| rickettsia felis in fleas, germany. | among 310 fleas collected from dogs and cats in germany, rickettsia felis was detected in all specimens (34) of archaeopsylla erinacei (hedgehog flea) and in 9% (24/226) of ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea). r. helvetica was detected in 1 ceratophyllus gallinae (hen flea). | 2008 | 18680660 |
| on the equivalence of host local adaptation and parasite maladaptation: an experimental test. | abstract in spatiotemporally varying environments, host-parasite coevolution may lead to either host or parasite local adaptation. using reciprocal infestations over 11 pairs of plots, we tested local adaptation in the hen flea and its main host, the great tit. flea reproductive success (number of adults at host fledging) was lower on host individuals from the same plot compared with foreign hosts (from another plot), revealing flea local maladaptation. host reproductive success (number of fled ... | 2012 | 22218315 |
| variation in innate immunity in relation to ectoparasite load, age and season: a field experiment in great tits (parus major). | it remains largely unknown which factors affect the innate immune responses of free-living birds. nevertheless, the degree of innate immunity may play a crucial role in an individual's survival as it procures the first defence against pathogens. we manipulated the ectoparasite load of great tit (parus major) nests by infesting them with hen fleas (ceratophyllus gallinae) before egg laying. we subsequently quantified natural antibody (nab) concentration and complement activation in nestlings and ... | 2010 | 20709930 |
| sex-related effects of maternal egg investment on offspring in relation to carotenoid availability in the great tit. | 1. maternal carotenoids in the egg yolk have been hypothesized to promote maturation of the immune system and protect against free radical damages. depending on availability, mothers may thus influence offspring quality by depositing variable amounts of carotenoids into the eggs. sex allocation theory predicts that in good quality environments, females should invest into offspring of the sex that will provide larger fitness return, generally males. 2. in a field experiment we tested whether fema ... | 2008 | 18177329 |
| chicken infestation with ceratophyllus niger (black hen flea) in alberta. | | 1955 | 17648799 |
| parasites shape the optimal investment in immunity. | the evolution of optimal functioning and maintenance of the immune system is thought to be driven by the costs arising from the allocation of resources to immune functions rather than to growth and reproduction and by the benefits arising from higher defence if an infection occurs. in young animals there is a high premium for fast growth and competitiveness and a parasite-mediated trade-off is thus predicted between the allocation of resources to growth versus immune function. in a field study o ... | 2006 | 16790410 |
| ectoparasite-modulated deposition of maternal androgens in great tit eggs. | maternal yolk androgens can promote growth and competitive abilities of nestling birds but are also suggested to increase susceptibility to parasites or suppress immune function. we tested the hypothesis that females exposed to ectoparasites during egg formation will adjust the content of androgens in the yolk. we predicted that when anticipating high levels of parasitism, females deposit (i) less androgens into all eggs of their clutch and (ii) smaller amounts of androgens in eggs late in the l ... | 2004 | 15306335 |
| species of flea (siphonaptera) infesting pets and hedgehogs in germany. | the species of flea infesting pets and hedgehogs in germany were investigated through a survey of small animal practitioners throughout the country who were asked to collect specimens at their veterinary practices. a total of 625 veterinarians/veterinary practices responded and provided 2445 intact anti identifiable flea specimens. these fleas originated from 294 dogs (795 fleas), 334 cats (1152 fleas), 76 hedgehogs (481 fleas), five domestic rabbits (10 fleas), one golden hamster (four fleas) a ... | 2001 | 11393815 |
| ectoparasite infestation and sex-biased local recruitment of hosts. | dispersal patterns of organisms are a fundamental aspect of their ecology, modifying the genetic and social structure of local populations. parasites reduce the reproductive success and survival of hosts and thereby exert selection pressure on host life-history traits, possibly affecting host dispersal. here we test experimentally whether infestation by hen fleas, ceratophyllus gallinae, affects sex-related recruitment of great tit, parus major, fledglings. using sex-specific dna markers, we sho ... | 1999 | 10403248 |
| [differential diagnosis of medically relevant flea species and their significance in dermatology]. | different flea species may infest humans temporarily. such arthropods should be considered as a possible cause of erythematous and pruritic papules and nodules of unclear origin. bites from animal fleas can be seen in people with close contact to domestic or wild animals. this dermatosis may often be misdiagnosed. several flea species including pulex irritans, ctenocephalides canis, ctenocephalides felis, ceratophyllus gallinae, ceratophyllus columbae and archaeopsylla erinacei may infest human ... | 1997 | 9441163 |
