| a review of canine babesiosis: the european perspective. | canine babesiosis is a significant tick-borne disease caused by various species of the protozoan genus babesia. although it occurs worldwide, data relating to european infections have now been collected for many years. these data have boosted the publication record and increased our working knowledge of these protozoan parasites. both the large and small forms of babesia species (b. canis, b. vogeli, b. gibsoni, and b. microti-like isolates also referred to as "b. vulpes" and "theileria annae") ... | 2016 | 27289223 |
| theileria annae (syn. babesia microti-like) infection in dogs in nw spain detected using direct and indirect diagnostic techniques: clinical report of 75 cases. | in north-western spain, piroplamosis caused by theileria annae is now recognized as a serious problem because veterinarians, despite being aware of the clinical signs of piroplasmosis, lack the necessary information on its epidemiology or specific diagnostic tools for its management. this, along with the fact that t. annae infection is also refractory to current piroplamosis treatments, prompted this study designed to assess the clinical presentation and diagnosis of this largely unknown parasit ... | 2015 | 25890106 |
| New insights into the epidemiology of bovine piroplasmoses in Italy. | Few studies have been published on bovine piroplasmoses in Italy, and therefore a clear picture of the epidemiology of these infections is difficult to obtain. Vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in Central and Northern Regions of Italy were investigated in 2005 and 2006, when microscopy, molecular tools and serological tests were applied to 468 blood samples drawn from cattle in order to evaluate the presence of these protozoa and identify possible risk factors. Ticks were also collected, identif ... | 2011 | 21864982 |
| evidence of new pathogenic theileria species in dogs. | babesiosis, caused by tick-borne haematozoan organisms of the genus babesia, is a parasitic disease of domestic and wild mammals. canine babesidae have historically been classified as "large babesia" (babesia canis) and "small babesia" (babesia gibsoni) based on the size of their intraerythrocytic forms. recent publications, however, suggest that the diversity of piroplasm species infecting dogs might be greater than previously appreciated. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ssrrna gene ... | 2010 | 21526030 |
| detection of babesia annae dna in lung exudate samples from red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in great britain. | this study aimed to determine the prevalence of babesia species dna in lung exudate samples collected from red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from across great britain. babesia are small piroplasmid parasites which are mainly transmitted through the bite of infected ticks of the family ixodidae. babesia can cause potentially fatal disease in a wide-range of mammalian species including humans, dogs and cattle, making them of significant economic importance to both the medical and veterinary fields. | 2016 | 26867572 |
| babesia (theileria) annae in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) from prince edward island, canada. | a 4-6-mo-old female red fox (vulpes vulpes) was presented to the atlantic veterinary college (avc) teaching hospital, prince edward island, canada. on presentation, the fox was weak and had pale mucous membranes. a complete blood count and a serum biochemistry profile were performed. blood smear examination revealed low numbers of erythrocytes containing centrally to paracentrally located, single, rarely multiple, approximately 1 x 2 microm, oval to round organisms with morphology similar to bab ... | 2010 | 20688661 |
| molecular detection of theileria annae and hepatozoon canis in foxes (vulpes vulpes) in croatia. | an epizootiological field study on tick-borne protozoan infections in foxes (vulpes vulpes) was carried out in different parts of croatia. spleen samples of 191 carcasses of red foxes killed in sanitary hunting, were examined for the presence of hematozoa by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and subsequent sequencing. the investigation revealed four species of hematozoa in 57 foxes (30%), namely theileria annae, theileria sp. 3182/05 and hepatozoon canis. t. annae was found in 10 foxes (5%), theil ... | 2010 | 20646832 |
| reclassification of theileria annae as babesia vulpes sp. nov. | theileria annae is a tick-transmitted small piroplasmid that infects dogs and foxes in north america and europe. due to disagreement on its placement in the theileria or babesia genera, several synonyms have been used for this parasite, including babesia spanish dog isolate, babesia microti-like, babesia (theileria) annae, and babesia cf. microti. infections by this parasite cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia in dogs but are mostly subclinical in red foxes (vulpes vulpes). furthermore, ... | 2015 | 25890372 |
