| [lead poisoning in norwegian waterfowl (author's transl)]. | in connection with routine autopsy of wild birds, liver samples from 56 waterfowl, representing 12 species, were analyzed for the content of lead. the median value for the birds examined was 0.2 microgram pb/g wet weight. concentrations probably causing lead poisoning were found in 1 mallard (anas platyrhychos) with 11 microgram pb/g liver and in 8 whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) with 5.8--55 microgram pb/g liver. clinical observations and pathological findings of "typical" lead poisoning were fou ... | 1978 | 693280 |
| pathological study of lead poisoning in whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) in japan. | during spring 1989, thirty-three whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) died at lake miyajima in hokkaido, japan; 15 were examined. the birds were diagnosed as having subacute lead poisoning due to ingestion of spent lead shot. the main gross findings were bile-stained liver, edematous or gelatinous bone marrow, bile-stained lining with hyperkeratosis and lead pellets in the gizzard, and proventricular impaction. histopathologically, there was lead-hemolytic jaundice of the liver, hemosiderosis in the li ... | 1992 | 1627104 |
| lead poisoning in whooper and tundra swans. | six weak whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) and two weak tundra swans (cygnus columbianus) were found at swamp miyajima (hokkaido, japan) in may 1998. anorexia, depression, green watery feces, pale conjunctiva, and anemia were observed. radiographs showed from six to 38 suspected lead pellets in the gizzard. blood lead concentrations were 2.5-6.7 microg/g (mean+/-sd=4.6+/-1.14 microg/g) on day 1. after blood collection, the birds were treated with calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (caedta) ... | 2005 | 15827233 |
| allobilharzia visceralis gen. nov., sp. nov. (schistosomatidae-trematoda) from cygnus cygnus (l.) (anatidae). | in iceland, the examination of whooper swans (cygnus cygnus l.) viscera resulted in the detection of adult digenean flukes of the family schistosomatidae. the mature worms occurring in the blood vessels of the large intestine and mesenterium caused vascular lesions, around the eggs deposited in the intestinal mucosa and liver granulomatous reactions developed. the morphology of the isolated schistosomes shows certain similarity with the flukes of the genus trichobilharzia; in males reduced gynec ... | 2006 | 16627001 |
| [are nasal trichobilharzia cercariae potential threath to human health?] | during late summer in 1995 to 1997, repeated outbreaks of maculopapular skin eruptions were observed on legs of children after wading in the pond of the family park in reykjavík, iceland. investigation, starting in autumn 1997, revealed that the causative agent was a previously undescribed schistosome cercaria of the genus trichobilharzia, shed by radix peregra, the only snail occurring in the pond. this was the first report of swimmer's itch in iceland. infection experiments with cercariae from ... | 2002 | 16940624 |
| molecular analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of subtype h5n1 isolated from wild birds and mammals in northern germany. | analysis of the full-length sequences of all eight segments of the german wild-bird h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus index isolate, a/cygnus cygnus/germany/r65/2006, and an h5n1 isolate from a cat (a/cat/germany/r606/2006) obtained during an outbreak in february 2006 revealed a very high similarity between these two sequences. one amino acid substitution in the pa gene, encoding a protein involved in virus rna replication, and one amino acid substitution in the haemagglutinin (ha) pr ... | 2007 | 17251574 |
| pathology of natural infections by h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in mute (cygnus olor) and whooper (cygnus cygnus) swans. | mortality in wild aquatic birds due to infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) is a rare event. during the recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in germany, mortality due to h5n1 hpaiv was observed among mute and whooper swans as part of a rapid spread of this virus. in contrast to earlier reports, swans appeared to be highly susceptible and represented the mainly affected species. we report gross and histopathology and distribution of influenza virus anti ... | 2007 | 17317790 |
| distribution of lesions and antigen of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a/swan/germany/r65/06 (h5n1) in domestic cats after presumptive infection by wild birds. | in early 2006, the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 of the asian lineage caused the death of wild aquatic birds in northern germany. in the mainly affected areas, a trans-species transmission of hpaiv h5n1 to mammals occurred between birds and domestic cats and 1 stone marten (martes foina), respectively. here, we report lesions and distribution of influenza virus antigen in 3 cats infected naturally with hpaiv h5n1 a/swan/germany/r65/06. the hemagglutinin partial nucleotide ... | 2007 | 17491066 |