| the coevolutionary potential of a 'generalist' parasite, the hen flea ceratophyllus gallinae. | hosts exert selection pressures on their parasites and it is often assumed that host-parasite coevolution with each host is less intense in a generalist parasite than for a parasite with a narrow host range. selection pressure on the parasite, however, is rather determined by host specificity, i.e. the relative importance of each host, than simply by the range of hosts. the determination of host specificity requires an assessment of the prevalence and intensity of parasite infestation within eac ... | 1997 | 9364569 |
| [fleas from the nests of goosander (mergus merganser l.)]. | in 1993 43 nests of goosander from the jasień lake near bytów were collected and checked on fleas presence. ceratophyllus gallinae, the only one fleas species, was found in 60.5% nests. among nests where the fleas were found the most frequent were those inhibited by 1-10 specimens of fleas (12 nests). the highest mean number of fleas per nest and the highest percentage of nests with fleas were noted before the breeding season has started (in march) and the lowest after the fresh brood in may. mo ... | 1995 | 7571640 |
| ectoparasitic fauna of poultry in nsukka, nigeria. | an investigation which lasted for a period of one calendar year was mounted to determine common ectoparasitic fauna of poultry in nsukka, nigeria. this survey covered twenty commercial poultry farms located in different areas of nsukka. birds were picked and thoroughly examined visually for the presence of ectoparasites after horizontal displacement of the feathers against their anatomical direction of alignment. identification was mainly by morphological characteristics, host preference and ana ... | 1986 | 3793395 |
| a flea-borne outbreak of dermatitis. | in april 1986, an outbreak of pruritic rash occurred among workers in a warehouse in jurong and affected 18 out of the 46 workers within one week. the rash was papular and distributed mainly over the thighs, abdomen and the upper limbs. epidemiological investigations were carried out to determine the cause of the outbreak and the mode of transmission. as the warehouse was colonised by a local species of wild birds (mynahs) and badly littered with bird-droppings during the outbreak period, sample ... | 1987 | 3446005 |
| [flea infestation establishment in the east german district of rostock]. | from sendings of citizens and own examinations 9 species of fleas were found out. ctenocephalides felis was the most frequent species, followed by ceratophyllus gallinae and pulex irritans. most of the sendings came from cities. pests and flea control dominated in the months august to october. | 1989 | 2729648 |
| [fleas from the nests of passer domesticus and passer montanus]. | in the years 1986-1988 102 nests of passer domesticus and 113 nests of p. montanus were collected from słupsk, warszawa and its surrounding. ceratophyllus gallinae was found in 55 nests of p. domesticus and in 74 nests of p. montanus: c. fringillae in 13 nests of p. domesticus. the highest mean number of c. gallinae per nest was recorded in nest of p. domesticus (11.9), lower in nest of p. montanus (5.9). the highest percentage of nests with fleas and the highest mean number of fleas per nest we ... | 1991 | 1823499 |
| [siphonaptera/fleas (author's transl)]. | fleas are small, reddish-brown, wingless insects with a laterally compressed body and a pronounced third pair of legs adapted to leaping. of the 100 species found in middle europe, hardly a dozen are of medical importance, they concern mainly people in contact with domestic animals. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis, and the bird flea. ceratophyllus gallinae, are the most important human-pathogenic species in our region. a flea bite shows first as a haemorrhagic punctum, accompanied by i ... | 1979 | 493245 |
| qualitative and quantitative observations on the flea population dynamics of dogs and cats in several areas of germany. | from an ongoing country-wide study on the spectrum, the epidemiology and the population dynamics of flea infestations in dogs and cats, important preliminary results from the three areas of karlsruhe, nuernberg and leipzig are presented. a total of 1922 dogs and 1838 cats from 12 different veterinary practices or clinics in three areas of germany were systematically examined between july 2003 and june 2004. all dogs and cats appearing for a clinical veterinary consultation on one regular working ... | 2006 | 16442233 |
| parasites suppress immune-enhancing effect of methionine in nestling great tits. | after birth, an organism needs to invest both in somatic growth and in the development of efficient immune functions to counter the effects of pathogens, and hence an investment trade-off is predicted. to explore this trade-off, we simultaneously exposed nestling great tits (parus major) to a common ectoparasite, while stimulating immune function. using a 2 × 2 experimental design, we first infested half of the nests with hen fleas (ceratophyllus gallinae) on day 3 post-hatch and later, on day 9 ... | 2015 | 25395313 |
