| acetate utilization and butyryl coenzyme a (coa):acetate-coa transferase in butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. | seven strains of roseburia sp., faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and coprococcus sp. from the human gut that produce high levels of butyric acid in vitro were studied with respect to key butyrate pathway enzymes and fermentation patterns. strains of roseburia sp. and f. prausnitzii possessed butyryl coenzyme a (coa):acetate-coa transferase and acetate kinase activities, but butyrate kinase activity was not detectable either in growing or in stationary-phase cultures. although unable to use acetate ... | 2002 | 12324374 |
| the microbiology of butyrate formation in the human colon. | butyrate arising from microbial fermentation is important for the energy metabolism and normal development of colonic epithelial cells and has a mainly protective role in relation to colonic disease. while certain dietary substrates such as resistant starch appear to be butyrogenic in the colon, it is not known to what extent these stimulate butyrate production directly, e.g. by promoting amylolytic species, or indirectly, e.g. through cross-feeding of fermentation products. cultural and molecul ... | 2002 | 12480096 |
| growth requirements and fermentation products of fusobacterium prausnitzii, and a proposal to reclassify it as faecalibacterium prausnitzii gen. nov., comb. nov. | two newly isolated strains of obligately anaerobic bacteria from human faeces are shown here to be related to fusobacterium prausnitzii, which is regarded as one of the most abundant colonizers of the human colon. these strains, along with fusobacterium prausnitzii atcc 27768(t) and 27766, are non-motile and produce butyrate, formate and lactate, but not hydrogen as fermentation products. a new finding is that all four strains produce d-lactate, but not l-lactate. the strains have a requirement ... | 2002 | 12508881 |
| effects of alternative dietary substrates on competition between human colonic bacteria in an anaerobic fermentor system. | duplicate anaerobic fermentor systems were used to examine changes in a community of human fecal bacteria supplied with different carbohydrate energy sources. a panel of group-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization probes targeting 16s rrna sequences revealed that the fermentors supported growth of a greater proportion of bacteroides and a lower proportion of gram-positive anaerobes related to faecalibacterium prausnitzii, ruminococcus flavefaciens-ruminococcus bromii, eubacterium rectale-cl ... | 2003 | 12571040 |
| oligonucleotide probes that detect quantitatively significant groups of butyrate-producing bacteria in human feces. | 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes were designed for butyrate-producing bacteria from human feces. three new cluster-specific probes detected bacteria related to roseburia intestinalis, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and eubacterium hallii at mean populations of 2.3, 3.8, and 0.6%, respectively, in samples from 10 individuals. additional species-level probes accounted for no more than 1%, with a mean of 7.7%, of the total human fecal microbiota identified as butyrate producers in this study ... | 2003 | 12839823 |
| contribution of acetate to butyrate formation by human faecal bacteria. | acetate is normally regarded as an endproduct of anaerobic fermentation, but butyrate-producing bacteria found in the human colon can be net utilisers of acetate. the butyrate formed provides a fuel for epithelial cells of the large intestine and influences colonic health. [1-(13)c]acetate was used to investigate the contribution of exogenous acetate to butyrate formation. faecalibacterium prausnitzii and roseburia spp. grown in the presence of 60 mm-acetate and 10 mm-glucose derived 85-90 % but ... | 2004 | 15182395 |
| characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized elderly patients by using real-time pcr and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota. | fecal bacteria were studied in healthy elderly volunteers (age, 63 to 90 years; n = 35) living in the local community, elderly hospitalized patients (age, 66 to 103; n = 38), and elderly hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic treatment (age, 65 to 100; n = 21). group- and species-specific primer sets targeting 16s rrna genes were used to quantitate intestinal bacteria by using dna extracted from feces and real-time pcr. the principal difference between healthy elderly volunteers and both pat ... | 2004 | 15184159 |
| detection of cellulolytic bacteria from the human colon. | the main representatives of bacteria in the human colon were investigated by specific pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). prevalent in both cases were species of bifidobacterium, clostridium, bacteroides, faecalibacterium and eubacterium. simultaneously, cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the human feces. the largest proportion was represented by ruminococcus-like isolates. their presence was confirmed both by pcr and dgge methods; the latter one was able to give more c ... | 2004 | 15227792 |
| dna microarray analysis of predominant human intestinal bacteria in fecal samples. | a microarray method was developed for the detection of 40 bacterial species reported in the literature to be predominant in the human gastrointestinal tract. the 40 species include seven species each of bacteroides and clostridium, six species of ruminococcus, five species of bifidobacterium, four species of eubacterium, two species each of fusobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus, and single species each of collinsella, eggerthella, escherichia, faecalibacterium and finegoldia. three 40-me ... | 2004 | 15271382 |
| validation of fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry for assessing interindividual variation in the composition of human fecal microflora during long-term storage of samples. | this work was conducted to assess the accuracy of in situ hybridization to show differences in human microflora composition between volunteers and to optimize the storage of fecal samples to allow delayed analysis of gut microflora composition in humans. fecal samples from 25 healthy subjects (14 women, 11 men aged 24-51) were collected. the samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (pfa) solution at 4 degrees c overnight and stored at -70 degrees c. twenty samples were analysed to quantify the ... | 2004 | 15369862 |
| lactate-utilizing bacteria, isolated from human feces, that produce butyrate as a major fermentation product. | the microbial community of the human colon contains many bacteria that produce lactic acid, but lactate is normally detected only at low concentrations (<5 mm) in feces from healthy individuals. it is not clear, however, which bacteria are mainly responsible for lactate utilization in the human colon. here, bacteria able to utilize lactate and produce butyrate were identified among isolates obtained from 10(-8) dilutions of fecal samples from five different subjects. out of nine such strains ide ... | 2004 | 15466518 |