| detection of babesia gibsoni and the canine small babesia 'spanish isolate' in blood samples obtained from dogs confiscated from dogfighting operations. | to determine the prevalence of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs that were confiscated from dogfighting operations. | 2009 | 19719443 |
| prevalence and diagnosis of babesia and theileria infections in horses in italy: a preliminary study. | babesia caballi and theileria equi are the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis. in this preliminary epidemiological study, 412 horses reared in central and northern italy were sampled and three diagnostic methods compared, namely, the microscopy, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and a pcr. possible risk factors (such as area, season, breed, activity, sex, age, and grazing) associated with serological positivity were evaluated. a seroprevalence of 68.4% was found: 12.4% of the a ... | 2010 | 19394253 |
| development of fluorogenic probe-based pcr assays for the detection and quantification of bovine piroplasmids. | this paper reports two new quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays, developed in an attempt to improve the detection of bovine piroplasmids. the first of these techniques is a duplex taqman assay for the simultaneous diagnosis of babesia bovis and b. bigemina. this technique is ideal for use in south america where bovids harbour no theilerids. the second technique, which is suitable for the diagnosis of both babesiosis and theileriosis worldwide, involves fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) pro ... | 2009 | 19376655 |
| update on epidemiology of canine babesiosis in southern france. | canine babesiosis is an emerging or re-emerging disease caused by babesia and theileria protozoans, also called piroplasms, transmitted by ixodid ticks. in europe, four etiological agents have been identified to date, namely babesia canis, b. vogeli, b. gibsoni and theileria annae. france has a high prevalence of canine babesiosis and two tick species, dermacentor reticulatus and rhipicephalus sanguineus, are supposed to transmit b. canis and b. vogeli respectively. in southern france, where dog ... | 2015 | 26303260 |
| diversity of babesia and theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in croatia. | babesiosis, the disease caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia, is particularly common in dogs, and is caused by several "large" species of babesia, as well as by an increasing number of "small" species of babesia, some of which appear to be more closely related to members of the genus theileria. in this work, blood samples were collected from 848 randomly selected, asymptomatic dogs and from 81 symptomatic dogs, microscopically positive for babesia, and characterised by ... | 2009 | 19367832 |
| babesiosis due to the canine babesia microti-like small piroplasm in dogs - first report from portugal and possible vertical transmission. | abstract: | 2011 | 21489238 |
| pcr-rflp for the detection and differentiation of the canine piroplasm species and its use with filter paper-based technologies. | canine piroplasmosis is an emerging disease worldwide, with multiple species of piroplasm now recognised to infect dogs. a nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) assay was developed for the detection and differentiation of each of the piroplasm species currently known to infect dogs on the basis of the 18s ribosomal rna gene. the assay can potentially amplify and discriminate between theileria annae, theileria equi, babesia conradae, babesia gibsoni, ... | 2007 | 17127005 |
| new advances in molecular epizootiology of canine hematic protozoa from venezuela, thailand and spain. | the prevalence of hematozoan infections (hepatozoon canis and babesia sp., particularly babesia canis vogeli) in canids from venezuela, thailand and spain was studied by amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene. h. canis infections caused simultaneously by two different isolates were confirmed by rflp analysis in samples from all the geographic regions studied. in venezuela, blood samples from 134 dogs were surveyed. babesia infections were found in 2.24% of the dogs. comparison of sequ ... | 2007 | 17088022 |
| piroplasma infection in dogs in northern spain. | babesiosis is a world-wide zoonosis caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia. canine babesidae have historically been classified as "large babesia" (babesia canis) and "small babesia" (babesia gibsoni) based on the size of their intraerythrocytic forms. genetic sequencing technology using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has allowed further subdivision. b. gibsoni has three strains: "asia", "california" and a recently identified small babesial-like parasite, theileria an ... | 2006 | 16513282 |
