| arbovirus isolations from mosquitoes collected during 1988 in the senegal river basin. | during august and september 1988, we collected adult mosquitoes from 14 locations in the senegal river basin to search for evidence of rift valley fever (rvf) viral activity one year after the 1987 outbreak, which occurred along the senegal-mauritania border. more than 62,000 specimens representing 18 species in seven genera were collected with carbon dioxide-baited, solid-state army miniature light traps and sheep-baited traps. twenty virus isolations from culex, aedes, and anopheles mosquitoes ... | 1992 | 1361722 |
| ambrosia maritima a larvicide and pupacide for anopheles pharoensis ambrosin as an effective insecticide. i. laboratory experimentation. | | 1986 | 3722901 |
| effect of sublethal concentrations of the insecticides ddt, abate and sevin applied to 3rd stage larvae of anopheles pharoensis on malaria cycle in the adult mosquito. | | 1974 | 4143383 |
| studies on the control of mosquitoes in egypt by means of chemosterilants. iv. sterilization of anopheles pharoensis and culex pipiens by apholate and thiotepa. | | 1971 | 5004301 |
| studies on the control of mosquitoes in egypt by means of chemosterilants. 3. sterilization of anopheles pharoensis and culex pipiens by metepa. | | 1970 | 5475199 |
| studies on the control of mosquitoes in egypt by means of chemosterilants. i. chemosterilization of anopheles pharoensis. | | 1969 | 5763287 |
| biology of egyptian anophelines. ii. biological activities of anopheles pharoensis under laboratory controlled conditions. | | 1969 | 5775501 |
| studies on the eradication of anopheles pharoensis by the sterile-male technique using cobalt-60. vii. population dynamics of mosquitoes in fayoum area, uar. | | 1969 | 5813511 |
| studies on the eradication of anopheles pharoensis theobald by the sterile-male technique using cobalt-60. i. biological effects of gamma radiation on the different developmental stages. | | 1966 | 5932263 |
| studies on eradication of anopheles pharoensis by the sterile-male technique using cobalt-60. ii. induced dominant lethals in the immature stages. | | 1966 | 5976112 |
| biology of egyptian anophelines. 1. biological activities of anopheles pharoensis in nature. | | 1967 | 6019857 |
| studies on the eradication of anopheles pharoensis by the sterile-male technique using cobalt-60. mating competitiveness in radiosterilized males. | | 1967 | 6042078 |
| studies on the eradication of anopheles pharoensis theobald by the sterile-male technique using cobalt-60. vi. sperm activity in males irradiated with the sterilizing dose. | | 1967 | 6054439 |
| studies on the eradication of anopheles pharoensis by the sterile-male technique using cobalt-60. 3. determination of the sterile dose and its biological effects on different characters related to "fitness" components. | | 1967 | 6068890 |
| studies on the eradication of anopheles pharoensis by the sterile-male technique using cobalt-60. iv. mating behavior and its frequency in the sterilized mosquitoes. | | 1967 | 6068891 |
| mosquito production and species succession from an area of irrigated rice fields in the gambia, west africa. | the succession of mosquito species and their abundance was observed through one cycle of dry-season irrigated rice cultivation near bansang in the gambia. the study covered a 21-week period, february-june 1975. mosquitoes were sampled using a single suction trap located in a dry field beside the rice fields. few mosquitoes were present before irrigation began. anopheles gambiae s.1., a. rufipes and culex neavei reached peak numbers 4 weeks after full-scale irrigation began and then declined in a ... | 1983 | 6142963 |
| in situ inhibition of cholinesterase in anopheles pharoensis and culex pipiens by malathion and fenitrothion. | | 1983 | 6631110 |
| histochemical localization of cholinesterases in some developmental stages of anopheles pharoensis and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | | 1983 | 6631111 |
| genetic observations on the taxon anopheles (cellia) pharoensis theobald (diptera: culicidae). | a photomap of the ovarian polytene chromosomes from anopheles pharoensis is presented. the arrangement shown is that found in populations from zululand, south africa, and represents the arbitrary standard for the taxon. two x-chromosome arrangements exist in samples from allopatric natural populations. crosses between females homozygous for the inverted arrangement, xa, and males carrying the standard arrangement, x+a, give f1 males that are sterile. females from this cross, and both males and f ... | 1983 | 6668636 |
| vector competence of egyptian mosquitoes for rift valley fever virus. | reintroduction of rift valley fever (rvf) into egypt in 1993 raised concerns about the potential for egyptian mosquitoes to transmit the virus. we evaluated the ability of aedes caspius, culex pipiens, cx. antennatus, cx. perexiguus, cx. poicilipes, and anopheles pharoensis collected in the aswan area and cx. pipiens collected in the nile delta to transmit rvf virus. all mosquito species tested were susceptible to rvf virus infection, with an. pharoensis and ae. caspius being the most sensitive ... | 1996 | 8619436 |
| identification of endemic foci of filariasis by examination of mosquitoes for microfilariae. | studies were conducted in the nile delta of egypt to determine the feasibility of detecting wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) in mosquitoes as a primary surveillance method for the identification of filariasis-endemic villages. initial experimental studies evaluated the ingestion, survival, and migration rates of w. bancrofti mf in culex pipiens and culex antennatus after mosquitoes were fed on infected volunteers. in 2 villages, 1,684 bloodfed mosquitoes were dissected during the night im ... | 1995 | 8825503 |