| design and validation of 16s rrna probes to enumerate members of the clostridium leptum subgroup in human faecal microbiota. | among human faecal bacteria, many members of the clostridium leptum subgroup are fibrolytic and butyrate producing microorganisms thereby contributing to processes important to colonic health. yet this phylogenetic subgroup remains poorly described to date. to improve detection and description of members of the c. leptum subgroup, the clep 866 group probe was developed. its association with probes targeting the clostridium viride cluster (cvir 1414) and eubacterium desmolans species (edes 635) a ... | 2005 | 15946290 |
| fecal microbiota composition and frailty. | the relationship between fecal microbiota composition and frailty in the elderly was studied. fecal samples from volunteers with high frailty scores showed a significant reduction in the number of lactobacilli (26-fold). at much higher population levels, both the bacteroides/prevotella (threefold) and the faecalibacterium prausnitzii (fourfold) groups showed a significant reduction in percentage of total number of hybridizable bacteria in the elderly with high frailty scores. in contrast to this ... | 2005 | 16204576 |
| isoflavones and functional foods alter the dominant intestinal microbiota in postmenopausal women. | dietary phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, are used as food additives to prevent menopause-related disorders. in addition to other factors, their bioavailability strongly depends on the activity of intestinal bacteria but the underlying interactions remain poorly understood. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken with 39 postmenopausal women to characterize changes in the dominant microbial communities of the intestinal tract after 2 mo of isoflavone supplementatio ... | 2005 | 16317121 |
| characterisation of intestinal bacteria in infant stools using real-time pcr and northern hybridisation analyses. | real-time pcr and northern hybridisations were used to quantify bacterial populations in the large gut of infants. pcr primers for rapid, sensitive, high throughput detection of bifidobacteria, bacteroides, sulphate-reducing bacteria and enterococcus faecalis, based on analysis of 16s rrna genes were used. bacterial populations were analysed in faeces from 40 infants aged 0-6, 7-12 and 13-24 months. the effects of breast versus bottle feeding was also investigated. real-time pcr indicated that b ... | 2005 | 16329974 |
| studies on the effect of system retention time on bacterial populations colonizing a three-stage continuous culture model of the human large gut using fish techniques. | fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to quantitate bacteria growing in a three-stage continuous culture system inoculated with human faeces, operated at two system retention times (60 and 20 h). twenty-three different 16s rrna gene oligonucleotide probes of varying specificities were used to detect bacteria. organisms belonging to genera bacteroides and bifidobacterium, together with the eubacterium rectale/clostridium coccoides group, the atopobium, faecalibacterium prausnitzii and eubac ... | 2006 | 16420637 |
| molecular characterization of the bacteria adherent to human colorectal mucosa. | to study large intestinal mucosal bacterial communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) profiling and sequencing of 16s rrna gene polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products amplified from dna extracted from colorectal biopsies taken from healthy individuals. the specific aims were to determine how similar the mucosa-associated bacterial communities are within and between individuals and also to characterize the phylogenetic origin of isolated dgge bands. | 2006 | 16478485 |
| subdoligranulum variabile gen. nov., sp. nov. from human feces. | during studies on the microflora of human feces we have isolated a strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-negative staining organism which exhibits a somewhat variable coccus-shaped morphology. comparative 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing studies show the unidentified organism is phylogenetically a member of the clostridium leptum supra-generic rrna cluster and displays a close affinity to some rdna clones derived from human and pig feces. the nearest named relatives of the unidentified is ... | 2004 | 16701519 |
| microbial community composition of the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens as revealed by molecular and culture-based techniques. | the microbial communities of the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens from a conventional and an organic farm were investigated using conventional culture techniques as well as cloning and sequencing of 16s rrna genes. eighty-five percent of the 557 cloned sequences were <97% related to known cultured species. the chicken ileum was dominated by lactobacilli, whereas the cecum harbored a more diverse microbial community. the cecum was dominated by a large group of bacteria with hitherto no close c ... | 2006 | 16830854 |
| molecular profiling of the clostridium leptum subgroup in human fecal microflora by pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis. | a group-specific pcr-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) method was developed and combined with group-specific clone library analysis to investigate the diversity of the clostridium leptum subgroup in human feces. pcr products (length, 239 bp) were amplified using c. leptum cluster-specific primers and were well separated by dgge. the dgge patterns of fecal amplicons from 11 human individuals revealed host-specific profiles; the patterns for fecal samples collected from a child ... | 2006 | 16885270 |
| application of 16s rrna gene-targetted fluorescence in situ hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism to study porcine microbiota along the gastrointestinal tract in response to different sources of dietary fibre. | a total of 32 pigs of 15+/-0.38 kg body weight were fed for 6 weeks one of four diets differing in their source of dietary fibre. fish was used to quantify the main bacterial groups in the pig gut using the following probes: eub338, bac303, rfla729, rbro730, erec482, fprau645, prop853, str493 and lab158. fish counts revealed important differences at four sites along the pig gastrointestinal tract, but we were unable to show differences related to diets. stomach and jejunal samples gave total bac ... | 2007 | 17004993 |
| effect of chitosan on the growth of human colonic bacteria. | growth of 6 bacterial strains representing dominant members of the human colonic microflora was measured in the presence of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.5 % chitosan (from shrimp shells, with a 97 % final degree of deacetylation). the effect of chitosan was variable and dependent on bacterial species. the most susceptible to chitosan were bacteria belonging to genera bacteroides and clostridium (91-97% growth inhibition). on the other hand, roseburia sp., eubacterium sp. and faecalibacterium sp. were more ... | 2006 | 17007432 |
