| species diversity and polymorphism in the exophiala spinifera clade containing opportunistic black yeast-like fungi. | a monophyletic group of black yeast-like fungi containing opportunistic pathogens around exophiala spinifera is analyzed using sequences of the small-subunit (ssu) and internal transcribed spacer (its) domains of ribosomal dna. the group contains yeast-like and annellidic species (anamorph genus exophiala) in addition to sympodial taxa (anamorph genera ramichloridium and rhinocladiella). the new species exophiala oligosperma, ramichloridium basitonum, and rhinocladiella similis are introduced an ... | 2003 | 14532218 |
| isolation and characterization of a nitrile hydrolysing acidotolerant black yeast-exophiala oligosperma r1. | different nitriles were used as sole sources of nitrogen in a series of enrichments under acidic conditions to isolate acidotolerant nitriles hydrolysing microorganisms. from an enrichment in na-citrate-phosphate buffer at ph 4 with glucose as carbon source and phenylacetonitrile as sole source of nitrogen, a black yeast (strain r1) was obtained which was identified by subsequent 18s rrna gene sequencing as exophiala oligosperma. the growth conditions of the organism were optimized for the produ ... | 2007 | 17361431 |
| characterisation of the substrate specificity of the nitrile hydrolyzing system of the acidotolerant black yeast exophiala oligosperma r1. | the ;black yeast' exophiala oligosperma r1 can utilise various organic nitriles under acidic conditions as nitrogen sources. the induction of a phenylacetonitrile converting activity was optimised by growing the strain in the presence of different nitriles and /or complex or inorganic nitrogen sources. the highest nitrile hydrolysing activity was observed with cells grown with 2-cyanopyridine and nano(3). the cells metabolised the inducer and grew with 2-cyanopyridine as sole source of nitrogen. ... | 2008 | 19287539 |
| antifungal therapies in murine disseminated phaeohyphomycoses caused by exophiala species. | we have evaluated the efficacy of posaconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin b in murine models of disseminated infection caused by exophiala spp. | 2010 | 20488983 |
| exophiala oligosperma involved in a refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. | fungal rhinosinusitis refers to a wide variety of conditions caused by fungal infections of the paranasal sinuses. allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and sinus fungus balls are mostly noted in healthy individuals. aspergillus species are supposed to be the most common etiologic agents of the disorder, but melanized fungi also occur, and these potentially are able to lead to fatal dissemination into brain parenchyma. we report on a case of fungus ball in a 20-year-old female with refractory chronic r ... | 2011 | 21528779 |
| molecular identification of unusual mycetoma agents isolated from patients in venezuela. | mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous, subcutaneous disease endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. it is currently a health problem in rural areas of africa, asia and south america. nine cases of mycetoma were analysed in a retrospective study. all isolates were identified by morphological features. the level of species identification was reached by molecular tools. definitive identification of fungi was performed using sequence analysis of the its of the ribosomal dna region and the ribos ... | 2017 | 27766680 |
| exophiala oligosperma causing olecranon bursitis. | a 62-year-old male with a history of wegener's granulomatosis and immunosuppressive therapy presented with chronic olecranon bursitis. a black velvety mould with brown septate hyphae and tapered annellides was isolated from a left elbow bursa aspirate and was identified as an exophiala species. internal transcribed sequence rrna sequencing showed the isolate to be identical to exophiala oligosperma. the patient was successfully treated with aspiration and intrabursal amphotericin b. | 2003 | 14532219 |
| catheter-associated fungemia due to exophiala oligosperma in a leukemic child and review of fungemia cases caused by exophiala species. | a case of catheter-associated fungemia due to exophiala oligosperma in a 3-year-old leukemic child is presented. the etiologic agent was isolated from blood specimens and the catheter tip. the isolate was identified by its morphological characteristics and dna sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of rdna. despite initial amphotericin b and itraconazole therapy, the child's fever subsided only after removal of the catheter. a review of the medical literature revealed 29 cases of i ... | 2006 | 17033790 |
| subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala oligosperma in a renal transplant recipient. | | 2007 | 17263805 |
| phaeohyphomycosis of the carapace in an aldabra tortoise (geochelone gigantea). | an adult male aldabra tortoise (geochelone gigantea) presented with a deep flaking area of the carapace, and histologic examination of biopsies from this area revealed phaeohyphomycosis of the superficial keratinized layers. the disease progressed rapidly and spread to numerous sites on the carapace. after several weeks of regular debridement, deep bone involvement was evident and was confirmed through histologic examination. fungal culture was attempted but was unsuccessful at isolating the inf ... | 2009 | 19368256 |
| phaeohyphomycosis of the face caused by exophiala oligosperma. | a 57-year-old previously healthy woman who works in the fish-processing industry presented with a 1-year history of a slightly pruritic, hyperkeratotic, brownish, erythematous lesion of the left cheek measuring 5 × 5 mm in diameter. histopathology revealed granuloma formation in the superficial dermal layer by multinucleated giant cells that contained pale-brown septate hyphae. periodic acid-schiff stain showed many hyphae and catenate spores within the multinucleated giant cells. tissue specime ... | 2011 | 20070535 |
| disseminated subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala oligosperma in a patient with wegener's granulomatosis. | | 2013 | 22983069 |
| a case of phaeohyphomycosis of the face caused by exophiala oligosperma in an immunocompromised host. | | 2013 | 23889854 |
| a case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala oligosperma successfully treated with local hyperthermia. | a 58-year-old japanese woman who was engaged in dairy farming presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules and abscesses on the dorsum of her left hand from 5 months ago. these had been unsuccessfully treated with oral itraconazole. the patient had a history of sjögren syndrome and diabetes mellitus, for which she had been taking oral prednisolone for 10 years. direct microscopy of a pus sample treated with potassium hydroxide (koh) showed brownish-red branching hyphae. in fungal culture, black ... | 2013 | 23995420 |
| a case of exophiala oligosperma successfully treated with voriconazole. | exophiala oligosperma is an uncommon pathogen associated with human infections, predominantly in immunocompromised hosts. case reports of clinical infections related to e. oligosperma have been limited to 6 prior publications, all of which have shown limited susceptibility to conventional antifungal therapies, including amphotericin b, itraconazole, and fluconazole. we describe the first case of an e. oligosperma induced soft-tissue infection successfully treated with a 3-month course of voricon ... | 2013 | 24432241 |
| a rare case report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by exophiala oligosperma in an immunocompetent host with literature review. | we report a rare case of phaeohyphomycotic cyst in an immunocompetent patient caused by exophiala oligosperma. this fungus is earlier known to cause infections in the immunocompromised. identification of black fungi at species level is more challenging by conventional methods, and hence final identification of the fungi was based on sequencing of rdna. the patient was managed with surgical excision. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of e. oligosperma human infection fro ... | 2014 | 24902578 |
| onychomycosis associated with exophiala oligosperma in taiwan. | a fungus was isolated from a nail of a 54-year-old female patient with onychomycosis in taiwan. based on its rdna as well as beta tubulin gene sequences and microscopic analyses, this fungus was identified as exophiala oligosperma. this is the first record of e. oligosperma in taiwan. negative keratin azure test indicates that keratin degradation is not involved in cases of e. oligosperma associated with skin and nail diseases. | 2016 | 26378025 |
| cutaneous exophiala oligosperma infection in a patient with bullous pemphigoid with a review of the literature. | phaeohyphomycosis is an infection caused by a heterogeneous group of melanized fungi. human infections due to members of genus exophiala are rare but may occur at any part of the body. we herein report a case of an 85-year-old male with a history of bullous pemphigoid who presented with a chronic, non-healing wound on his right dorsal hand for a month. direct microscopy of a pus sample from the base of the ulcer revealed strands of pigmented, moniliform hyphae. the isolate was identified as e. o ... | 2017 | 28025758 |