| observations on the irritability of mosquitos to ddt in uganda. | the need for new investigations on the effect of insecticides on the behaviour of mosquitos was recently stressed by the who expert committee on insecticides, which recommended a provisional method for the determination of the irritability of mosquitos to insecticides for trials in the field and the laboratory. one such trial, carried out in uganda under what can be termed typical field conditions, is reported in the present paper.two strains of anopheles gambiae, one of anopheles funestus, one ... | 1962 | 14024193 |
| normal susceptibility levels of anopheles pharoensis theobald to ddt and dieldrin. | | 1960 | 14412572 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| radiation-induced sterility for pupal and adult stages of the malaria mosquito anopheles arabiensis. | in the context of the sterile insect technique (sit), radiation-induced sterility in the malaria mosquito anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) was studied. male mosquitoes were exposed to gamma rays in the pupal or adult stage and dose-sterility curves were determined. | 2006 | 16700906 |
| complexity of the malaria vectorial system in cameroon: contribution of secondary vectors to malaria transmission. | malaria transmission in africa is a dynamic and complex system that is so far superficially understood. further knowledge is required to improve control of the disease. in the present report, we highlight the contribution of the so-called "secondary" malaria vectors to the overall parasite transmission intensity in several sites across cameroon, through a retrospective analysis of surveys from the organisation de coordination pour la lutte contre les endémies en afrique centrale database. in tot ... | 2006 | 17162956 |
| malaria vectors and transmission dynamics in coastal south-western cameroon. | malaria is a major public health problem in cameroon. unlike in the southern forested areas where the epidemiology of malaria has been better studied prior to the implementation of control activities, little is known about the distribution and role of anophelines in malaria transmission in the coastal areas. | 2007 | 17233883 |
| mosquito species succession and physicochemical factors affecting their abundance in rice fields in mwea, kenya. | the succession of mosquito species and abiotic factors affecting their distribution and abundance in rice (oryza spp.) fields was investigated over a 16-wk rice growing cycle covering the period between january and may 2006. fifteen experimental rice plots were sampled for mosquito larvae and characterized based on rice height, number of tillers, floating vegetation cover, water depth, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, ph, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and conductivity. microsc ... | 2007 | 17427706 |
| efficacy of trigonella foenum-graecum on third stage larvae and adult fecundity of anopheles pharoensis. | the insecticidal activity of trigonella foenum-graecunm (fenugreek) against the larval maturation and adult emergency of an. pharoensis 3rd stage was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. concentrations of 100%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.7%, 0.5% & 0.3% showed 100% larval mortality rate. 0.2% & 0.1% caused mortality of 88.9% & 66.7% respectively. on the other hand, the fecundity of emerged adults was zero % and 33.3%. however, one control larvae died and the nine emerged adu ... | 2006 | 16927858 |
| risk factors for house-entry by malaria vectors in a rural town and satellite villages in the gambia. | in the pre-intervention year of a randomized controlled trial investigating the protective effects of house screening against malaria-transmitting vectors, a multi-factorial risk factor analysis study was used to identify factors that influence mosquito house entry. | 2008 | 18179686 |
| host choice and multiple blood feeding behaviour of malaria vectors and other anophelines in mwea rice scheme, kenya. | studies were conducted between april 2004 and february 2006 to determine the blood-feeding pattern of anopheles mosquitoes in mwea kenya. | 2008 | 18312667 |
| malaria transmission in dakar: a two-year survey. | according to entomological studies conducted over the past 30 years, there was low malaria transmission in suburb of dakar but little evidence of it in the downtown area. however; there was some evidence of local transmission based on reports of malaria among permanent residents. an entomological evaluation of malaria transmission was conducted from may 2005 to october 2006 in two areas of dakar. | 2008 | 18796138 |
| mosquito species diversity and abundance in relation to land use in a riceland agroecosystem in mwea, kenya. | we conducted an entomological survey to determine the mosquito species diversity and abundance in relation to land use in the mwea rice scheme, kenya. adult mosquitoes were collected by indoor spraying of houses and outdoors by cdc light traps in three villages representing planned (mbuinjeru) and unplanned (kiamachiri) rice agroecosystems and a non-irrigated agroecosystem (murinduko). during the 12-month sampling period, a total of 98,708 mosquitoes belonging to five genera and 25 species were ... | 2006 | 16859101 |
| biting behavior and plasmodium infection rates of anopheles arabiensis from sille, ethiopia. | the man-biting behavior and plasmodium infection rates of anopheline mosquitoes were investigated in sille, a hyperendemic malarious area in southern ethiopia. seven anopheles species were identified from all night landing collections, conducted from 18:00 to 06:00h between october 2001 and august 2002. the predominant species was anopheles arabiensis (55.8%), followed by anopheles coustani (31.5%), anopheles pharoensis (9.5%), anopheles funestus (2.2%), anopheles nili (0.5%), anopheles marshall ... | 2006 | 16171769 |