| abnormal microbiota composition in the ileocolonic mucosa of crohn's disease patients as revealed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | bacteria might play a role in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd), and patients harbor a different type and density of gut microbiota compared with normal healthy subjects. thus, the aim of this study was to compare the microbiota adhered to the mucosa of cd patients with that of healthy subjects. | 2006 | 17119388 |
| 16s rrna gene-based analysis of mucosa-associated bacterial community and phylogeny in the chicken gastrointestinal tracts: from crops to ceca. | mucosa-associated microbiota from different regions of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract of adult broilers was studied by analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences. the microbiota mainly comprised gram-positive bacteria along the gi tract. fifty-one operational taxonomic units (otus) (from 98 clones) were detected in the ceca, as compared with 13 otus (from 49 clones) in the crops, 11 otus (from 51 clones) in the gizzard, 14 otus (from 52 clones) in the duodenum, 12 otus (from 50 clones) in the jejunum ... | 2007 | 17233749 |
| high proportions of proinflammatory bacteria on the colonic mucosa in a young patient with ulcerative colitis as revealed by cloning and sequencing of 16s rrna genes. | the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (uc) remains unknown. it is thought to be due to an abnormal and uncontrolled immune response to normally occurring constituents of the intestine. microbial agents appear to be involved in the pathogenesis and intestinal bacteria seem to be an important factor in the development and chronicity. the aim of this study was to investigate the colonic microbiota of a patient with uc. the colonic tissues were taken during surgery from a 12-year-old girl suffering ... | 2007 | 17265126 |
| quantitative analysis of the intestinal bacterial community in one- to three-week-old commercially reared broiler chickens fed conventional or antibiotic-free vegetable-based diets. | to explore the effect of drug-free poultry production on the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens, the bacterial community of this environment was quantitatively profiled in both conventionally reared birds and birds reared without antibiotic growth promotants (agps) on a vegetable-based diet. | 2007 | 17381758 |
| postnatal development of bacterial population in the gastrointestinal tract of calves. | bacterial 16s rdna from fecal samples of two calves were amplified by pcr and analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; selected bands were sequenced. escherichia coli and bifidobacterium animalis were the initial colonizers, followed by species closely related to the genera bacteroides, clostridium and faecalibacterium. change of diet was connected with shifts of bacterial population and with the occurrence of many bacterial species that have not been cultured up to now. the diet cha ... | 2007 | 17571805 |
| mucosa-associated bacterial diversity in relation to human terminal ileum and colonic biopsy samples. | little is known about bacterial communities that colonize mucosal surfaces in the human gastrointestinal tract, but they are believed to play an important role in host physiology. the objectives of this study were to investigate the compositions of these populations in the distal small bowel and colon. healthy mucosal tissue from either the terminal ileum (n = 6) or ascending (n = 8), transverse (n = 8), or descending colon (n = 4) of 26 patients (age, 68.5 +/- 1.2 years [mean +/- standard devia ... | 2007 | 17890331 |
| influence of bifidobacterium longum bb536 intake on faecal microbiota in individuals with japanese cedar pollinosis during the pollen season. | it has been reported that intake of yogurt or powder supplemented with the bifidobacterium longum bb536 probiotic strain alleviated subjective symptoms and affected blood markers of allergy in individuals with japanese cedar pollinosis (jcpsis) during the pollen seasons of 2004 and 2005, based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. furthermore, the 2004 study found that intestinal bacteria such as the bacteroides fragilis group significantly fluctuated during the pollen season i ... | 2007 | 17893165 |
| characterization of cecal microbiota and response to an orally administered lactobacillus probiotic strain in the broiler chicken. | a probiotic lactobacillus strain was given in drinking water to young broiler chickens from 1 to 19 days of age. cecal contents were collected from 4- and 19-day-old chickens in treated and control groups. enumeration of bacteria by culture on selective media showed a decrease in clostridium perfringens carriage in the 4-day-old treated chickens, whereas coliforms and lactobacillus populations were not significantly affected by the treatment. fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis with 7 phy ... | 2008 | 17957118 |
| selection of bacteria originating from a human intestinal microbiota in the gut of previously germ-free rats. | denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) was applied to separate pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes originating from human microbiota associated (hma) rat faeces as well as from the human faecal sample used for inoculation of the animals. subsequently, a total of 15 dominant bands were excised from the dgge gels, cloned and sequenced. comparison of the obtained sequences with the ribosomal database revealed that species of bacteroides/prevotella and faecalibacterium gave rise to the majority of ... | 2007 | 18031341 |
| imbalance in the composition of the duodenal microbiota of children with coeliac disease. | coeliac disease (cd) is the most common immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa. the ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of cd, but other environmental factors are also thought to play a role in this disorder. in this study, the composition of the duodenal microbiota of coeliac children with active disease, symptom-free cd patients on a gluten-free diet and control children was determined. bacteriological analyses of duoden ... | 2007 | 18033837 |
| active crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can be specifically diagnosed and monitored based on the biostructure of the fecal flora. | the intestinal microflora is important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). the impact of its spatial organization on health and disease is unknown. | 2008 | 18050295 |
| comparison of the cecal microbiota of domestic and wild turkeys. | the extent to which production methods alter intestinal microbial communities of livestock is currently unknown. as the intestinal microbiota may affect animal health, nutrition, and food safety, a baseline comparison of the cecal communities of domestic and wild turkeys was performed. oligonucleotide fingerprinting of ribosomal rna (rrna) genes (ofrg) of 2,990 16s rrna clones and dot blot quantification of dominant populations were used to identify the dominant bacterial taxa. seventy-three per ... | 2008 | 18183454 |