| diversity of bird schistosomes in anseriform birds in iceland based on egg measurements and egg morphology. | radix balthica is the only freshwater mollusc in iceland that has been found to be the intermediate host of ocellate furcocercariae. infections are common. on average, 4.8% out of almost 7,000 snails examined during 2003-2006 were found to shed cercariae in late summer and autumn. search for adult bird schistosome worms, eggs and miracidia in the intestines and in the nasal cavity of 110 water birds of the orders gaviiformes (one species), podicipediformes (one species) and anseriformes (nine sp ... | 2008 | 18299894 |
| [epizooty caused by high-virulent influenza virus a/h5n1 of genotype 2.2 (qinghai-siberian) among wild and domestic birds on the paths of fall migrations to the north-western part of the azov sea basin (krasnodar territory)]. | isolation, followed by the sequencing the full-size genome of strains of a/chicken/krasnodarl300/07 and a/cygnus cygnus/krasnodar/329/07, has shown that they belong to genotype 2.2 (qinghai-siberian). the strains were deposited at the state virus collection of the russian federation and nucleotide consequences were at the international databank genbank. the strains contained 10 unique amino acid replacements in reference to the consensus of the qinghai-siberian genotype in the pb2, pa, ha, na, a ... | 2008 | 18450104 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n1) in experimentally infected adult mute swans. | adult, healthy mute swans were experimentally infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a/cygnus cygnus/germany/r65/2006 subtype h5n1. immunologically naive birds died, whereas animals with preexisting, naturally acquired avian influenza virus-specific antibodies became infected asymptomatically and shed virus. adult mute swans are highly susceptible, excrete virus, and can be clinically protected by preexposure immunity. | 2008 | 18680652 |
| a review on swimmer's itch and the occurrence of bird schistosomes in iceland. | in the past decade, swimmer's itch (si) has repeatedly occurred in people who have been wading or bathing in ponds or lakes in iceland where water birds and snails are abundant. some of the affected sites were warmed by geothermal activity, and others were not. a search for the causative agent of si, ocellate furcocercariae that have been found in iceland only in radix peregra snails, revealed an average infection prevalence of 1.4% (n = 12,432). locally, infection rates commonly exceeded 6%, th ... | 2009 | 19368747 |
| migration of whooper swans and outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus in eastern asia. | evaluating the potential involvement of wild avifauna in the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 (hereafter h5n1) requires detailed analyses of temporal and spatial relationships between wild bird movements and disease emergence. the death of wild swans (cygnus spp.) has been the first indicator of the presence of h5n1 in various asian and european countries; however their role in the geographic spread of the disease remains poorly understood. we marked 10 whooper swans (cygnus c ... | 2009 | 19479053 |
| efficacy of a commercial inactivated h5 influenza vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 in waterfowl evaluated under field conditions. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) can cause devastating losses in the poultry industry. in addition, several hpaiv exhibit a zooanthroponotic potential and can cause fatal infections in humans. these attributes particularly apply to hpaiv h5n1 of asian origin. due to the absence of overt clinical symptoms, introduction and subsequent spread of hpaiv h5n1 in domestic waterfowl (especially ducks) may occur undetected, which increases the risk of transspecies transmissions to highly v ... | 2009 | 19618632 |
| pathology of whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) infected with h5n1 avian influenza virus in akita, japan, in 2008. | two (1 adult and 1 young bird) of 4 h5n1-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza (hpai)-virus-infected whooper swans in akita, japan, in 2008 were investigated pathologically. macroscopically, white spots with hemorrhages were scattered in the pancreas in the adult bird. histologically, the adult bird had severe necrotizing pancreatitis and mild nonpurulent encephalitis. the young bird had severe nonpurulent encephalitis and nonpurulent enteric ganglionitis, and intestinal venous wall thickening. viru ... | 2009 | 19887746 |
| characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in mongolia 2005 through 2007. | since the emergence of h5n1 high pathogenicity (hp) avian influenza virus (aiv) in asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in virus dissemination. in accordance with this a surveillance program for aiv in wild birds was conducted in mongolia from 2005-2007. an important feature of mongolia is that there is little domestic poultry production in the country, therefore aiv detection in wild birds would not likely be ... | 2009 | 19891786 |