| increase of malaria attacks among children presenting concomitant infection by schistosoma mansoni in senegal. | helminthic infections concomitant with malaria are common in inter-tropical areas. a recent study showed that mice co-infected with schistosoma mansoni and plasmodium chabaudi develop higher p. chabaudi parasitaemia and had a higher mortality rate. this important observation deserved to be further investigated among human populations.malaria attacks were recorded in 512 children aged 6-15 years living in richard toll (northern senegal) among whom 336 were infected by s. mansoni, and 175 were not ... | 2004 | 15544703 |
| cytopathological action in mosquito larvae fed with bacillus sphaericus (strain faiyoum) spore/crystal complex. | ingestion of bacillus sphaericus (strain faiyoum) spore/crystal complex by larvae of anopheles pharoensis, culex pipiens and aedes caspius was rapidly followed by a dissolution of the protein crystalline inclusions inside the anterior stomach of the three species. during the first day of the, b. sphaericus spores germinated within the mid-gut lumen, and were in a vegetative stage between 36-48 hours after ingestion when larvae began to die. ultrastructural observations focused on larval mid-gut ... | 2003 | 14964664 |
| laboratory evaluation of bacillus sphaericus recycling in mosquito larvae. | after ingestion by culex pipiens and anopheles pharoensis 4th instar larvae, spores of bacillus sphaericus strain faiyoum rapidly germinated inside live mosquito midgut. bacterial counts and electron microscopic observations on intoxicated larvae revealed that the number of viable spores rapidly decreased during the first 12 h, with a maximum between 12 and 24 h. in cadavers, the number of heat-resistant spores quickly increased between the first and second day post-feeding. after one week, the ... | 2003 | 14964657 |
| malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northern ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccines. | we studied the malaria transmission dynamics in kassena nankana district (knd), a site in northern ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccines. intensive mosquito sampling for 1 year using human landing catches in three micro-ecological sites (irrigated, lowland and rocky highland) yielded 18 228 mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus constituted 94.3% of the total collection with 76.8% captured from the irrigated communities. other species collected but in relatively few numb ... | 2004 | 14728621 |
| the possibility of active long-distance migrations by anopheles pharoensis theobald. | | 1962 | 13946633 |
| highly focused anopheline breeding sites and malaria transmission in dakar. | urbanization has a great impact on the composition of the vector system and malaria transmission dynamics. in dakar, some malaria cases are autochthonous but parasite rates and incidences of clinical malaria attacks have been recorded at low levels. ecological heterogeneity of malaria transmission was investigated in dakar, in order to characterize the anopheles breeding sites in the city and to study the dynamics of larval density and adult aggressiveness in ten characteristically different urb ... | 2009 | 19552809 |
| major variations in malaria exposure of travellers in rural areas: an entomological cohort study in western côte d'ivoire. | malaria remains a major threat, to both travellers and military personnel deployed to endemic areas. the recommendations for travellers given by the world health organization is based on the incidence of malaria in an area and do not take the degree of exposure into account. the aim of this article is to evaluate the exposure of travellers by entomologic methods, which are the commonly used measures of the intensity of malaria transmission. | 2009 | 19638219 |
| integration of irradiation with cytoplasmic incompatibility to facilitate a lymphatic filariasis vector elimination approach. | abstract: | 2009 | 19682363 |
| studies on the present status of insecticides resistance on mosquitoes using the diagnostic dosages in el-fayium governorate, a spot area of malaria in egypt. | insecticides susceptibility tests were conducted using the world health organization diagnostic doses on the adult and larvae of anopheles pharoensis and culex pipiens mosquitoes from fayium governorate in egypt. insecticides used were malathion, fenitrothion, temephos, diazinon, bromophos and fenthion from organophosphorous group and deltamethrin, permethrin and cypermethrin from synthetic pyrethroid group while propoxur was from carbamate group. larvae of a. pharoensis were resistant to fenitr ... | 2001 | 12557941 |
| mosquito species and their densities in some egyptian governorates. | the present work studied the mosquito's identification, distribution and densities in fourteen egyptian governorates. the abundance and distribution of mosquito species monitored by three phases. the first was carried out in 1999 in five governorates, qalyobia, menoufia, behaira, fayium and assuit. the second was in the year 2000 in kafr el sheikh, giza, sharkia, menia and aswan. the third was in the year 2001 in kena, el wady el gadeed, dakahlia and south sinai. culex species were the commonest ... | 2002 | 12049273 |
| male mating biology. | before sterile mass-reared mosquitoes are released in an attempt to control local populations, many facets of male mating biology need to be elucidated. large knowledge gaps exist in how both sexes meet in space and time, the correlation of male size and mating success and in which arenas matings are successful. previous failures in mosquito sterile insect technique (sit) projects have been linked to poor knowledge of local mating behaviours or the selection of deleterious phenotypes during colo ... | 2009 | 19917078 |