| symbiotic gut microbes modulate human metabolic phenotypes. | humans have evolved intimate symbiotic relationships with a consortium of gut microbes (microbiome) and individual variations in the microbiome influence host health, may be implicated in disease etiology, and affect drug metabolism, toxicity, and efficacy. however, the molecular basis of these microbe-host interactions and the roles of individual bacterial species are obscure. we now demonstrate a"transgenomic" approach to link gut microbiome and metabolic phenotype (metabotype) variation. we h ... | 2008 | 18252821 |
| molecular studies of fecal anaerobic commensal bacteria in acute diarrhea in children. | the commensal bacterial flora of the colon may undergo changes during diarrhea, owing to colonization of the intestine by pathogens and to rapid intestinal transit. this study used molecular methods to determine changes in the composition of selected commensal anaerobic bacteria during and after acute diarrhea in children. | 2008 | 18493205 |
| molecular analysis of the digestive microbiota in a gnotobiotic mouse model during antibiotic treatment: influence of saccharomyces boulardii. | the probiotic saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast that has been proven efficient in the prevention of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea and of clostridium difficile associated colitis. we evaluated the influence of the administration of s. boulardii on the composition of the fecal microbiota in a human microbiota-associated mouse model. this evaluation was run before, during and after a 7-day oral treatment with amoxicillin clavulanic acid. predominant groups of bacteria were quant ... | 2008 | 18511310 |
| exopolysaccharides produced by intestinal bifidobacterium strains act as fermentable substrates for human intestinal bacteria. | eleven exopolysaccharides (eps) isolated from different human intestinal bifidobacterium strains were tested in fecal slurry batch cultures and compared with glucose and the prebiotic inulin for their abilities to act as fermentable substrates for intestinal bacteria. during incubation, the increases in levels of short-chain fatty acids (scfa) were considerably more pronounced in cultures with eps, glucose, and inulin than in controls without carbohydrates added, indicating that the substrates a ... | 2008 | 18539803 |
| biostructure of fecal microbiota in healthy subjects and patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea. | dysbiosis is a key component of intestinal disorders. our aim was to quantitatively access the biostructure of fecal microbiota in healthy subjects and patients with chronic idiopathic diarrhea and evaluate the responses to saccharomyces boulardii treatment. | 2008 | 18570896 |
| effect of inulin on the human gut microbiota: stimulation of bifidobacterium adolescentis and faecalibacterium prausnitzii. | prebiotics are food ingredients that improve health by modulating the colonic microbiota. the bifidogenic effect of the prebiotic inulin is well established; however, it remains unclear which species of bifidobacterium are stimulated in vivo and whether bacterial groups other than lactic acid bacteria are affected by inulin consumption. changes in the faecal microbiota composition were examined by real-time pcr in twelve human volunteers after ingestion of inulin (10 g/d) for a 16-d period in co ... | 2009 | 18590586 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of specific butyrate-producing bacteria, desulfovibrio and enterococcus faecalis in the feces of patients with colorectal cancer. | bacterial metabolites produced in the bowel are potentially related to the genesis of colorectal cancer. butyrate is protective against cancer, whereas hydrogen sulfide and oxygen free radicals can be toxic to the epithelium. the present study was designed to quantitate eubacterium rectale, faecalibacterium prausnitzii (both butyrate-producing bacteria), desulfovibrio (sulfate-reducing bacteria), and enterococcus faecalis (that produces extracellular superoxide) in the feces of patients with col ... | 2008 | 18624900 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene for cellobiose 2-epimerase from a ruminal strain of eubacterium cellulosolvens. | cellobiose 2-epimerase (ce; ec 5.1.3.11) is known to catalyze the reversible epimerization of cellobiose to 4-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannose in ruminococcus albus cells. here, we report a ce in a ruminal strain of eubacterium cellulosolvens for the first time. the nucleotide sequence of the ce had an orf of 1218 bp (405 amino acids; 46 963.3 da). the ce from e. cellulosolvens showed 44-54% identity to n-acyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase-like hypothetical proteins in the genomes of coprococcus eu ... | 2008 | 18710396 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of crohn disease patients. | a decrease in the abundance and biodiversity of intestinal bacteria within the dominant phylum firmicutes has been observed repeatedly in crohn disease (cd) patients. in this study, we determined the composition of the mucosa-associated microbiota of cd patients at the time of surgical resection and 6 months later using fish analysis. we found that a reduction of a major member of firmicutes, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, is associated with a higher risk of postoperative recurrence of ileal cd. ... | 2008 | 18936492 |
| twin studies reveal specific imbalances in the mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with ileal crohn's disease. | large interindividual variation in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between unrelated individuals has made it challenging to identify specific aspects of dysbiosis that lead to crohn's disease (cd). | 2009 | 19023901 |
| bacterial succession in the colon during childhood and adolescence: molecular studies in a southern indian village. | the colonic bacterial flora, largely anaerobic, is believed to establish and stabilize in the first 2 y of life. | 2008 | 19064526 |
| tyler, faecalibacterium and biodiversity. | | 2009 | 19194380 |
| development of faecalibacterium 16s rrna gene marker for identification of human faeces. | the focus of this study was to identify a bacterial 16s rrna gene sequence, unique to microbiota in the human gut, for use in development of a dependable pcr assay to detect human faecal pollution in water. | 2009 | 19200327 |
| diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. | butyrate-producing bacteria play a key role in colonic health in humans. this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of this functionally important group of bacteria. human colonic butyrate producers are gram-positive firmicutes, but are phylogenetically diverse, with the two most abundant groups related to eubacterium rectale/roseburia spp. and to faecalibacterium prausnitzii. five different arrangements have been identified for t ... | 2009 | 19222573 |