| use of styrene as sole carbon source by the fungus exophiala oligosperma: optimization and modeling of biodegradation, pathway elucidation, and cell membrane composition. | biodegradation of styrene by exophiala sp. was tested at different initial concentrations (19.3-170.6 mgl(-1)), ph (2.8-8.7), and temperatures (19.8-45.1 °c), for 120 h according to a 2(3) full-factorial central composite design. the specific growth rate (sgr, per hour) and specific styrene utilization rate (sur, milligrams of styrene per milligram of biomass per hour) values were used as the response variables for optimization purposes. the interactions between concentration and temperature (p= ... | 2012 | 22961395 |
| rapid identification of clinically relevant members of the genus exophiala by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and description of two novel species, exophiala campbellii and exophiala lavatrina. | exophiala is a ubiquitous pleomorphic genus comprising at least 40 species, many of which have been associated with superficial, visceral, or systemic infections in humans, other mammals, or cold-blooded animals. in this study, we investigated the potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for the identification of exophiala species. a total of 89 isolates (including 50 human and 4 animal clinical isolates) stored in the national coll ... | 2017 | 28122875 |
| fungal/bacterial interactions during the biodegradation of tex hydrocarbons (toluene, ethylbenzene and p-xylene) in gas biofilters operated under xerophilic conditions. | the treatment of air contaminated with toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene was assayed in three laboratory-scale biofilters, each consisting of two modules connected in series, packed with a pelletized organic fertilizer and inoculated with a toluene-degrading liquid enrichment culture. biofilters were operated in parallel for 185 days in which the volumetric organic loading rate was progressively increased. the operation regime was subjected to drying out, so that packing humidity generally rem ... | 2012 | 22380456 |
| the black yeast exophiala dermatitidis and other selected opportunistic human fungal pathogens spread from dishwashers to kitchens. | we investigated the diversity and distribution of fungi in nine different sites inside 30 residential dishwashers. in total, 503 fungal strains were isolated, which belong to 10 genera and 84 species. irrespective of the sampled site, 83% of the dishwashers were positive for fungi. the most frequent opportunistic pathogenic species were exophiala dermatitidis, candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, exophiala phaeomuriformis, fusarium dimerum, and the saprochaete/magnusiomyces clade. the black yeast ... | 2016 | 26867131 |
| exophiala spinifera and its allies: diagnostics from morphology to dna barcoding. | diagnostic features of morphology, physiology, serology and genetics of species belonging to the exophiala spinifera clade (including 11 species: exophiala oligosperma, e. spinifera, e. xenobiotica, e. jeanselmei, e. exophialae, e. nishimurae, e. bergeri, e. nigra, rhinocladiella similis, ramichloridium basitonum and phaeoannellomyces elegans), comprising a large number of human-associated exophiala species, are summarized. several species have closely similar morphological characters and physio ... | 2008 | 18404547 |
| biodegradation of toluene by the new fungal isolates paecilomyces variotii and exophiala oligosperma. | two new fungal strains, namely paecilomyces variotii and exophiala oligosperma, were isolated on toluene as the sole carbon and energy source, mineralizing the substrate into carbon dioxide. fungal strains isolated so far on such a pollutant and completely degrading it are very scarce. both fungi degraded the pollutant over the ph range 3.9-6.9 and temperature range 23-40 degrees c, but e. oligosperma was barely active at the highest temperature of 40 degrees c. fungal growth on alkylbenzenes at ... | 2005 | 15702332 |
| biofiltration of waste gases with the fungi exophiala oligosperma and paecilomyces variotii. | two biofilters fed toluene-polluted air were inoculated with new fungal isolates of either exophiala oligosperma or paecilomyces variotii, while a third bioreactor was inoculated with a defined consortium composed of both fungi and a co-culture of a pseudomonas strain and a bacillus strain. elimination capacities of 77 g m(-3) h(-1) and 55 g m(-3) h(-1) were reached in the fungal biofilters (with removal efficiencies exceeding 99%) in the case of, respectively, e. oligosperma and paecilomyces va ... | 2005 | 15647938 |