| field site selection: getting it right first time around. | the selection of suitable field sites for integrated control of anopheles mosquitoes using the sterile insect technique (sit) requires consideration of the full gamut of factors facing most proposed control strategies, but four criteria identify an ideal site: 1) a single malaria vector, 2) an unstructured, relatively low density target population, 3) isolation of the target population and 4) actual or potential malaria incidence. such a site can exist in a diverse range of situations or can be ... | 2009 | 19917079 |
| [malaria and rice growing in the senegal river delta (senegal)]. | an epidemiological survey of malaria was carried out from september 1992 to november 1994 in three villages located in the senegal river delta, two villages growing rice in irrigated fields and one practicing traditional rain water agriculture. entomological observations showed that anopheles pharoensis is the main anopheline species caught in the area with a high population density in the rice growing villages. the population density of species of the an. gambiae complex, represented by an. gam ... | 1995 | 8849295 |
| effects of forced egg retention on the temporal progression of west nile virus infection in culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | environmental factors that impact the biology of mosquito vectors can have epidemiological implications. lack of oviposition sites facilitated by environmental factors such as temperature and drought can often force culex spp. mosquitoes to retain their eggs. culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say were fed blood meals containing west nile virus (wnv; family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) and either allowed to oviposit or forced to retain their eggs through different time points postinfection (9, 13 ... | 2010 | 20146856 |
| studies on the biology of anopheles pharoensis theo. in egypt. | | 1984 | 6736720 |
| development of filarial parasites in mosquitos in north-east tanzania. | natural populations of 6 species of mosquito-anopheles tenebrosus, taeniorynchus (mansonioides) africanus, taeniorynchus (mansonioides) uniformis, anopheles coustani, anopheles ziemanni, and anopheles pharoensis-were examined for filarial parasites. infective stages of dirofilaria immitis were found in the first 3 of these species, which are therefore considered vectors. laboratory studies to see whether or not any of the 6 could potentially transmit wucheria bancrofti showed only a. tenebrosus ... | 1973 | 4151063 |
| rift valley fever virus epidemic in kenya, 2006/2007: the entomologic investigations. | in december 2006, rift valley fever (rvf) was diagnosed in humans in garissa hospital, kenya and an outbreak reported affecting 11 districts. entomologic surveillance was performed in four districts to determine the epidemic/epizootic vectors of rvf virus (rvfv). approximately 297,000 mosquitoes were collected, 164,626 identified to species, 72,058 sorted into 3,003 pools and tested for rvfv by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. seventy-seven pools representing 10 species tested po ... | 2010 | 20682903 |
| epidemiological investigation of bovine ephemeral fever outbreaks in israel. | outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever (bef) occurred in israel in 1990, 1999, and 2004. the main patterns of bef spread were similar in the 1990 and in 1999 epidemics, and the bef virus was probably carried in vectors transported by air streams across the rift valley and the red sea. in the 2004 outbreak, the primary focus of the disease was the southern mediterranean coastal plain and the disease agent was apparently brought by infected mosquitoes carried from their breeding site in the nile delt ... | 2010 | 20814543 |
| anopheles population dynamics in two malaria endemic villages in faiyum governorate, egypt. | anopheles populations were monitored for one year in 2 neighboring villages in faiyum governorate, egypt, to study factors causing differences in malaria prevalence. both villages contained the following species: anopheles pharoensis, an. sergentii, an. multicolor and an. tenebrosus. abundant larval breeding sites in abheet, the village with the higher malaria rate, accounted for the higher adult densities observed from human and animal biting collections and from indoor resting collections. ano ... | 1986 | 3333790 |
| culicidae diversity, malaria transmission and insecticide resistance alleles in malaria vectors in ouidah-kpomasse-tori district from benin (west africa): a pre-intervention study. | abstract: | 2010 | 20819214 |
| unexpected anthropophily in the potential secondary malaria vectors anopheles coustani s.l. and anopheles squamosus in macha, zambia. | abstract anopheles coustani s.l. and anopheles squamosus are sub-saharan mosquito species that have been implicated in malaria transmission. although generally believed to be of negligible importance due to their overwhelmingly zoophilic behavior, an. coustani s.l. and an. squamosus made up a large proportion of the anophelines collected by human landing catches during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 rainy seasons in macha, zambia. further, polymerase chain reaction-based blood meal identification s ... | 2010 | 21142969 |
| field trial of the insect growth regulator, dimilin, for control of anopheles pharoensis in gezira, sudan. | | 1986 | 3148687 |
| are herders protected by their herds? an experimental analysis of zooprophylaxis against the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis. | the number of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles pharoensis caught by human and cattle baits was investigated experimentally in the arba minch district of southern ethiopia to determine if attraction to humans, indoors or outdoors, was affected by the presence or absence of cattle. | 2011 | 21435266 |