| low counts of faecalibacterium prausnitzii in colitis microbiota. | the intestinal microbiota is suspected to play a role in colitis and particularly in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) pathogenesis. the aim was to compare the fecal microbiota composition of patients with colitis to that of healthy subjects (hs). | 2009 | 19235886 |
| commensal bacteria, traditional and opportunistic pathogens, dysbiosis and bacterial killing in inflammatory bowel diseases. | the authors present evidence published during the past 2 years of the roles of commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases. | 2009 | 19352175 |
| fermented liquid feed enhances bacterial diversity in piglet intestine. | because of limitations imposed on the antibiotic use in animal industry, there is a need for alternatives to maintain the efficiency of production. one of them may be the use of fermented liquid feed (flf) but how it affects gut ecology is poorly understood. we investigated the effect of three diets, standard dry feed (control), dry feed supplemented with antibiotics, and fermented liquid feed (flf, fermented with lactobacillus plantarum), on gut bacterial diversity in piglets. the structure of ... | 2010 | 19393756 |
| effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult human subjects. | diet influences the composition of the gut microbiota and host's health, particularly in patients suffering from food-related diseases. coeliac disease (cd) is a permanent intolerance to cereal gluten proteins and the only therapy for the patients is to adhere to a life-long gluten-free diet (gfd). in the present preliminary study, the effects of a gfd on the composition and immune function of the gut microbiota were analysed in ten healthy subjects (mean age 30.3 years) over 1 month. faecal mic ... | 2009 | 19445821 |
| towards the human intestinal microbiota phylogenetic core. | the paradox of a host specificity of the human faecal microbiota otherwise acknowledged as characterized by global functionalities conserved between humans led us to explore the existence of a phylogenetic core. we investigated the presence of a set of bacterial molecular species that would be altogether dominant and prevalent within the faecal microbiota of healthy humans. a total of 10 456 non-chimeric bacterial 16s rrna sequences were obtained after cloning of pcr-amplified rdna from 17 human ... | 2009 | 19601958 |
| characterization of bacteria, clostridia and bacteroides in faeces of vegetarians using qpcr and pcr-dgge fingerprinting. | this study aimed to investigate the quantitative and qualitative changes of bacteria, bacteroides, bifidobacterium and clostridium cluster iv in faecal microbiota associated with a vegetarian diet. | 2009 | 19641302 |
| the microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease in different age groups. | many efforts were made in the past decades to assess the role of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), leading to the hypothesis that an altered microbial composition, other than the presence of a specific pathogen, could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. on the other hand, existing differences in gut microbial community between distinct classes of age make sense of an increasing research in microbial shifts in ibd. | 2009 | 19786749 |
| diversity of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria revealed by analysis of the butyryl-coa:acetate coa-transferase gene. | butyrate-producing bacteria play an important role in the human colon, supplying energy to the gut epithelium and regulating host cell responses. in order to explore the diversity and culturability of this functional group, we designed degenerate primers to amplify butyryl-coa:acetate coa-transferase sequences from faecal samples provided by 10 healthy volunteers. eighty-eight per cent of amplified sequences showed >98% dna sequence identity to coa-transferases from cultured butyrate-producing b ... | 2010 | 19807780 |
| quantitative differences in intestinal faecalibacterium prausnitzii in obese indian children. | gut bacteria contribute to energy conservation in man through their ability to ferment unabsorbed carbohydrate. the present study examined the composition of predominant faecal microbiota in obese and non-obese children. the participants (n 28) aged 11-14 years provided fresh faecal samples and completed a dietary survey consisting of 24 h diet recall and a ffq of commonly used foods taken over the previous 3 months. faecal bacteria were quantitated by real-time pcr using primers targeted at 16s ... | 2010 | 19849869 |
| acute appendicitis is characterised by local invasion with fusobacterium nucleatum/necrophorum. | acute appendicitis is a local intestinal inflammation with unclear origin. the aim was to test whether bacteria in appendicitis differ in composition to bacteria found in caecal biopsies from healthy and disease controls. | 2011 | 19926616 |
| intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children. | coeliac disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder due to an aberrant immune response to dietary gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals. mucosal immune response through iga secretion constitutes a first line of defence responsible for neutralizing noxious antigens and pathogens. the aim of this study was the characterization of the relationships between immunoglobulin-coated bacteria and bacterial composition of faeces of coeliac disease (cd) patients, untreated and tr ... | 2010 | 20181275 |
| selected microbial groups and short-chain fatty acids profile in a simulated chicken cecum supplemented with two strains of lactobacillus. | among the bacterial fermentation end products in the chicken cecum, butyrate is of particular importance because of its nutritional properties for the epithelial cell and pathogen inhibitory effects in the gut. an in vitro experiment, operated with batch bioreactor, was conducted to quantify butyric-producing bacteria in a simulated broiler cecum supplemented with lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salicinius jcm 1230 and lactobacillus agilis jcm 1048 during 24 h of incubation. selected bacterial spe ... | 2010 | 20181862 |
| prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing jerusalem artichoke inulin: a human intervention study. | the present study aimed to determine the prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing inulin derived from jerusalem artichoke (ja). a three-arm parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out with sixty-six healthy human volunteers (thirty-three men and thirty-three women, age range: 18-50 years). subjects were randomised into three groups (n 22) assigned to consume either the test shots, pear-carrot-sea buckthorn (pcs) or plum-pear-beetroot (ppb), containing ja inul ... | 2010 | 20187995 |