| molecular detection of hemoprotozoa and rickettsia species in arthropods collected from wild animals in the burgos province, spain. | limited information on the presence of bacterial and hematozoan infections in parasitic arthropods from spain is available. in an attempt to address this issue, the prevalence of theileria, babesia, hepatozoon, and rickettsia species was investigated by polymerase chain reaction plus sequencing. in a survey for zoonotic pathogens in ectoparasites, 42 wild animals (which included rodents, carnivores, sciuridae, and cervidae) were captured in burgos (spain). a total of 256 arthropods (including 10 ... | 2010 | 20055580 |
| serum protein response and renal failure in canine babesia annae infection. | babesia annae piroplasms have recently been recognised as a cause of infection and disease among dogs in europe. the pathogenesis and clinical implications of this emerging disease remain poorly understood. we conducted this study to describe the electrophoretic profiles associated with the infection and to determine if b. annae associated azotaemia is caused by renal failure. we examined by microscopy 2,979 canine blood samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in nw spain between september ... | 2005 | 16120247 |
| development and evaluation of a seminested pcr for detection and differentiation of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) and b. canis dna in canine blood samples. | canine babesiosis has recently been recognized as an emerging infectious disease of dogs in north america. we sought to develop a seminested pcr to detect and differentiate babesia gibsoni (asian genotype), b. canis subsp. vogeli, b. canis subsp. canis, and b. canis subsp. rossi dna in canine blood samples. an outer primer pair was designed to amplify an approximately 340-bp fragment of the 18s rrna genes from b. gibsoni (asian genotype), b. canis subsp. vogeli, b. canis subsp. rossi, and b. can ... | 2003 | 12958243 |
| molecular studies on babesia, theileria and hepatozoon in southern europe. part i. epizootiological aspects. | molecular epizootiology of piroplasmids (babesia spp., theileria spp.) and hepatozoon canis was studied in mammals from southern europe (mainly from spain, but also from portugal and france). partial amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene was used for molecular diagnosis. in some particular cases (b. ovis and b. bovis) the complete 18s rrna gene was sequenced. blood samples were taken from domestic animals showing clinical symptoms: 10 dogs, 10 horses, 10 cows, 9 sheep and 1 goat. in ... | 2003 | 12719133 |
| presence of mycoplasma haemofelis, mycoplasma haemominutum and piroplasmids in cats from southern europe: a molecular study. | clinical symptoms produced by mycoplasma spp. and piroplasmids in cats are sometimes similar. diagnosis of these pathogens is difficult by microscopic procedures and molecular methods have been used as an alternative. we present in this work, the development of new molecular procedures for diagnosis of the aforementioned organisms, together with a molecular characterization of isolates found in southern european cats.a single pcr-rflp procedure was designed for diagnosis of mycoplasma spp. and a ... | 2003 | 12713893 |
| erratum to: detection of babesia annae dna in lung exudate samples from red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in great britain. | | 2016 | 27169543 |
| infection of dogs in north-west spain with a babesia microti-like agent. | during 1996 a small, ring-shaped, piroplasm was observed in blood smears from 157 dogs in north-west spain. none of them had previously been in areas endemic for babesia gibsoni, which was until recently the only small piroplasm known to parasitise dogs. haematological and serum biochemistry analyses showed that almost all the dogs had an intense regenerative haemolytic anaemia and that in some cases there was evidence of renal failure. a molecular study was made of a sample of the parasite obta ... | 2001 | 11720208 |
| theileria annae in a young swedish dog. | a severe regenerative anemia was detected in a 12-week-old mixed breed puppy in sweden. a small protozoan parasite was observed in erythrocytes on a blood smear. it was initially suspected to be babesia gibsoni based on its size and because b. gibsoni was previously recorded in sweden. surprisingly, specific polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the protozoan as theileria annae. t. annae is endemic in northwest spain, is very uncommonly reported elsewhere and has never been recorded in s ... | 2013 | 23842507 |
