keeping with the results on effects of shifts of a regimen of alternating light and darkness in a giant alga, aceta ... | 1987 | 3601963 |
| first report of thelazia sp. (nematoda) in the face fly, musca autumnalis, in north america. | | 1971 | 5157172 |
| heterotylenchus autumnalis sp. n. (nematoda: sphaerulariidae), a parasite of the face fly, musca autumnalis de geer. | | 1967 | 6067115 |
| dividing the pie: differential dung pat size utilization by sympatric haematobia irritans and musca autumnalis. | horn flies [haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae) (l.)] and face flies [musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae) de geer] use the same larval resource, but their interactions are poorly studied. dung pats (n = 350) were core sampled in the summers of 2012 and 2013 from irrigated pastures in pomona, california, u.s.a. (34°03'n, 117°48'w) and held for face fly and horn fly emergence. surface areas and estimated weights were recorded for each whole pat. almost half (42.0%) of the pat cores yielded ne ... | 2016 | 26947576 |
| error analysis of compensation cutting technique for wavefront error of kh2po4 crystal. | considering the wavefront error of kh(2)po(4) (kdp) crystal is difficult to control through face fly cutting process because of surface shape deformation during vacuum suction, an error compensation technique based on a spiral turning method is put forward. an in situ measurement device is applied to measure the deformed surface shape after vacuum suction, and the initial surface figure error, which is obtained off-line, is added to the in situ surface shape to obtain the final surface figure to ... | 2013 | 24085161 |
| evaluation of sunlight-exposed pyrethroid-treated netting for the control of face fly and housefly (diptera: muscidae). | face flies, musca autumnalis de geer (diptera: muscidae), and houseflies, musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), have a significant impact on livestock and dairy production throughout north america. pyrethroid insecticide efficacy can be affected by exposure to direct sunlight, and the rate of photodegradation is substrate and formulation dependent. insecticide-treated netting (itn) is finding new applications in crop and livestock production systems. a baseline study using long-duration no-cho ... | 2014 | 23512609 |
| evaluation of eco-toxicological effects of the parasiticide moxidectin in comparison to ivermectin in 11 species of dung flies. | a standardized bioassay previously developed with ivermectin for the yellow dung fly (scathophagidae) and the face fly (muscidae) was applied to test the response of 11 dung fly species to the presumably less toxic parasiticide moxidectin. the results were compared to existing data for the same species tested with ivermectin, albeit two new species (scathophaga suilla and musca domestica) were tested here with both the substances. estimated lethal effect concentrations lc50 at which 50% of the f ... | 2013 | 23273869 |
| results of an international ring test with the dung fly musca autumnalis in support of a new oecd test guideline. | a standardized bioassay using the face fly, musca autumnalis l. (diptera: muscidae), was developed to test the lethal and sublethal toxicity of parasiticide residues in livestock dung. the repeatability of this test was assessed for the parasiticide ivermectin in seven tests performed in four laboratories in germany and france. additional results of limit tests were provided by two laboratories from the uk. test results had an acceptable range of heterogeneity. the calculated effect concentratio ... | 2010 | 20542534 |