| [highly pathogenic avian influenza and wild birds]. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) subtype h5n1 prevails worldwide and causes serious problems in poultry industry. the virus is also known as one of the most important zoonotic agents derived from avian species. because many bird species other than poultry such as chicken and duck are susceptible for hpaiv infection, wild birds are thought to play an important role in distribution and transmission of the virus. however, the ecological role of wild birds as a reservoir of hpaiv in n ... | 2009 | 19927989 |
| pathogenesis of venous hypertrophy associated with schistosomiasis in whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) in japan. | thirteen whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) affected with schistosomiasis were examined pathologically. venous hypertrophy, characterized by marked nodular proliferation of medial smooth muscle fibers with frequent obliteration of the vascular lumen, was observed in eight of the 13 whooper swans. venous hypertrophy was located in the medium-sized veins of the mesentery, the serosa, and the muscular layer of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum. in addition, vascular lesions were seen in the capsul ... | 2010 | 20408415 |
| myocarditis by nematodes infection, presumably sarconema eurycerca, in a wild whooper swan (cygnus cygnus) in korea. | a dead whooper swan was found in an area of cropland near a stream and was submitted to the national veterinary research and quarantine service (nvrqs) in korea. the affected animal was in relatively good condition. grossly, the heart was enlarged and had pale and dark red stripes. a white, elongate parasite was seen on the cut surface of the heart. histopathologically, severe lymphohistiocytic inflammation, myocardial necrosis, many adult heart worms and microfilariae were observed in the myoca ... | 2010 | 20431254 |
| antigenic, genetic, and pathogenic characterization of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from dead whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) found in northern japan in 2008. | in april and may 2008, whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) were found dead in hokkaido in japan. in this study, an adult whooper swan found dead beside lake saroma was pathologically examined and the identified h5n1 influenza virus isolates were genetically and antigenically analyzed. pathological findings indicate that the swan died of severe congestive edema in the lungs. phylogenetic analysis of the ha genes of the isolates revealed that they are the progeny viruses of isolates from poultry and wil ... | 2010 | 20848174 |
| neurotropism in blackcaps (sylvia atricapilla) and red-billed queleas (quelea quelea) after highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 infection. | the epidemiologic role of passerine birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) remains controversial. however, confirmed natural infections with hpaiv in passeriformes, their close contact to poultry and humans, and their role as a human food source indicate a need for increased research on passerines. to date, there are only a few studies on viral shedding and pathomorphologic changes in songbirds infected with hpaiv. to investigate susceptibility, clinical outcome, ... | 2010 | 20974871 |
| necrotic dermatitis in waterfowl associated with consumption of perennial rye grass (lolium perenne). | mute swans (cygnus olor), whooper swans (cygnus cygnus), and mixed-breed domestic geese (anser anser domesticus) were presented for necrotic lesions on the feet, eyelids, and beak. individuals from the same collection of birds had developed identical lesions during march-september of each of the previous 3 years. vesicular and necrotic dermatitis involved only nonfeathered and nonpigmented areas of the integument. no abnormal clinical signs were seen on either carnivorous species or birds with p ... | 2011 | 21657187 |
| first detection of allobilharzia visceralis (schistosomatidae, trematoda) from cygnus cygnus in japan. | adult schistosomes were detected in the veins or capillaries of the large intestine, mesentery, liver, and adrenal glands in eight of 13 whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) examined in iwate prefecture, japan. however, neither eggs nor severe tissue injuries were observed in any of the swans. the schistosomes were definitively identified as allobilharzia visceralis based on the nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) region. allobilharzia visceralis infections have been ... | 2017 | 27776999 |
| identification of two novel reassortant avian influenza a (h5n6) viruses in whooper swans in korea, 2016. | on november 20, 2016 two novel strains of h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaivs) were isolated from three whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) at gangjin bay in south jeolla province, south korea. identification of hpaivs in wild birds is significant as there is a potential risk of transmission of these viruses to poultry and humans. | 2017 | 28327168 |