| seasonal population changes and malaria transmission potential of anopheles pharoensis and the minor anophelines in mwea irrigation scheme, kenya. | a study in 1984 and 1985 showed that anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. pharoensis were the major anophelines in mwea irrigation scheme, kenya, constituting 83.86% and 15.69% of the catch respectively. four minor species made up the remaining 0.45%. the irrigation phase of the rice cultivation cycle in august, which linked the flooding effects of the two rainy seasons, resulted in major population increases of an. pharoensis and enabled continuous breeding for up to 9 months per year. the average of ... | 1989 | 2566271 |
| effects of larval and adult diet plus mating/insemination upon ovarian development of laboratory-reared anopheles pharoensis in egypt. | a study was conducted in egypt on the role of sugar and blood in oogenesis of anopheles pharoensis. also studied was the significance of mating vs. nonmating on oocyte maturity. ovarian development in this species was influenced by larval diet. those with inadequate larval nutrition emerged at christophers' stage i and required either a sugar or blood meal to reach the resting stage. a subsequent complete blood meal was needed to take these females to stage v of christophers (gravid). females wh ... | 1990 | 2324730 |
| anopheles pharoensis and transmission of plasmodium falciparum in the senegal river delta, west africa. | 1. anopheles pharoensis theobald was found to be the prevalent man-biting anopheline mosquito in the central area of the senegal river delta. 2. blood-fed females of an. pharoensis were obtained during september-december 1987 from mosquito bednets in the village of souhloul, near the boundoum dam, 70 km ne of st louis. 3. dried mosquito specimens were identified morphologically and each thorax processed using monoclonal antibody against the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. 4. f ... | 1990 | 2133009 |
| effect of laval breeding conditions on the morphological, ovarian and behavioral characteristics of anopheles pharoensis of the emerged females. | under laboratory conditions, morphological, ovarian and behavioral characteristics of anopheles pharoensis females were found to be affected by a combination of 3 larval environmental factors: quantity of food, density of larvae and salinity of the rearing medium. size and weight of the emerged females were decreased by lowering the quantity of food (basic ration), increasing the population density of larvae (200 larvae/pan) and increasing the salinity of the rearing medium (1/5 dilution of sea ... | 1991 | 1875074 |
| Conditions of malaria transmission in Dakar from 2007 to 2010. | Previous studies in Dakar have highlighted the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Anopheles gambiae s.l. biting rates. In order to improve the knowledge of the determinants of malaria transmission in this city, the present study reports the results of an extensive entomological survey that was conducted in 45 areas in Dakar from 2007 to 2010. | 2011 | 22018223 |
| larvicidal efficacy of ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant juniperus procera essential oil against afrotropical malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae). | to screen the essential oil of juniperus procera (j. procera) (cupressaceae) for larvicidal activity against late third instar larvae of anopheles arabiensis (an. arabiensis) patton, the principle malaria vector in ethiopia. | 0 | 25183156 |
| development and survival of anopheles pharoensis and an. multicolor from faiyum, egypt. | adults of anopheles pharoensis and an. multicolor were held under cycling environmental conditions in the laboratory to examine the duration of the gonotrophic cycles, survival and life expectancy, and to examine the life table characteristics of f1 larvae. the first gonotrophic cycle took 6.14 and 7.37 days for an. pharoensis and an. multicolor, respectively. subsequent gonotrophic cycles for the 2 species were shorter. daily survival rates of an. pharoensis and an. multicolor in the laboratory ... | 1991 | 1787399 |
| high prevalence of west nile virus in domestic birds and detection in 2 new mosquito species in madagascar. | west nile virus is an arthropod-borne zoonosis transmitted by a large number of mosquito species, and birds play a key role as reservoir of the virus. its distribution is largely widespread over africa, asia, the americas and europe. since 1978, it has frequently been reported in madagascar. studies described a high seroprevalence level of the virus in humans in different areas of the island and a human fatal case of wnv infection was reported in 2011. despite these reports, the epidemiology of ... | 2016 | 26807720 |
| laboratory infection of anopheles pharoensis with wuchereria bancrofti. | a. pharoensis was infected from a donor with a high count of w. bancrofti microfilariae. of the freshly dissected mosquitos, 81.6% were found to have ingested microfilariae, with an average of 12 +/- 2.2 microfilariae per mosquito. an infectivity rate of 41.9% was observed in mosquitos dissected between the eleventh and fifteenth days after feeding. a mean of 7.6 +/- 1.2 third-stage larvae was found in infective mosquitos. although a. pharoensis has not yet been found naturally infected with thi ... | 1977 | 340077 |
| bionomics of malaria vectors and relationship with malaria transmission and epidemiology in three physiographic zones in the senegal river basin. | following the implementation of two dams in the senegal river, entomological and parasitological studies were conducted in three different ecological zones in the senegal river basin (the low valley of senegal river, the guiers lake area and the low valley of ferlo) every 3 month in june 2004, september 2004, december 2004 and march 2005. the objective of this work was to study the influence of environmental heterogeneities on vector bionomics and malaria epidemiology. mosquitoes were collected ... | 2008 | 18068685 |