| ectoparasites, nest site choice and breeding success in the pied flycatcher. | it has recently been suggested that nest box studies might bias the measurement of behavioural and life-history traits, because the removal of old nests may reduce the load of ectoparasites. this experimental artefact may have notable effects on nest site choice and breeding success in cavity-breeding birds. we tested (i) if pied flycatchers ficedula hypoleuca prefer clean nest boxes and (ii) if old nest material affects the number of parasites and the breeding success of pied flycatchers. in th ... | 1994 | 28313971 |
| costs and benefits of experimentally induced changes in the allocation of growth versus immune function under differential exposure to ectoparasites. | ecological immunology has focused on the costs of investment in immunocompetence. however, understanding optimal resource allocation to immune defence requires also identification of its benefits, which are likely to occur only when parasites are abundant. | 2010 | 20520832 |
| integrated morphological and molecular identification of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and dog fleas (ctenocephalides canis) vectoring rickettsia felis in central europe. | fleas of the genus ctenocephalides are the most common ectoparasites infesting dogs and cats world-wide. the species ctenocephalides felis and ctenocephalides canis are competent vectors for zoonotic pathogens such as rickettsia felis and bartonella spp. improved knowledge on the diversity and phylogenetics of fleas is important for understanding flea-borne pathogen transmission cycles. fleas infesting privately owned dogs and cats from the czech republic (n=97) and romania (n=66) were subjected ... | 2015 | 25899079 |
| the mating behaviour of the hen flea ceratophyllus gallinae (schrank) (siphonapter: insecta). | | 1967 | 6031115 |
| the use of permethrin to control an outbreak of hen fleas (ceratophyllus gallinae). | complaints from workers suffering from insect bites led to the investigation of three broiler breeder houses. these houses were found to be infested with the hen flea, ceratophyllus gallinae. large numbers of adult fleas and larvae were extracted by tullgren funnel from samples of wood shavings used as nest box material. lower numbers were extracted from the litter under these nest boxes. a pilot trial using infested nest boxes and floor litter showed good control of adult fleas and larvae could ... | 1983 | 6866897 |
| [farm animals as disease vectors of parasitic epizoonoses and zoophilic dermatophytes and their importance in dermatology]. | different pest arthropods and dermatophytes occurring primarily in farm animals may be transmissible to man and produce human dermatoses. the movement and cutaneous penetration habits of external parasites often cause crusted papules, severe itching and dermatitis or may damage their hosts by blood-sucking or by sensitizing them to their saliva. furthermore different dermatophytes should be considered a possible cause of human skin lesions. farm animals (cattle, pig, poultry, and rabbit) can tra ... | 1999 | 10501677 |
| relative fitness of a generalist parasite on two alternative hosts: a cross-infestation experiment to test host specialization of the hen flea ceratophyllus gallinae (schrank). | host range is a key element of a parasite's ecology and evolution and can vary greatly depending on spatial scale. generalist parasites frequently show local population structure in relation to alternative sympatric hosts (i.e. host races) and may thus be specialists at local scales. here, we investigated local population specialization of a common avian nest-based parasite, the hen flea ceratophyllus gallinae (schrank), exploiting two abundant host species that share the same breeding sites, th ... | 2016 | 26910399 |
| ectoparasite reproductive performance when host condition varies. | host condition can influence both the nutritive resources available to parasites and the strength of host defences. since these factors are likely to be correlated, it is unclear whether parasites would be more successful on hosts in good, intermediate or poor conditions. for more complex parasites, like fleas, where larvae depend on adults to extract and make available some essential host resources, host condition can act at two levels. first, it can affect the investment of females into eggs, ... | 2012 | 22614234 |
| intraclutch variation in avian eggshell pigmentation: the anaemia hypothesis. | many passerine species lay eggs that are speckled with dark protoporphyrin pigmentation. because protoporphyrin is mainly derived from the blood, we here formulate and test a new hypothesis that links an increase in anaemia along the laying sequence to within-clutch variation in egg pigmentation. more intense pigmentation is expected if pigments accumulate during enhanced red blood cell production in response to anaemia. reduced pigmentation is expected if pigments are derived from the degradati ... | 2012 | 22434407 |