| antibodies to influenza a virus in wild birds across mongolia, 2006-2009. | wild waterbirds sampled july 2006-september 2009 in mongolia were tested for antibodies to avian influenza (ai) virus with the use of a commercially available blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibodies were detected in 25% (572/2,282) of tested birds representing 26 species, and all antibody-positive samples were from 12 species in the orders anseriformes and charadriiformes. the highest antibody prevalence was in ruddy shelducks (tadorna ferruginea; 61.7%; n=261; 95% confidence inte ... | 2012 | 22740544 |
| computer simulation of fat and muscle burn in long-distance bird migration | the mechanical power required from a bird's flight muscles was recalculated at regular intervals (default 6 min), and the energy consumed in the interval was accounted for by reducing fuel reserves, which also reduced the all-up mass and the body cross-sectional area. part of the energy requirement was met by consuming flight muscle tissue, according to one of three alternative "muscle burn criteria". these were (1) specific work held constant, (2) power density held constant and (3) muscle mass ... | 1998 | 9593656 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of cygnus cygnus (aves, anseriformes, anatidae). | in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of cygnus cygnus (aves, anseriformes, anatidae) was sequenced. the genome, consisting of 16 724 base pairs (bp), encoded 13 protein coding genes (pcgs), two ribosomal rnas (rrnas), 22 transfer rnas (trnas), and a control region (cr). two rrna genes for 12s rrna (991 bases) and 16s rrna (1608 bases) are located between trna-phe and trna-leu (uur) and divided by the trna-val. the cr, of 1156 bp in length, is located between trna-glu and trna-phe. th ... | 2016 | 26153753 |
| lead poisoning in swans in japan. | we investigated the occurrence, source and exposure time of lead poisoning in whooper swans (cygnus cygnus cygnus) and bewick's swans (cygnus columbianus bewickii) in japan during the winters of 1984-1987. concentrations of lead in various tissues and physiological evidence of lead shot in some birds indicated that lead shotgun pellets were the source of lead, and exposure occurred after the birds arrived in japan. mortality probably occurred within 30 days after exposure to, and retention of, l ... | 1990 | 15092262 |
| trace element exposure of whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) wintering in a marine lagoon (swan lake), northern china. | trace element poisoning remains a great threat to various waterfowl and waterbirds throughout the world. in this study, we determined the trace element exposure of herbivorous whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) wintering in swan lake (rongcheng), an important swan protection area in northern china. a total of 70 samples including abiotic factors (seawater, sediments), food sources (seagrass, macroalgae), feathers and feces of whooper swans were collected from the marine lagoon during the winters of 2 ... | 2017 | 28392089 |
| widespread exposure to lead affects the body condition of free-living whooper swans cygnus cygnus wintering in britain. | lead poisoning, through the ingestion of spent lead gunshot, is an established cause of morbidity and mortality in waterbirds globally, but the thresholds at which blood levels begin to affect the physiology of birds in the wild are less well known. here we determine the prevalence of lead exposure in whooper swans and, for the first time, identify the level of blood lead associated with initial reductions in body condition. blood lead elevated above background levels (i.e. >20 μg dl(-1)) was fo ... | 2016 | 26629647 |
| the role of passive avian head stabilization in flapping flight. | birds improve vision by stabilizing head position relative to their surroundings, while their body is forced up and down during flapping flight. stabilization is facilitated by compensatory motion of the sophisticated avian head-neck system. while relative head motion has been studied in stationary and walking birds, little is known about how birds accomplish head stabilization during flapping flight. to unravel this, we approximate the avian neck with a linear mass-spring-damper system for vert ... | 2015 | 26311316 |
| cardiomegaly in a whooper swan (cygnus cygnus). | | 2005 | 15736701 |
| molecular characterization of avian paramyxovirus types 4 and 8 isolated from wild migratory waterfowl in mongolia. | avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) constitute some of the most globally prevalent avian viruses and are frequently isolated from wild migratory bird species. using 1,907 fresh fecal samples collected during the 2012 avian influenza surveillance program, we identified two serotypes of apmv: apmv-4 ( n=10) and apmv-8 ( n=1). sequences for these isolates phylogenetically clustered with asian apmv-4 and apmv-8 recently isolated from wild birds in korea, japan, china, and kazakhstan. analysis by dna barco ... | 2017 | 29286260 |