| reemergence of rift valley fever, mauritania, 2010. | a rift valley fever (rvf) outbreak in humans and animals occurred in mauritania in 2010. thirty cases of rvf in humans and 3 deaths were identified. rvfv isolates were recovered from humans, camels, sheep, goats, and culex antennatus mosquitoes. phylogenetic analysis of isolates indicated a virus origin from western africa. | 0 | 24447381 |
| abundance and dynamics of anopheline larvae in a highland malarious area of south-central ethiopia. | malaria is a public health problem in ethiopia, and increasingly so in highland areas, possibly because of global warming. this study describes the distribution, breeding habitat and monthly dynamics of anopheline larvae in butajira, a highland area in south-central ethiopia. | 2012 | 22695178 |
| ecology of urban malaria vectors in niamey, republic of niger. | urbanization in african cities has major impact on malaria risk. niamey, the capital of the republic of niger, is situated in the west african sahel zone. the short rainy season and human activities linked with the niger river influence mosquito abundance. this study aimed at deciphering the factors of distribution of urban malaria vectors in niamey. | 2016 | 27277707 |
| a critical appraisal of molecular xenomonitoring as a tool for assessing progress toward elimination of lymphatic filariasis. | we used molecular xenomonitoring (mx, detection of filarial dna in mosquitoes) to evaluate the impact of mass drug administration (mda) in sentinel locations in egypt with high (11.5%) and low (4.1%) baseline microfilaria prevalence rates. blood-fed culex pipiens were pooled by household and tested for wuchereria bancrofti dna by pcr. there was no significant relationship between the infection status of household residents and parasite dna status of mosquitoes from the same houses. after 5 mda r ... | 2007 | 17978055 |
| sampling outdoor, resting anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in western kenya with clay pots. | clay pots were analyzed as devices for sampling the outdoor resting fraction of anopheles gambiae giles (diptera: culicidae) and other mosquito species in a rural, western kenya. clay pots (anopheles gambiae resting pots, herein agrepots), outdoor pit shelters, indoor pyrethrum spray collections (psc), and colombian curtain exit traps were compared in collections done biweekly for nine intervals from april to june 2005 in 20 housing compounds. of 10,517 mosquitoes sampled, 4,668 an. gambiae s.l. ... | 2007 | 17294916 |
| very high ddt-resistant population of anopheles pharoensis theobald (diptera: culicidae) from gorgora, northern ethiopia. | standard who insecticide bioassay tests were carried out in gorgora, northern ethiopia to evaluate the susceptibility status of anopheles pharoensis theobald for the insecticides ddt, malathion, permethrin and deltamethrin. the mortality and when appropriate knockdown effect of the insecticides were observed. the results indicated that this species was resistant to ddt. a high mortality was obtained after exposure to permethrin and deltamethrin but below 97 % which is the limit for susceptibilit ... | 2006 | 17285855 |
| modeling larval malaria vector habitat locations using landscape features and cumulative precipitation measures. | predictive models of malaria vector larval habitat locations may provide a basis for understanding the spatial determinants of malaria transmission. | 2014 | 24903736 |
| efficacy of zingiber officinale on third stage larvae and adult fecundity of musca domestica and anopheles pharoensis. | the insecticidal activity of zingiber officinale against the larval maturation and adult emergency of anopheles pharoensis and musca domestica 3rd stage was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. at a. pharoensis concentrations of 100%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.7%, 0.5% & 0.3% showed 100% larval mortality rate. 0.2% & 0.1% caused mortality of 66.7% respectively. on the other hand, the fecundity of emerged adults was zero% and 50%. in m. domestica the concentrations from 25%- ... | 2008 | 18853613 |
| efficacy of cinnamomum zeylanicum on third stage larvae and adult fecundity of musca domestica and anopheles pharoensis. | the insecticidal activity of cinnamomum zeylanicum against the larval maturation and adult emergency of anopheles pharoensis and musca domestica 3rd stage was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. a. pharoensis with concentrations (conc.) of 100%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.7% & 0.5% showed 100% larval mortality. conc. of 0.3%, 0.2% & 0.1% caused mortality of 77.8%, 44.4% & 33.3% respectively. the fecundity of emerged adults was 0%, 60% & 50%. in m. domestica the conc. from 5 ... | 2008 | 18853621 |
| use of integrated malaria management reduces malaria in kenya. | during an entomological survey in preparation for malaria control interventions in mwea division, the number of malaria cases at the kimbimbi sub-district hospital was in a steady decline. the underlying factors for this reduction were unknown and needed to be identified before any malaria intervention tools were deployed in the area. we therefore set out to investigate the potential factors that could have contributed to the decline of malaria cases in the hospital by analyzing the malaria cont ... | 2008 | 19115000 |
| finding wolbachia in filarial larvae and culicidae mosquitoes in upper egypt governorate. | wolbachia is an obligatory intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium, present in over 20% of all insects altering insect reproductive capabilities and in a wide range of filarial worms which is essential for worm survival and reproduction. in egypt, no available data were found about wolbachia searching for it in either mosquitoes or filarial worms. thus, we aimed to identify the possible concurrent presence of wolbachia within different mosquitoes and filarial parasites, in assiut governorate, egyp ... | 2016 | 27417080 |