| bacterial flora in inflammatory bowel disease. | the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) involves an interaction between host susceptibility (which is partly genetically determined), mucosal immunity and the intestinal milieu. micro-organisms have physiological effects on mucosal structure, epithelial turnover, the intestinal immune cells and, thus, on many intestinal functions. toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerisation-binding domain proteins in host cells recognise specific bacterial molecules and modify the immune resp ... | 2010 | 20203504 |
| association between faecalibacterium prausnitzii and dietary fibre in colonic fermentation in healthy human subjects. | the intestinal microbiota are a complex ecosystem influencing the immunoregulation of the human host, providing protection from colonising pathogens and producing scfa as the main energy source of colonocytes. our objective was to investigate the effect of dietary fibre exclusion and supplementation on the intestinal microbiota and scfa concentrations. faecal samples were obtained from healthy volunteers before and after two 14 d periods of consuming formulated diets devoid or supplemented with ... | 2010 | 20346190 |
| bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil from antarctic vascular plants of admiralty bay, maritime antarctica. | the antarctic is a pristine environment that contributes to the maintenance of the global climate equilibrium. the harsh conditions of this habitat are fundamental to selecting those organisms able to survive in such an extreme habitat and able to support the relatively simple ecosystems. the dna of the microbial community associated with the rhizospheres of deschampsia antarctica desv (poaceae) and colobanthus quitensis (kunth) barti (caryophyllaceae), the only two native vascular plants that a ... | 2010 | 20357834 |
| microbiota in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. | to test the hypothesis that compared with controls, children with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) exhibit differences in the relationships between gut microbiota and disease activity. | 2010 | 20400104 |
| quantification of faecalibacterium prausnitzii- and subdoligranulum variabile-like bacteria in the cecum of chickens by real-time pcr. | the intestinal microbial community is playing an important role in health and production performance of chickens. to understand the effect on the intestinal microflora induced by various feeding strategies, feed additives, infections, and intestinal disorders, it is important to have methods for quantifying potentially important bacteria in the intestine. we describe a real-time quantitative assay for detection and quantification of a whole group of faecalibacterium prausnitzii and subdoligranul ... | 2010 | 20460669 |
| through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. | age-related physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as modifications in lifestyle, nutritional behaviour, and functionality of the host immune system, inevitably affect the gut microbiota, resulting in a greater susceptibility to infections. | 2010 | 20498852 |
| the bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16s rrna gene cloning and sequencing. | to identify, compare, and contrast the microbiota in patients with and without pouchitis after restorative proctocolectomy (rpc) for ulcerative colitis (uc) and familial adenomatous polyposis (fap). | 2010 | 20562611 |
| is the abundance of faecalibacterium prausnitzii relevant to crohn's disease? | reports that bacteria within the firmicutes phylum, especially the species faecalibacterium prausnitzii, are less abundant in crohn's disease (cd) patients and supernatants from cultures of this bacterium are anti-inflammatory prompted the investigation of the possible correlations between the abundance of f. prausnitzii and the response to treatment in patients with gut diseases and healthy controls. in a randomized, double-blind trial, faeces were collected from healthy volunteers, and from pa ... | 2010 | 20695899 |
| highlighting new phylogenetic specificities of crohn's disease microbiota. | recent studies suggest that gastrointestinal (gi) microbes play a part in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd). | 2011 | 20722058 |
| molecular characterization of mucosal adherent bacteria and associations with colorectal adenomas. | the human large bowel is colonized by complex and diverse bacterial communities. however, the relationship between commensal bowel bacteria and adenomas (colorectal cancer precursors) is unclear. this study aimed to characterize adherent bacteria in normal colon and evaluate differences in community composition associated with colorectal adenomas. we evaluated adherent bacteria in normal colonic mucosa of 21 adenoma and 23 non-adenoma subjects enrolled in a cross sectional study. terminal restri ... | 2010 | 20740058 |
| a pyrosequencing study in twins shows that gastrointestinal microbial profiles vary with inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes. | the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota is thought to have an important role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds) such as crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc). interindividual variation and an inability to detect less abundant bacteria have made it difficult to correlate specific bacteria with disease. | 2010 | 20816835 |
| disease phenotype and genotype are associated with shifts in intestinal-associated microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. | abnormal host-microbe interactions are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. previous 16s rrna sequence analysis of intestinal tissues demonstrated that a subset of crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) samples exhibited altered intestinal-associated microbial compositions characterized by depletion of bacteroidetes and firmicutes (particularly clostridium taxa). we hypothesize that nod2 and atg16l1 risk alleles may be associated with these alterations. | 2011 | 20839241 |
| assessment of the modulating effects of fructo-oligosaccharides on fecal microbiota using human flora-associated piglets. | we first used human flora-associated (hfa) piglets, a significantly improved model for research on human gut microbiota, to study the effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scfos) on the gut bacterial populations. ten neonatal hfa piglets were assigned to receive basal diets alone or supplemented with scfos (0.5 g/kg body weight/day) from 1 to 37 days after birth (dab). the impact of scfos on the fecal bacterial populations of the piglets before (12 dab), during (17 dab), and after (25 ... | 2010 | 20844866 |
| dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in crohn's disease patients as revealed by a custom phylogenetic microarray. | a custom phylogenetic microarray composed of small subunit ribosomal rna probes, representing ≈500 bacterial species from the human and animal gut, was developed and evaluated for analysis of gut microbial diversity using fecal samples from healthy subjects and crohn's disease (cd) patients. | 2010 | 20848492 |
| rrna-based analysis to monitor succession of faecal bacterial communities in holstein calves. | to quantitatively analyse the faecal bacterial communities of holstein calves and track their succession up to 12 weeks of age. | 2010 | 20849397 |