| characterization of whooper swan (cygnus cygnus) interferon α: prokaryotic expression, biological activities, and physicochemical characteristics. | whooper swan cygnus cygnus interferon alpha (cyifn-α) gene was amplified from genomic dna in the liver of whooper swan, which encodes a 192-amino acid protein containing a 29-amino acid signal peptide. bioinformatics analysis showed it containes 7 cysteine residues and 5 alpha helices. after expression in prokaryote, purification and renaturation, cyifn-α was analyzed on its physicochemical property and antiviral activity. in chicken embryo fibroblasts, cyifn-α exerted more superior anti-vesicul ... | 2018 | 29189090 |
| serological evidence of h5-subtype influenza a virus infection in indigenous avian and mammalian species in korea. | in korea, h5-subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) has caused huge economic losses in poultry farms through outbreaks of h5n1 since 2003, h5n8 since 2013 and h5n6 since 2016. although it was reported that long-distance migratory birds may play a major role in the global spread of avian influenza viruses (aivs), transmission from such birds to poultry has not been confirmed. intermediate hosts in the wild also may be a potential factor in viral transmission. therefore, a total of 367 s ... | 2018 | 29204739 |
| next-generation sequencing of five new avian paramyxoviruses 8 isolates from kazakhstan indicates a low genetic evolution rate over four decades. | five avian paramyxoviruses of serotype 8 (apmv-8) were isolated during a study monitoring wild birds in kazakhstan in 2013 and each was further characterized. the viruses were isolated from three white-fronted geese (anser albifrons), one whooper swan (cygnus cygnus), and one little stint (calidris minuta). before our study, only two complete apmv-8 sequences had been reported worldwide since their discovery in the usa and japan in the 1970s. we report the complete genome sequences of the newly ... | 2018 | 29058150 |
| first detection of enterocytozoon bieneusi in whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) in china. | enterocytozoon bieneusi is a parasite that infects humans and a wide range of other animals. the large migratory waterfowl, the whooper swan (cygnus cygnus), travels through many cities during its migration and can spread parasites. despite receiving increasing attention worldwide, there have been no reports of e. bieneusi infection occurring in c. cygnus. therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of e. bieneusi in c. cygnus in sanmenxia, china. | 2020 | 31910900 |
| first detection of cryptosporidium spp. in migratory whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) in china. | cryptosporidium is an important protozoan parasite that can cause gastrointestinal diseases in humans and that also causes respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in birds. in this study, we investigated the occurrence of cryptosporidium species in migratory whooper swans in china. fecal samples (n = 467) from whooper swans were collected from sanmenxia swan lake national urban wetland park, china. the samples were analyzed for cryptosporidium species and genotypes with pcr along a sequence an ... | 2019 | 31861389 |
| waterbird counts on large water bodies: comparing ground and aerial methods during different ice conditions. | the aerial and ground methods of counting birds in a coastal area during different ice conditions were compared. ice coverage of water was an important factor affecting the results of the two methods. when the water was ice-free, more birds were counted from the ground, whereas during ice conditions, higher numbers were obtained from the air. the first group of waterbirds with the smallest difference between the two methods (average 6%) contained seven species: mute swan cygnus olor, whooper swa ... | 2018 | 30038859 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of repetitive sequences comprising centromeric heterochromatin in three anseriformes species. | the highly repetitive dna sequence of centromeric heterochromatin is an effective molecular cytogenetic marker for investigating genomic compartmentalization between macrochromosomes and microchromosomes in birds. we isolated four repetitive sequence families of centromeric heterochromatin from three anseriformes species, viz., domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos, apl), bean goose (anser fabalis, afa), and whooper swan (cygnus cygnus, ccy), and characterized the sequences by molecular cytogenetic ... | 2019 | 30913221 |
| characterization of myxovirus resistance protein in birds showing different susceptibilities to highly pathogenic influenza virus. | we compared the mx expression and anti-viral function and the 3d structure of mx protein in four species: chicken (gallus gallus), whooper swan (cygnus cygnus), jungle crow (corvus macrorhynchos), and rock dove (columba livia). we observed different mortalities associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) infection to understand the relationship between mx function as an immune response factor and hpaiv proliferation in bird cells. different levels of mx were observed among th ... | 2020 | 32173692 |