| seasonality, parasite diversity, and local extinctions in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | we incorporate stochastic, density-dependent seasonal recruitment in adult anopheles mosquito populations in a discrete-event model of plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission and find the probabilities of parasite extinction higher than with perennial transmission. seasonal fluctuations in vector populations act to synchronize the dynamics of infection and immunity in host populations, leading to fluctuations in parasite prevalence greater than expected solely on the basis of high- and low-se ... | 2001 | 19177178 |
| similar trends of susceptibility in anopheles arabiensis and anopheles pharoensis to plasmodium vivax infection in ethiopia. | around half of the global population is living in areas at risk of malaria infection. plasmodium vivax malaria has become increasingly prevalent and responsible for a high health and socio-economic burden in ethiopia. the availability of gametocyte carriers and mosquito species susceptible to p. vivax infection are vital for malaria transmission. determining the susceptibility of vector species to parasite infection in space and time is important in vector control programs. this study assesses t ... | 2016 | 27756355 |
| composition and genetics of malaria vector populations in the central african republic. | in many african countries malaria has declined sharply due to a synergy of actions marked by the introduction of vector control strategies, but the disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in central african republic (car). an entomological study was initiated with the aim to characterize the malaria vectors in bangui, the capital of car, and determine their vector competence. | 2016 | 27456078 |
| seasonal dynamics, longevity, and biting activity of anopheline mosquitoes in southwestern ethiopia. | continuous monitoring of vector species composition, abundance, dynamics, feeding pattern, and host finding strategy is the base to determine when, what, and how control should be implemented. thus, this study was conducted to assess entomological parameters of anopheline mosquitoes in nine villages in seka district, southwestern ethiopia, from june to december 2012. mosquito collection was carried out from selected households in each of the nine study villages using light trap catches from june ... | 2016 | 26798142 |
| zoophagic behaviour of anopheline mosquitoes in southwest ethiopia: opportunity for malaria vector control. | increased understanding of the feeding behaviours of malaria vectors is important to determine the frequency of human-vector contact and to implement effective vector control interventions. here we assess the relative feeding preferences of anopheles mosquitoes in relation to cattle and human host abundance in southwest ethiopia. | 2015 | 26684464 |
| monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in ethiopia and uganda: beyond garki project baseline survey. | scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. understanding changes in transmission and determinant factors will help to adapt control strategies accordingly. | 2015 | 26337671 |
| malaria incidence and assessment of entomological indices among resettled communities in ethiopia: a longitudinal study. | population resettlement has been considered among factors that may increase risk of malaria transmission. this study reports, the impact of resettlement on malaria incidence and entomological indices among communities resettled in suburbs of jimma town, southwestern ethiopia. | 2015 | 25626598 |
| transmission patterns of plasmodium falciparum by anopheles gambiae in benin. | to better control malaria, the clear and urgent need is for improved data to inform decision makers, but in several african countries, there is a lack of baseline data on vectors and variation in the intensity of malaria transmission. this has resulted in the implementation of vector control efforts that ignore variation in vector behaviour and intensity of transmission, an approach that is most often not cost-effective. this study presents a detailed entomological description of mosquito distri ... | 2014 | 25412948 |
| increased malaria transmission around irrigation schemes in ethiopia and the potential of canal water management for malaria vector control. | irrigation schemes have been blamed for the increase in malaria in many parts of sub-saharan africa. however, proper water management could help mitigate malaria around irrigation schemes in this region. this study investigates the link between irrigation and malaria in central ethiopia. | 2014 | 25218697 |
| anopheles ziemanni a locally important malaria vector in ndop health district, north west region of cameroon. | malaria transmission in cameroon is mediated by a plethora of vectors that are heterogeneously distributed across the country depending on the biotope. to effectively guide malaria control operations, regular update on the role of local anopheles species is essential. therefore, an entomological survey was conducted between august 2010 and may 2011 to evaluate the role of the local anopheline population in malaria transmission in three villages of the ndop health district in the northwest region ... | 2014 | 24903710 |
| evidence for perennial malaria in rural and urban areas under the sudanian climate of kandi, northeastern benin. | in arid settings, droughts usually lead to periods of very low or no malaria transmission. however, in rural kandi (sonsoro) in northeastern benin, several malaria cases are often diagnosed during dry seasons. the underlying factors accounting for this phenomenon remain unknown. | 2014 | 24564957 |