| rifaximin modulates the colonic microbiota of patients with crohn's disease: an in vitro approach using a continuous culture colonic model system. | rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, has been reported to induce clinical remission of active crohn's disease (cd), a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder. in order to understand how rifaximin affects the colonic microbiota and its metabolism, an in vitro human colonic model system was used in this study. | 2010 | 20852272 |
| the role of mucosal immunity and host genetics in defining intestinal commensal bacteria. | dramatic advances in molecular characterization of the largely noncultivable enteric microbiota have facilitated better understanding of the composition of this complex ecosystem at broad phylogenetic levels. this review outlines current understanding of mechanisms by which commensal bacteria are controlled and shaped into functional communities by innate and adaptive immune responses, antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and host genetic factors. | 2010 | 20871399 |
| differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery-induced weight loss: links with metabolic and low-grade inflammation markers. | obesity alters gut microbiota ecology and associates with low-grade inflammation in humans. roux-en-y gastric bypass (rygb) surgery is one of the most efficient procedures for the treatment of morbid obesity resulting in drastic weight loss and improvement of metabolic and inflammatory status. we analyzed the impact of rygb on the modifications of gut microbiota and examined links with adaptations associated with this procedure. | 2010 | 20876719 |
| [the human intestinal microbiota]. | the human intestinal microbiota constitutes a complex ecosystem which is now well recognized for its impact on human health and well-being. it contributes to maturation of the immune system and provides a direct barrier against colonization by pathogens. its possible implication in diseases of modern societies, currently increasing in prevalence, has been reported. these include allergies, inflammatory bowel diseases and possibly metabolic and degenerative disorders. the analysis of the molecula ... | 2010 | 20889008 |
| [functional biostructure of colonic microbiota (central fermenting area, germinal stock area and separating mucus layer) in healthy subjects and patients with diarrhea treated with saccharomyces boulardii]. | the colonic content can be compared to a spatially structured high output bioreactor composed of three functionally different regions: a separating mucus layer, a germinal stock area, and a central fermenting area. the stool mirrors this structure and can be used for diagnosis in health and disease. in a first part, we introduce a novel method based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) of sections of punched-out stool cylinders, which allows quantitatively monitor microbiota in the mucus ... | 2010 | 20889010 |
| the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. | crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) have features that suggest bacterial involvement, and all genetic models of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) require the presence of commensal bacteria. cd is associated with innate immune response genes such as nod2/card15 and the autophagy genes atg16l1 and irgm. however, ibd responds to immunosuppression, suggesting that any bacteria involved are not acting as conventional pathogens. molecular techniques are rapidly advancing our knowledge of t ... | 2010 | 20981205 |
| companion animals symposium: microbes and gastrointestinal health of dogs and cats. | recent molecular studies have revealed complex bacterial, fungal, archaeal, and viral communities in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats. more than 10 bacterial phyla have been identified, with firmicutes, bacteroidetes, proteobacteria, fusobacteria, and actinobacteria constituting more than 99% of all gut microbiota. microbes act as a defending barrier against invading pathogens, aid in digestion, provide nutritional support for enterocytes, and play a crucial role in the development of ... | 2010 | 21075970 |
| numerical ecology validates a biogeographical distribution and gender-based effect on mucosa-associated bacteria along the human colon. | we applied constrained ordination numerical ecology methods to data produced with a human intestinal tract-specific phylogenetic microarray (the aus-hit chip) to examine the microbial diversity associated with matched biopsy tissue samples taken from the caecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum of 10 healthy patients. consistent with previous studies, the profiles revealed a marked intersubject variability; however, the numerical ecology methods of analysis allowed the subtraction of t ... | 2010 | 21124491 |
| [16s rrna gene-based molecular methods to monitor clostridium cluster iv community in the colon of piglets]. | to investigate the change of clostridium cluster iv community in the colon of piglets from 7 to 35 days of age, and its correlation with butyrate concentration. | 2010 | 21141473 |
| relationship between human intestinal dendritic cells, gut microbiota, and disease activity in crohn's disease. | background:: altered intestinal dendritic cell (dc) function underlies dysregulated t-cell responses to bacteria in crohn's disease (cd) but it is unclear whether composition of the intestinal microbiota impacts local dc function. we assessed the relationship between dc function with disease activity and intestinal microbiota in patients with cd. methods:: surface expression of toll-like receptor (tlr)-2, tlr-4, and spontaneous intracellular interleukin (il)-10, il-12p40, il-6 production by fres ... | 2010 | 21182022 |
| dysbiosis of the faecal microbiota in patients with crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives. | a general dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been established in patients with crohn's disease (cd), but a systematic characterisation of this dysbiosis is lacking. therefore the composition of the predominant faecal microbiota of patients with cd was studied in comparison with the predominant composition in unaffected controls. whether dysbiosis is present in relatives of patients cd was also examined. | 2011 | 21209126 |
| randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fructo-oligosaccharides in active crohn's disease. | the commensal intestinal microbiota drive the inflammation associated with crohn's disease. however, bacteria such as bifidobacteria and faecalibacterium prausnitzii appear to be immunoregulatory. in healthy subjects the intestinal microbiota are influenced by prebiotic carbohydrates such as fructo-oligosaccharides (fos). preliminary data suggest that fos increase faecal bifidobacteria, induce immunoregulatory dendritic cell (dc) responses and reduce disease activity in patients with crohn's dis ... | 2011 | 21262918 |