| estimating animal population size with very high-resolution satellite imagery. | very high-resolution (vhr) satellite sensors can be used to estimate the size of animal populations, a critical factor in wildlife management, and acquire animal spatial distributions in an economical, easy, and precise way. we developed a method for satellite population size estimation that includes a noninvasive photogrammetry, from which the animal's average orthographic area is calculated, and an imagery interpretation method that estimates population size based on the ratio of an observed a ... | 2020 | 32839996 |
| single beam sonar reveals the distribution of the eelgrass zostera marina l. and threats from the green tide algae chaetomorpha linum k. in swan-lake lagoon (china). | seagrass meadows are declining at alarming rates globally due to both anthropogenic activities and natural threats. seagrasses play key ecological roles in coastal ecosystems as primary producers and providers of habitat and environmental structure. therefore, mapping seagrass beds is indispensable for the effective monitoring and management of coastal vegetated habitats. in contrast to direct sampling techniques and optical remote sensing, active hydroacoustic techniques are relatively inexpens ... | 2019 | 31590831 |
| tear production and intraocular pressure values in clinically normal eyes of whooper swans (cygnus cygnus). | the objective of this study was to determine the normal range of tear production and values of intraocular pressure (iop) in clinically normal eyes of whooper swans (cygnus cygnus). a total of 86 birds: 81 cygnets (6-10 weeks old) and 5 moulting - adult swans (3-6 years old) were examined in this study. both eyes of all birds underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including evaluation of tear production with the phenol red thread test (prtt) and the assessment of the iop by rebound tonomet ... | 2018 | 30483458 |
| migratory whooper swans cygnus cygnus transmit h5n1 virus between china and mongolia: combination evidence from satellite tracking and phylogenetics analysis. | in late 2014, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hereafter hpai) h5n1 outbreak infected whooper swans cygnus cygnus wintering at the sanmenxia reservoir area, china, and raised concerns about migratory linkages between wintering and breeding grounds of whooper swans. in this study, 61 swans were satellite tracked from 2013 to 2016 to determine the spatial association of their migration routes and h5n1 outbreaks, and 3596 fecal samples were collected along the migration routes for virology test ... | 2018 | 29728621 |
| do contrasting patterns of migration movements and disease outbreaks between congeneric waterfowl species reflect differing immunity? | long-distance migrations influence the dynamics of hostpathogen interactions and understanding the role of migratory waterfowl in the spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) is important. while wild geese have been associated with outbreak events, disease ecology of closely related species has not been studied to the same extent. the swan goose (anser cygnoides) and the bar-headed goose (anser indicus) are congeneric species with distinctly different hpaiv infection recor ... | 2021 | 34000793 |
| maternal transfer of antibodies specific for avian influenza viruses in captive whooper swans (cygnus cygnus). | the transfer of maternal antibodies to offspring can effectively protect against avian influenza virus (aiv) infection during early life in chickens and can prevent aiv spread by decreasing the overall percentage of the avian population susceptible to this pathogen. herein, we evaluated maternal antibody transfer dynamics in whooper swans (cygnus cygnus), which represent an important aiv host species. in total, 57 eggs from 19 nests were collected to study the relationship between egg yolk aiv-s ... | 2021 | 33836315 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4 subtype h5n6 viruses isolated from wild whooper swans, mongolia, 2020. | we identified clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n6) viruses from whooper swans (cygnus cygnus) found dead in mongolia. the identification of these infections in wild birds in this area is of concern because of the potential for virus dissemination during fall migration. | 2021 | 33754986 |
| data on swan arrival, departure, and population size on the asadokoro tidal flat, aomori prefecture, japan, from 1956 to 2010. | the arrival and departure dates and the daily maximum populations of migrating swans (cygnus cygnus) on the asadokoro tidal flat, hiranai town, aomori prefecture, japan, were recorded by elementary school students for more than 50 years between 1956 and 2010. the asadokoro tidal flat, which lies along the coast of mutsu bay, has been designated a national special natural monument, known as the swans of kominato and their migration grounds. this long history of observation unfortunately came to a ... | 2021 | 33659589 |