| piroplasmosis in wildlife: babesia and theileria affecting free-ranging ungulates and carnivores in the italian alps. | piroplasmosis are among the most relevant diseases of domestic animals. babesia is emerging as cause of tick-borne zoonosis worldwide and free-living animals are reservoir hosts of several zoonotic babesia species. we investigated the epidemiology of babesia spp. and theileria spp. in wild ungulates and carnivores from northern italy to determine which of these apicomplexan species circulate in wildlife and their prevalence of infection. | 2014 | 24533742 |
| do eosinophils have a role in the severity of babesia annae infection? | | 2005 | 16263218 |
| ixodes hexagonus is the main candidate as vector of theileria annae in northwest spain. | babesia canis and babesia gibsoni have, until recently, been considered the only piroplasms that parasitise dogs. however, recent reports indicate that "small" babesia infections in spanish dogs are surprisingly frequent and molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that the infecting agent is closely related to babesia microti. because the 18srdna sequence was not completely identical to that of b. microti, the new name "theileria annae" was assigned to the canine agent. no information is avail ... | 2003 | 12581593 |
| pcr survey of vectorborne pathogens in dogs living in and around barcelona, an area endemic for leishmaniasis. | blood samples from 153 dogs living in and around barcelona were assayed for leishmania infantum and ehrlichia, anaplasma, rickettsia, bartonella, hepatozoon, babesia and theileria species by pcr amplification of dna, and the amplicons obtained were sequenced. the prevalence of the infectious agents was l infantum (29.4 per cent), ehrlichia and anaplasma species (4.0 per cent), hepatozoon canis (3.3 per cent), babesia canis vogeli (2.0 per cent), babesia gibsoni (2.0 per cent), babesia canis cani ... | 2009 | 19168881 |
| prevalence of babesia microti-like infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from portugal. | the prevalence of piroplasm (order piroplasmida) infection was assessed in blood and bone marrow samples from 91 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from northern, central and southern portugal by means of molecular methods. pcr for the 18s rrna gene of babesia spp. followed by sequencing revealed 63 foxes positive for the babesia microti-like piroplasm (syn. theileria annae) (69.2%; 95% confidence interval [ci]: 58.7-78.5%) and one fox positive for babesia canis (1.1%; 95% ci: 0.0-6.0%). positivity to th ... | 2013 | 23352108 |
| identification of babesia species infecting dogs using reverse line blot hybridization for six canine piroplasms, and evaluation of co-infection by other vector-borne pathogens. | canine infection by vector-borne hemoparasites is frequent in tropical and sub-tropical areas where exposure to hematophageous ectoparasites is intensive. a reverse line blot (rlb) assay was designed to improve the simultaneous detection of all named canine piroplasm species combined with other vector-borne pathogens of dogs including ehrlichia canis, hepatozoon canis and leishmania infantum common in the mediterranean basin. blood samples of 110 dogs from spain (n=21), portugal (n=14) and israe ... | 2013 | 23017370 |
| molecular detection of vector-borne pathogens in wild and domestic carnivores and their ticks at the human-wildlife interface. | urbanization of natural areas is considered one of the causes of the current apparent emergence of infectious diseases. carnivores are among the species that adapt well to urban and periurban environments, facilitating cross-species disease transmission with domestic dogs and cats, and potentially with their owners. the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens (vbp) of zoonotic and veterinary interest was studied in sympatric wild and domestic carnivores into barcelona metropolitan area (ne spain). ... | 2016 | 26643497 |
| a new pcr assay for the detection and differentiation of babesia canis and babesia vogeli. | babesia spp. are globally distributed tick-borne protozoan parasites that infect the red blood cells of a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. diagnosis of babesiosis is often impeded by the transient presence of the parasites in peripheral blood, as well as by their pleomorphic nature. given the reports of an expanding and, in some cases, sympatric geographical distribution of babesia canis and babesia vogeli in dogs and associated vectors, in europe, the development of time-effici ... | 2017 | 28739301 |