| intestinal microbiota was assessed in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis b virus infection. intestinal microbiota of hbv cirrhotic patients. | to unravel the profile of intestinal microecological parameters in chinese patients with asymptomatic carriage of hepatitis b virus (hbv), chronic hepatitis b, decompensated hbv cirrhosis, and health controls and to establish their correlation with liver disease progression, we performed quantitative pcr and immunological techniques to investigate fecal parameters, including population of fecal predominant bacteria and the abundance of some virulence genes derived from escherichia coli, bacteroi ... | 2011 | 21286703 |
| microbial dysbiosis in colorectal cancer (crc) patients. | the composition of the human intestinal microbiota is linked to health status. the aim was to analyze the microbiota of normal and colon cancer patients in order to establish cancer-related dysbiosis. | 2011 | 21297998 |
| bacteroides uniformis is a putative bacterial species associated with the degradation of the isoflavone genistein in human feces. | inter-individual variation in isoflavone absorption depends on gut microbial degradation and affects the efficacy of these compounds. we hypothesized that inter-individual variation in fecal isoflavone disappearance coincided with variation in bacterial species. in vitro anaerobic fecal disappearance of isoflavones was measured from 33 participants by hplc. fecal microbial 16s rrna variable region pcr products were obtained from 4 participants with the greatest and least genistein or glycitein d ... | 2011 | 21525249 |
| distal gut microbiota of adolescent children is different from that of adults. | human intestinal microbiota plays a number of important roles in human health and is also implicated in several gastrointestinal disorders. although the diversity of human gut microbiota in adults and in young children has been examined, few reports of microbiota composition are available for adolescents. in this work, we used microbiota array for high-throughput analysis of distal gut microbiota in adolescent children 11-18 years of age. samples obtained from healthy adults were used for compar ... | 2011 | 21539582 |
| diversity of the autochthonous colonic microbiota. | a longstanding hypothesis in intestinal microbial ecology is that autochthonous microbes (resident) play a role that is distinct from allochthonous microbes (transient microbes in the fecal stream). a challenge has been to identify this pool of microbes. we used laser capture microdissection to collect microbes from the mouse ascending colon. this area contains transverse folds that mimic human intestinal folds and contains a distinct population of intestinal microbes that is associated with the ... | 2011 | 21637026 |
| in vitro fermentation of linear and {alpha}-1,2-branched dextrans by the human fecal microbiota. | the role of structure and molecular weight in fermentation selectivity in linear +¦-1,6 dextrans and dextrans with +¦-1,2 branching was investigated. fermentation by gut bacteria was determined in anaerobic, ph-controlled fecal batch cultures after 36 h. inulin (1%, wt/vol), which is a known prebiotic, was used as a control. samples were obtained at 0, 10, 24, and 36 h of fermentation for bacterial enumeration by fluorescent in situ hybridization and short-chain fatty acid analyses. the gas prod ... | 2011 | 21666027 |
| global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome. | background & aims:: irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) has been associated with disruptions to the intestinal microbiota, but studies have had limited power, coverage, and depth of analysis. we aimed to define microbial populations that can be used discriminate the fecal microbiota of patients with ibs from that of healthy subjects and correlate these with ibs intestinal symptom scores. methods:: the microbiota composition was assessed by global and deep molecular analysis of fecal samples from 62 p ... | 2011 | 21820992 |
| bacteria as trigger for chronic gastrointestinal disorders. | apart from acute infections, microorganisms may also induce or perpetuate chronic inflammatory diseases and reversible or irreversible proliferation of various cells in the gastrointestinal tract (the extreme being adenocarcinoma and lymphoma). helicobacter pylori is not only involved in the pathogenesis of lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. the steps and mechanisms of the carcinogenic process involve host predisposition, environmental factors, and strain virulence. the steps of lymphoma genes ... | 2011 | 21734380 |
| identification and characterization of potential performance-related gut microbiotas in broiler chickens across various feeding trials. | three broiler feeding trials were investigated in order to identify gut bacteria consistently linked with improvements in bird performance as measured by feed efficiency. trials were done in various geographic locations and varied in diet composition, broiler breed, and bird age. gut microbial communities were investigated using microbial profiling. eight common performance-linked operational taxonomic units (otus) were identified within both the ilea (180, 492, and 564-566) and ceca (140-142, 2 ... | 2011 | 21742925 |
| pyrosequencing-based molecular monitoring of the intestinal bacterial colonization in preterm infants. | objectives:: to investigate the previously unexplored diversity of neonatal intestinal microbiota and monitor early intestinal colonization patterns in korean preterm infants using high-throughput pyrosequencing technology combined with 16s rdna- based molecular methods methods:: a total of 46,369 partial 16s rdna sequences obtained from 30 fecal samples serially taken from 10 very low birth weight preterm infants were analyzed. results:: a significant proportion of the molecular species (21.9%) ... | 2011 | 21734604 |
| Diversity of the autochthonous colonic microbiota. | A longstanding hypothesis in intestinal microbial ecology is that autochthonous microbes (resident) play a role that is distinct from allochthonous microbes (transient microbes in the fecal stream). A challenge has been to identify this pool of microbes. We used laser capture microdissection to collect microbes from the mouse ascending colon. This area contains transverse folds that mimic human intestinal folds and contains a distinct population of intestinal microbes that is associated with the ... | 2011 | 21694499 |
| diets supplemented with chickpea or its main oligosaccharide component raffinose modify faecal microbial composition in healthy adults. | the effects of diets supplemented with either chickpea or its main oligosaccharide raffinose on the composition of the faecal microbial community were examined in 12 healthy adults (18-65 years) in a randomised crossover intervention study. subjects consumed their usual diet supplemented with soups and desserts that were unfortified, or fortified with either 200 g/d of canned chickpeas or 5 g/d of raffinose for 3 week periods. changes in faecal bacterial populations of subjects were examined usi ... | 2010 | 21831757 |