| impact of land-use on malaria transmission in the plateau region, southeastern benin. | the goal of the study is to investigate if local agricultural practices have an impact on malaria transmission in four villages located in the same geographical area within a radius of 15 kilometers. among the villages, one (itassoumba) is characterized by the presence of a large market garden and fishpond basins, the three others (itakpako, djohounkollé and ko-koumolou) are characterized by traditional food-producing agriculture. | 2013 | 24330734 |
| impact of housing condition on indoor-biting and indoor-resting anopheles arabiensis density in a highland area, central ethiopia. | exposure of individuals to malaria infection may depend on their housing conditions as houses serve as biting and resting places of vectors. this study describes the association of housing conditions with densities of indoor-biting and indoor-resting anopheles arabiensis in hobe, dirama and wurib villages of a highland area in central ethiopia. | 2013 | 24191901 |
| impact of operational effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) on malaria transmission in pyrethroid-resistant areas. | a dynamic study on the transmission of malaria was conducted in two areas (r⁺ area: low resistance area; r⁺⁺⁺ area: high resistance area) in the department of plateau in south eastern benin, where the population is protected by long lasting insecticidal nets (llins). the aim of this study was to determine if the resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides has an impact on their behavior and on the effectiveness of llins in the reduction of malaria transmission. | 2013 | 24499508 |
| assessment of the effect of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying for malaria control in three rural kebeles of adami tulu district, south central ethiopia. | in the adami tulu district, indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns) has been the main tool used to control malaria. the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of irs and itns control strategies in aneno shisho kebele (lowest administrative unit of ethiopia) compared with kamo gerbi (supplied itn only) and jela aluto (no irs and itns), with regards to the prevalence of malaria and mosquito density. | 2012 | 22533789 |
| identifying the most productive breeding sites for malaria mosquitoes in the gambia. | ideally larval control activities should be targeted at sites that generate the most adult vectors, thereby reducing operational costs. despite the plethora of potential mosquito breeding sites found in the floodplains of the gambia river, about 150 km from its mouth, during the rainy season, only a small proportion are colonized by anophelines on any day. this study aimed to determine the characteristics of larval habitats most frequently and most densely populated by anopheline larvae and to e ... | 2009 | 19361337 |
| radiation biology of mosquitoes. | there is currently renewed interest in assessing the feasibility of the sterile insect technique (sit) to control african malaria vectors in designated areas. the sit relies on the sterilization of males before mass release, with sterilization currently being achieved through the use of ionizing radiation. this paper reviews previous work on radiation sterilization of anopheles mosquitoes. in general, the pupal stage was irradiated due to ease of handling compared to the adult stage. the dose-re ... | 2009 | 19917076 |
| linking land cover and species distribution models to project potential ranges of malaria vectors: an example using anopheles arabiensis in sudan and upper egypt. | anopheles arabiensis is a particularly opportunistic feeder and efficient vector of plasmodium falciparum in africa and may invade areas outside its normal range, including areas separated by expanses of barren desert. the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how spatial models can project future irrigated cropland and potential, new suitable habitat for vectors such as an. arabiensis. | 2012 | 22866895 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection rates for some anopheles spp. from guinea-bissau, west africa. | presence of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in a sample of anopheles gambiae s.s., a. melas and a. pharoensis collected in guinea-bissau during october and november 2009. the percentage of p. falciparum infected samples (10.2% overall; confidence interval (ci): 7.45-13.6%) was comparable to earlier studies from other sites in guinea-bissau (9.6-12.4%). the majority of the specimens collected were identified as a. gamb ... | 2014 | 25383188 |
| blood meal sources and entomological inoculation rates of anophelines along a highland altitudinal transect in south-central ethiopia. | the role of anophelines in transmitting malaria depends on their distribution, preference to feed on humans and also their susceptibility to plasmodium gametocytes, all of which are affected by local environmental conditions. blood meal source and entomological inoculation rate of anophelines was assessed along a highland altitudinal transect in south- central ethiopia. | 2013 | 23433348 |
| preliminary study of malaria incidence in nouakchott, mauritania. | malaria is one of the main motives for outpatient consultation and hospitalization in mauritania. however, its incidence remains unclear because of diagnostic problems and insufficient epidemiological data. | 2009 | 19416545 |
| rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis. | rickettsia felis is an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen and the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever. first described as a human pathogen from the usa in 1991, r. felis is now identified throughout the world and considered a common cause of fever in africa. the cosmopolitan distribution of this pathogen is credited to the equally widespread occurrence of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), the primary vector and reservoir of r. felis. although r. felis is a relatively new member ... | 2016 | 27340613 |