| detection of babesia dna in blood and spleen samples from eurasian badgers (meles meles) in scotland. | babesia are intraerythrocytic parasites of importance worldwide within the fields of human and veterinary medicine, as some babesia sp., including babesia microti are potentially zoonotic and can cause fatal disease in both humans and animals. the aims of this study were to use a nested pcr (amplifying the 18s rrna gene) to determine the presence and species of babesia parasite dna found in blood (n = 47) and spleen (n = 47) samples collected from eurasian badgers (meles meles) in scotland. the ... | 2017 | 28696186 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from central italy. | spleen samples from 153 red foxes, shot during regular hunting season in the province of pisa (central italy), were examined to detect dna of anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, hepatozoon canis and babesia sp./theileria sp. dna of vector-borne pathogens was detected in 120 (78.43%; 95% ci: 71.06-84.66%) foxes. specifically, 75 (49%; 95% ci: 40.86-57.22%) animals scored pcr-positive per h. canis, 68 (44.44%; 95% ci: 36.42-52.69%) for e. canis, 3 ... | 2017 | 28502642 |
| eurasian golden jackal as host of canine vector-borne protists. | jackals are medium-sized canids from the wolf-like clade, exhibiting a unique combination of ancestral morphotypes, broad trophic niches, and close phylogenetic relationships with the wolf and dog. thus, they represent a potential host of several pathogens with diverse transmission routes. recently, populations of the eurasian golden jackal canis aureus have expanded into the western palaearctic, including most of europe. the aim of our study was to examine eurasian golden jackals from romania, ... | 2017 | 28410591 |
| vector-borne pathogens in dogs and red foxes from the federal state of brandenburg, germany. | dirofilaria repens is endemic in eastern and southern european regions but was recently found in germany in dogs, mosquitoes and one human patient. since some of the positive dog and mosquito samples were collected in brandenburg, it was aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of d. repens and other canine vector-borne pathogens in brandenburg. dog owners also received a questionnaire and were asked to provide more information about the dogs including travel history. in total, 1023 dog blo ... | 2016 | 27270389 |
| neglected intravascular pathogens, babesia vulpes and haemotropic mycoplasma spp. in european red fox (vulpes vulpes) population. | wild animals, especially canids, are important reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens, that are transmitted by the ticks and other bloodsucking arthropods. in total, 300 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), shot by the hunters in eastern and northern slovakia, were screened for the presence of vector-borne pathogens by pcr-based methods blood samples were obtained from nine red foxes and tissue samples originated from 291 animals (the liver tissue samples from 49 foxes and spleen samples from 242 red foxes) ... | 2017 | 28807289 |
| a molecular survey of babesia spp. and theileria spp. in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and their ticks from thuringia, germany. | wild canines which are closely related to dogs constitute a potential reservoir for haemoparasites by both hosting tick species that infest dogs and harbouring tick-transmitted canine haemoparasites. in this study, the prevalence of babesia spp. and theileria spp. was investigated in german red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and their ticks. dna extracts of 261 spleen samples and 1953 ticks included 4 tick species: ixodes ricinus (n=870), i. canisuga (n=585), i. hexagonus (n=485), and dermacentor reticul ... | 2014 | 24717451 |
| occurrence and diversity of arthropod-transmitted pathogens in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in western austria, and possible vertical (transplacental) transmission of hepatozoon canis. | red fox (vulpes vulpes) is the most abundant wild canid species in austria, and it is a well-known carrier of many pathogens of medical and veterinary concern. the main aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of protozoan, bacterial and filarial parasites transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods in a red fox population in western austria. blood (n = 351) and spleen (n = 506) samples from foxes were examined by pcr and sequencing and the following pathogens were id ... | 2017 | 28835291 |
| dermacentor reticulatus, a putative vector of babesia cf. microti (syn. theileria annae) piroplasm. | babesia cf. microti (syn. theileria annae, babesia microti-like, babesia vulpes) is a recently recognized tick-borne piroplasm that infects domestic and wild carnivores. although ixodes hexagonus is considered as the leading candidate responsible for the transmission, its capacity to act as a competent vector has not yet been confirmed. this study reports the occurrence of b.cf. microti in unfed dermacentor reticulatus for the first time, suggesting that this tick species may be implicated in th ... | 2017 | 28116531 |